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Open Door Policy and the Boxer Rebellion in CHINA Map of China Open Door Policy

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Open Door Policy and the Boxer Rebellion in CHINA Map of China Open Door Policy Open Door Policy and the Boxer Rebellion in CHINA Map of China Open Door Policy U.S. sees the Philippines and Guam as stepping stones to China U.S. wanted to convert Chinese into Christians; Open up trade with China 1800’s the European powers divided China in the Spheres of Influence , which restricted the U.S. from trading with China Hay’s sent notes saying that China was open for free trade Spheres of Influence Austria, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Japan, and Russia all claimed exclusive trading rights to certain parts of China. They were dividing China into "spheres of influence." Some even claimed to own the territory within their spheres. By acquiring the Philippines, the United States became an Asian power too. Now, with a strong base of operations just 400 miles from China, American businesses hoped to take advantage of China's vast resources. The foreign spheres of influence, however, threatened their ambitions. Map of Spheres of Influence Open Door Policy Issued by McKinley’s Secretary of State John Hay Open trade throughout all of China End spheres of influence Open Door Policy would guarantee equal trading rights for all and prevent one nation from discriminating against another within its sphere. U.S. Secretary of State John Hay U.S. Secretary of State Guided the diplomacy of the country during the critical period of its entry as a great power Promoter of the Open Door Policy Designed to counter the trade towards divisive spheres of influence on the Orient The Boxer Rebellion • The Open Door policy did not stop the Boxer Rebellion, however. ⇓⇓⇓ • Boxer was the popular name for members of the secret group called the Society of Harmonious Fists, who practiced a system of exercise they thought would protect them from bullets. The Boxer Rebellion (cont.) • The Boxers were upset over foreign influence in China. ⇓⇓⇓ • They especially disliked Christian missionaries and Chinese converts to Christianity. ⇓⇓⇓ • They killed Christians and foreigners, including the German envoy to Beijing. Boxer Rebels Empress of China • Empress Tzu-Hsi was Ruler of China who wanted to reassert authority of the Chinese Empire ⇓⇓⇓ • She supported Boxer Rebels. ⇓⇓⇓ • Tsu Hsiwas defeated by European and Imperialist powers Empress of China (contd) While outside powers bickered over who would control China, Tzu-Hsi issued an imperial message to all the Chinese provinces. The present situation is becoming daily more difficult. The various Powers cast upon us looks of tiger-like voracity, hustling each other to be first to seize our innermost territories. Should the strong enemies become aggressive and press us to consent to things we can never accept, we have no alternative but to rely upon the justice of our cause. If our . hundreds of millions of inhabitants . would prove their loyalty to their emperor and love of their country, what is there to fear from any invader? Let us not think about making peace. International Relief Force When Boxers lay siege to “foreign devils” outside of the Forbidden city, international troops are sent. Eight countries participate, defeat Boxers, and establish “Open Door” Policy Display of Power Continues Roosevelt sends “The Great White Fleet” to show American Naval Power Great White Fleet US becomes 2 nd naval power in the world. Great Britain is still #1. Roosevelt sends 8 battleships (painted white) around the world to display American strength. Great White Fleet.
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