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GHOST GEAR: the ABANDONED FISHING NETS HAUNTING OUR OCEANS Sea Turtle Entangled in Fishing Gear in the Mediterranean Sea © Marco Care/Greenpeace CONTENTS
GHOST GEAR: THE ABANDONED FISHING NETS HAUNTING OUR OCEANS Sea turtle entangled in fishing gear in the Mediterranean Sea © Marco Care/Greenpeace CONTENTS 4 Zusammenfassung 5 Executive summary 6 Introduction 8 Main types of fishing – Nets – Lines – Traps & pots – FADs 11 Ghost gear impacts – Killing ocean creatures – Damaging habitats – Economic and other impacts 13 Current regulations – International agreements and recommendations – Other programmes and resolutions – A cross-sector approach – The need for a Global Ocean Treaty 16 References 2019 / 10 Published by Greenpeace Germany November 2019 Stand Greenpeace e. V., Hongkongstraße 10, 20457 Hamburg, Tel. 040/3 06 18 - 0, [email protected] , www . greenpeace . de Authors Karli Thomas, Dr. Cat Dorey and Farah Obaidullah Responsible for content Helena Spiritus Layout Klasse 3b, Hamburg S 0264 1 Contents 3 DEUTSCHE ZUSAMMENFASSUNG DER STUDIE GHOST GEAR: THE ABANDONED FISHING NETS HAUNTING OUR OCEANS → Rund 640.000 Tonnen altes Fischereigerät inklusive Geisternetzen, Bojen, Leinen, Fallen und Körbe landen jährlich als Fischereimüll in den Ozeanen. → Weltweit trägt altes Fischereigerät zu etwa zehn Prozent zum Plastikeintrag in die Meere bei. → 45 Prozent aller Arten auf der Roten IUCN-Liste hatten bereits Kontakt mit Plastik im Meer. → Sechs Prozent aller eingesetzten Netze, neun Prozent aller Fallen und 29 Prozent aller Langleinen gehen jährlich auf den Ozeanen verloren und enden als Meeresmüll. → Treibnetze, Fallen und Fischsammler (Fish Aggregating Devices, FADs) gehen weltweit am häufigsten als Müll auf den Ozeanen verloren und bergen die meisten Risiken für Meereslebewesen. → Durch FADs sterben 2,8 bis 6,7 Mal mehr Tiere - darunter bedrohte Arten wie Haie – als Beifang als die Zielarten, für die sie eingesetzt werden. -
Ghost Net Impacts on Coral Reefs Time to Complete Lesson: 20-30 Minutes
Ghost (net) Busters Ghost Net Impacts on Coral Reefs Time to complete lesson: 20-30 minutes Purpose of module: This module allows students to simulate the impacts of ghost nets on a coral reef. Students will build a model healthy reef ecosystem, damage it using a ghost net, and then remove it from the reef. Students will conduct a damage assessment caused by the net dragging across the reef using quadrats. Background information: Coral reefs, also known as the rainforests of the sea, are one of the most diverse and ecologically complex marine ecosystems. They are found in warm, tropical waters with high salinity and high light exposure. A coral reef is made up of individual coral polyps that resemble tiny anemones and are attached to the reef. Each coral polyp is less than half an inch in diameter, but they live in colonies which Figure 1: A healthy coral reef system. can expand and take up the size of a small car. Reef building corals have a skeleton made of calcium carbonate, a mineral that is left behind when an individual coral dies. Another coral may settle on that spot and grow on top of the remaining skeleton. This allows a coral reef to grow a few centimeters each year, eventually reaching massive sizes. Coral reefs provide food and shelter for many plants, invertebrates, and fish. It is estimated that at least 25% of all marine life spendCredit: part MostBeautifulThings.net of their life at a coral reef. Coral reefs provide shelter for small fish, and small fish attract larger fish, which in turn attract large predators like sharks. -
Sea Turtle Stranding Response & Rescue 2019 Summary of Results
Sea Turtle Stranding Response & Rescue 2019 Summary of Results, Maui, Hawaiʻi Tommy Cutt, Jennifer Martin MOC Marine Institute 192 Maʻalaea Rd. Wailuku, Hawaiʻi 96793 www.mocmarineinstitute.org 2019 Stranding Summary Maui, Hawaiʻi Contents Background.........................................................................................................................................................3 Team....................................................................................................................................................................4 Partners & Collaborators.....................................................................................................................................4 Sea Turtle Stranding Data...................................................................................................................................5 Map: Stranding Type by Location......................................................................................................................8 Fishing Gear......................................................................................................................................................11 Map: Heat Map of Fishery Interactions............................................................................................................12 Fishing Line Recycling Program......................................................................................................................13 Map: Fishing Line Recycling Bin Locations....................................................................................................14 -
