Landslide and Mass Movement Processes and Their Distribution in the Longdendale Valley and Glossop District (Sheet 86)
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Landslide and Mass Movement Processes and Their Distribution in the Longdendale Valley and Glossop District (Sheet 86). Physical Hazards Programme Internal Report IR/05/26 BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PHYSICAL HAZARDS PROGRAMME INTERNAL REPORT IR/05/26 Landslide and Mass Movement Processes and Their Distribution in the Longdendale Valley and Glossop District (Sheet 86). The National Grid and other Ordnance Survey data are used with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office. Ordnance Survey licence number H.J. Reeves, K.A. Freeborough , A.D. Gibson, & A. Forster Licence No:100017897/2005. Keywords Glossop; Longdendale, Landslide, Engineering Geology. Front cover Cover picture View of southern side of Longdendale valley. Bibliographical reference REEVES, H J, FREEBOROUGH, K. 2005. Landslide and Mass Movement Processes and Their Distribution in the Longdendale Valley and Glossop District (Sheet 86). British Geological Survey Internal Report, IR/05/26. 46pp. Copyright in materials derived from the British Geological Survey’s work is owned by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and/or the authority that commissioned the work. You may not copy or adapt this publication without first obtaining permission. Contact the BGS Intellectual Property Rights Section, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, e-mail [email protected] You may quote extracts of a reasonable length without prior permission, provided a full acknowledgement is given of the source of the extract. © NERC 2005. All rights reserved Keyworth, Nottingham British Geological Survey 2005 BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY The full range of Survey publications is available from the BGS British Geological Survey offices Sales Desks at Nottingham, Edinburgh and London; see contact details below or shop online at www.geologyshop.com Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG The London Information Office also maintains a reference 0115-936 3241 Fax 0115-936 3488 collection of BGS publications including maps for consultation. e-mail: [email protected] The Survey publishes an annual catalogue of its maps and other www.bgs.ac.uk publications; this catalogue is available from any of the BGS Sales Shop online at: www.geologyshop.com Desks. The British Geological Survey carries out the geological survey of Murchison House, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3LA Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the latter as an agency 0131-667 1000 Fax 0131-668 2683 service for the government of Northern Ireland), and of the e-mail: [email protected] surrounding continental shelf, as well as its basic research projects. It also undertakes programmes of British technical aid in geology in developing countries as arranged by the Department London Information Office at the Natural History Museum for International Development and other agencies. (Earth Galleries), Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2DE The British Geological Survey is a component body of the Natural Environment Research Council. 020-7589 4090 Fax 020-7584 8270 020-7942 5344/45 email: [email protected] Forde House, Park Five Business Centre, Harrier Way, Sowton, Exeter, Devon EX2 7HU 01392-445271 Fax 01392-445371 Geological Survey of Northern Ireland, Colby House, Stranmillis Court, Belfast, BT9 5BF 028-9038 8462 Fax 028-9038 8461 Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB 01491-838800 Fax 01491-692345 Sophia House, 28 Cathedral Road, Cardiff, CF11 9LJ 029–2066 0147 Fax 029–2066 0159 Parent Body Natural Environment Research Council, Polaris House, North Star Avenue, Swindon, Wiltshire SN2 1EU 01793-411500 Fax 01793-411501 www.nerc.ac.uk IR/05/26; Draft 0.1 Last modified: 2019/02/18 17:35 Foreword This report is the published product of the British Geological Survey’s Physical Hazards Programme’s Landslide Project. The report describes the study of the landslides and mass movement processes that have affected the geological formations in the Glossop district. Described in particular detail are the landslides of Longdendale, which form some of the most significant and interesting landslides of the district. The work was done in association with the geological mapping team Bob Addison, Colin Waters, Don Aldiss, Ed Hough and Gisela Ager, who are thanked for their assistance in understanding the geological context of the area and for the many helpful discussions that took place during the project. Acknowledgements In addition to the BGS staff acknowledged in the Foreword, many individuals in and outside BGS have freely given their advice, and provided the local knowledge to the project and we would like to thank them for their assistance. The authors of this report would also like to thank A Gibson and K Northmore for their advice and constructive comments, during the drafting of this report. Paul Turner is also thanked for his help and advice with aerial photography used during the detailed Longdendale investigations. From the drawing office, Paul Lappage and Jane Smalley are thanked for their assistance with the cross sections. i IR/05/26; Draft 0.1 Last modified: 2019/02/18 17:35 Contents Foreword ......................................................................................................................................... i Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................... i Contents .......................................................................................................................................... ii Summary ........................................................................................................................................ 1 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 2 2 Geology .................................................................................................................................... 3 2.1 Solid ................................................................................................................................ 3 2.2 Structure .......................................................................................................................... 9 2.3 Superficial Deposits ........................................................................................................ 9 2.4 Geomorphology ............................................................................................................ 11 2.5 Hydrogeology ............................................................................................................... 13 2.6 Landuse ......................................................................................................................... 14 3 Remote Sensing..................................................................................................................... 16 3.1 Air Photos ..................................................................................................................... 16 3.2 Next Map Shaded Relief ............................................................................................... 17 4 Field Investigations .............................................................................................................. 18 4.1 Longdendale Valley Landslide Assessment ................................................................. 18 4.2 Crowden Valley ............................................................................................................ 22 4.3 Regional Landslides ...................................................................................................... 23 5 Landslide processes in the Glossop District ....................................................................... 26 5.1 Slope Behaviour Units: the theory ................................................................................ 26 5.2 SBU Assessment of the landslides of the Glossop district ........................................... 26 6 Landslide Distribution ......................................................................................................... 29 7 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................... 31 8 References ............................................................................................................................. 32 Appendix 1 Proforma sheets used during field and remote survey .................................... 1 Appendix 2 New landslide records in the NLDB .................................................................. 4 Appendix 3 Schematic cross sections produced for a selection of surveyed landslides. ... 5 ii IR/05/26; Draft 0.1 Last modified: 2019/02/18 17:35 FIGURES Figure 2.1 - General regional geology of the Glossop District. ...................................................... 3 Figure 2.2 - 1:50 000 Solid Geology of the Glossop District (Legend used is BGS_Lex_Rock) .. 4 Figure 2.3 - Generalised vertical sections of Namurian strata across the Pennines (Aitkenhead et al., 2002). .................................................................................................................................. 5 Figure 2.4 - Generalised vertical sections of Westphalian strata across the Pennines (Aitkenhead et al., 2002). .............................................................................................................................. 6 Figure 2.5 - Generalised vertical sections of