Behavioral Ecology of Wasp-Spider Interactions: the Role Of
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Ant Trails: a Key to Management with Baits1
ENY-259 Ant Trails: A Key to Management with Baits1 John Klotz, Dave Williams, Byron Reid, Karen Vail, and Phil Koehler2 Communication in the ants is based on chemical straight back to the nest (Figure 1). Somehow on the signals. These chemicals are called pheromones and outgoing trip she can keep track of her position with vary from alarm and nestmate recognition, to the one respect to her nest, and, on the return trip, uses this we will focus on here, recruitment. All of the pest information to take the shorter, more direct route ants use odor trails for orientation, but these trails home. On the way back to the nest, she lays down an differ from one species to another. Where the odor trail. Once back in the nest, this scout ant then pheromones originate in the ant's body, their alerts her nestmates of the food find, which chemical composition, as well as how long they last, encourages them to leave the nest. These recruited all vary from one ant species to the next. In fire ants, ants will follow the odor trail directly to the food the trail chemical is produced by the Dufour's gland, source. In turn, each ant will reinforce the odor trail which is named after its discoverer, Dufour, and is until the food is gone. This behavior is a highly laid down by the stinger. This pheromone is made up efficient means of exploiting a temporary food of molecules which evaporate very quickly. Thus, the resource. fire ant's odor trail is very short-lived. -
Alien Dominance of the Parasitoid Wasp Community Along an Elevation Gradient on Hawai’I Island
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln USGS Staff -- Published Research US Geological Survey 2008 Alien dominance of the parasitoid wasp community along an elevation gradient on Hawai’i Island Robert W. Peck U.S. Geological Survey, [email protected] Paul C. Banko U.S. Geological Survey Marla Schwarzfeld U.S. Geological Survey Melody Euaparadorn U.S. Geological Survey Kevin W. Brinck U.S. Geological Survey Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub Peck, Robert W.; Banko, Paul C.; Schwarzfeld, Marla; Euaparadorn, Melody; and Brinck, Kevin W., "Alien dominance of the parasitoid wasp community along an elevation gradient on Hawai’i Island" (2008). USGS Staff -- Published Research. 652. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub/652 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the US Geological Survey at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in USGS Staff -- Published Research by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Biol Invasions (2008) 10:1441–1455 DOI 10.1007/s10530-008-9218-1 ORIGINAL PAPER Alien dominance of the parasitoid wasp community along an elevation gradient on Hawai’i Island Robert W. Peck Æ Paul C. Banko Æ Marla Schwarzfeld Æ Melody Euaparadorn Æ Kevin W. Brinck Received: 7 December 2007 / Accepted: 21 January 2008 / Published online: 6 February 2008 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008 Abstract Through intentional and accidental increased with increasing elevation, with all three introduction, more than 100 species of alien Ichneu- elevations differing significantly from each other. monidae and Braconidae (Hymenoptera) have Nine species purposely introduced to control pest become established in the Hawaiian Islands. -
Hymenoptera: Philanthinae) Hunting for Different Prey Types
C. R. Biologies 335 (2012) 279–291 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Comptes Rendus Biologies ww w.sciencedirect.com Animal biology and pathology/Biologie et pathologie animales Antennal sensillar equipment in closely related predatory wasp species (Hymenoptera: Philanthinae) hunting for different prey types E´quipement sensoriel des antennes dans des espe`ces proches de gueˆpes pre´dateurs (Hymenoptera: Philanthinae), qui chassent des proies diffe´rentes a, b a Carlo Polidori *, Alberto Jorge Garcı´a , Jose´ L. Nieves-Aldrey a Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biologı´a Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, C/Jose´ Gutie´rrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain b Laboratorio de Microscopia, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, C/Jose´ Gutie´rrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history: Despite its potential value in phylogenetic and ecological studies, the morphology of Received 17 