World Bank Document

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

World Bank Document Document of The World Bank FILE COPY FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Public Disclosure Authorized Repot Ng. P-2945-NEP REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE Public Disclosure Authorized INTERNATIONALDEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION TO THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS ON A PROPOSED CREDIT TO THE Public Disclosure Authorized KINGDOMOF NEPAL FOR AN AGRICULTURALEXTENSION AND RESEARCH PROJECT January 14, 1981 Public Disclosure Authorized This doumet b1 a reotcted disbirition d maybe aed by reipiets ony lo the peorme of their eoliell do". Its ents may net otherwisebe discosed withoutWold Bak auhrlaln. CURRENCYEQUIVALENTS Currency Unit - Nepalese Rupee (NR) Since March 20, 1978 US$1.00 - NRs 12.00 NR 1,00 = US$0.08 NRs 100 - US$8.33 FINANCIALYEAR July 16 - July 15 ABBREVIATIONSAND ACRONYMS AADO - AssistantAgricultural Development Officer ADBN - AgriculturalDevelopment Bank of Nepal ADO - AgriculturalDevelopment Officer AIC - AgriculturalInputs Corporation CTC - Central Technical Committee DDG - Deputy Director General DG - Director General DOA - Department of Agriculture DTC - District Technical Committee FAMSD - Food and AgriculturalMarketing ServicesDepartment HMGN - His Majesty's Governmentof Nepal JT - Junior Technician JTA - Junior Technical Assistant MFA - Ministry of Food and Agriculture PLAA - PanchayatLevel AgriculturalAssistant RRC - Regional Research Coordinator RRS - Regional Research Station SMS - Subject Matter Specialist FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY NEPAL AGRICULTURE EXTENSION AND RESEARCH PROJECT Credit and Project Summary Borrower: Kingdom of Nepal Amount: SDR 13.8 million (US$17.5 million equivalent). Terms: Standard Project Description: The objective of the proposed project is early and sus- tained improvement in agricultural production, particu- larly foodgrains, in eight of the twenty administrative districts of the Nepal Terai. Improvements in production would be brought about by the wide adoption of low cost, labor intensive agricultural practices, improved varieties of seeds and provision of fertilizer. The project would comprise: (a) reorganization and strengthening of agricultural extension services; (b) strengthening and reorientation of applied and adaptive research; (c) strengthening the coordination between research and extension services; (d) establishment of regular monitoring and evalua- tion procedures; (e) local and overseas training of staff, studies and provision of consultants; (f) establishment of regional training centers, and offices and housing for field staff; (g) facilities, equipment and vehicles to support extension and training programs; and (h) provision of fertilizer. The project faces no special risk. This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipientsonly in the performance of their, fficial duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. Estimated Cost of Project: US$ Million Equivalent Component Local Foreign Total Civil Works 2.07 1.71 3.78 Vehicles - 0.35 0.35 Equipment and Furniture 0.22 0.84 1.06 Farm Development 0.04 0.17 0.21 Technical Assistance - 0.65 0.65 Monitoring and Evaluation 0.17 - 0.17 Incremental Staff Costs 0.55 - 0.55 Incremental Operating Costs 0.60 0.31 0.91 Fertilizer 2.15 6.21 8.36 Base Cost 5.80 10.24 16.04 Physical Contingencies 0.53 1.01 1.54 Price Contingencies 1.18 2.09 3.27 TOTAL PROJECT COST 7.51 1/ 13.34 20.85 Financing Plan: US$ Million Equivalent Local Foreign Total IDA 4.81 12.69 17.50 Government 2.70 - 2.70 UNDP - 0.65 0.65 7.51 13.34 20.85 Estimated US$ Million Equivalent Disbursements: IDA FY 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 Annual 4.1 4.3 2.0 3.0 3.0 1.1 Cumulative 4.1 8.4 10.4 13.4 16.4 17.5 Rate of Return: 50% Staff Appraisal Report: No. 3104-NEP, dated January 5, 1981. 