About “Biccyu Kagura”
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Etiquette Inside the Jingu Precinct How to Worship Kami Naiku Is The
Kodenchi (Site of the previous sanctuary) 古殿地 Main sanctuary A divine palace of Amaterasu-Omikami stands here. The Holy Mirror (a symbol of Amaterasu-Omikami) is enshrined inside the main sacred palace at the innermost courtyard of the main sanctuary and the main palace is enclosed with four rows of Naiku is the most venerable sanctuary in Japan. Here is a jinja (Shinto shrine) wooden fences. Pilgrims usually worship the enshrined kami in dedicated to Amaterasu-Omikami, the ancestral kami (Shinto deity) of the Imperial front of the gate of the third row of the fence. family. She was enshrined in Naiku about 2,000 years ago and has been revered as a guardian of Japan. Aramatsuri-no-miya There are 14 superior affiliated jinja which are revered next to the main sanctuaries of Naiku and Geku in Jingu. This jinja occupies the highest rank among them and is dedicated to a vigorous spirit of Geheiden Amaterasu-Omikami. (outer treasury) One of the auxiliary jinja of Naiku to store harvested rice for 外幣殿 offering to kami in rituals. An architectural style of this jinja is similar to that of the main palace of the main sanctuary but smaller in size. It is said that the style of jinja in Jingu derived from rice granary Jingu is a sanctuary to pray for public of ancient Japan. happiness. If someone have personal wish, he or she can dedicate a prayer by offering kagura (ceremonial music Kazahinomi-no-miya Rest house for Pilgrims. and dance) to kami of Jingu. Amulets Souvenirs and drink vending One of the superior affiliated jinja dedicated to a couple of Jingu can be obtained here. -
In Silent Homage to Amaterasu: Kagura Secret Songs at Ise Jingū and the Imperial Palace Shrine
In Silent Homage to Amaterasu: Kagura Secret Songs at Ise Jingū and the Imperial Palace Shrine in Modern and Pre-modern Japan Michiko Urita A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2017 Reading Committee: Patricia Shehan Campbell, Chair Jeffrey M. Perl Christina Sunardi Paul S. Atkins Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Music ii ©Copyright 2017 Michiko Urita iii University of Washington Abstract In Silent Homage to Amaterasu: Kagura Secret Songs at Ise Jingū and the Imperial Palace Shrine in Modern and Pre-modern Japan Michiko Urita Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor Patricia Shehan Campbell Music This dissertation explores the essence and resilience of the most sacred and secret ritual music of the Japanese imperial court—kagura taikyoku and kagura hikyoku—by examining ways in which these two songs have survived since their formation in the twelfth century. Kagura taikyoku and kagura hikyoku together are the jewel of Shinto ceremonial vocal music of gagaku, the imperial court music and dances. Kagura secret songs are the emperor’s foremost prayer offering to the imperial ancestral deity, Amaterasu, and other Shinto deities for the well-being of the people and Japan. I aim to provide an understanding of reasons for the continued and uninterrupted performance of kagura secret songs, despite two major crises within Japan’s history. While foreign origin style of gagaku was interrupted during the Warring States period (1467-1615), the performance and transmission of kagura secret songs were protected and sustained. In the face of the second crisis during the Meiji period (1868-1912), which was marked by a threat of foreign invasion and the re-organization of governance, most secret repertoire of gagaku lost their secrecy or were threatened by changes to their traditional system of transmissions, but kagura secret songs survived and were sustained without losing their iv secrecy, sacredness, and silent performance. -
The Story of IZUMO KAGURA What Is Kagura? Distinguishing Features of Izumo Kagura
