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UK Water Privatisation – a Briefing

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UK Water Privatisation – a Briefing Public Services International Research Unit (PSIRU) UK Water privatisation – a briefing February 2001 by Emanuele Lobina, Research fellow, PSIRU, University of Greenwich; and Consultant in Globalisation, Water Supply and Sanitation, Arezzo, Italy And David Hall, Senior Research Fellow, PSIRU, University of Greenwich This report was partly financed by the Canadian Union of Public Employees (CUPE) UK water privatisation 25/06/01 Public Services International Research Unit (PSIRU) School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, University of Greenwich 30 Park Row London SE10 9LS U.K. Email: [email protected] Tel: +44-(0)208-331-9933 Fax: +44 (0)208-331-7781 www.psiru.org Emanuele Lobina via Kennedy 101, 52100 Arezzo, Italy Tel/Fax: +39 0575 908460 Email: [email protected] Director: David Hall Researchers: Kate Bayliss, Steve Davies, Emanuele Lobina, Sam Weinstein The PSIRU was set up in 1998 to carry out empirical research into privatisation, public services, and globalisation. It is part of the School of Computing and Mathematics in the University of Greenwich, London. PSIRU’s research is centered around the maintenance of an extensive and regularly updated database of information on the economic, political, financial, social and technical experience with privatisation and restructuring of public services worldwide. This core database is finananced by Public Services International (PSI), the worldwide confederation of public service trade unions. www.world-psi.org © Unless otherwise stated, this report is the copyright of the PSIRU and the organisations which commissioned and/or financed it _____________________________________________________________________________ PSIRU www.psiru.org Page - 2 - UK water privatisation 25/06/01 1. Background and structure of privatisation in 1989 ........................................................ 5 1.1. The history of the water industry in the UK.............................................................................5 1.2. The background to the Thatcher privatisation.......................................................................5 1.3. Private regional monopolies.............................................................................................................5 ♦ Table 1: Regional water and sewerage companies created in 1989 ........................................6 1.4. Government subsidies.........................................................................................................................6 1.5. Regulation..................................................................................................................................................6 1.6. Image and reputation...........................................................................................................................7 2. Economic performance ..................................................................................................................... 7 2.1. Price increases.........................................................................................................................................7 2.1. A. Price changes ...........................................................................................................................................................7 ♦ Table: Average annual water bills, by company.........................................................................7 2.1. B. Profits as fastest growing component .....................................................................................................8 ♦ Figure 2: Components of the average household bill 1991–2004 ...........................................8 2.1. C. Operating costs: unexpected savings?.....................................................................................................9 ♦ Figure 4: Comparison of actual and projected total operating expenditure ...........................9 2.1. D. Capital expenditure: overestimated ...........................................................................................................9 ♦ Figure 6: Total capital maintenance expenditure ................................................................... 10 2.2. Investment..............................................................................................................................................10 2.2. A. Inadequate investment and regulation .................................................................................................10 2.2. B. Cut investment to maintain dividends ..................................................................................................11 2.2. C. Sewers maintenance .........................................................................................................................................11 ♦ Table: Sewers and investment .................................................................................................. 12 2.3. Profits .......................................................................................................................................................13 ♦ Pre-tax profits of water and sewerage companies in England and Wales: ............................ 13 2.3. B. Excessive profit margins by international standards ..................................................................13 ♦ Table: Comparative profit margins .......................................................................................... 14 2.4. Excess management remuneration............................................................................................14 ♦ Table: Remuneration of the Highest Paid Director: £ thousands, cash ................................ 15 ♦ Table: Remuneration of the Highest Paid Director: £ thousands, real (adjusted to 1997/98 prices)15 2.5. International efficiency comparisons .......................................................................................15 ♦ Table: Water costs comparison between Swedish and English cities, 1995 ......................... 16 ♦ Table: Public sector Scotland and privatised England and Wales .......................................... 16 2.6. The costs of diversification: write-offs in UK and overseas..........................................16 ♦ Table: Write-offs by UK water companies ................................................................................ 17 _____________________________________________________________________________ PSIRU www.psiru.org Page - 3 - UK water privatisation 25/06/01 2.7. Employment falls.................................................................................................................................17 ♦ Table : Overall fall in employment, water and sewerage, 1990-1999................................... 18 3. Social exclusion...................................................................................................................................19 3.1. Disconnections and company policies .....................................................................................19 3.2. Disconnections and public health ..............................................................................................19 3.3. Pre-payment meters...........................................................................................................................20 3.4. Disconnections and pre-payment meters made illegal....................................................20 4. Service delivery ...................................................................................................................................20 4.1. Market failure: no incentive to improve efficiency or reduce leakage.....................20 4.2. Droughts..................................................................................................................................................21 4.3. Leakage, low pressure and interruptions...............................................................................21 ♦ Table: Leakage rates ................................................................................................................. 22 4.4. Sewer flooding......................................................................................................................................22 4.5. Water quality .........................................................................................................................................22 4.6. Environment and pollution.............................................................................................................23 ♦ Table: Pollution incidents involving the wastewater companies............................................ 23 4.6. B. OFWAT lack of responsibility......................................................................................................................24 5. Restructuring of the industry .....................................................................................................24 5.1. Ownership and takeovers...............................................................................................................24 ♦ Ownership of Water and sewerage companies ...................................................................... 25 ♦ Ownership of Water-only companies........................................................................................ 25 5.2. Recent proposals to go mutual....................................................................................................25 5.2. A. Kelda propose ‘mutualisation’ – rejected.............................................................................................26
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