1/ includes US$70,000 of duties and taxes. INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION OF THE PRESIDENT TO THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS ON A PROPOSED CREDIT TO THE KINGDOM OF NEPAL FOR AN AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND RESEARCH PROJECT 1. I submit the following report and recommendation on a proposed development credit to the Kingdom of Nepal for Special Drawing Rights (SDR) 13.8 million (US$17.5 million equivalent) on standard IDA terms to help finance an Agricultural Extension and Research Project. UNDP has agreed in principle to provide US$650,000 equivalent to finance technical assistance and studies under the prcposed project. PART I - THE ECONOMY 1/ 2. The most recent economic report entitled "Nepal-Development Perform- ance and Prospects" (Report No. 2692-NEP) was distributed to the Executive Directors on December 14, 1979. The principal findings of the Report and recent developments are described below. Country data are shown in Annex I. 3. Nepal is one of the least developed countries in the world. Per capita income is estimated at $120 (1978), and health and education standards are well below the average of South Asia: life expectancy at birth is about 45 years, infant mortality 150 per thousand, and adult literacy 19%. The population, growing at the rate of 2.6% a year, is estimated to be 13.6 million (1978). About 95% of the population live in rural areas. 4. The economy of Nepal centers around agriculture. It accounts for more than 60% of GDP and 75% of merchandise exports, and provides a livelihood to over 90% of the population. In addition, most of the industrial sector, which comprises about 10% of GDP, processes agricultural raw materials. About 25% of total rural incomes are estimated to arise from non-agricultural activities. Cottage industries are one of the most important of these, engaging over 1 million people and comprising about 6% of GDP. They provide basic consumer goods in the many small isolated markets where such goods would otherwise not be available. 5. As a small open economy, Nepal is highly susceptible to develop- ments in India. The Terai, which lies along the Indian border, has close and virtually free trading links with India, and accounts for about 60% of the country's GDP, and about 40% of the population. The Kathmandu Valley, the administrative and commercial center, is closely linked with the Terai, but at significant transportation costs. The rest of the country, the Hills 1/ Part I of this Report is substantially the same as Part I of the Report and Recommendation of the President to the Executive Directors on a proposed credit to the Kingdom of Nepal for the Babai Irrigation Engi- neering Project (Report No. P-2926-NEP of December 11, 1980). and Mountains, is isolated by the nature of the terrain and consists of a large number of fragmented markets. 6. When Nepal adopted economic and social development as major gov- ernment objectives in the early 1950s, there was virtually no economic or administrative infrastructure. Initial development efforts were necessarily concentrated on establishing a foundation for future development. During these early stages, it was inevitable that growth would remain slow and that there would be little if any increase in per capita income. However, the Fifth Development Plan (1975/76-1979/80) was to be a turning point; it was believed that the country was poised for more rapid growth on the order of 4- 5% annually. The level of investment was to increase substantially and its focus to shift towards the more directly productive sectors and the social services. 7. Public investment performance has been excellent; development expenditures have grown at over 15% annually in real terms and the Government has been relatively successful in reorienting investment away from the trans- port sector towards agriculture and the social services. However, few of the other Fifth Plan objectives have been achieved. The GDP growth rate is likely to average only 2.4% per year, mainly because of poor agricultural performance. Little progress has been made in increasing agricultural productivity and agricultural production increased at an annual rate of only 0.7% during the first four years of the Fifth Plan. Growth in other sectors has been mixed, with the poor