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Fairey Battle Words: W DATABASE FAIREY BATTLE WORDS: W. A. HARRISON | Development | Te chnical Details | In Service | Insights ABOVE: AtrioofBattleIs—K7578, K7580and K7575—fromNo105 Squadron formate forthe camera. AEROPLANE 15 IN-DEPTH Page 88 LIGHT BOMBER FOR THE MONOPLANEANE ERAERA PAGES Page 91 ASTRONG, ADAPTABLE DESIGN Page 93 AT WAR AGAINST THE ODDS Page 100 “JUST TOO EASY TO FLY” AEROPLANEJUNE2016www.aeroplanemonthly.com 87 Development twas during August Among those offered by Fairey loads could be carried up to a The need for 1932 that the Battle was atwin-engined machine with maximum of 1,250lb (567kg), saga really began, separate twin cockpits, powered later altered to 1,000lb (453.6kg) with an Air Ministry by two Fairey P12 Prince engines. over 1,000 miles (1,609.9km). Tare rapid RAF speciIfication calling for studies Performance was good with a weight was not to exceed 6,300lb to replace the Hawker Hart and maximum speed of over 300mph. (2,857.6kg), and it was to have expansion saw Hind biplane bombers. TheAir It was turned down by the Air one 0.303in machine gun in the Staff,via operational requirement Ministryasoutside the requirement, starboardwing, although the Air OR7, asked for adesign to carry which sought alight bomber Ministryfelt this would not be Fairey’s new a1,000lb bomb load for 1,000 poweredbyasingle engine. needed if the bombers were to fly miles at 200mph. Thedirector of Thenew bomber was not in formation! Theengine could be light bomber technical development offered a dissimilar in that it was to havea any British type that had passed newspecification, P27/32, which crew of two, pilot and observer, the Service Type Test of 100 hours was sent out to the aircraft industry in their ownseparate cockpits. within ayear of tendering to the being ordered in on 12 April 1933. Armstrong Itsmaximum speed was specified specification, and the propeller Whitworth, Boulton Paul, Bristol, initially as not less than 195mph could be made of wood or metal. quantity,despite Fairey,Gloster,Hawker,Vickers (314km/h) at 10,000ft (304.8m), Fairey and Armstrong Whitworth and Westland tendered designs, and service ceiling as 22,000ft were contracted to construct one lacklustre examined that November. (6,147m). Acombination of bomb prototype each. TheArmstrong performance 88 www.aeroplanemonthly.com AEROPLANEJUNE2016 FAIREY BATTLE DATABASE | Whitworth AW29 (serial K4299) was not arecognised aeroengine (subsequently designated Merlin I) Initial Battle test flying was was built, but the company had manufacturer.Consequently it was with ‘letterbox’ exhaust manifolds shared by Staniland and FltLt Development embarked on the Ensign and decided to opt for the Merlin. and atwo-position, three-bladed Duncan Menzies. K4303 was flown Whitley programmes, so it was The first flight of the Fairey de Havilland propeller,hewas more in July 1936 to the Aeroplane pushed into the background. Not machine —named Battle on 2 enthusiastic. andArmament Experimental until 6December 1936 did it fly. April 1936 —was delayed due to Aspinner fitted to the propeller Establishment (A&AEE) at Following awheels-up landing, the Merlin problems. Fairey’s chief test on early test flights was abandoned Martlesham Heath for handling AW29 was abandoned in favour of pilot FltLtChristopher Staniland and Battles rarely flew with and performance trials. Pilots noted the Whitley. eventually got airborne in prototype spinners after that. Thecanopy was that the aircraft’s handling was Fairey’s single-engined aircraft K4303 at the company’s Great redesigned to merge with the rear docile throughout the speed range, was to be poweredbythe company’s West Aerodrome, today beneath fuselage, making it much more although the rudder appeared to be | ownPrince engine rated at 710hp. Heathrow,on10March 1936. attractive. Thepress noticed these sluggish, and general performance Te Realising that this would leaveit Initially Staniland accepted the changes when K4303 was displayed was disappointing. It was found to underpowered, within ayear it was type’s performance but suggested at Hendon on 27 June 1936 in haveamaximum speed of 257mph chnical Details being offered at asupercharged some slight improvements such the ‘Special Aircraft, Past and (414km/h) at 15,000ft (4,575m) 835hp,only abit shortofthe as modified elevators and rudder Present’park. It had a flat wing, the with a1,000lb (454kg) bomb load. proposed Rolls-RoyceMerlin II of to improvehandling. Alittle introduction of slight dihedral on RAF interest waned at this stage, 880hp. TheAir Ministryrefused later,when it was fitted with a production machines enhancing the but political pressureand agreat to consider the Fairey unit as it morepowerful 1,030hp Merlin F aircraft’s ability to bank. demand to equip newly-formed BELOW: FirstprototypeK4303 duringatest flightinthe handsofFlt Lt ChristopherStaniland. AEROPLANE | In Service | Insights AEROPLANEJUNE2016www.aeroplanemonthly.com 89 DATABASE FAIREY BATTLE out from the newManchester airportatRingway.However, prior to the opening of Ringway the first 21 