Marine Litter Legislation: a Toolkit for Policymakers
Marine Litter Legislation: A Toolkit for Policymakers The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations Environment Programme. No use of this publication may be made for resale or any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the United Nations Environment Programme. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, DCPI, UNEP, P.O. Box 30552, Nairobi, Kenya. Acknowledgments This report was developed by the Environmental Law Institute (ELI) for the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). It was researched, drafted, and produced by Carl Bruch, Kathryn Mengerink, Elana Harrison, Davonne Flanagan, Isabel Carey, Thomas Casey, Meggan Davis, Elizabeth Hessami, Joyce Lombardi, Norka Michel- en, Colin Parts, Lucas Rhodes, Nikita West, and Sofia Yazykova. Within UNEP, Heidi Savelli, Arnold Kreilhuber, and Petter Malvik oversaw the development of the report. The authors express their appreciation to the peer reviewers, including Catherine Ayres, Patricia Beneke, Angela Howe, Ileana Lopez, Lara Ognibene, David Vander Zwaag, and Judith Wehrli. Cover photo: Plastics floating in the ocean The views expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect those of the United Nations Environment Programme. © 2016. United Nations Environment Programme. Marine Litter Legislation: A Toolkit for Policymakers Contents Foreword .................................................................................................. -
In the Wake of Plastics 13-15 October 2015 Don Orione Artigianelli Conference Center, Venice, Italy
Derelict Fishing Gear management system in the Adriatic Region www.defishgear.net In the Wake of Plastics 13-15 October 2015 Don Orione Artigianelli Conference Center, Venice, Italy Preliminary Programme: Tuesday: October 13th 2015 08:15 09:00 Registration 09:00 09:20 Opening and welcome MARINE LITTER Chairs: C. Zeri, G. Pojana 09:20 10:00 Invited lecture F. Galgani L 13.1.1 – Marine Litter in the Mediterranean Sea 10:00 10:20 C. Zeri – Beach Litter in the Southern Adriatic coasts: Results from a fine-scale L 13.1.2 sampling 10:20 10:40 S. Aliani – To strand or not to strand: the fate of plastic debris in coastal currents L 13.1.3 10:40 11:00 C. Mazziotti – The origin of marine litter and its environmental impacts during L 13.1.4 recent decades 11:00 11:30 Coffee break GHOST NETS Chairs: A. Krzan, T. Fortibuoni 11:30 11:50 P. Tutman – Ghost-net fishing along the Croatian coastline; occurrence and L 13.2.1 biological impact on marine biodiversity, a preliminary assesment 11:50 12:10 F. Riccato – First data on ghost fishing gears and other fishing waste in the L 13.2.2 outcrop area of the Gulf of Venice 12:10 12:30 Conference sponsor presentation – MADAtec L 13.2.3 D. Manzini – Hiphenated spectroscopic microanalysis (Raman, colorimetry) 12:30 12.50 M. Angiolillo – Monitoring and assessment of marine debris in a biodiversity L 13.2.4 hotspot in the Northern Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea) 12:50 14:00 Lunch break and Poster session The project is co-funded by the European Union,Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance Derelict Fishing Gear management system in the Adriatic Region www.defishgear.net Tuesday: October 13th 2015 SOCIAL AND ECONOMICAL IMPACTS Chairs: F. -
Impact of “Ghost Fishing“ Via Derelict Fishing Gear
2015 NOAA Marine Debris Program Report Impact of “Ghost Fishing“ via Derelict Fishing Gear 2015 MARINE DEBRIS GHOST FISHING REPORT March 2015 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Ocean Service National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science – Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research 219 Ft. Johnson Rd. Charleston, South Carolina 29412 Office of Response and Restoration NOAA Marine Debris Program 1305 East-West Hwy, SSMC4, Room 10239 Silver Spring, Maryland 20910 Cover photo courtesy of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration For citation purposes, please use: NOAA Marine Debris Program. 2015 Report on the impacts of “ghost fishing” via derelict fishing gear. Silver Spring, MD. 25 pp For more information, please contact: NOAA Marine Debris Program Office of Response and Restoration National Ocean Service 1305 East West Highway Silver Spring, Maryland 20910 301-713-2989 Acknowledgements The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Marine Debris Program would like to acknowledge Jennifer Maucher Fuquay (NOAA National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science) for conducting this research, and Courtney Arthur (NOAA National Ocean Service, Marine Debris Program) and Jason Paul Landrum (NOAA National Ocean Service, Marine Debris Program) for providing guidance and support throughout this process. Special thanks go to Ariana Sutton-Grier (NOAA National Ocean Science) and Peter Murphy (NOAA National Ocean Service, Marine Debris Program) for reviewing this paper and providing helpful comments. Special thanks also go to John Hayes (NOAA National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science) and Dianna Parker (NOAA National Ocean Science, Marine Debris Program) for a copy/edit review of this report and Leah L. -