November 2011 antennal sensilla has rarely been compared quantitatively within the Apoidea. Here, Accepted after revision 19 March 2012 through a scanning electron microscopy analysis, we provide an inventory of different Available online 24 April 2012 types of antennal sensilla and compare their morphology across 10 species of predatory wasps (Crabronidae: Philanthinae) including species that hunt exclusively either on Keywords: beetles or on bees to feed their larvae. A sensilla-free area was found on the apical Hymenoptera flagellomer of all but two species, and its shape and size appear to be useful for separating Crabronidae Philanthini from Cercerini within the subfamily. A total of eight types of sensilla (sensilla Sensilla size placoidea, sensilla basiconica, two types of pit organs, sensilla coelocapitula and three Comparative morphology types of sensilla trichoidea) were found in all species, and an additional rarer type Prey selection (grooved peg sensilla) was found only in three bee-hunting species and for first time in the genus Cerceris. -
Nesting Behavior of Osmia Tingitana Benoist
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2017; 5(2): 1181-1186 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 Nesting behavior of Osmia tingitana Benoist JEZS 2017; 5(2): 1181-1186 © 2017 JEZS (1969) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), endemic Received: 04-01-2017 Accepted: 05-02-2017 species of North Africa with first observation of Aguib Sihem its parasite Chrysura barbata Lucas (1849) Laboratory of Biosystematics and Ecology of Arthropods, (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) University of Mentouri Constantine, Road Ain-El-Bey, 25000 Constantine, Algeria Aguib Sihem, Benachour Karima, Maghni Noudjoud and Louadi Kamel Benachour Karima Laboratory of Biosystematics Abstract and Ecology of Arthropods, The analysis of six Osmia tingitana nests found in snail shells showed that the female selects shells University of Mentouri belonging to the Hygromiidae family and whose diameter was between 1.8 and 3.5 cm. The nest building Constantine, Road Ain-El-Bey, materials consist essentially of sand, small pebbles, plant fragments (stems or flower petals) mixed with 25000 Constantine, Algeria the pollen grains. The nest was closed with a cap formed of a greenish paste consisting of pine needles chewed and mixed with the bee saliva and pieces of the shell. The number of cells per nest was variable, Maghni Noudjoud and range between 4 and 7 cells for multicellular nests.The different development stages were found in Laboratory of Biosystematics and Ecology of Arthropods, the nests analyzed with observation for the first time in one nest of the parasitic species of osmia, namely University of Mentouri a cuckoo wasp, Chrysura barbata of the Chrysididae family. Constantine, Road Ain-El-Bey, 25000 Constantine, Algeria Keywords: Osmia tingitana, nesting behavior, parasite, Chrysura barbata Louadi Kamel 1. -
Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Perilampidae) from Indonesia, and the First Description of First-Instar Larva for the Genus
New species of Krombeinius (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Perilampidae) from Indonesia, and the first description of first-instar larva for the genus D.C. Darling Darling, D.C. New species of Krombeinius (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Perilampidae) from Indone- sia, and the first description of first-instar larva for the genus. Zool. Med. Leiden 69 (17), 29.xii.1995: 209-229, figs 1-28, 1 table.— ISSN 0024-0672. D. Christopher Darling, Department of Entomology, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen's Park, Tor- onto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 2C6 & Department of Zoology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A1. Key words: Hymenoptera; Chalcidoidea; Perilampidae; Krombeinius; Indonesia. Two new species of Krombeinius from Indonesia are described and illustrated, K. kubah from Java and K. dictyon from Sulawesi. In addition, K. eumenidarum Bouček and K. megalaspis (Cameron) are rede- scribed to allow comparison with the closely related species, K. dictyon and K. kubah, respectively. The first-instar larva of K. kubah is described from an aculeate wasp cocoon associated with the holotype and these planidia are compared with those known for Perilampidae and Eucharitidae. The new spe- cies are accommodated in the key to species and phylogenetic analysis of the genus presented in Dar- ling (1988) and the biogeographic implications of the phylogeny are discussed. Introduction Since the publication of my review of the genus Krombeinius in 1988, two addi tional species from Indonesia have been found in the collection of the Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum in Leiden, the Netherlands (RMNH). One specimen is associated with a cocoon of an aculeate wasp and planidial larvae were found by cle aring the cocoon and host remains in Nesbitt's solution. -