agricultural performance limiting the growth of agro-related industries. Production in several large industries including jute goods, sugar, leather goods, and cement has increased but most Fifth Plan targets will go unmet. In the services sector, tourism has been dynamic, but it still only contributes about 1% of GDP. 8. Economic developments during 1979/80 were characterized by declining output, accelerating inflation, and a weakening in the trade and payments position. Foodgrain production declined by 13% due to the poor monsoon in 1979, and to deal with this shortfall, the Government appealed for 110,000 tons of foodgrains assistance. Donors have made available about 60,000 tons and together with local procurement from less seriously affected parts of Nepal, this may be sufficient to maintain minimum food requirements. The 1980 monsoon is reported to have been satisfactory. Inflation accelerated to about 12% in 1979/80, because of the deterioration in the domestic food situation, higher import prices and the expansionary effects of the budget deficit. Government activity slowed in 1979/80; real growth in total expen- ditures was only 5% compared with 10% in 1978/79, while revenues declined by 3.5% in current terms. However, the economic prospects for 1980/81 are some- what brighter in view of the improved weather as well as the planned accelera- tion in government expenditures given in the 1980/81 Budget; GDP growth should be positive in contrast to its 1% decline in 1979/80. 9. The disappointing overall performance of the domestic economy during the Fifth Plan period has been accompanied by a widening trade deficit. Imports have grown under the impetus of the Government's development program while the trend in export earnings has been sluggish due to declining rice exports. The deterioration on the trade account has been partly covered by - 3 - increased tourism receipts and remittances from Gurkhas (soldiers from Nepal serving in the British or Indian armies).
Recommended publications
  • Assessment of Water Availability in Major River Basins of Western Nepal
    XIIIth World Water Congress, 1- 4 September, 2008, Montpellier, France ASSESSMENT OF WATER AVAILABILITY IN MAJOR RIVER BASINS OF WESTERN NEPAL. Mr. Jagat K. Bhusal, Senior Divisional Hydrologists, Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, Nepal Mr. Om Ratna Bajracharya Senior Divisional Hydrologists, Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, Nepal Mr. Lekh Nath Bagale, Hydrologist Engineer, Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, Nepal ABSTRACT Nepal gets about 80 % of annual rainfall during monsoon which lasts about 100 days only. Most rivers drain more than 75 % of the runoff during same period. In spite of limited arable land and poor irrigation facility, the backbone of Nepalese economy is still dependant on agriculture. Knowledge of the seasonal variability of rainfall and runoff plays a vital role in maximizing the yield. Integrated approach on utilizing the available water for irrigation development, hydropower generation, water supply and other uses are also other challenges in water resource management. This paper is based on study made by Nepal Irrigation Sector Project (NISP) on 77 basins of Western Nepal. Regional analyses were carried out. Long-term data of 35 basins were used to estimate the key hydrological parameters in the remaining 42 basins. Estimation on the natural flow, recurring floods and low flows, runoff- rainfall relationships, water balance, consumptive and non-consumptive water-use were made. Inter-basin groundwater flow is noticed in some areas. Hydropower development would be wise wise-uses of water resources in Nepal. Keywords: Western Nepal, Monsoon, Basins, Ground water. Rainfall, Runoff. INTRODUCTION River basins of Nepal Nepalese can be grouped broadly into (i) High Himalayan river basins, (ii) High mountain river basins (iii) Middle Mountain river basins (iv) Siwalik river basins and (v) Tarai river basins High Himal region have more snow and ice melt contribution where as High mountains and the Middle mountains find base flow sources with less frozen winter melt.
