Of the SIKH IDEAIS
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PRACTICAT UTITITY of THE SIKH IDEAIS Prof. TARAN SINGH, u.e. FOREWORD Professor Taran Singh, Professor of Divinity, Khalsa College, Amritsar (India), visited Mataya in August, 1956, at the special request of Sikh Missionary Society Malaya on behalf of Sikhs residing in this country. During his lecture tour from Penang to Singapore he also extended invitations to Sikh Youths to meet hitn in groups in every town and have friendly discussions to clarify their doubts on points concerning Sikhisn-r. We are pleased to say that several such gatherings took place throughout Malaya and Singapore which proved very useful indeed. Most of the questions asked in different shapes and shades at the meetings referred to above have been answered briefly in the following pages. This tract, though primarily intended for Sikh Youths, will also enlighten readers of other races to further their knowledge on Sikhism. We earnestly hope that our youths wiU read this booklet with open minds. If any further doubts arise, let them search the Sikh literature or write to the Sikh Missionary Society Malaya. An endeavour will be made to answer their questions. Once we know our scriptures, our religion, our past history, and finaliy ourselves, all complexes will fade away. The motto of the Sikh Youth should be: ..KNOW fI{YSELF.'' BHAG SINGH, Printed at Singapore, President, Star Pl'ess Ltd.. 71, Selcgie Roacl, Sins-aporc-?. 13th April, 195?. Sikh Missionary Society Malaya. I (1) IN'TROD{ICTION A. trs Sikhisrn a clistinct religion or is it only a reformed sect? A. So far as the common definition of religion Regarding this tract, a few things may be is concerned, Sikhism is completely a clarified. distinct religion. Generally, the distinct entity of a religion depends upon the (1) Only the formal side of the Sikh religion following things all of which the Sikhs has' been discussed and that also very possess:- briefly. Mostly the right position, as I under'- (i) A Guru or a line of Gurus. (Ten stancl it, has been sta,ted without arguing. Gurus). Replies are just brief hints to set the reader (ii) A religious Book. (Their holy Book ath-inking and provide reasons for each is the Guru of the Sikhs now- position himself. their eternal Guru). (iii) Certain places of pilgrimage or (2) All comparisons have been avoided out of centres No religion, as of community. The Sikhs respect for other religions. have a number of them; the chief such, is superior to any other religion; a being 'Amritsar.' man can be superior to any other man and he may profesS any religion. (iv) Distinct Symbols. (v) Distinct cerernonies, such as the (3) No authoritativeness, much less flnality, is initiation ceremony, the marriage cla,imed in any reply. ceremony, etc, (vi) Distinct values of life or culture. (4) Rationalism and adaptability are the essen- (vii) Distinct philosophy. tial features of Sikhism. Even though, Sikhism is distinct in ail these respects, it has its 'kernel' common with all the religions. Development of an TARAN SINGH ideal personality of the man is the object of all religions. The basic ethical and (2) (3) moral virtues are the same in all. The religious should go. Study real truth in all is the same. Sikhism has 1lways life minutely and symbols ar-e no quarrel with any other religion, ethic- serving philosophically a great purpose every ally, or culturally. It will where by denoting larger hidden tolerate no aggressiveness upon itself and meanings in smaller space. Reli- it will not be aggressive upon others. Jt gious syrnbols denote believes in peaceful co-existence. the type of character the wearer should have. a. What is the importanee of Sy'mbols in (ii) The symbols, thus, always-him. keep the religion? ideal of man before They are a constant reminder. He is A. The aim of religion is to give the ideal of aware of the fact standard personality mankind and to that some to definite type of 'behaviour' is help achieve that by giving physical, expected from him. psychological, political social aids. This sense and works as a deterrent factor and Symbols are also an aid, mostly psycho- does not allow the follower logical. to falt. (iii) It is so clear that the symbols (i) Symbols, not only play a great part organize the followers and infuse in moral and spiritual attainment what is called 'esprit de corps' in of man, but they also play a great them. United, *e can a,ihieve part in general life too. SYmbols many things and even get manv are used in all sciences to denote wrongs, social or political or certain bigger