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Sommario 1 Premessa SOMMARIO PAG. I SOMMARIO 1 PREMESSA ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 GENERALITÀ ................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 STRUTTURA DEL DOCUMENTO....................................................................................... 1 1.3 GRUPPO DI LAVORO ..................................................................................................... 2 1.4 INTRODUZIONE AL SITO................................................................................................. 3 2 DESCRIZIONE FISICA..................................................................................................... 5 2.1 INQUADRAMENTO CLIMATICO......................................................................................... 5 2.1.1 Generalità ........................................................................................................... 5 2.1.2 Temperatura ....................................................................................................... 6 2.1.3 Precipitazioni ...................................................................................................... 7 2.2 INQUADRAMENTO GEOLOGICO..................................................................................... 10 2.3 INQUADRAMENTO GEOMORFOLOGICO E PEDOLOGICO................................................... 13 2.3.1 Generalità ......................................................................................................... 13 2.3.2 La conoide del fiume Taro................................................................................ 14 2.4 INQUADRAMENTO IDROGRAFICO, IDROLOGICO E IDROGEOLOGICO ................................. 16 2.4.1 Caratteristiche fisiografiche e idrografiche ....................................................... 16 2.4.2 Caratteristiche pluviometriche .......................................................................... 16 2.4.3 Stazioni idrometriche e piene storiche ............................................................. 17 2.4.4 Portate caratteristiche....................................................................................... 17 2.4.5 Inquadramento idrogeologico........................................................................... 18 2.5 QUALITÀ DELLE ACQUE SUPERFICIALI .......................................................................... 19 2.5.1 Livello Inquinamento Macrodescrittori (L.I.M.) ................................................. 21 2.5.2 Indice Biotico Esteso (I.B.E.)............................................................................ 22 2.5.3 Stato Ecologico del Corso d’Acqua (S.E.C.A.)................................................. 23 2.5.4 Stato Ambientale del Corso d’Acqua (S.A.C.A.) .............................................. 24 2.5.5 Gli obiettivi di qualità......................................................................................... 25 3 DESCRIZIONE BIOLOGICA .......................................................................................... 27 3.1 ANALISI DELLA FLORA ................................................................................................. 27 3.1.1 Metodologia di indagine.................................................................................... 27 3.1.2 Check-list.......................................................................................................... 28 3.1.3 Specie vegetali di interesse conservazionistico ............................................... 29 3.1.4 Carta delle emergenze floristiche..................................................................... 44 3.1.5 Flora alloctona .................................................................................................. 47 3.2 ANALISI DELLA VEGETAZIONE ...................................................................................... 49 3.2.1 Metodologia di indagine.................................................................................... 49 REDAZIONE DELLE MISURE SPECIFICHE DI CONSERVAZIONE E DEL PIANO DI GESTIONE DEL SITO NATURA 2000 DENOMINATO “MEDIO TARO” SOMMARIO PAG. II 3.2.2 La vegetazione del SIC-ZPS Medio Taro......................................................... 54 3.2.2.1 Premessa...................................................................................................... 54 3.2.3 Approfondimenti fitosociologici......................................................................... 63 3.2.3.1 La vegetazione delle pozze con alghe a candelabro del genere Chara....... 63 3.2.4 La vegetazione idrofitica................................................................................... 65 3.2.4.1 La vegetazione pleustofitica ......................................................................... 66 3.2.4.2 La vegetazione rizofitica ............................................................................... 67 3.2.4.3 La vegetazione elofitica ................................................................................ 70 3.2.4.4 La vegetazione anfibia annuale .................................................................... 73 3.2.4.5 La vegetazione pioniera igronitrofila............................................................. 75 3.2.4.6 La vegetazione dei prati stabili ..................................................................... 80 3.2.4.7 La vegetazione degli arbusteti a Myricaria germanica ................................. 82 3.2.4.8 La vegetazione dei boschi misti di latifoglie decidue .................................... 84 3.2.4.8.1 La vegetazione dei boschi semimesofili................................................... 84 3.2.4.9 La vegetazione dei boschi ripariali a Populus nigra ..................................... 86 3.2.5 Schema sintassonomico................................................................................... 88 3.3 ANALISI DEGLI HABITAT .............................................................................................. 94 3.3.1 Metodologia di indagine.................................................................................... 94 3.3.2 Check-list e descrizione generale degli habitat................................................ 94 3.3.3 Habitat di interesse comunitario ....................................................................... 96 3.3.3.1 3130 “Acque stagnanti, da oligotrofe a mesotrofe, con vegetazione dei Littorelletea uniflorae e/o degli Isoëto-Nanojuncetea” .................................. 96 3.3.3.2 3140 “Acque oligomesotrofe calcaree con vegetazione bentica di Chara spp.” .............................................................................................................. 97 3.3.3.3 3150 “Laghi eutrofici naturali con vegetazione del Magnopotamion o Hydrocharition”.............................................................................................. 98 3.3.3.4 3160 “Laghi e stagni distrofici naturali”......................................................... 99 3.3.3.5 3170* “Stagni temporanei mediterranei”....................................................... 99 3.3.3.6 3220 “Fiumi alpini con vegetazione riparia erbacea”.................................. 100 3.3.3.7 3230 “Fiumi alpini con vegetazione riparia legnosa a Myricaria germanica” 100 3.3.3.8 3240 “Fiumi alpini con vegetazione riparia legnosa a Salix eleagnos”....... 101 3.3.3.9 3270 “Fiumi con argini melmosi con vegetazione del Chenopodion rubri p.p e Bidention p.p.”............................................................................................. 103 3.3.3.10 3280 “Fiumi mediterranei a flusso permanente con vegetazione dell’alleanza Paspalo-Agrostidion e con filari ripari di Salix e Populus alba” .................. 104 3.3.3.11 6110* “Formazioni erbose rupicole calcicole o basofile dell'Alysso-Sedion albi” ............................................................................................................. 105 REDAZIONE DELLE MISURE SPECIFICHE DI CONSERVAZIONE E DEL PIANO DI GESTIONE DEL SITO NATURA 2000 DENOMINATO “MEDIO TARO” SOMMARIO PAG. III 3.3.3.12 6210* “Formazioni erbose secche seminaturali e facies coperte da cespugli su substrato calcareo (Festuco-Brometalia) (*stupenda fioritura di orchidee)”.................................................................................................... 105 3.3.3.13 6220* “Percorsi substeppici di graminacee e piante annue dei Thero- Brachypodietea”.......................................................................................... 106 3.3.3.14 6410 “Praterie con Molinia su terreni calcarei, torbosi o argilloso-limosi (Molinion caeruleae)” .................................................................................. 107 3.3.3.15 6420 “Praterie umide mediterranee con piante erbacee alte del Molinio- Holoschoenion” ........................................................................................... 107 3.3.3.16 6510 “Praterie magre da fieno a bassa altitudine (Alopecurus pratensis, Sanguisorba officinalis)”.............................................................................. 108 3.3.3.17 7210* “Paludi calcaree con Cladium mariscus e specie del Caricion davallianae”................................................................................................. 109 3.3.3.18 91E0* “Foreste alluvionali di Alnus glutinosa e Fraxinus excelsior (Alno- Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae)” ...................................................
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