Mimicry and Defense
3/24/2015 Professor Donald McFarlane Mimicry and Defense Protective Strategies Camouflage (“Cryptic coloration”) Diverse Coloration Diversion Structures Startle Structures 2 1 3/24/2015 Camouflage (“Cryptic coloration”) Minimize 3d shape, e.g. flatfish Halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) 3 4 2 3/24/2015 Counter‐Shading 5 Disruptive Coloration 6 3 3/24/2015 Polymorphism – Cepeae snails 7 Polymorphism – Oophaga granuliferus 8 4 3/24/2015 Polymorphism – 9 Polymorphism – Oophaga Geographic locations of study populations and their color patterns. (A) Map of the pacific coast of Colombia showing the three study localities: in blue Oophaga histrionica, in orange O. lehmanni, and in green the pHYB population. (B) Examples of color patterns of individuals from the pHYB population (1–4) and the pattern from a hybrid between Oophaga histrionica and O. lehmanni bred in the laboratory (H) 10 5 3/24/2015 Diversion Structures 11 Startle Structures 12 6 3/24/2015 Warning Coloration (Aposematic coloration) Advertise organism as distasteful, toxic or venomous Problem: Predators must learn by attacking prey; predator learning is costly to prey. Therefore strong selective pressure to STANDARDIZE on a few colors/patterns. This is MULLERIAN MIMICRY. Most common is yellow/black, or red/yellow/black 13 Warning Coloration (Aposematic coloration) Bumblebee (Bombus Black and yellow mangrove snake (Boiga sp.) Sand Wasp (bembix oculata) dendrophila) Yellow‐banded poison dart frog (Dendrobates leucomelas Fire salamander ( Salamandra salamandra) 14 7 3/24/2015 Warning Coloration (Aposematic coloration) coral snakes (Micrurus sp.) ~ 50 species in two families, all venomous 15 Batesian Mimicry 1862 –Henry Walter Bates; “A Naturalist on the River Amazons” 16 8 3/24/2015 Batesian Mimicry Batesian mimics “cheat” –they lack toxins, venom, etc. -
Dynamics of Salticid-Ant Mimicry Systems
ResearchOnline@JCU This file is part of the following reference: Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara (2006) Dynamics of salticid-ant mimicry systems. PhD thesis, James Cook University. Access to this file is available from: http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/1311/ If you believe that this work constitutes a copyright infringement, please contact [email protected] and quote http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/1311/ TITLE PAGE Dynamics of Salticid-Ant Mimicry Systems Thesis submitted by Fadia Sara CECCARELLI BSc (Hons) in March 2006 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Zoology and Tropical Ecology within the School of Tropical Biology James Cook University I STATEMENT OF ACCESS I, the undersigned author of this thesis, understand that James Cook University will make it available for use within the University Library and, by microfilm or other means, allow access to users in other approved libraries. All users consulting this thesis will have to sign the following statement: In consulting this thesis I agree not to copy or closely paraphrase it in whole of part without the written consent of the author; and to make proper public written acknowledgement for any assistance which I have obtained from it. Beyond this, I do not wish to place any restriction on access to this thesis. ------------------------------ -------------------- F. Sara Ceccarelli II ABSTRACT Mimicry in arthropods is seen as an example of evolution by natural selection through predation pressure. The aggressive nature of ants, and their possession of noxious chemicals, stings and strong mandibles make them unfavourable prey for many animals. The resemblance of a similar-sized arthropod to an ant can therefore also protect the mimic from predation. -
Predatory Behavior of Jumping Spiders
