DOCSLIB.ORG

The Phasmid Study Group

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Phasmid Study Group The Phasmid Study Group Chair: Mrs Judith Marshall Department of Entomology, The natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD Treasurer/Membership : Paul Brock ('Phone 0753-579447) "Papillon", 40 Thorndike Road, Slough, Berks SL2 1SR Secretary: Ms Angela Parwani ('Phone 0332-769097) 14 Crenfell Avenue, Sunnyhill, Derby, Derbyshire DZ3 7JZ March 1992 NEWSLETTER NO. 50 ISSN 0268-3806 ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING REPORT About 50 members attended the A.G.M. including a number of members from Europe. Willy de Reuter (No.367) displayed 2 cases of impressive set specimens. About 20 species of sticks were given away including some of the, more unusual species. TREASURER'S REPORT Paul Brock (No.26) reported that membership was down on 1990 at 327 members. Of that, 123 were from outside the U.K. A profit of £246-33p was attributed to donations and higher sales of back copies. Subscription rates for 1993 will regrettably be increased, but will be no more than £5-00p. The actual figure will be set at the summer meeting. EXHIBITIONS AND MEETINGS Paul Jennings (No. 80) reported that we exhibited at all the major exhibitions in 1991. It proved an effective way to raise funds, and helped to promote the P.S.G. This year the P.S.G. will continue, to exhibit at all major insect fairs. Paul has requested that all correspondence and bookings should be made through him (see Newsletter 48:2) LIVESTOCK CO-ORDINATION Phil Bragg (No.445) reported that he is not being notified about surplus livestock, mainly ova. Consequently some people have been waiting for over 6 months for requests. If you have surplus that may be of use to other members please send details to the Livestock Co-ordinator. The Livestock Panel and Coordinators' names, addresses and telephone numbers can be found further in the newsletter. OFFICERS & COMMITTEE A number of changes have occurred within the committee. Michael and Frances (No.3) have both stood down, (refer to end of this report). All other officers were re-elected for 1992 together with Willy de Reuter (No.367). Due to the changes in the newsletter, Phil Bragg (No.445) will no longer head the Livestock Panel, but will concentrate on the new 'Phasmid Studies'. Paul Jennings (No.80) will now head the Livestock Suppliers' Panel. With Michael and Frances 'retiring' from the committee and editing of the newsletter, Paul Taylor (No.852) 50:2 will now edit the newsletter. NEXT P.S.G. MEETING The Natural History Museum on-the 18th. July 1992. Please send Agenda items to the Secretary, Angela Parwani (No.419) to reach her by the 4th July. Please note her new address, top of newsletter, as some correspondence has been sent to her old address. MICHAEL AND FRANCES RETIRE by Paul Taylor (No.852) As you will have read in Newsletter 48, Michael and Frances have decided to call it a day, after producing the newsletter for some time. On. behalf of all P.S.G. members I should like to thank you both for all the hard work and time that you have put into the production and distribution of the newsletter. I hope that I shall be able to maintain the high standards that you have set. At the A.G.M. Judith Marshall (No.13) thanked both Michael and Frances for their work and made them Honorary Members of the Group. TALK AND VIDEO Paul Brock (No.26) showed a video on the wildlife of Malaysia, from his trip there in May 1991. The first part was shot in an. area around Penang. Although filmed in the jungle, it was fairly evident that it was close to a main road, going by the amount of traffic noise. The film showed a trip to a butterfly farm in the area, not only did they have a good selection of exotic butterflies, but also some sticks including Heteropteryx dilatata and Phyllium sp. The farm layout was similar to ones in this country, but birds were seen flying freely, and there were terrapins in the ponds. Entrance fees were very cheap, the equivalent to 50p in this country. The owners showed Paul collecting areas at the rear of the farm, catching 2 spectacular sticks, one with red wings and the other, a male, with mottled legs and antennae, found drinking water droplets from Cinnamon leaves, the food plant of Aruanoidea annulipes, a species with brown/red legs and a bluish green head. The second half of the video was shot in the Cameron Highlands, approx. 