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Coastal Management in Pak Phanang: a Historical Perspective of the Resources and Issues

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Coastal Management in Pak Phanang: a Historical Perspective of the Resources and Issues Old town of Pak Phanang. .t1*.,,* - ....s APPENDIX 1 near the mouth of the river. There are many housesalong the side of the river, as the populationin the town is over 46,000. Letter From King Rama V There are a lot of Chinese,mainly Hainan; to the Crown Prince a few are Hock Kien and there is a small group of Tae Chew. The people greeted Chakd Royal Barge me from their boats along the river. Our 9 July 1905 boatmeandered along the river andbrought me to the new rice mill named after Koh Dear Crown Prince of Siam, Hak Gnee. The Hak Gnee familv invited me to open the ceremony, I was served This is more information to report to you, Chinesesoup at thedistrict officer's house, following my previousletter. the new district office is as big as the one beingbuilt in Pattani.The commissioners In themorning of the8th of July at9:00 am, and the sailors were served Thai food. a fast dugouttook me to PakPhanangfrom Plenty of presentswere prepared for the Nakhon Bay, which is at the bottom of King, suchas rice, sugar, fruits, sweetsand Laem Talumpuk. The trip took almost medicines. Crowds of people were three hours; we used the dugout not for waiting to praisethe King, both on the land enjoyment but becausethe water is and alongsidethe river. There were Thai, shallow.The PakPhanang River is aswide Chineseand Malaysianculture shows. I as Chao Praya River in Bangkok. The left about 3:30 pm and returned to the house of a district head officer is situated Chakd Bargeat about8:00 pm. *. -eJ Sam Pan Boat. r{rsttrsl:S NOTE TO READER October 1, 2006 THIS IS A SEARCHABLE PDF DOCUMENT This document has been created in Adobe Acrobat Professional 6.0 by scanning the best available original paper copy. The page images may be cropped and blank numbered pages deleted in order to reduce file size, however the full text and graphics of the original are preserved. The resulting page images have been processed to recognize characters (optical character recognition, OCR) so that most of the text of the original, as well as some words and numbers on tables and graphics are searchable and selectable. To print the document with the margins as originally published, do not use page scaling in the printer set up. This document is posted to the web site of the Coastal Resources Center, Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island 220 South Ferry Road Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA 02882 Telephone: 401.874.6224 http://www.crc.uri.edu Citation: Boromthanarat, S., Cobb, S., Lee, V. (1991). Coastal Management in Pak Phanang: A Historical Perspective of the Resources and Issues. Hat Yai, Thailand: Coastal Resources Institute, Prince of Songkla University This document is posted to the web in eleven segments to retain the highest possible quality. The complete set of files are: PakPhanang_Title.pdf PakPhanang_Chapter1.pdf Introduction PakPhanang_Chapter2.pdf Local Climate: Is It Changing? PakPhanang_Chapter3.pdf Fresh Water: A Prime Concern PakPhanang_Chapter4.pdf Sedimentation: The Bay Is Filling In PakPhanang_Chapter5.pdf Rice : The Traditional Source of Prosperity In Trouble PakPhanang_Chapter6.pdf Fisheries: Can They Survive? PakPhanang_Chapter7.pdf Boom and Bust: Cycle of Trade and Prosperity PakPhanang_Chapter8.pdf Conflicts of Good Intentions: A Perspective PakPhanang_Chapter9.pdf Putting the Pieces Together PakPhanang_Chapter10.pdf Appendices and References Pak Phanang is a well-known district. It is a much bigger town than I had thought. There is shallow water only about 200 sen are seen in Khlong Sukhum. In the ~ak (about 8 km) into the bay from the mouth Phanang River there are about 3 1 Chinese of the river; the rest of the river is deep up Sam Pan and Malay Kum Pun ships. to the rice mill, where the water is about 6 Eighteen ships were from Trang Kanu, meters deep, and in the wet season, boats Malaysia. The most important goods are as big as Pali and Sukreep in Bangkok can rice, fish and pig, but the latter is not much. come there. Beyond the rice mill, we Most of the merchant ships come from reached Pak Praek where two rivers join, Malaysia and Singapore. The East Asiatic one river runs along the sea down to Company has an office in Pak Phanang for Tambon Tung Pung Krai which is a very shipping goods from Pak Phanang to productive rice field--more productive, the Bangkok. Most of the rice has been sent to Chinese said, than Klong Rang Sit in the rice mill