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CENTER FOR ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY EARLY ACHIEVEMENTS & LESSONS LEARNED Michael R. Bloomberg Mayor EARLY ACHIEVEMENTS & LESSONS LEARNED Table of Contents Letter from Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg Letter from Deputy Mayor Linda Gibbs Letter from CEO Executive Director Veronica White I. Executive Summary 1 II. Innovative Programs 7 III. Monitoring and Evaluation 25 IV. Public Policy 33 V. Opportunity NYC 41 VI. Poverty Measurement 53 VII. Lessons Learned and Early Outcomes 63 Appendices: A. Program Review Summaries 75 B. Partners 141 January 2009 T HE C ITY OF N EW Y ORK O FFICE OF THE M AYOR N EW Y ORK,NY10007 Dear Friends: We launched the Center for Economic Opportunity (CEO) in 2006 as an innovation lab to test a diverse new generation of anti-poverty programs. CEO aims to help break cycles of intergenerational poverty, an enormous challenge that will only grow harder during the economic downturn that is upon us. But we will not abandon the promising progress we have made in rewarding personal initiative and reaffirming hope. From the beginning, we have known that there are no short-term solutions to poverty. But over the long-term, government policies can help drive standards of living to new heights – if we confront problems traditionally associated with poverty, including: unemployment, teen pregnancy, early education difficulties, poor housing conditions, low high school graduation rates, and poor access to regular health care. In New York City, CEO’s innovative new initiatives are helping us make great strides in these important areas, and across America, other cities and states are also making progress. But the work has only just begun – not only in implementing programs, but also in rigorously evaluating their effectiveness. By keeping our focus on innovation and accountability, we can continue making the fight against poverty more effective than ever. That is CEO’s ambitious goal, and we will continue doing everything we can to help more New Yorkers break the cycle of poverty and redeem the promise of the American dream. Sincerely, Michael R. Bloomberg Mayor ince Mayor Bloomberg established the Center for Economic Opportunity, we’ve moved swiftlyS to implement an innovative anti-poverty strategy for New York City. In partnership and consultation with countless individuals and organizations – not only here in New York City but world-wide – CEO is taking a results-driven and pragmatic approach to our goal of breaking cycles of poverty. We’ve piloted a wide array of programs that maximize the power of City agencies and have broken down silos that often exist in government’s traditional approach to fighting poverty. CEO projects include rigorous monitoring and evaluation. After one full year of program implemen- tation we are garnering valuable outcome data. This is the objective evidence that will shape our decision making going forward and tell us where we should continue, replicate or eliminate pro- grams. The Mayor is the champion of bringing this data driven approach to government and our anti-poverty work and CEO has brought new energy and accountability to the table. Now more than ever, as we face a downturn in the economy, it is critical to focus on outcomes and performance. We are proud of our accomplishments to date; and eager to move forward with valuable new insight, share our early successes and rethink the projects that have not met our high standards. I offer great thanks to Veronica White and her dedicated CEO staff, to all our partner City agencies, and to the many individuals and organizations that help us each day to see the forest through the trees. Our work is far from done. But, it is only by working closely together, delving into the data and being open to the newest ideas that we will be able to reach our shared goal of making progress in the fight against poverty. Linda I. Gibbs Deputy Mayor for Health and Human Services he current recession means that job insecurity and hardship threaten more New Yorkers and increaseT the need for effective anti-poverty programs. Two of the Center for Economic Opportunity’s (CEO) key populations – the working poor and young adults at risk – are particu- larly vulnerable to job loss and the City’s shrinking labor market. CEO’s strategic focus on employment, education, and access to work supports is being put to the test in this new context. Several CEO programs are already being expanded in response to the City’s economic downturn. It will be harder to demonstrate success in this economy – but CEO believes its mission and approach remain as vital as ever. This year, we achieved several major accomplishments. Our new poverty measure is a useful tool for policy making and several programs have met ambitious performance targets and appear to be successful models. CEO initiatives have moved parents into stable careers and families out of poverty, helped young people get their GEDs and transition into college, and engaged at-risk youth in