The Story of IZUMO KAGURA What is Kagura? Distinguishing Features of Izumo Kagura This ritual dance is performed to purify the kagura site, with the performer carrying a Since ancient times, people in Japan have believed torimono (prop) while remaining unmasked. Various props are carried while the dance is that gods inhabit everything in nature such as rocks and History of Izumo Kagura Shichiza performed without wearing any masks. The name shichiza is said to derive from the seven trees. Human beings embodied spirits that resonated The Shimane Prefecture is a region which boasts performance steps that comprise it, but these steps vary by region. and sympathized with nature, thus treasured its a flourishing, nationally renowned kagura scene, aesthetic beauty. with over 200 kagura groups currently active in the The word kagura is believed to refer to festive prefecture. Within Shimane Prefecture, the regions of rituals carried out at kamikura (the seats of gods), Izumo, Iwami, and Oki have their own unique style of and its meaning suggests a “place for calling out and kagura. calming of the gods.” The theory posits that the word Kagura of the Izumo region, known as Izumo kamikuragoto (activity for the seats of gods) was Kagura, is best characterized by three parts: shichiza, shortened to kankura, which subsequently became shikisanba, and shinno. kagura. Shihoken Salt—signifying cleanliness—is used In the first stage, four dancers hold bells and hei (staffs with Shiokiyome paper streamers), followed by swords in the second stage of Sada Shinno (a UNESCO Intangible Cultural (Salt Purification) to purify the site and the attendees. -
Examining Japan's Kagura Dance Form
International Journal of Cultural and Digital Tourism Volume 5, Spring 2018 Copyright © IACUDIT ISSN (Online): 2241-9705 ISSN (Print): 2241-973X Traditional Performing Arts as a Regional Resource: Examining Japan’s Kagura Dance Form Kenta Yamamoto 1* 1* Kokugakuin University, Japan Abstract This article focuses on Kagura, a traditional Japanese dance form mainly practiced in rural Japan. This article throws light on how each community in the peripheral regions of Japan views this dance form. By doing so, we also focus on how regional cultural resources contribute to regional sustainability in these areas. Regional cultural resources are often viewed as tourism resources—that is, they are used to boost tourism. However, some of the cases considered in this paper show that regional cultural resources can be used in other manners. In other words, these cases show that tourism is not the only way to sustain regional cultures. The findings presented in this article pertain to the broader question of how to properly implement a culture- based sustainable regional development plan. The findings and suggestions presented in this article can be applied to other contexts also. Keywords: tradition, the tourists’ gaze, Japan, rural areas, cultural resources, community JEL Classification: P25, R11 1. Introduction This article throws light on the ways in which Japan’s declining birth rate and growing elderly population impact the cultural resources of its peripheral regions. This article also focuses on the broader question of how to properly implement a culture-based sustainable regional development plan to develop regional resources and revitalize and preserve traditional communities. Following the Second World War, Japan experienced a steady wave of urbanization. -
Creating Modern Japanese Subjects: Morning Rituals from Norito to News and Weather
religions Article Creating Modern Japanese Subjects: Morning Rituals from Norito to News and Weather Wilburn Hansen Department of Religious Studies, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, CA 92182-6062, USA; [email protected] Academic Editor: Lawrence W. Snyder Received: 8 November 2015; Accepted: 4 February 2016; Published: 11 March 2016 Abstract: This original research on Restoration Shinto Norito seeks to explain the rhetorical devices used in the composition of a morning prayer ritual text. The nativist scholar, Hirata Atsutane, crafted this ritual to create a Japanese imperial subject with a particular understanding of native identity and national unity, appropriate to the context of a Japan in the shadow of impending modernity and fear of Western domination. The conclusions drawn concerning Hirata’s rhetoric are meant to inform our understanding of the technique and power of the contemporary Japanese morning television viewing ritual used to create