flights by Battles were carried out at nearbyBarton. On 14 April 1937, Menzies, the chief production test pilot at the northern complex, took initial production Battle IK7558 on its maiden flight. Ringway was opened on 8June 1937 with Menzies giving aspirited display in Battle K7563. TheAir Ministryapproached Austin Motors in February1936 about manufacturing Battle wings, and in 1938 complete aircraft. For test flying an airstrip was prepared at Northfield, almost alongside the plant at Longbridge in Birmingham. However, in winter it would not be suitable for test flying, so on their first flights the Battles were ferried to RAF Castle Bromwich wheretesting could take place. Chief test pilot for Austin was Capt Neville Stack AFC, who had asmall team including Jim Mollison to help him. The first ABOVE: Battles on thelineat Austin-built Battle L4935 was theopening of Fairey’s plantat FaireyBattle Iand II specifications HeatonChapel, Stockport, in flownfromNorthfield on 22 June 1937. AEROPLANE July 1938. Theinitial 59 POWERPLANT Battles to emerge from the Austin bomber squadrons with modern One Rolls-Royce Merlin I(Battle I) or Merlin II (Battle II), 1,030hp plant were poweredbythe Merlin equipment, identified for this task II, followedbythe Merlin III, DIMENSIONS under Scheme Cofthe service’s which became the type’s standard expansion plan, overruled the Air Length: 42ft 4in (12.9m) engine (although some aircraft in Ministry. The firstBattle order Height:15ft(4.57m) service used the improved Merlin was placed in June 1935, for a Span: 54ft 0in (16.46m) IV and V). substantial total of 155 aircraft. WEIGHTS Production at Heaton Chapel This allowedfactories, including started in May1937 and ended the new‘shadow’ facilities, to set up Empty: 6,647lb (3,015kg) in November 1940, while at for mass production ready for the Max take-off: 10,792lb (4,895kg) Austin it began in October 1938 advent of the newheavybombers PERFORMANCE and ran until October 1940. The that were already on the drawing figures usually quoted state that boards. Theproduction Battle I Maximum speed (15,000ft): 257mph (407km/h) 2,201 Battles were built. However, was ordered to revised specification Serviceceiling: 25,000ft (7,620m) MinistryofAircraft Production P23/35, incorporating changes Range: 1,100 miles (1,769m) at 200mph and records showthe following: from the prototype form. 16,000ft With Fairey’s Hayesproduction ARMAMENT Year Fairey AustinTotal line already full with Swordfish and Albacores, and the planned One 0.303in (7.62cm) machine gun in starboard wing 1937 81 -81 One Vickers 0.303in (7.62cm) machine gun in rear cockpit 1938 352 28 380 Barracuda to come, afactory 1939 513 524 1,037 complex was set up at Heaton Four 250Ib (113.4kg) bombs in recessed wing bays Two250Ib (113.4kg) bombs under each outer wing panel 1940 218 480 698 Chapel in Stockport, with final 1,164 1,032 2,198 assembly and test flying carried BELOW: The Battle’s debut in the‘SpecialAircraft, Past andPresent’ park at Hendon’s RAFDisplay in 1936. AEROPLANE Technical Details | Development | Te chnical Details | In Service | ABOVE: An earlyBattleundergoes work at HeatonChapel. Chalkedonthe fuselageside just Insights belowthe cockpit arethe words‘Outofboundstoall ranksand civilians’. AEROPLANE he final design, by frame with small brackets. Abutted sections. Wing ribs containing large To the Battle Marcel Lobelle, a flat skin joint was fitted above each circular flanged lightening holes domiciled Belgian who longeron, closurebeing made by a were further strengthened by deep- had become head of the double rivet line through the skin edged flanges pressed from light design’s credit, FaTirey design team, was elegant and and the outer flange on both sides of alloyand attached to the spars by streamlined with the crew under one the longeron. Therear monocoque means of angle brackets. Thewing it wasstrong long, continuous canopy.Itresulted portion of the fuselage was built ribs supported continuous Z-section in aremarkably robust, easy-to-build separately from the centresection of span-wise stringers, separate from airframe, which proved simple to the mainplane. the wing skinning. Alight alloywing and adaptable flyand at the same time adaptable Therest of the fuselage structure skin was applied in long, flat strips, for other roles. It was the first Fairey consisted of doubling up some of overlapping as on the fuselage skins, aircraft to use light alloystressed the frames in the tail cone for the with single rows of rivets through skin. fixing of brackets to which the the overlap and Z-stringer below. All Themonocoque oval-section finand rudder could be bolted. the moveable control surfaces were airframe was built up of light alloy Thefuselage ahead of the pilot’s fabric-coveredmetal frames. hoop frames pressed out in single bulkhead comprised asteel tube Split trailing-edge flaps were pieces, each notched to receive structuresupporting the pilot’s of metal and connected at their the four special longerons and cockpit flooring and fireproof inner ends via universal joints.
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