    [Show full text]
  • Logistics Capacity Assessment Nepal
    IA LCA – Nepal 2009 Version 1.05 Logistics Capacity Assessment Nepal Country Name Nepal Official Name Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal Regional Bureau Bangkok, Thailand Assessment Assessment Date: From 16 October 2009 To: 6 November 2009 Name of the assessors Rich Moseanko – World Vision International John Jung – World Vision International Rajendra Kumar Lal – World Food Programme, Nepal Country Office Title/position Email contact At HQ: [email protected] 1/105 IA LCA – Nepal 2009 Version 1.05 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Country Profile....................................................................................................................................................................3 1.1. Introduction / Background.........................................................................................................................................5 1.2. Humanitarian Background ........................................................................................................................................6 1.3. National Regulatory Departments/Bureau and Quality Control/Relevant Laboratories ......................................16 1.4. Customs Information...............................................................................................................................................18 2. Logistics Infrastructure .....................................................................................................................................................33 2.1. Port Assessment .....................................................................................................................................................33
    [Show full text]
  • Notes on the Mosquitoes of Nepal I. New Country Records and Revised Aedes Keys (Diptera, Culicidae)’
    AUGUST199 1 39 NOTES ON THE MOSQUITOES OF NEPAL I. NEW COUNTRY RECORDS AND REVISED AEDES KEYS (DIPTERA, CULICIDAE)’ RICHARDF. DARSIE, JR.~, SHREEDHARP. PRADHAN~AND RIDDHI GOPAL VAIDYA~ ABSTRACT: Additional collectionsof mosquitoesin the environs of Hetaura, Makwanpur District, and Birgunj,Bara District during 1990,resulted in the discoveryof 4 new country records and the collection of the immature stagesof 7 speciespreviously known from Nepal only in the adult stage. Revisionsand additionsto the Darsie/Pradhankeys are presentedso that the species new to Nepal can be identified. Also, revised Aedes keys are presented. INTRODUCTION these habitatswere quite rewarding. In addi- tion to the new country records, we collected Darsie and Pradhan (1990) publishedan ex- larvae of 7 speciespreviously known from Nepal tensive account of the mosquitoesof Nepal, only as adults. includingall previouspublished works. We re- The purposeof the studywas to samplemos- ported 130 speciesin 14 genera. Another genus, quito breeding habitats in and near Hetaura, Teteroides, wasincluded in our report without Makwanpur District, Narayani Zone, locatedin a speciesbeing named. One of the 4 species the inner terai at an elevation of 187 m. Also, whichwe are reporting asnew to Nepal belongs collectionswere made on 1 occasionnear Bir- to thisgenus. We are addingnotes on mosquito gunj, Bara District, Narayani Zone, closeto the habitats sampled, based on recent collections Indian border at an elevation of 100 m. Adults, made in 1990. captured by hand aspirator, and larvae were Only culicine and sabethinemosquitoes are mountedfor study. Certain larvae of the genera included in this account. Peters and Dewar Aedesand Heizmannia could not be identified (1956), Joshiet al.
    [Show full text]
  • The Right to Adequate Food in Nepal
    Parallel Information: The Right to Adequate Food in Nepal Article 11, ICESCR FIAN Nepal August 2014, Kathmandu Imprint Published by: FIAN Nepal Kupondole, Lalitpur, P. O. Box: 11363 Nepal email: [email protected] Website: http://www.fiannepal.org FIAN International Willy-Brandt-Platz 5 69115 Heidelberg, Germany Email: [email protected] http://www.fian.org Edited by: Yubraj Koirala, Dip Magar, Basanta Adhikari, Sarba Raj Khadka, Tilak Adhikari, Ana Maria Suarez Franco, Sabine Pabst, Alison Graham Layout: Suman Piya Cover photo: A woman with a baby in her back, assisted by another girl are busy plucking up tender leaves/buds from a stinging nettle plant. People in some parts of Nepal, mainly in the rural areas of hills, depend on these types of neglected plant resources that are grown naturally in and around the agricultural lands, wasted lands, close to water sources and forest areas. Photo by: Rajendra Kumar Basnet Kindly supported by Misereor and Bread for the World Parallel Information The Right to Adequate Food in Nepal (Article 11, ICESCR) FIAN Nepal August 2014, Kathmandu Parallel Information: The right to adequate food in Nepal, (Article 11, ICESCR) ii Abbreviations ADS : Agriculture Development Strategy AVR : Antiretroviral CBS : Central Bureau of Statistics CESCR : Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights CEDAW : Committee on Elimination of Discrimination against Women CSO : Civil Society Organisations DAO : District Administration Office DFID : Department of International Development DANIDA : Danish International Development