4,000 ft. above sea level. The temperature here was lower than at Penang, even so there was a good mixture of butterflies seen, including a large number of Rajah Brook's Birdwing Troides brookiana found drinking on the moist rocks at the side of a waterfall. Another stick insect found had characteristic toothed forelegs. Local villagers in the area were keen-collectors, even the young children, any wonder when they could be paid up to the equivalent of £5 for a leaf insect by a dealer. P.S.G. T - SHIRTS T - Shirts with a Heteropteryx dilatata motif will be available from March onwards. Paul Brock's mother has very kindly offered to store and despatch any orders. Prices will be £5-00 plus p + p. The sizes available are XL ,L,and M. Please fill in the special order form in this newsletter. OBTAINING LIVESTOCK If you write to the Livestock Coordinator or a Panel Member, please include a S.A.E. If you request eggs enclose an uncrushable container and sufficient stamps to cover FIRST CLASS return postage. No S.A.E., sorry, no reply. Contacting Co-ordinator or Panel Member by telephone will make advice of availability easier. 50:3 LIVESTOCK COORDINATOR Paul Jennings (No.80). Tel. 0582 583954 17, Ranock Close, Sundown Park, Luton, Beds., LU3 3JY SUPPLIERS' PANEL Ian Abercrombie (No.628) Tel.0233 621026 59, Romney Road, Willesborough, Ashford Kent, TN24 ORR Paul Taylor (No.852) Tel. 0675 81578 24, Forge Road, Shustoke, Coleshill, Birmingham, B46 2AU Nick Wadham (No.358) Tel. 0749 345775 16, Kent Lane, West Shepton, Shepton Mallet, Somerset, BA4 5XQ Nick Witham (No.848) 17, Clos-Treoda, Old Church Rd., Whitchurch, Cardiff, CF4 6DL WANTS & EXCHANGE Anyone willing to exchange a mated pair of Eurycantha calcarata (PSG 23) for a pair of Eurycantha coriacea Redtenbacher (PSG111). Also, books wanted J. T. Clark - Stick & Leaf Insects Michael Byron - How to keep Stick Insects. Please contact: - Pippa Williamson (No.993), Carr Beck Barn, Gonalston, Notts, NG14 7JA. Tel. Nottingham 664141 SPECIES CENSUS. DECEMBER 1991 by Phil Bragg. The following is a summary of the results of the species census which was sent out on the bottom of the membership renewal form. A total of 135 census forms were returned. Of these 15 people stated that they do not have any Phasmids in culture at present. A further 23 people who returned the form had not completed it. More than two thirds of 1991 members have not sent in a census form. The most popular species is reported to be PSG 9, Extatosoma tiaratum; last year the most common was PSG 4, Sipyloidea sipylus. Two members reported having PSG 40 and three reported PSG 88. I am assuming that these are mistakes because neither has been in culture for several years and in both cases no information has been published to enable them to be identified. Although these are listed on the census table, they are not listed as in culture on the new species list. One previously common species (PSG 74) has not been reported as in culture and there only appear to be two tentative cultures of PSG 6. Even allowing for the poor response to the census, it is clear that we are in danger of losing some species, even some of the easy ones. 50:4 i i I 1 [ i 1 1 i i - ! c J T | l 1 1 r i T f sp. ; C sp. c i T ! sp. C T ! T sp. 1 sp. f 1 1 i 1 sp. 1 i I | sp. | C i | 1 i J i H« 0 0 41 ! 0 0 2 0 ! 81 101 n 11 121 2 . i 21 0 l 1 j i 1 I i 0 I 0 0 82 11 3 122 22 21 | 3 <2 o 2 < | 1 j 2|G) i j i > i 6 33 15 « o ! o j 0 ll 83 0 1 1.3 13 * 123 i i i _ - . I 9> 1 39 « 8 A 64 - 84 10 104 13 7 124 1 i 29 25 2 3 <5 7 3 65 0 0 15 4 105 « « 125 2 2 V « 0 2 26 3 6 46 0 0 66 2 2 86 2 < 106 1 2 1 i 0 0 2 « 2 4 67 0 0 87 0 107 2 3 2 0 1 48 68 0 0 88 2 1 108 128 « 1 3 2 1 « ° | 2 A 51 15 0 49 0 0 69 11 7 89 2 109 2 129 10 i 7 30 1 0 50 0 0 70 0 3 90 3 110 3 2 IJ u 1 n i I 0 - 11 0 0 I 31 ? 3 0 n 0 0 91 111 5 « 1 i 12 5 19 7 52 6 1 3 i 92 0 1 5 j ; 1 13 13 12 33 0 53 0 0 14 6 93 0 0 113 2 1 133 o 3< 0 5< 0 0 0 0 94 3 8 114 1 134 - 15 1 5 35 3 55 0 0 75 95 0 | 0 115 2 1 135 I 36 0 - 0 96 116 i ..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ecomorph Convergence in Stick Insects (Phasmatodea) with Emphasis on the Lonchodinae of Papua New Guinea
    Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Theses and Dissertations 2018-07-01 Ecomorph Convergence in Stick Insects (Phasmatodea) with Emphasis on the Lonchodinae of Papua New Guinea Yelena Marlese Pacheco Brigham Young University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd Part of the Life Sciences Commons BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Pacheco, Yelena Marlese, "Ecomorph Convergence in Stick Insects (Phasmatodea) with Emphasis on the Lonchodinae of Papua New Guinea" (2018). Theses and Dissertations. 7444. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7444 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Ecomorph Convergence in Stick Insects (Phasmatodea) with Emphasis on the Lonchodinae of Papua New Guinea Yelena Marlese Pacheco A thesis submitted to the faculty of Brigham Young University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Michael F. Whiting, Chair Sven Bradler Seth M. Bybee Steven D. Leavitt Department of Biology Brigham Young University Copyright © 2018 Yelena Marlese Pacheco All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT Ecomorph Convergence in Stick Insects (Phasmatodea) with Emphasis on the Lonchodinae of Papua New Guinea Yelena Marlese Pacheco Department of Biology, BYU Master of Science Phasmatodea exhibit a variety of cryptic ecomorphs associated with various microhabitats. Multiple ecomorphs are present in the stick insect fauna from Papua New Guinea, including the tree lobster, spiny, and long slender forms. While ecomorphs have long been recognized in phasmids, there has yet to be an attempt to objectively define and study the evolution of these ecomorphs.
    [Show full text]
  • Phasmid Studies
    ISSN 0966-0011 PHASMID STUDIES. volume 13, numbers 1 & 2. September 2005. Editor: P.E. Bragg. Published by the Phasmid Study Group. Phasmid Studies ISSN 0966-0011 volume 13, numbers I & 2. Contents Phasmids from Sabah Robert Bradburne I A reassessment of some Bornean Lonchodinae and Aschiphasmalidae, with some lectotype designations, new synonyms, and the description of (WO new species P.E. Bragg ................ ........ .. 11 Hap/opus Burmeisler, 1838, replacement name for Aplopus Gray, 1835 (Phasmalodea). Oliver Zornpro ... .. 30 A new species of the genus Baculofraclum. the first record of the genus from Borneo. P.E. Bragg .. ............................. .. 31 Reviews and Abstracts Phasmid Abstracts 38 Cover illustration: Female Parafoxopsis kQrySll!.~ Gilmher, 1932 by r.E. Bragg. Br.dburn, R. (2005) Phasmid Studies, 13(1&2): \-10. - Phasmids from Sabah Robert Bradburne, 26 Royal Avenue, Tonbridge, Kent, TN9 208, UK. Abstract This paper describes a trip (Q six locations in Sabah, Borneo, during October 2003. A 101:11 of around 20 species of stick insects were found al four of these locations, including an undescribed species found at 3300m on Moum Kinabalu. The most commonly encountered species in the lowland forest were Lonchodes spp., Haaniella spp., and Asceles margarilatus. Key words Phasmida, Borneo, Sabah, Sukau, Kinabalu, Danum Valley, Haaniella, Asceles, Prosemoria, Necroscia, Presbistus, Carausius, PhellQcephoms, Dinophasmo. Introduction In October 2003 I travelled to Sabah in North Borneo to spend [WO weeks searching for the wildlife of the region. Our group stayed in six locations, four of which yielded many species of phasmid. The rainy season had started early and therefore it frequently rained all afternoon, and often into the night.