community service. As we developed our initiatives we looked to the experience of others – such as Mexico’s Oportunidades, MDRC’s Work Advancement and Support Centers, and the Civic Justice Corps from Bend, Oregon. Now CEO is in position to share our program models and lessons learned so that our successes can be replicated. The poverty measure is a good example of this and new Federal legislation based on the CEO measure stands a good chance of changing how poverty is measured in the country. CEO has become a nationally recognized research and development laboratory for testing new anti-poverty strategies. We are up to the challenge and look forward to reporting our results. Veronica White Executive Director Nurse Family Partnership participant and her child E PROGRAM ACCOMPLISHMENTS XECUTIVE To date, CEO has implemented a diverse array of pro- grams aimed at its three target populations: working poor, young adults, and young children. These pro- grams are closely monitored and rigorously evaluat- Executive S ed by a combination of City agencies, a CEO moni- toring and evaluation team, and independent, exter- UMMARY Summary nal evaluation firms. For the majority of programs it is still too soon to Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg created the New York judge whether they are successful. For example, the City Center for Economic Opportunity (CEO) in random assignment evaluation of CEO’s conditional December 2006 to implement New York City’s ambi- cash transfer project, Opportunity NYC, will take five tious and innovative anti-poverty strategy. Since then, CEO has launched a range of new anti-poverty programs, policy proposals and research projects that represent nationwide best practices and cutting The thing that makes me most proud is the edge ideas to make an impact where traditional fact that my daughter can now say, ‘My methods have failed. mom is a nurse.’ The Center’s research and development activities – Vanessa McAlmon, LPN Program graduate focus on several areas including: the design, imple- mentation, and evaluation of innovative programs, the creation of an alternative measure of poverty for Our History New York City, and piloting the nation’s first condi- tional cash transfer program, Opportunity NYC. Mayor Bloomberg made poverty a priority early in his second term. First term accomplishments, CEO’s strategic approach involves: such as the City’s recovery from recession and the World Trade Center terrorist attacks, along with • Breaking the cycle of intergenerational poverty public education reforms and affordable housing by investing in human capital development. and community development investments set the stage for a focused poverty agenda. • Giving the working poor a toolbox of programs and supports that will help them move up the The Mayor appointed a Commission for economic ladder and out of poverty for the Economic Opportunity in March 2006 – chaired long term. by business and civic leaders Richard Parsons • Offeringyouthwhoareoutofschoolandun- and Geoffrey Canada. The Commission’s man- employed, and those who have a history of date was to focus on programs that reward incarceration, better chances to gain the skills employment and educational attainment and and work experience they need to succeed. have demonstrable results. The Commission facilitated an inclusive process and issued its • Intervening early in the lives of children age report in September 2006. The report recom- 0-5 to break cycles of poverty. mended that the City focus on three populations with high degrees of poverty: the working poor, • Breaking down silos within government to young adults, and young children. Together promote new ways of collaborating, increasing these groups represent approximately half of all efficiency, and making better use of limited New Yorkers in poverty. resources. The City established the Center for Economic • Using data and evaluation to improve programs Opportunity in December 2006 and the Mayor and allocate resources based on measurable issued an Executive Order on behalf of CEO on results. June 13, 2008.. The Center is led by Executive Director Veronica M. White. • Sharing lessons learned and advocating on a national level for strategies shown to make a difference. Center for Economic Opportunity 1 years to complete.1 However, some programs are Workforce development initiatives that support structured to yield significant short-term outcomes – training, job retention and career advancement are PPORTUNITY and we are proud to announce a few early successes. essential for providing low-income workers with O opportunities to improve their skills and increase Selected accomplishments: earnings. CEO programs have prepared and placed participants into jobs and careers. Asset DevelopmentExec and Tax Credits are key tools in helping low income families gain the support they • In its first year, the Community Based Organiza- need to move out of poverty.S Severalu CEO initiatives tion (CBO) Outreach initiative placed more than CONOMIC are demonstrating a positive impact in this area.