    [Show full text]
  • Final Evaluation Combating Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in Nepal: Naya Bato Naya Paila Project -New Path New Steps
    FINAL (AFTER COMMENTS) Independent Final Evaluation Combating Exploitive Child Labor through Education in Nepal: Naya Bato Naya Paila Project -New Path New Steps- USDOL Cooperative Agreement No: IL-19513-09-75-K Report prepared by: Dr. Martina Nicolls April 2013 Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................................ v LIST OF ACRONYMS ............................................................................................................... vi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................... 1 Country Context ................................................................................................................................................... 1 Relevance: Shifting Project Priorities ................................................................................................................... 1 Effectiveness ........................................................................................................................................................ 2 Efficiency .............................................................................................................................................................. 3 Impact .................................................................................................................................................................. 3 Sustainability .......................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Adoption of Improved Potato Varieties in Nepal: a Case of Bara District
    January ADOPTION OF IMPROVED POTATO VARIETIES IN NEPAL: A CASE OF BARA DISTRICT B. Kafle1 and P.Shah1 ABSTRACT The study examines the determinants of adoption of improved potato varieties in Bara district of Nepal. Data was obtained from 51 potato farmers through the use of structured questionnaires. The study employed descriptive statistics and regression analysis to assess adoption status and its determinants. The results of the regression analysis showed that household size has negative influence on adoption of improved potato varieties while land tenancy, cattle ownership, contact with extension agents, age and level of education have positive influences. It is recommended that adult education should be provided to the adult farmers and the number of extension agents should be increased who would help introduce new potato varieties and improve technical and managerial skills of farmers through improved extension services. Key words: adoption, logistic regression, factors, potato varieties INTRODUCTION Since last two decades, Nepal Agricultural Research Council Agriculture is the mainstay of the (NARC) has been engaged in Nepalese economy, providing a generation of improved agricultural livelihood for three-fourths of the technologies for potatoes farming in population and accounting 32.3% Nepal. Till date, more than ten share to Gross Domestic Products improved varieties of potato have (MoAC, 2011). Potato (Solanum been recommended by NARC along tuberosam L.) is one of the most with improved production important crops in Nepal. It is utilized technologies. The varieties have large as a major vegetable in Terai (Plain yield potential and the diffusion of region) and mid hills and used as a these varieties can greatly enhance vegetable and staple food both in high national potato production.
    [Show full text]
  • Manual for Community-Based Flood Management Nepal