    [Show full text]
  • Belalong Forest: Anarchoides Iyralus (A Male) Was Taken on Bukit Belalong
    B A T R E 0 p I L C A A L L R A I By 0 N F Earl of Cranbrook 0 N R David SEdwards E G~ With other contributions by George Argent Charles M Francis Penroose Saleha Martin Barker Freddy Gathome-Hardy Axel Dalberg Poulsen Roger A Beaver David T lanes Klaus Riede Peter F Becker Kamariah Abu Salim Gaden S Robinson Peter S Bellwood Chris J Kofron Sheila M Ross Elizabeth L Bennett Ruth Levy David Roubik Webber E Booth A Q Malik Samhan Nyawa Philip E Bragg C1iveF Mann Martin Sands Dielrich Burkhardl Nick Mawdsley Haji Serudin Tinggal­ loe K Charles lason, Lord Medway Gavin C Smith Salish C Choy Tom C Mitchell Rowland Snazell Mark A Cook Jonathan Moran Brian M Spooner Ind rane iI Das D Neil Morgan Mary C Slockdale Martin Drake Ingrid de la Motte Peter Wilkie John Dransfield Mark Mulligan Yanilla Willcox Soejatmi Drullsfield Nico Nieser John TWills Alan P Dykes Alben G Orr Yong Nget Yung Peter P Eaton Colin A Pendry Twenty-nine species of Phasmida have been collected in the Belalong forest: Anarchoides Iyralus (a male) was taken on Bukit Belalong . In the daily cycle of changing sounds in the abdomen, and stabbing or pinching Belalong, many noises are produced by movements of the powerfully spined hind insects, their chief purposes to attract po­ legs. Two species of leaf insects (Phyllium) tential mates and/or advertise territory. recorded from Borneo produce sounds by Orthoptera: Many Orthoptera produce rubbing together the thickened third seg­ noises, using a great variety of sound­ ments of their antennae.
    [Show full text]
  • The Phasmid Study Group Newsletter No
    The Phasmid Study Group Newsletter No. 122 June 2010 ISSN 0268-3806 Male Brasidas foveolatus with spermatophores. PSG SUMMER MEETING, Saturday, 10th JULY 2010.........................................................................2 News, Information & Updates ......................................................................................................................3 The Committee..........................................................................................................................................3 Diary Dates................................................................................................................................................3 Articles, Reviews & Submissions.................................................................................................................3 Book Review: Big Bugs Life~size...........................................................................................................3 Book Announcement:................................................................................................................................4 Mantids of the Euro-Mediterranean Area .................................................................................................4 Culture survey 2010 ..................................................................................................................................5 Book Announcement: Silent Summer: The State of Wildlife in Britain and Ireland ..............................9 Spermatophores from PSG 301 Brasidas
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution of Flight Morphology in Stick Insects
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/774067; this version posted October 23, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 2 A tale of winglets: evolution of flight morphology in stick insects 3 4 Yu Zeng1,2,†, Conner O’Malley1, Sonal Singhal1,3, Faszly Rahim4,5, 5 Sehoon Park1, Xin Chen6,7, Robert Dudley1,8 6 7 1Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 92870, 8 USA 9 2Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA 10 92866, USA 11 3 Department of Biology, CSU Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA 90747 USA 12 4Islamic Science Institute, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 71800 Bandar Baru 13 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia 14 5Centre for Insect Systematics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, 15 Selangor, Malaysia 16 6Department of Biology, The College of Staten Island, The City University of New 17 York, NY 10314, USA 18 7Department of Biology, The Graduate School and University Center, The City 19 University of New York, NY 10016, USA 20 8Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, 21 Republic of Panama 22 23 †Corresponding author: [email protected] 24 25 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/774067; this version posted October 23, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.