Treasures of Middle Earth
T M TREASURES OF MIDDLE-EARTH CONTENTS FOREWORD 5.0 CREATORS..............................................................................105 5.1 Eru and the Ainur.............................................................. 105 PART ONE 5.11 The Valar.....................................................................105 1.0 INTRODUCTION........................................................................ 2 5.12 The Maiar....................................................................106 2.0 USING TREASURES OF MIDDLE EARTH............................ 2 5.13 The Istari .....................................................................106 5.2 The Free Peoples ...............................................................107 3.0 GUIDELINES................................................................................ 3 5.21 Dwarves ...................................................................... 107 3.1 Abbreviations........................................................................ 3 5.22 Elves ............................................................................ 109 3.2 Definitions.............................................................................. 3 5.23 Ents .............................................................................. 111 3.3 Converting Statistics ............................................................ 4 5.24 Hobbits........................................................................ 111 3.31 Converting Hits and Bonuses...................................... 4 5.25 -
1 Sustainable Use of Marine Resources Focus Group Final Report Submitted to the Marine Biodiversity Working Group 21 Sept 2014
Final Report 21 Sept 2014 Sustainable Use of Marine Resources Focus Group Final Report Submitted to the Marine Biodiversity Working Group 21 Sept 2014 A) Introduction to the Focus Group Aim / objective To examine the sustainability of the current and predicted use of marine resources in Hong Kong, and make recommendations for improvement and/or areas of further study. Scope All uses of the sub-tidal coast and sea within Hong Kong that use biodiversity as an important component of the activity (this excludes activities that simply impact biodiversity such as reclamation and shipping). Relevant Aichi Targets and Articles Target 6. By 2020 all fish and invertebrate stocks and aquatic plants are managed and harvested sustainably, legally and applying ecosystem based approaches, so that overfishing is avoided, recovery plans and measures are in place for all depleted species, fisheries have no significant adverse impacts on threatened species and vulnerable ecosystems and the impacts of fisheries on stocks, species and ecosystems are within safe ecological limits. Target 4. By 2020, at the latest, Governments, business and stakeholders at all levels have taken steps to achieve or have implemented plans for sustainable production and consumption and have kept the impacts of use of natural resources well within safe ecological limits. Target 7. By 2020 areas under agriculture, aquaculture and forestry are managed sustainably, ensuring conservation of biodiversity. Target 14. By 2020, ecosystems that provide essential services, including services related to water, and contribute to health, livelihoods and well-being, are restored and safeguarded, taking into account the needs of women, indigenous and local communities, and the poor and vulnerable. -
The Ring, the Gown, and the Apple: the Role of Magical Objects in The
Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 44 (2) 244–258 The ring, the gown, and the apple: the role of magical objects in the Byzantine vernacular romance Kallimachos and Chrysorroi Rui Carlos Fonseca Universidade de Lisboa [email protected] Magical objects play an important role in the fourteenth-century Byzantine vernacular romance Kallimachos and Chrysorroi, not due to their supernatural powers, but rather in order to make the chivalric status of the romance hero stand out, inasmuch as he does not resort to any of them to achieve his goals. Keywords: Byzantine vernacular romance; Palaeologan fiction; magical objects; supernatural; heroic behaviour In Greek literary fiction, the hero is often to be found resorting to, or being granted, magical help in order to overcome difficult tasks in a quest or to slay supernatural creatures that the ordinary man cannot face. We see this in the epic warrior in his pursuit for glory and valiant deeds, in the holy man and his fight against evil, as well as in the romance hero during his chivalric adventures and wanderings in search of his beloved princess. Although magic in general, and magical objects in particular, are not recurring motifs in ancient Greek novels,1 the topic becomes prominent in Byzantine love fiction of the Palaeologan period. The two verse romances Livistros and Rodamni (mid-thirteenth century) and Kallimachos and Chrysorroi (fourteenth century) are of great importance in this respect. Palaeologan romances cover a time range from the mid-thirteenth century up to the late fifteenth, and were recited as literary entertainment in front of an elite audience from 1 Heliodorus’ Aethiopica is the exception, being the only extant ancient Greek novel where magic is to be found. -