things. MilitarY economic, righted. Whatever badges, flags, etc. are no more brings the ideal near falls in the than symbols. The sign of a 'Red scope of religion. Secular side js Cross' is a svmbol. The 'arrows' a part of teligion, if not the whole on the maps, the mile stones, etc. of it. are also symbols. The letters of 1iv) Th_ey infuse a sense of physical alphabets and even the words of discipline in man which leads language are fact symbols. to a in moral discipline. Discipline is a So one prejudice that symbols are method of doing things,'and what (4) (5) we call character is also a method var). The ethical standard required of of doing things. the Sikh is also the same. Meriy is the mother of all (Jap So the symbols can never be dispensed virtues Ji). with at any stage. a. What service have the symbols done to a. Did Guru Nanak Dw (the first Guru) not Sikhism? begin by condernming the syrnbols? A, The _symbols have cultural and political Perhaps, in the Jap Ji, Asa-di-var and values also, besides their ethiCal and other hynins, mostly, addressed spiritual values. to"e"t"itt the yogis by Guru Nanak Dev, the I (i) Guru Gobind Singh's chief point effort does not seem to be that of con- regarding the significance of Guru demning the symbols;- rather, it was that Teg Bahadur's martyrdom is that of mak"ing the wearers of the s-ymbois he saved the Hindu culture by aware of- the behaviour expected from dying for their 'tilak' and ,Janju' them. Always, his effort has been to (Vide .. Bachittar Natak). terms the interpret the symbols in of (ii) Political slavery of India had de- inner culture. prived the Indians of any military It is very interesting to see that he tradition. The Sikh symbols are has given a common interpretation of of military nature, especially the ethical virtues to the sy.mbols of different 'kirpan' (sr,vord) and ,kachh' sects of religions. Religion, as such, is t (shorts of a special cut). Thus, universal. they defied t the wishes or the laws Contentment, modestY, self resPect, of the then Government and conquest of heart (vide Jap Ji-xxviii) t organised the masses militarily. are the virtues required by the yogic ', This defi4nce weakened the Gov- symbols; Mercy, Contentment (see ernment by lowering its prestige. Asa-di-var-xv) are the virtues requir- This was a political achievement. ed by the Hindu Janeu,-their chief (iii) The best pa,rt of the Sikh tradition symbol; and Mercy, faith, righf earning lies in their spirit of sacrifice. For of the Muslim symbols (vide Majh-ki- their beliefs, they can break but (6) (7) not bend. Thousands suffered feature of the Khalsa in the death for their distinctive marks world. or symbols. This gave them the (2) Excepting the 'Kara,' (steel bangle), spirit of sacrifice. the value of which is emotional, (iv) The present feeling of 'panth' (Sikh all symbols have their utility. Organisation) is based on com- They are of practical value. mon symbols, common Guru, (3) Sometimes (verses I it is said that the common 'Bani' in the holy 'Keshas' carrse inconvenience to Book-the Granth and Sahib), I man. With some stretch of imagi- common ideals. nation, one can easily understand a. What are the peculiarities of Sikh Symbols? that daily shaving of hair and beards is much more inconvenient. A. I do not wish to enter into any odious comparisons. a. Are_ the Sikhs not Iooked down upon for I, therefore, barely state the case of their 'Keshas' and beard? Sikh symbols only. Perhaps the following A. My reply to this question is a positive ,NO.' features make them the ideal type of (1) A man of character is never looked symbols:- down upon in any society, no (1) The most important symbol of the matter whatever external appear- Khalsa, as ordained by Guru ance he has. If anywhere the Gobind Singh himself, is the - Sikhs are looked down upon, it is 'Keshas' (long hair). One who because they do not come up to removes the 'Keshas' falls from I the expectations related to their Sikhism but not so in case of symbols. other symbols. This symbol is a I (2) Of the Sikhs, in foreign land.s, natural gift is . ^and .a -permanent individuals are respected; but as companion of man; it has not to a community they may not be be purchased nor can it get much respected, for the lapses separated of its own accord or by large number of individuals among accident. It is the most distinct them show, or the bad. associa-- (8) (e) tions which people of a particular to form a determination, hardlY land, may have. begin leading such a life. (3) Certain temptations in foreign lands (4) Discipline of any type can, first, lead the Sikhs astray.