    MANUAL FOR COMMUNITY-BASED FLOOD MANAGEMENT NEPAL Asia Pacific J. Env. Dev., 11(1&2), 2004, pp. 227-304 MANUAL FOR COMMUNITY-BASED FLOOD MANAGEMENT IN NEPAL Table of Contents List of Acronyms 230 Executive Summary 231 1 Introduction 236 2 Classification of Floods and Flood Prone Areas 241 3 Pre-Flood Preparedness 244 4 During Flood Responses 255 5 Post-Flood Rehabilitation and Maintenance 256 6 Managing Information for Future References 258 Annexures 260 List of Acronyms ADB/N : Agricultural Development Bank of Nepal CBOs : Community Based Organization CFMC : Community Flood Management Committee DADO : District Agriculture Development Office DDC : District Development Committee DHM : Department of Hydrology and Meteorology DNCRC : District Natural Calamity Relief Committee DOR : Department of Roads DWIDP : Department of Water Induced Disaster Prevention DWRC : District Water Resources Committee GLOF : Glacier Lake Outburst Flood INGO : International Non-Governmental Organization JICA : Japan International Cooperation Agency NGO : Non-Governmental Organizations NRCS : Nepal Red Cross Society RCC : Reinforced Cement Concrete RUAA Roorkee University Alumni Association SIREN Society of Irrigation Engineers UNDP : United Nations Development Programme VDC : Village Development Committee EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Floods in Nepal Unstable steep slopes, weak and fragile geological formation of young mountains along with heavy monsoon rainfall make Nepal one of the most hazardous areas in the world. Because of its topographical variation and geological characteristics together with torrential rain during the monsoon season, the country frequently suffers from different kinds of water induced disasters like soil erosion, landslide, debris flow, floods etc. These phenomena cause loss of lives and property and pose severe hazards to physical infrastructures resulting in the disruption of the social and economic development of the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Nepali Times
    #110 6 - 12 September 2002 16 pages Rs 20 OOOne year later by Daniel Lak p4 OUROUR OUR DOUBLEDOUBLE DOUBLE TRIANGLETRIANGLE TRIANGLE p8-9 ANALYSIS by ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ RAJENDRA DAHAL he two protagonists in the present crisis—the extreme right and the T extreme left—want the same thing: an extension of the emergency, and neither side No one won, everyone lost cares too much for elections. The constitution Nepalis have never before faced such has provided polls as a way out of this zero, unemployment is rife. They have lost military might alone is not going to be enough stalemate, but they are not going to let the deprivation and insecurity. purchasing power, markets, food supply, health to finish off the Maoists. The idea is to put people vote. ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ services, education, and personal security. sufficient pressure on them to bolster the That is the paradox of Nepal’s politics: use Article 127 to amend the constitution and Caught between the ruthlessness of the bargaining position in future talks. And this is the enemies seem to want the same result. And take necessary powers. The resignation shows Maoists and counter-attacks from security also the intention of the Maoists who have they are pitted against parliamentary parties that political regression may not be as easy as forces, Nepalis have never before faced such already begun their senseless mayhem in the and Nepalis who haven’t given up on the rightists want. deprivation and insecurity. run-up to the 16 September strike. democracy. There are signs the extreme Given this undercurrent, it doesn’t seem to An alternative to elections would be On the political front, Deuba has played right is now more royal than the king, and matter anymore which faction of the Congress postponed elections.
    [Show full text]
  • Country Policy Analysis
    Country Policy Analysis Nutrition Impact of Agriculture and Food Systems Nepal November 2013 UN System Standing Committee on Nutrition country study for the second International Conference on Nutrition 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The country assessment for nutrition sensitive agriculture in Nepal was led by Jessica Fanzo (Columbia University), Mr. Raj Kumar Pokharel (Child Health Division Nepal), and Danielle Andrews (UCLA School of Public Health) and supported by Dr. Senendra Upreti (Child Health Division, Nepal). The team received technical assistance and advisement from Mr. Ashok Butyral and Mr. Ramesh Bastola (WHO, Nepal). Lina Mahy and Marzella Wüstefeld (UNSCN, Switzerland) ensured overall coordination of the country case study. This report was possible thanks to the sponsorship by the German Government. TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements............................................................................................................................2 Abbreviations ....................................................................................................................................5 I. Executive Summary .........................................................................................................................6 II. Purpose of Study and Research ..................................................................................................... 13 III. Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 14 3.1 Background:
    [Show full text]