Annual Reviews www.annualreviews.org/aronline Annu Rev. Entomol. 19%. 41:287-308 Copyrighl8 1996 by Annual Reviews Inc. All rights reserved PREDATORY BEHAVIOR OF JUMPING SPIDERS R. R. Jackson and S. D. Pollard Department of Zoology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand KEY WORDS: salticids, salticid eyes, Portia, predatory versatility, aggressive mimicry ABSTRACT Salticids, the largest family of spiders, have unique eyes, acute vision, and elaborate vision-mediated predatory behavior, which is more pronounced than in any other spider group. Diverse predatory strategies have evolved, including araneophagy,aggressive mimicry, myrmicophagy ,and prey-specific preycatch- ing behavior. Salticids are also distinctive for development of behavioral flexi- bility, including conditional predatory strategies, the use of trial-and-error to solve predatory problems, and the undertaking of detours to reach prey. Predatory behavior of araneophagic salticids has undergone local adaptation to local prey, and there is evidence of predator-prey coevolution. Trade-offs between mating and predatory strategies appear to be important in ant-mimicking and araneo- phagic species. INTRODUCTION With over 4000 described species (1 l), jumping spiders (Salticidae) compose by Fordham University on 04/13/13. For personal use only. the largest family of spiders. They are characterized as cursorial, diurnal predators with excellent eyesight. Although spider eyes usually lack the struc- tural complexity required for acute vision, salticids have unique, complex eyes with resolution abilities without known parallels in animals of comparable size Annu. Rev. Entomol. 1996.41:287-308. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org (98). Salticids are the end-product of an evolutionary process in which a small silk-producing animal with a simple nervous system acquires acute vision, resulting in a diverse array of complex predatory strategies. -
Food Load Manipulation Ability Shapes Flight Morphology in Females Of
Polidori et al. Frontiers in Zoology 2013, 10:36 http://www.frontiersinzoology.com/content/10/1/36 RESEARCH Open Access Food load manipulation ability shapes flight morphology in females of central-place foraging Hymenoptera Carlo Polidori1*, Angelica Crottini2, Lidia Della Venezia3,5, Jesús Selfa4, Nicola Saino5 and Diego Rubolini5 Abstract Background: Ecological constraints related to foraging are expected to affect the evolution of morphological traits relevant to food capture, manipulation and transport. Females of central-place foraging Hymenoptera vary in their food load manipulation ability. Bees and social wasps modulate the amount of food taken per foraging trip (in terms of e.g. number of pollen grains or parts of prey), while solitary wasps carry exclusively entire prey items. We hypothesized that the foraging constraints acting on females of the latter species, imposed by the upper limit to the load size they are able to transport in flight, should promote the evolution of a greater load-lifting capacity and manoeuvrability, specifically in terms of greater flight muscle to body mass ratio and lower wing loading. Results: Our comparative study of 28 species confirms that, accounting for shared ancestry, female flight muscle ratio was significantly higher and wing loading lower in species taking entire prey compared to those that are able to modulate load size. Body mass had no effect on flight muscle ratio, though it strongly and negatively co-varied with wing loading. Across species, flight muscle ratio and wing loading were negatively correlated, suggesting coevolution of these traits. Conclusions: Natural selection has led to the coevolution of resource load manipulation ability and morphological traits affecting flying ability with additional loads in females of central-place foraging Hymenoptera. -
Occurrence and Biology of Pseudogonalos Hahnii (Spinola, 1840) (Hymenoptera: Trigonalidae) in Fennoscandia and the Baltic States
© Entomologica Fennica. 1 June 2018 Occurrence and biology of Pseudogonalos hahnii (Spinola, 1840) (Hymenoptera: Trigonalidae) in Fennoscandia and the Baltic states Simo Väänänen, Juho Paukkunen, Villu Soon & Eduardas Budrys Väänänen, S., Paukkunen, J., Soon, V. & Budrys, E. 2018: Occurrence and bio- logy of Pseudogonalos hahnii (Spinola, 1840) (Hymenoptera: Trigonalidae) in Fennoscandia and the Baltic states. Entomol. Fennica 29: 8696. Pseudogonalos hahnii is the only known species of Trigonalidae in Europe. It is a hyperparasitoid of lepidopteran larvae via ichneumonid primary parasitoids. Possibly, it has also been reared from a symphytan larva. We report the species for the first time from Estonia, Lithuania and Russian Fennoscandia, and list all known observations from Finland and Latvia. An