    [Show full text]
  • Insect Egg Size and Shape Evolve with Ecology but Not Developmental Rate Samuel H
    ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1302-4 Insect egg size and shape evolve with ecology but not developmental rate Samuel H. Church1,4*, Seth Donoughe1,3,4, Bruno A. S. de Medeiros1 & Cassandra G. Extavour1,2* Over the course of evolution, organism size has diversified markedly. Changes in size are thought to have occurred because of developmental, morphological and/or ecological pressures. To perform phylogenetic tests of the potential effects of these pressures, here we generated a dataset of more than ten thousand descriptions of insect eggs, and combined these with genetic and life-history datasets. We show that, across eight orders of magnitude of variation in egg volume, the relationship between size and shape itself evolves, such that previously predicted global patterns of scaling do not adequately explain the diversity in egg shapes. We show that egg size is not correlated with developmental rate and that, for many insects, egg size is not correlated with adult body size. Instead, we find that the evolution of parasitoidism and aquatic oviposition help to explain the diversification in the size and shape of insect eggs. Our study suggests that where eggs are laid, rather than universal allometric constants, underlies the evolution of insect egg size and shape. Size is a fundamental factor in many biological processes. The size of an 526 families and every currently described extant hexapod order24 organism may affect interactions both with other organisms and with (Fig. 1a and Supplementary Fig. 1). We combined this dataset with the environment1,2, it scales with features of morphology and physi- backbone hexapod phylogenies25,26 that we enriched to include taxa ology3, and larger animals often have higher fitness4.
    [Show full text]
  • The Pregenital Abdominal Musculature in Phasmids and Its Implications for the Basal Phylogeny of Phasmatodea (Insecta: Polyneoptera) Rebecca Klugã, Sven Bradler
    ARTICLE IN PRESS Organisms, Diversity & Evolution 6 (2006) 171–184 www.elsevier.de/ode The pregenital abdominal musculature in phasmids and its implications for the basal phylogeny of Phasmatodea (Insecta: Polyneoptera) Rebecca KlugÃ, Sven Bradler Zoologisches Institut und Museum, Georg-August-Universita¨tGo¨ttingen, Berliner Str. 28, 37073 Go¨ttingen, Germany Received 7 June 2005; accepted 25 August 2005 Abstract Recently several conflicting hypotheses concerning the basal phylogenetic relationships within the Phasmatodea (stick and leaf insects) have emerged. In previous studies, musculature of the abdomen proved to be quite informative for identifying basal taxa among Phasmatodea and led to conclusions regarding the basal splitting events within the group. However, this character complex was not studied thoroughly for a representative number of species, and usually muscle innervation was omitted. In the present study the musculature and nerve topography of mid-abdominal segments in both sexes of seven phasmid species are described and compared in detail for the first time including all putative basal taxa, e.g. members of Timema, Agathemera, Phylliinae, Aschiphasmatinae and Heteropteryginae. The ground pattern of the muscle and nerve arrangement of mid-abdominal segments, i.e. of those not modified due to association with the thorax or genitalia, is reconstructed. In Timema, the inner ventral longitudinal muscles are present, whereas they are lost in all remaining Phasmatodea (Euphasmatodea). The ventral longitudinal muscles in the abdomen of Agathemera, which span the whole length of each segment, do not represent the plesiomorphic condition as previously assumed, but might be a result of secondary elongation of the external ventral longitudinal muscles.