  • Food Utilization Practices, Beliefs and Taboos in Nepal an Overview
    FOOD UTILIZATION PRACTICES, BELIEFS AND TABOOS IN NEPAL AN OVERVIEW MAY 2010 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by Ramesh Kant Adhikari through the Global Health Technical Assistance Project. FOOD UTILIZATION PRACTICES, BELIEFS AND TABOOS IN NEPAL AN OVERVIEW DISCLAIMER The authors’ views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. This document (Report No. 10-01-367) is available in print or online. Online documents can be located in the GH Tech website library at www.ghtechproject.com/resources\. Documents are also available through the Development Experience Clearinghouse (www.dec.org). Additional information can be obtained from: The Global Health Technical Assistance Project 1250 Eye St., NW, Suite 1100 Washington, DC 20005 Tel: (202) 521-1900 Fax: (202) 521-1901 [email protected] This document was submitted by The QED Group, LLC, with CAMRIS International and Social & Scientific Systems, Inc., to the United States Agency for International Development under USAID Contract No. GHS-I-00-05-00005-00. CONTENTS ACRONYMS ..................................................................................................................... iii INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 1 METHODOLOGY .............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    Project name: Project for Strenghtening National Rural Transport Program New Activities Loan: IDA-5336 & H8990 Modified Activities Procurement Plan Version: 2016-2 Canceled Activities Status: Approved Activities without Modification Date of Last Change of Status: 04/11/2015 Public Disclosure Authorized Category Works: Activities ShowHide Total days of End of No Objection Publication / No Objection to Contract (between Bid Contract Description Reference # Province/State Documents Invitation Bid Opening Evaluation of Bids Evaluation Report Signature Date Opening and (Completed) P.P. - Executing Agency: 2016-2-DOLIDAR - Method: NCB (National Competitive 5.Construction of Sandhikhark-Dharapani- SNRTP-22-NCB-O-SNRTP-ARG-W-NCB-1.05- Lumbini Zone N/A 01/02/14 03/03/14 18/03/14 N/A 10/05/14 68 11/05/15 Maidan Rd. (08 Km) UG-070-71 DTO Arghakhanchi Contract under execution Post Review N/A 15/03/14 14/04/14 15/05/14 N/A 11/07/14 88 Public Disclosure Authorized 6. Construction of Sandhikhark-Nuwakot- SNRTP-23-NCB-O-SNRTP-ARG-W-NCB-1.06- Lumbini Zone N/A 01/02/14 03/03/14 18/03/14 N/A 10/05/14 68 11/05/15 Asurkot-Pyuthan Rd. (07 Km): UG-070-71 DTO Arghakhanchi Contract under execution Post Review N/A 15/03/14 15/04/14 14/05/14 N/A 15/07/14 91 3. Construction of Mandredhunga – SNRTP-80-NCB-O-SNRTP-NUW-W-NCB-16.03-Bagmati Zone N/A 17/01/14 16/02/14 03/03/14 N/A 02/05/14 75 10/12/15 Khargabhanjyang-Gorsyang –Dangsing Road UG-070-71 (12.00 km) DTO Nuwakot Contract under execution Post Review N/A 04/03/14 06/04/14 14/05/14 N/A 30/05/14 54 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 6 Sustainable Poverty Alleviation and Mountain Development in Nepal: Status, Experience and Strategy
    Chapter 6 Sustainable Poverty Alleviation and Mountain Development in Nepal: Status, Experience and Strategy HARI K. UPADHYAYA Executive Chairman Centre for Environmental and Agricultural Policy Research Extension and Development (CEAPRED), Kathmandu 6.1 General Overview of the Economy Physical and demographic features Nepal stands in sharp contrast to other countries of the Hindu Kush-Himalayan (HKH) region with respect to its geophysical make-up and development potentials, constraints, and priorities. Physically stretching 880 km from east to west and 150-200 km from north to south, Nepal is a small country occupying a land area of about 147,000 sq.km. Despite its size, it is an extremely diverse country covering within its narrow width a wide range of ecological belts: most distinctly, the flat plains of the ‘Terai’, the slopey terrain of the middle hills, and the snowy peaks of the mountains. Accordingly, the climatic conditions vary greatly, ranging from warm tropical in the south to cold temperate in the north. The religious and linguistic divisions also tend to follow the ecological divisions. The mountain population is dominated by the Tibeto-Burman speaking, largely Buddhist groups, the hill population by the Nepali speaking Hindu groups, and the Terai population by the Indo-Aryan Hindu groups, mainly speaking Maithili and Bhojpuri. Nepali is the national language, but some 35 other languages and dialects are also spoken. The caste and ethnic compositions are of marked diversity; the population is divided into more than 65 different groups based on caste and ethnicity. 195 Untitled-4 195 7/19/2007, 1:07 PM Nepal’s population is currently projected at close to 23 million.
    [Show full text]