Berthold Goldschmidts Opern Im Kontext Von Musik- Und Zeitgeschichte

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Berthold Goldschmidts Opern Im Kontext Von Musik- Und Zeitgeschichte Barbara Busch Berthold Goldschmidts Opern im Kontext von Musik- und Zeitgeschichte Bibliotheks- und Informationssystem der Universität Oldenburg 2000 6 · Meinen Großmüttern Gertrud Busch und Agnes Hoberg gewidmet © Copyright 2000 by Bibliotheks- und Informationssystem der Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg Verlag/Druck/Vertrieb: Bibliotheks- und Informationssystem der Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg (BIS-Verlag), Postfach 2541, 26015 Oldenburg Tel.: 0441/798 2261, Telefax: 0441/7984040 Email: [email protected] Satz, Reproduktionen und Notengraphik: Wolfgang Strelow, Wilhelmshaven Alle Rechte vorbehalten. Dieses Werk einschließlich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung außerhalb des Urheberrechtsgesetzes ist ohne Zustimmung des Verlags unzulässig und strafbar. Das gilt insbesondere für Vervielfältigungen, Übersetzungen, Mikroverfilmungen so- wie für die Einspeicherung und Verarbeitung in elektronischen Systemen. ISBN 3-8142-0747-5 Oldenburgische Beiträge zu Jüdischen Studien Band 8 2 · Mit der Schriftenreihe „Oldenburgische Beiträge zu Jüdischen Studien“ ist ein junger, interdisziplinär ausgerichteter Forschungszweig der Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg an die Öffentlichkeit getreten. In Anlehnung an die Ge- genstände des Studienganges Jüdische Studien wird der Versuch unternommen, den Beiträgen des Judentums zur deutschen und europäischen Kultur ein Fo- rum zu bieten. Unterschiedliche Themenkomplexe sollen vorgestellt werden, die sich mit Geschichte, Politik und Gesellschaft des Judentums von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart beschäftigen. Ein weiteres Hauptgewicht liegt auf der bibli- schen und nachbiblischen Religion. Ergänzend werden Forschungsergebnisse präsentiert, die sich mit jüdischer Kunst, Literatur, Musik, Erziehung und Wis- senschaft beschäftigen. Diese unterschiedlichen Bereiche befassen sich mit regionalen Fragen, soweit sie das Verhältnis der Gesellschaft zur altisraelischen bzw. jüdischen Religion und Kultur berühren, den Antisemitismus behandeln, ganz allgemein über Ju- den in der Nordwest-Region informieren oder hier die Vernichtung und Vertrei- bung in der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus thematisieren. Viele Informationen darüber sind nach wie vor unberührt in den Aktenbeständen der Archive oder noch unentdeckt in privaten Sammlungen und persönlichen Erinnerungen ent- halten. Diese Dokumente sind eng mit den Schicksalen von Personen verbun- den. Sie und die Lebensbedingungen der jüdischen Familien und Institutionen für die wissenschaftliche Geschichtsschreibung zu erschließen, darin sehen wir eine wichtige Aufgabe, der wir mit der hier vorgestellten Schriftenreihe dienen möchten. Die Herausgeber · 3 Oldenburgische Beiträge zu Jüdischen Studien Schriftenreihe des Seminars Jüdische Studien im Fachbereich 3 der Carl von Ossietzky Universität Band 8 Herausgeber Aron Bodenheimer, Michael Daxner Kurt Nemitz, Alfred Paffenholz Friedrich Wißmann (Redaktion) mit dem Vorstand des Seminars Jüdische