    [Show full text]
  • Fam: Bacillidae, Suborden: Areolatae, Orden: Phasmida
    Fásmidos espinosos. La Familia Heteropterygidae ( orden: Phasmatodea, suborden: Areolatae, Zompro 2005) Por Sergi Romeu 1- Introducción: En esta familia Heteropterygidae encontramos los insectos más peculiares que podemos imaginarnos, llenos de espinas por todo el cuerpo y con un camuflaje de formas y colores típico del hábitat de sotobosque de las selvas húmedas. Hojas secas, líquenes, musgos, cortezas, pequeñas ramas, brotes, astillas...toman vida al intentar leerlos en este artículo. Principalmente estamos hablando de especies de distribución Asiática presentes en Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo y muchas otras islas de Indonesia. 2- Clasificación: Durante los últimos años, varios autores han estudiado la sistemática del orden phasmatodea. Principalmente se trata de revisiones teóricas, basadas en descripciones de los ejemplares tipo depositados en los museos de todo el mundo. Paul Brock trata el grupo que nos interesa dentro la familia Bacillidae, como una sub-familia llamada Heteropteryginae, dividiéndola a su vez en cuatro tribus: Datamini, Anisacanthini, Obrimini y Heteropterygini. La mayoría de especies de esta familia Bacillidae no tienen alas, exceptuando algunas especies con rudimentos alares o alas reducidas dentro de nuestra sub-familia Heteropteryginae. Desde la familia Bacillidae, la clave taxonómica para llegar a la sub-familia Heteropteryginae es según P. Brock (1999): - 1) Antena mas larga que el fémur delantero. Alados o sin alas, pero nunca presentes en África y Europa........................................................................................................................................................2
    [Show full text]
  • ©Zoologische Staatssammlung München;Download: Http
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Spixiana, Zeitschrift für Zoologie Jahr/Year: 1994 Band/Volume: 017 Autor(en)/Author(s): Carlberg Ulf Artikel/Article: Bibliography of Phasmida (Insecta). VII. 1985-1989 179- 191 ©Zoologische Staatssammlung München;download: http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.biologiezentrum.at SPIXIANA ©Zoologische Staatssammlung München;download: http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.biologiezentrum.at Allred, M. L., Stark, B. P. & Lentz, D. L. 1986. Egg capsule morphology of Anisomorpha buprestoides (Phasmatodea: Pseudophasmatidae). - Ent. News 97: 169-174 Baccetti, B. 1985. Evolution of the sperm cell. In: Metz, C. B. & Monroy, A. (Eds.), Biology of Fertilization, vol. 2, pp. 3-58. New York (Academic Press) - - 1987a. Spermatozoa and stick insect phylogeny. - In: Mazzini & Scali (Eds.) 1987: 177-123 - - (Ed.) 1987b. Evolutionary Biology of Orthopteroid Insects. Chichester (EUis Horwood), 1-612 pp. - - 1987c. Spermatozoa and phylogeny in orthopteroid insects. - In: Baccetti (Ed.) 1987c: 12-112 Bart, A. 1988. Proximal leg regeneration in Cmmisius morosus: growth, intercalation and proximaliza- tion. - Development 102: 71-84 Bässler, U. 1985. Proprioceptive control of stick insect Walking. - In: Gewecke & Wendler (Eds.) 1985: 43-48 - - 1986a. On the definition of central pattern generator and its sensory control. - Biol. Cybern. 54: 65-69 - - 1986b. Afferent control of Walking movements in the stick insect C/;n/af/fna impigra. 1. Decerebrated - 345-349 animals on a treadband. J. Comp Physiol. A 158: - - - 1986c. Ibid. 11. Reflex reversal and the release of the swing phase in the restrained foreleg. J. Comp. Physiol. A 158: 351-362 - - 1987a. Timing and shaping influences on the motor Output for Walking in stick insects.
    [Show full text]
  • As Pests of Agriculture and Forestry, with a Generalised Theory of Phasmid Outbreaks Edward Baker*
    Baker Agric & Food Secur (2015) 4:22 DOI 10.1186/s40066-015-0040-6 REVIEW Open Access The worldwide status of phasmids (Insecta: Phasmida) as pests of agriculture and forestry, with a generalised theory of phasmid outbreaks Edward Baker* Abstract Stick insects have been reported as significant phytophagous pests of agricultural and timber crops since the 1880s in North America, China, Australia and Pacific Islands. Much of the early literature comes from practical journals for farmers, and even twentieth Century reports can be problematic to locate. Unlike the plaguing Orthoptera, there has been no synthesis of the pest status of this enigmatic order of insects. This paper provides a literature synthesis of those species known to cause infestation or that are known to damage plants of economic importance; summarises historical and modern techniques for infestation management; and lists known organisms with potential for use as biological control agents. A generalised theory of outbreaks is presented and suggestions for future research efforts are made. Keywords: Pests, Infestation, Agriculture, Forestry Background a significant factor in the scale of phasmid outbreaks— in most species, females lay several hundred eggs [6]. In “The unexampled multiplication and destructive- addition, their wasteful eating habits [7] and their often ness of this insect at Esperance farm is but one of the rapid growth [8] means they consume a large quantity many illustrations of the fact, long since patent to all of vegetation [9]. Considerable efforts have been put close students of economic entomology, that species into controlling the three species of Australian phasmid normally harmless may suddenly become very inju- known to cause periodic infestation [10].