post-modern Japanese citizens with an identity and unity appropriate to a global secular context. Keywords: Hirata Atsutane; Restoration Shinto; religious ritual; Norito; modernity; identity construction; NHK 1. Introduction This article is an attempt to explicate modern Japanese identity by examining in detail a Shinto morning Norito, a prayer ritual that originated in the 19th century just a few decades before the vaunted modernization and Westernization that occurred after American ships forced the opening of Japan in 1854. Morning prayer rituals are still conducted today by practitioners of the several forms of Japanese Buddhism, Shinto, and New Religions; of course, the complexity and level of focus and dedication depend upon the individual practitioner, as well as the demands of the tradition being practiced. -
Music of the Lion Dance in Japanese Tradition*
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Repository of the Academy's Library Music of the Lion Dance in Japanese Tradition* János KÁRPÁTI Budapest The lion dance is one of the most popular momentum of kagura ceremonies and folk feasts, the matsuris, which can be performed inside the shrines just as much as on nearby stages or in the area in front of the shrines. The word shishi itself means “lion”, people do not recall the real animal, but rather the image of the mythical creature. Lions have never lived in Japan, and they used to exist only in the southern regions of China. Besides the zoomorphic mythical creatures of the dragon and the phoenix, it was the tiger that first be- came the subject of cultic respect in China: it was worshipped as the king of the animals and the enemy of demons. According to the records of the Cere- monies (Li-ch’i), the classical book of Confucianists, separate offering was given to the honour of the tiger during the autumn feasts. The cult of the lion spread in China quite late along with Buddhism and it must have reached Korea and Japan by the transmission of Buddhist mythology. It was not only religion that had an intermediary role in that, but the practice of court music. Since the Japanese imperial court adopted the praxis of the Chinese Tang-court to its own environment, it also emulated the mo- ments that are especially important now as the proofs of the lion cult. -
Amaterasu-Ōmikami (天照大御神), in His Quest to Slay the Eight-Headed Serpent Demon Yamata-No-Orochi (八岐大蛇) in Izumo Province (出雲国)
Northeast Asian Shamanism 神道, 신도, 御嶽信仰, 神教, & ᡝᡝᡝᡝ ‘Lady’ Minami “Danni” Kurosaki (黒崎美波、お巫女様) ⛩ My Personal History & Involvement The Kurosaki Clan (黒崎の一族) ● Our earliest ancestor was directly involved with assisting the warrior god Susanō-no-Mikoto (須佐之 男命), the disgraced brother of sun goddess Amaterasu-Ōmikami (天照大御神), in his quest to slay the eight-headed serpent demon Yamata-no-Orochi (八岐大蛇) in Izumo Province (出雲国) ● Since then, the Kurosaki clan has been one of a few influential families in the history of Shintoism throughout Ancient and Feudal Japan ● We are a part of the Ten Sacred Treasures (十種の神宝) of Japanese history; our treasure that was offered to Susanō is the Dragon-repelling Shawl (大蛇ノ比礼) Inheritance of Kannushi/Miko-ship ● Because of our family’s status in traditional Japan after that event, heirship and training is passed down through the branches of the family on who will be the next Danshi kannushi (男子神主, Male Priest), Joshi kannushi (女子神主, Female Priestess), Miko (巫女, Female Shaman/Shrine Maiden) or Danfu (男巫, Male Shaman/Shrine Valet) in that generational line ● Not all kannushi and miko come from a long family line - anyone can be a part of the Shintō clergy granted they apply and go through proper training! ● I belong to a branch of the family, and as the oldest child in my generational line, I am next to succeed the title of (matriarch/patriarch) for my immediate family ● The current matriarch of our entire the clan is Miu Kurosaki, and the current matriarch of my direct immediate family is Hikaru Kurosaki (Luz -
An Otogizdshi in Context Saru No Soshi and the Hie-Enryaku-Ji Religious Multiplex in the Late Sixteenth Century
Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 1996 23/1-2 An Otogizdshi in Context Saru no soshi and the Hie-Enryaku-ji Religious Multiplex in the Late Sixteenth Century Lone T a k e u c h i This article presents a multiple reading of Saru no soshi; as a piece of lighthearted entertainment describing the marriage of the daughter of the monkey head~priest of Hiyoshi Shrine to a monkey from Yokawa; as an exposition of religious beliefs symbolizing the union of buddhas and Kami in the Sanno deity; and as a ritual representing a sequence of ceremonies belonging to the contemporary Yayoi sairei. It is suggested that the pro duction o/Saru no soshi reflects and may indeed have been directly occa sioned by the vigorous reconstruction efforts at Hiyoshi Shrine, led by the head priest Hafuribe Yukimaru,following the shrine’s destruction by Oda Nobunaga in 1571. Saru no 猿の早卞1 [Opusculum about monkeys] is one of several hundred fourteenth- to seventeenth-century short narratives, often illustrated, that are known as otogizdshi 御伽早子 (companion tales), Nam ehon 奈 良 絵 本 (illustrated books from Nara), Muromachi mono- 室 町 物 語 (Muromachi [period] tales), or chusei shosetsu 中世小説 (medieval short stories). The multiple designations reflect past ten- dences either to reduce the narratives to rairy tales for women and children (thus the Edo-period connotation of otogizdshi) or to focus on only their text or their pictures (e.e., chusei shosetsu) . Recent research, however, generally aerees that most otogizdshi were situated at the interface of entertainment and religious ritual, that they were 1 Unless specified otherwise, references to Saru no soshi are to the annotated edition by Sawai Taizo (1987) in the SNKBT edition. -
Japanese Myths and Rituals
97 Association of the Sun and the Rice in Japanese Myths and Rituals Atsuhiko Yoshida Key words:myth, ritual, Shinto, Amaterasu, Izanagi, Mikuratananokami, Susanowo, Ukemochi, Tsukiyomi, Okuninushi, Hononinigi, Amenouzume, Toyouke, Tent6, Daij6sai, Ise, A Izumo, Takachiho, Tsushim3. Summary:The Sun-goddess Amaterasu, being the supreme deity of Shintδ, is closely associated also with the rice crop throughout the mythology as well as in her cult celebrated at the Inner and Outer Shrines of Ise. She even obviously shows some of the characteristic traits common to the rice deities of the East Asian rice cultivators. A similar tendency to connect a solar deity with the rice is found also in folk beliefs and lores all around Japan;one of the conspicuous examples being the Tent6 festival of the island of Tstlshima, in which a straw bag containing grains of a special kind of holy red rice is most solemnly reverenced as an incarnation of a solar deity. The most prominent figure of Japanese mythology is the resplendent Sun-goddess Amatera- su(Glorious-Shiner-of-Heaven). She is claimed to be the divine ancestress of the Imperial Family and to rule universe sovereignly and magnanimously from her realm, the Plain of High Heaven(Takamagahara), where eight millions of celestial deities submit themselves willingly to her command. According to one version of the myth, she is one of the three last born and noblest children of her divine father, Izanagi. This god was sent down in primor・ dial times from Heaven with his sister, the goddess Izanami, who became -
Talismans and Amulets in the Japanese Collection1
ANNALS OF THE NÁPRSTEK MUSEUM 35/1 • 2014 • (p. 39–68) TALISMANS AND AMULETS IN THE JAPANESE COLLECTION1 Alice Kraemerová2 ABSTRACT: This article describes all types of amulets and talismans present in the Náprstek Museum Japanese collection and uncovers their symbolic meaning. These are mostly talismans from shrines and temples dating to the beginning of the 20th century, traditional hand-crafted items from famous places of pilgrimage and toys used as talismans. KEY WORDS: Japan – Buddhist temple – Shintǀ shrine – shamanism – talisman – amulet– ofuda – ema – omamori – collecting – Náprstek Museum of Asian, African and American Cultures (Prague) 1. Defining terminology Amulet is considered to have protective or otherwise salutary effects while talisman primarily attracts fortune. Various authors describe different classifications of amulets and talismans according to their functional principles: homeopathic principle, contact principle, the