Studien und dem Dekan des Fachbereichs 3 Berthold Goldschmidt während der Vorbereitungen der szenischen Aufführung des Gewaltigen Hahnrei im September 1994 an der Komischen Oper Berlin © Arwid Lagenpusch, Berlin Barbara Busch Berthold Goldschmidts Opern im Kontext von Musik- und Zeitgeschichte Bibliotheks- und Informationssystem der Universität Oldenburg 2000 6 · Meinen Großmüttern Gertrud Busch und Agnes Hoberg gewidmet © Copyright 2000 by Bibliotheks- und Informationssystem der Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg Verlag/Druck/Vertrieb: Bibliotheks- und Informationssystem der Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg (BIS-Verlag), Postfach 2541, 26015 Oldenburg Tel.: 0441/798 2261, Telefax: 0441/7984040 Email: [email protected] Satz, Reproduktionen und Notengraphik: Wolfgang Strelow, Wilhelmshaven Alle Rechte vorbehalten. Dieses Werk einschließlich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung außerhalb des Urheberrechtsgesetzes ist ohne Zustimmung des Verlags unzulässig und strafbar. Das gilt insbesondere für Vervielfältigungen, Übersetzungen, Mikroverfilmungen so- wie für die Einspeicherung und Verarbeitung in elektronischen Systemen. ISBN 3-8142-0747-5 · 7 Inhalt Zum Geleit . 10 Vorwort der Herausgeber . 13 Vorwort. 15 Abkürzungen . 17 Verzeichnis der Tafeln . 19 Verzeichnis der Abbildungen . 20 TEIL I Einführung . 23 1. Konzeption der Arbeit. 25 1.1. Zielsetzung und Arbeitshypothesen . 25 1.1.1. Exil und Exilmusik . 25 1.1.2. Literaturoper . 26 1.2. Forschungsstand und Quellenlage . 30 1.3. Aufbau der Arbeit . 34 2. Biographische Grundlagen „Ich habe das Metier sehr früh kennengelernt“ . 36 2.1. Entwicklung einer Musiker-Karriere . 37 2.2. Leben im Exil und Wiederentdeckung Berthold Goldschmidts . 45 TEIL II Der gewaltige Hahnrei . 51 1. Komponieren vor 1933 . 51 2. Aspekte der Werkgenese . 56 2.1. Entstehungsgeschichte . 56 EXKURS Anmerkungen zur Dramatik Fernand Crommelyncks . 62 2.2. Sujetwahl . 64 3. Vergleich von Drama und Libretto . 68 3.1. Allgemeine Aspekte der Librettogestaltung . 68 3.2. Mittel und Folgen der Texttransformation . 71 8 · Inhalt 4. Der musikalisch-dramatische Text . 82 4.1. Aspekte der Werkkonzeption . 82 4.1.1. Die Partitur als Analyse-Grundlage . 82 4.1.2. Stimmen- und Orchesterbesetzung . 91 4.1.3. Gesamtanlage . 96 4.2. Figuren- und affektbezogene Analysen. 105 4.2.1. Stella, die liebende Ehefrau: zwei musikalische Themen und ihre semantische Bestimmung . 105 4.2.2. Bruno, der eifersüchtige Ehemann: ostinate und ostinatoähnliche Strukturen . 132 EXKURS Anmerkungen zum Plan der Suite op. 14a aus der Oper Der gewaltige Hahnrei . 139 5. Aufführungs- und Rezeptionsgeschichte . 143 5.1. Uraufführung in Mannheim 1932 . 143 5.2. Planung einer Berliner Erstaufführung in der Spielzeit 1932/33 . 157 5.3. Wiederentdeckung der Oper . 159 TEIL III Beatrice Cenci . 171 1. Komponieren im Exil . 171 2. Aspekte der Werkgenese . 190 2.1. Entstehungsgeschichte . 190 EXKURS Anmerkungen zu Percy Bysshe Shelley und seiner Tragödie The Cenci . 194 2.2. Sujetwahl . 196 3. Vergleich von Drama und Libretto . 199 3.1. Zum dramaturgischen Aufbau des Dramas . 200 3.2. Thesen zur Librettogestaltung . 203 4. Der musikalisch-dramatische Text . 215 4.1. Quellenkritische Anmerkungen zur Partitur . 