    [Show full text]
  • The Phasmid Study Group
    The Phasmid Study Group Chair: Mrs Judith Marshall Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD Treasurer/Membership: Paul Brock (Phone 0753-79447) "Papillon", 40 Thorndike Road, Slough, Berks SL2 1SR Secretary: Adrian Durkin (Phone 0562-882420) 8 Foley Road, Pedmore, Stourbridge, W. Midlands, DY9 ORT December 1990 NEWSLETTER NO. 45 ISSN 0268-3806 AGM REMINDER - 26th January 1991 in the Natural History Museum. Details enclosed. SECRETARY WANTED - This mainly entails drawing up agendas for committee and members' meetings, and recording decisions at the former for compiling the minutes. Would anyone willing to do this work please contact the Secretary or Chair (addresses above) before the AGM. Anyone wishing to stand for any other office/the committee please do likewise. LIVESTOCK COORDINATOR'S MESSAGES by Phil Bragg (No. 445) I'm finding myself too busy to pack and post surplus livestock, although I can still manage eggs. In addition I now keep very few of the common species. I have surplus eggs of PSG 106, but none of PSG 109 or 110. SPECIES LIST CHANGES by Phil Bragg (No. 445) PSG 90 has been named Parahyrtacus gorkomi Hausleithner, of the sub-family Lonchodinae. PSG 96 is a Staelonchodes Kirby sp., not a Menexenus Stal sp. The following 10 species have been added to the list, under the usual headings: 103. unidentified " THAI LAND 3" Necrosci i nae Thai land. S n u E. Ra. Ro. (41) r r-c B. 104. unidentified " THAI LAND 7" Necrosci i nae Thai l and. I L w B. E.
    [Show full text]
  • Egg Database Bibliography
    Egg Database Bibliography Samuel H. Church1;∗;y, Seth Donoughe1;2;∗, Bruno A. S. de Medeiros1, Cassandra G. Extavour1;3;y Note: This document is a list of the 1,756 published sources that were used to generate the assembled dataset of insect egg traits. ‘Diss.’ indicates a PhD dissertation, whereas ‘MA thesis’ indicates a Master’s thesis. For more information on the dataset, please see Church et al. 2018: “A database of egg size and shape from more than 6,700 insect species” (preprint). It describes the criteria that were used to include sources, definitions of each trait, and details on the procedure that was used to collect data from each source. References Abbassy, M. M., N. Helmy, M. Osman, S. E. Cope, and S. M. Presley. “Embryogenesis of the sand fly Phlebotomus pa- patasi (Diptera: Psychodidae): cell cleavage, blastoderm formation, and gastrulation”. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 88.6 (1995): 809–814. Abdel-Razak, S. I., S. M. Beshr, A. K. Mourad, and K. S. Moursi. “Ultrastructure of egg shell of four different Coccoidea species in Egypt”. Communications in Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences 73.3 (2007): 521– 527. Abdurahiman, U. C. and K. J. Joseph. “Observations on the biology and behaviour of Ceratosolen marchali Mayr (Agaonidae, Chalcidoidea, Hymenoptera)”. Entomon 1.2 (1976): 115–122. Abraham, Y. J., D. Moore, and G. Godwin. “Rearing and aspects of biology of Cephalonomia stephanoderis and Prorops nasuta (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) parasitoids of the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)”. Bulletin of Entomological Research 80.2 (1990): 121–128. Adamski, D., J.
    [Show full text]