principle of the magic of the written word, principle of colour magic, the principle of magic substances, the principle of the personifies higher power and the combinatorial principle (Nuska 2012). In this article we shall not use this division as for such a detailed analysis it would be necessary to acknowledge all types of amulets and talismans, not just those collected by the Czech travellers and brought into the NpM collections. Most of the available literature deals with the European view on amulets and talismans; the furthest it gets is the Near East. The Far East is usually not that well mapped due to the geographical distance and the language barrier. For the Japanese talismans, there are several often used terms: mayoke (㨱 㝖ࡅ) or yakuyoke (གྷ㝖ࡅ), omamori (࠾Ᏺࡾ) and ofuda (ᚚᮐ) or gofu (ㆤ➢). -
Fusō Gobusshin Ron
FUSŌ GOBUSSHIN RON - ENGLISH TRANSLATION – - Fascicle 1 - Translation Treatise on Japan's Protecting Buddha's and Gods - Preface. Anciently, the Great Priest Furi Qisong1 (1007-1072) hid himself near the West Lake for thirty years. Broadly he perused the instructions from Lu2, widely he searched the Indian scriptures, and he wrote down [his findings] in Fujiaobian 輔教編 ("Compilation in aid of the Teaching") and Fei Han 非韓3 ("Refuting Han [Yu]"), thirty chapters in all. He came to the aid of the teachings of Śākya[muni, which] were already on the verge of collapsing. I was forced to withdraw4 to the village Nanmoku,5 [where] I 1 Song Mingjiao dashi is the Chinese priest Furi Qisong 佛日契嵩, a.k.a. Mingjiao-dashi. (N.B. The Japanese pronunciation of the name 契嵩 is "Kaisū.") Amongst other things, he was an exponent of the sanjiao heyi 三教合一 ("Unity of the Three Teachings"). Bussho kaisetsu daijiten lists six titles under his name. 2 The words "the instructions of Lu" are evidently opposed to the words "Indian scriptures," i.e. Buddhist texts. The same applies to the seven loci one can find through the "SAT Daizōkyō Text Database"; here, too, the words are opposed to zhufen 竺墳, (six times) and shidian 釋典 (one time). The term evidently refers to the Confucian corpus (perhaps to Lunyu?). The compound is not listed in Morohashi, 3 Both in Fujiaobian (3 fasc.) and in Fei Han, Qisong takes a non-exclusivist position towards Confucianism and Taoism. N.B. For the change of the characters in the titles, see Honkoku, note 1. -
1/2 Saitama Traditional Performing Arts Festival: the World of Washinomiya Saibara Kagura and Kumagaya Kabuki
Saitama Traditional Performing Arts Festival: The World of Washinomiya Saibara Kagura and Kumagaya Kabuki Date and Time January 17, 2016 (Sunday); 13:00~16:00 (venue opens at 12:30) Venue Saitama Arts Theater Main Theater Performers Kawakado Shishimai Association (shishimai dance troupe, Moroyama Town) Kumagaya Kabuki Association (kabuki troupe, Kumagaya City) Washinomiya Saibara Kagura Association (kagura troupe, Kuki City) Program Opening Performance: Shishimai (Lion Dance) (Performers: Kawakado Shishimai Association, Moroyama) The shishimai, or lion dance, is a traditional dance performed to pray for tranquility and drive away evil spirits. Performers wear masks depicting lions and other animals. The Kawakado Shishimai The Kawakado Shishimai is a type of lion dance performed at Hachiman Shrine in the Kawakado area of Moroyama Town. Elementary school students dance the parts of the red female lion, the purple androgynous lion, and the light blue-green male lion. Second Performance: Kabuki (Performers: Kumagaya Kabuki Association, Kumagaya) The Kumagaya Kabuki Association The Kumagaya Kabuki Association was established in 1996 with the support of the Ogano Kabuki Association by residents who wanted to perform kabuki with Kumagaya connections. The Kumagai Jin'ya Kabuki Scene (Background Summary) The setting is Kumagai Jirō Naozane's encampment near Suma-no-Ura just after the Battle of Ichi-no-Tani during the Genpei War. The stonecutter Midaroku has been discussing the gravestone he built for Taira no Atsumori with Kajiwara no Kagetaka, who serves the Minamoto clan, rivals of the Taira. Naozane's wife Sagami (mother of Kojirō) and Fuji-no-Kata (mother of Atsumori), worried for their children, arrive at Naozane's encampment.