in Bangkok because of the 3 Bangkok. They also said that there is more lack of mechanized rice milling here. low land suitable to grow 10 times more However, at the time of my visit, there are q tens of unmechanized rice mills along the rice than is being produced now, and we -4 can probably build up to 10 rice mills here, river. but there isa lack of labor. Of all of the rice fields in Nakhon Si Thammarat, not one is Pak Phanang is a wealthy town. If you as productive as those in Pak Phanang. compare Pak Phanang town with Songkhla Steam driven boats as big as Si Province, the tax i8ncomeof Pak Phanang is Thammarat (a boat in Bangkok) can go only 20,000 baht less than that of Songkhla through the Pak Phanang River in the dry Province. There-isno port town on the east season up to Tung Pung Krai. In the rainy coast of the southern Peninsula as good as season such a boat can get all the way to Pak Phanang. The one problem at Pak Ranot district and Songkhla Lake. ,' Phanang is that the outlet of the bay is too shallow, for: big boats to enter. There is a The other river runs west to Pran District, demand for dredging and the Hak Gnee where there are plenty of big trees. The family offered 80,000 baht to dredge it Hak Gnee family asked permission to cut deeper. The Chinese customers agreed trees and build a sawmill beside the rice that the river should be dredged yearly and mill, using arice steamengine even though offered to pay the cost every year the machinery is not yet set up. I saw many according to the size of their boats, logs along the banks of the river. because it is much cheaper than the cost of labor and small boats to transport their Avother way to go from Muang District goods over the shoals. They also (Nakhon Si Thammarat) to Pak Phanang suggested the closureof Khlong Bang Chak . is via Khlong Pak Phraya to Khlong Bang in order to block the intrusion of salt water - Chak. out to the bay, and then to the into Khlong Sukhum so the flow of water y Pak Phanang River. Praya Sukhum in Khlong Sukhum will be stronger and (a government official) dug a canal there will be enough freshwater to supply connecting the villages and Pak Phanang Pak Phanang. Then Pak Phanang will be to Khlong Bang Chak. the big harbor in Nakhon Si Thamrnarat. Some geographical location of places mentioned in King Rama V's letter. y'prisoners from Nalahon Si Thhnain trouble here is that there uitos. I could &bs1eep - uit* net, and even- K -. itten by mosquitos. From here3 will stop at Pa-Ngan Island canal would be 'affected. and Angthong Island in Chumphon Bay. Thenwe will go to Si ChungJsland which I The villdgers alway say that I hive already visited earlier. Chipese did not ,wa&to do big bush& there. When they rpady an income of From now on there seems not to be time for 1,000-2,000 coins, they usually stopped letters to travel before I arrive perso'naJly. -a their business and returned home. The Tae 1 Chew am different, and realize that this is a good place to do business. They want to King of Siam (Rama V) ' $0 'more business here, and hcqk that more chasewill come and the toh,will grow 4so it will compete well wi& ~on~khlaReference: Letterfrom Prbvthce. Now they have only telephones, son. First pu~%ih but the&hi?ese cuspkners a190 need to 1977.. Chulalongk - .L- 1 servjce. 4, 1 Society, Bangkok. Also publish& inWfpak * ~hankn~,"Ppk. Phnnang ~ch@~lumni is as good for making bkck Sociery Reunion, April 13, I as ~ongkhiasnil. The iew big district Phanang, p. 44-46. I - w cl : APPENDIX 2 ysical factors that made Pak Phanang a good port for trade of goods B- m ?. i (!I on the east coast. The port here became I PORT TOWVS ON' 'I'tIE EAST bigger and replaced the port of Nakhon Si COAST OF OLD 'I'tIAIIAND Thammarat which got to be too shallow. The population increased so that it became 'I Pak Phanang as a New Port in one of the most populated towns during the ',",X&hon Si Thamniarat Hay reigns of King RamaV and King Rama VI. Pak Phanang was situated to control the !Icouldn't trace how old the port in Nakhon price of goods and merchandise transported Thammarat Bay is because there is no to and from Nakhon Si Thammarat written reference and the Chinese (Nakhon Si Thammarat was the center of . shipwrecks sunk in the bay have not been the southern region so this was a very excavated. So I have estimated from the important position). geographic and archaeological evidence (old foreign coins and ancient storage jars Pak Phanang was a trading port with sunk in the bay). Singapore, Malaysia, and the provinces of Songkhla, Surat Thani, Chumphon, Pak Phanang's location was appropriate Prachuab, Chantaburi and Bangkok.
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