A History of US Trade Policy
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
X001132127.Pdf
' ' ., ,�- NONIMPORTATION AND THE SEARCH FOR ECONOMIC INDEPENDENCE IN VIRGINIA, 1765-1775 BRUCE ALLAN RAGSDALE Charlottesville, Virginia B.A., University of Virginia, 1974 M.A., University of Virginia, 1980 A Dissertation Presented to the Graduate Faculty of the University of Virginia in Candidacy for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Corcoran Department of History University of Virginia May 1985 © Copyright by Bruce Allan Ragsdale All Rights Reserved May 1985 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction: 1 Chapter 1: Trade and Economic Development in Virginia, 1730-1775 13 Chapter 2: The Dilemma of the Great Planters 55 Chapter 3: An Imperial Crisis and the Origins of Commercial Resistance in Virginia 84 Chapter 4: The Nonimportation Association of 1769 and 1770 117 Chapter 5: The Slave Trade and Economic Reform 180 Chapter 6: Commercial Development and the Credit Crisis of 1772 218 Chapter 7: The Revival Of Commercial Resistance 275 Chapter 8: The Continental Association in Virginia 340 Bibliography: 397 Key to Abbreviations used in Endnotes WMQ William and Mary Quarterly VMHB Virginia Magazine of History and Biography Hening William Waller Hening, ed., The Statutes at Large; Being� Collection of all the Laws Qf Virginia, from the First Session of the Legislature in the year 1619, 13 vols. Journals of the House of Burgesses of Virginia Rev. Va. Revolutionary Virginia: The Road to Independence, 7 vols. LC Library of Congress PRO Public Record Office, London co Colonial Office UVA Manuscripts Department, Alderman Library, University of Virginia VHS Virginia Historical Society VSL Virginia State Library Introduction Three times in the decade before the Revolution. Vir ginians organized nonimportation associations as a protest against specific legislation from the British Parliament. -
The Macroeconomic Effects of Banking Crises Evidence from the United Kingdom, 1750-1938 Kenny, Seán; Lennard, Jason; Turner, John D
The Macroeconomic Effects of Banking Crises Evidence from the United Kingdom, 1750-1938 Kenny, Seán; Lennard, Jason; Turner, John D. 2017 Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Kenny, S., Lennard, J., & Turner, J. D. (2017). The Macroeconomic Effects of Banking Crises: Evidence from the United Kingdom, 1750-1938. (Lund Papers in Economic History: General Issues; No. 165). Department of Economic History, Lund University. Total number of authors: 3 General rights Unless other specific re-use rights are stated the following general rights apply: Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Read more about Creative commons licenses: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. LUND UNIVERSITY PO Box 117 221 00 Lund +46 46-222 00 00 Lund Papers in Economic History No. 165, 2017 General Issues The Macroeconomic Effects of Banking Crises: Evidence from the United Kingdom, 1750-1938 Seán Kenny, Jason Lennard & John D. -
Congressional Reoord- House
.950 CONGRESSIONAL _REOORD- _HOUSE. JANUAR~ 11, Asst:- Surg. l\forton W. Bak~r to be a passed assistant sur PHILIPPINE TARIFF. geon in the Navy from the 10th·day of July, -1905, upon the com Mr. PAYNE. -Mr, Speaker, I move that the House resotve pletion of three years' service in his present grade. itself into the Committee of the Whole House on the state of Asst. Surg. James H. Holloway to be a passed assistant sur the Union for the further consideration of the bill H. R. 3, and geon in the Navy from the 26th day of September, 1905, upon the pending that I ask unanimous consent that general debate on completion of three years' service in his present grade. this bill be closed at the final rising of the committee on SatUr- Gunner Charles B. Babson t-o be a chief gunner in the Navy, day ·of this week. · · from the 27th day of April, 1904, baving completed six years' The SPEAKER. The gentleman from New York asks unani service, in accordance with the provisions of section 12 of the mous consent that general debate on House bill No. 3 be closed "Navy personnel act," approved March 3, 1899, as amended by ·SatUrday next at the adjournment of the House. · the act of April 27, 1904. Mr. UNDERWOOD. Mr. Speaker, I would like to ask the Carpenter Joseph M. Simms to be a chief carpenter in the gentleman from New York as to whether he has consulted with Navy :from the 6th day of June, 1905, upon the completion of Mr. -
Adam Smith, Free Banking, and the Financial Crisis of 1772 by Tyler