Complete Book of Necromancers by Steve Kurtz
2151 ® ¥DUNGEON MASTER® Rules Supplement Guide The Complete Book of Necromancers By Steve Kurtz ª Table of Contents Introduction Bodily Afflictions How to Use This Book Insanity and Madness Necromancy and the PC Unholy Compulsions What You Will Need Paid In Full Chapter 1: Necromancers Chapter 4: The Dark Art The Standard Necromancer Spell Selection for the Wizard Ability Scores Criminal or Black Necromancy Race Gray or Neutral Necromancy Experience Level Advancement Benign or White Necromancy Spells New Wizard Spells Spell Restrictions 1st-Level Spells Magic Item Restrictions 2nd-Level Spells Proficiencies 3rd-Level Spells New Necromancer Wizard Kits 4th-Level Spells Archetypal Necromancer 5th-Level Spells Anatomist 6th-Level Spells Deathslayer 7th-Level Spells Philosopher 8th-Level Spells Undead Master 9th-Level Spells Other Necromancer Kits Chapter 5: Death Priests Witch Necromantic Priesthoods Ghul Lord The God of the Dead New Nonweapon Proficiencies The Goddess of Murder Anatomy The God of Pestilence Necrology The God of Suffering Netherworld Knowledge The Lord of Undead Spirit Lore Other Priestly Resources Venom Handling Chapter 6: The Priest Sphere Chapter 2: Dark Gifts New Priest Spells Dual-Classed Characters 1st-Level Spells Fighter/Necromancer 2nd-Level Spells Thief / Necromancer 3rd-Level Spells Cleric/Necromancer 4th-Level Spells Psionicist/Necromancer 5th-Level Spells Wild Talents 6th-Level Spells Vile Pacts and Dark Gifts 7th-Level Spells Nonhuman Necromancers Chapter 7: Allies Humanoid Necromancers Apprentices Drow Necromancers -
Recreational Fishing in the Baltic Sea Region
PROTECTING THE BALTIC SEA ENVIRONMENT - WWW.CCB.SE RECREATIONAL FISHING IN THE BALTIC SEA REGION Coalition Clean Baltic Researched and written by Niki Sporrong for Coalition Clean Baltic E-mail: [email protected] Address: Östra Ågatan 53, 753 22 Uppsala, Sweden www.ccb.se © Coalition Clean Baltic 2017 With the contribution of the LIFE financial instrument of the European Community and the Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management Contents Background ...................................................................................................................4 Introduction ..................................................................................................................5 Summary .......................................................................................................................6 Terminology .................................................................................................................12 Finland (not including Åland1) .....................................................................................15 Estonia ..........................................................................................................................23 Latvia ............................................................................................................................32 Lithuania ......................................................................................................................39 Russia (Kaliningrad region) ..........................................................................................45 -
Presentation on Ghost Net Issues
YEAR ONE The Olive Ridley Project, founded in the Maldives in 2013, attempts to identify key factors contributing to ghost net production in the Indian Ocean. WHAT ARE GHOST NETS? Ghost nets are fishing nets that have been discarded, abandoned or lost in the ocean. SILENT KILLERS Nets will often be taken by oceanic currents and travel huge distances. This means that their detrimental effects can be prevalent far from their original point of entry into the water. They will entangle many threatened animals along the way. MANATEES RAYS SEA BIRDS SEA TURTLES SHARKS DOLPHINS WHALES Coral reefs can also be smothered and fouled by nets causing further loss of life. ARABIAN SEA BAY OF BENGAL INDIA ACTION SRI LANKA The Olive Ridley Project is working to tackle the ghost net problem in MALDIVES the Indian Ocean using four main focus areas: Research, awareness, removal and recycling. SEYCHELLES TURTLES 66 ENTANGLED IN GHOST NETS 1 GREEN TURTLES 4 HAWKSBILL TURTLES 61 OLIVE RIDLEY TURTLES 3 NOONU BAA 23 3 LHAVIYANI 13 NORTH MALE ARI 13 8 SOUTH MALE DHAALU 2 LOCATIONS OF ENTANGLEMENTS MALDIVES 1 GAAFU ALIFU TURTLES OLIVE RIDLEYS 66 ENTANGLED IN GHOST NETS 61 ANALYSED TURTLES FOUND ENTANGLED SEX/AGE Olive Ridley, Hawksbill and Green Olive Ridley JAN 18 FEB 6 MALE 1 MAR 13 JUVENILE 47 APR 2 FEMALE 5 UNKNOWN 8 MAY 3 JUN 1 JUL 10 AUG 5 SEP 0 OCT 1 NOV 0 DEC 2 In its first year, the Olive Ridley Project found that 77% of turtles 77% recorded in ghost nets were juveniles.