overview of the biology of the species is presented with a list of all known host records. S. Väänänen, Vantaa, Finland; E-mail: [email protected] J. Paukkunen, Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoology Unit, P.O. Box 17, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; E-mail: [email protected] V. Soon, Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia; E-mail: [email protected] E. Budrys, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania; E-mail: [email protected] Received 27 June 2017, accepted 22 September 2017 1. Introduction ovipositor with Aculeata (Weinstein & Austin 1991). The trigonalid ovipositor is reduced and Trigonalidae is a moderately small family of par- hidden within the abdomen and it is not known if asitic wasps of little over 100 species and about it is used in egg placement (Quicke et al. 1999). -
Mimicry - Ecology - Oxford Bibliographies 12/13/12 7:29 PM
Mimicry - Ecology - Oxford Bibliographies 12/13/12 7:29 PM Mimicry David W. Kikuchi, David W. Pfennig Introduction Among nature’s most exquisite adaptations are examples in which natural selection has favored a species (the mimic) to resemble a second, often unrelated species (the model) because it confuses a third species (the receiver). For example, the individual members of a nontoxic species that happen to resemble a toxic species may dupe any predators by behaving as if they are also dangerous and should therefore be avoided. In this way, adaptive resemblances can evolve via natural selection. When this phenomenon—dubbed “mimicry”—was first outlined by Henry Walter Bates in the middle of the 19th century, its intuitive appeal was so great that Charles Darwin immediately seized upon it as one of the finest examples of evolution by means of natural selection. Even today, mimicry is often used as a prime example in textbooks and in the popular press as a superlative example of natural selection’s efficacy. Moreover, mimicry remains an active area of research, and studies of mimicry have helped illuminate such diverse topics as how novel, complex traits arise; how new species form; and how animals make complex decisions. General Overviews Since Henry Walter Bates first published his theories of mimicry in 1862 (see Bates 1862, cited under Historical Background), there have been periodic reviews of our knowledge in the subject area. Cott 1940 was mainly concerned with animal coloration. Subsequent reviews, such as Edmunds 1974 and Ruxton, et al. 2004, have focused on types of mimicry associated with defense from predators. -
Australasian Arachnology 76 Features a Comprehensive Update on the Taxonomy Change of Address and Systematics of Jumping Spiders of Australia by Marek Zabka
AAususttrraalaassiianan AArracachhnnoollogyogy Price$3 Number7376 ISSN0811-3696 January200607 Newsletterof NewsletteroftheAustralasianArachnologicalSociety Australasian Arachnology No. 76 Page 2 THE AUSTRALASIAN ARTICLES ARACHNOLOGICAL The newsletter depends on your SOCIETY contributions! We encourage articles on a We aim to promote interest in the range of topics including current research ecology, behaviour and taxonomy of activities, student projects, upcoming arachnids of the Australasian region. events or behavioural observations. MEMBERSHIP Please send articles to the editor: Membership is open to amateurs, Volker Framenau students and professionals and is managed Department of Terrestrial Invertebrates by our administrator: Western Australian Museum Locked Bag 49 Richard J. Faulder Welshpool, W.A. 6986, Australia. Agricultural Institute [email protected] Yanco, New South Wales 2703. Australia Format: i) typed or legibly printed on A4 [email protected] paper or ii) as text or MS Word file on CD, Membership fees in Australian dollars 3½ floppy disk, or via email. (per 4 issues): LIBRARY *discount personal institutional Australia $8 $10 $12 The AAS has a large number of NZ / Asia $10 $12 $14 reference books, scientific journals and elsewhere $12 $14 $16 papers available for loan or as photocopies, for those members who do There is no agency discount. not have access to a scientific library. All postage is by airmail. Professional members are encouraged to *Discount rates apply to unemployed, pensioners and students (please provide proof of status). send in their arachnological reprints. Cheques are payable in Australian Contact our librarian: dollars to “Australasian Arachnological Society”. Any number of issues can be paid Jean-Claude Herremans PO Box 291 for in advance.