216 4.2. Nebenquellen . 218 4.2.1. Textbücher . 218 4.2.2. Particell . 219 4.2.3. Rückgriffe auf eigene Werke . 219 4.3. Besetzung und Einsatz des Orchesters . 223 4.4. Besetzung und Einsatz der Vokalstimmen . 227 4.5. Gesamtanlage . 234 4.6. Semantik der Themen und ihre Gliederungsfunktion . 238 4.7. Zur gestisch-illustrativen Tonsprache . 247 Inhalt · 9 5. Aufführungs- und Rezeptionsgeschichte . 256 5.1. Bemühungen um eine Uraufführung in den fünfziger Jahren . 256 5.2. Konzertante Uraufführung in London 1988 . 267 5.3. Konzertante Aufführung in Berlin 1994 . 271 5.4. Szenische Uraufführung in Magdeburg 1994 . 272 5.5. Gastspiel in Hannover 1996 und szenische Aufführung in London 1998 . 277 TEIL IV Zwischen Avantgarde und romantischem Belcanto. Berthold Goldschmidts Opern im biographischen und musikgeschichtlichen Kontext . 281 1. Der gewaltige Hahnrei . 282 1.1. Kulminationspunkt der „Berliner Jahre“ . 282 1.2. Vorbilder und Affinitäten . 284 2. Beatrice Cenci . 288 2.1. Eine historische Oper im englischen Exil . 288 2.2. Anknüpfen und Fortführen der Gesangsoper . 294 3. Hypothesen zur weiterführenden Forschung . 297 Literaturverzeichnis . 301 Quellenverzeichnis . 328 ANHANG Inhalt . 355 I. Biographische Übersicht . 359 II. Werkverzeichnis . 364 III. Dokumentation: Systematische Zusammenstellung von Daten und Dokumenten . 393 Personenregister. 445 Anmerkungen . 453 10 · Zum Geleit Berthold Goldschmidt, geboren 1903 in Hamburg und seit 1935 bis zu seinem Tod am 17. Oktober 1996 in London lebend, ist in den 1980er und 90er Jahren zu spätem Ruhm gelangt. Entscheidend dazu beigetragen haben die CD-Veröf- fentlichungen vieler seiner Werke, darunter die Opern Der gewaltige Hahnrei 1994 und Beatrice Cenci 1995. Noch zu Lebzeiten des Komponisten gelangten beide Musiktheaterwerke auf die Bühne. Besonders Der gewaltige Hahnrei (nach Fernand Crommelynck) fand überwiegend gute Kritiken. Z. B. hieß es in der Frankfurter Rundschau: „Noch viel zu wenige wissen, daß Der gewaltige Hahnrei zu den Opern gehört, die dem Besten des Jahrhunderts [...] an die Sei- te zu stellen sind.“ Die Beatrice Cenci (nach Percy Bysshe Shelley) stieß dagegen auf Reserve bei der Kritik, weil sie als Belcanto-Oper à la Puccini trotz heutigem postmodernem Pluralismus als nicht tragfähig und auch mit Blick auf ihre Ent- stehungszeit (1949/50) als anachronistisch angesehen wurde. Es hängt mit der späten Wiederentdeckung des Komponisten und Zeitzeu- gen Goldschmidt zusammen, daß es noch kaum wissenschaftliche Literatur über dessen Leben und Werk gibt. Das 1994 im von Bockel-Verlag erschienene Buch Berthold Goldschmidt. Komponist und Dirigent. Ein Musiker-Leben zwi- schen Hamburg, Berlin und London enthält einen autobiographischen Bericht Goldschmidts, der sehr aufschlußreich ist, aber naturgemäß nur die Perspekti- ve des Autors widerspiegelt. Ansonsten lagen bisher nur einige Aufsätze zu ein- zelnen Werken bzw. Werkgruppen sowie essayistische Texte vor. Die Abhand- lung von Barbara Busch über Berthold Goldschmidts Opern im Kontext von Musik- und Zeitgeschichte kann daher als erste wissenschaftlich-kritische Studie über diesen bedeutenden Komponisten des 20. Jahrhunderts angesprochen wer-.
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