REVIEW: Legislating Instability: Adam Smith, Free Banking, and the Financial Crisis of 1772 by Tyler Beck Goodspeed PABLO PANIAGUA Web: https://www.pablopaniaguaprieto.com Goodspeed, Tyler Beck. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2016, 224 pages, $39.95 1. INTRODUCTION effectively absorbed several economic shocks that affected the economies of Scotland and England and threatened the Years after the recent economic and banking crisis, policy stability of financial markets. Scotland operated in a highly makers and economists are still discussing how we should competitive and lightly regulated environment that had no reform our banking systems so that they can be more resil- central bank to act as a lender of last resort, no monopo- ient. It has become conventional wisdom in the post–Great list issuer of currency, no legal restrictions on entry, no ex 78 Recession literature to attribute to the banking sector and ante binding limits on the number and size of banks, and fi- COSMOS + TAXIS COSMOS its fragilities the causes and length of the economic crisis nally no capital and reserve requirements (p. 7). Yet despite and its capacity to rapidly spread to the whole economy. the lack of all those formal rules, governmental support, This emphasis on banks has obviously led governments to and explicit state-created institutions, the Scottish bank- lay special focus on banking reform and banking restric- ing system was remarkably more stable and robust than the tions, and to adopt a severely pessimistic view regarding the English system. inherent fragility of banking systems. The book addresses in depth the institutional structure Despite the fact that Goodspeed’s book does not address of Scottish banks and the wide forms of bank competition the current financial crisis, his historical analysis concern- during the Scottish free-banking period, both of which ing the Scottish free-banking period and his novel interpre- helped the banks (and the system) to become more resilient tation of the Ayr (Douglas, Heron & Co.) bank crisis are a than their English counterparts. -
Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962: Industrial Fasteners, Machine Tools and Beyond David D
Maryland Journal of International Law Volume 10 | Issue 1 Article 4 Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962: Industrial Fasteners, Machine Tools and Beyond David D. Knoll Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/mjil Part of the International Law Commons Recommended Citation David D. Knoll, Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962: Industrial Fasteners, Machine Tools and Beyond, 10 Md. J. Int'l L. 55 (1986). Available at: http://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/mjil/vol10/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UM Carey Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Maryland Journal of International Law by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UM Carey Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SECTION 232 OF THE TRADE EXPANSION ACT OF 1962: INDUSTRIAL FASTENERS, MACHINE TOOLS AND BEYOND By DAVID D. KNOLL B.Com., LL.B University of New South Wales; LL.M University of Michigan; Attorney, Solicitor and Proctor of the Supreme Court of New South Wales; Associate with Jones, Day, Reavis and Pogue, Cleveland, Ohio. I. THE NEED FOR IMPORT CONTROLS AND NATIONAL SE- CURITY IN UNITED STATES LAW ....................... 55 II. THE NEED FOR IMPORT CONTROL PURSUANT TO SECTION 232 OF THE TRADE EXPANSION ACT ................... 56 A . Legislative H istory ............................ 56 B. Deterrence, Security and Free Trade in the 1980s . 59 III. G.A.T.T. IMPLICATIONS OF SECTION 232 .............. 60 IV. DEFINITIONAL ISSUES FOR A SECTION 232 INVESTIGATION 61 V. THE PROCESS OF A SECTION 232 INVESTIGATION ....... 64 VI. -
Maryland Historical Magazine, 1976, Volume 71, Issue No. 3
AKfLAND •AZIN Published Quarterly by the Maryland Historical Society FALL 1976 Vol. 71, No. 3 BOARD OF EDITORS JOSEPH L. ARNOLD, University of Maryland, Baltimore County JEAN BAKER, Goucher College GARY BROWNE, Wayne State University JOSEPH W. COX, Towson State College CURTIS CARROLL DAVIS, Baltimore RICHARD R. DUNCAN, Georgetown University RONALD HOFFMAN, University of Maryland, College Park H. H. WALKER LEWIS, Baltimore EDWARD C. PAPENFUSE, Hall of Records BENJAMIN QUARLES, Morgan State College JOHN B. BOLES, Editor, Towson State College NANCY G. BOLES, Assistant Editor RICHARD J. COX, Manuscripts MARY K. MEYER, Genealogy MARY KATHLEEN THOMSEN, Graphics FORMER EDITORS WILLIAM HAND BROWNE, 1906-1909 LOUIS H. DIELMAN, 1910-1937 JAMES W. FOSTER, 1938-1949, 1950-1951 HARRY AMMON, 1950 FRED SHELLEY, 1951-1955 FRANCIS C. HABER 1955-1958 RICHARD WALSH, 1958-1967 RICHARD R. DUNCAN, 1967-1974 P. WILLIAM FILBY, Director ROMAINE S. SOMERVILLE, Assistant Director The Maryland Historical Magazine is published quarterly by the Maryland Historical Society, 201 W. Monument Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201. Contributions and correspondence relating to articles, book reviews, and any other editorial matters should be addressed to the Editor in care of the Society. All contributions should be submitted in duplicate, double-spaced, and consistent with the form out- lined in A Manual of Style (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1969). The Maryland Historical Society disclaims responsibility for statements made by contributors. Composed and printed at Waverly Press, Inc., Baltimore, Maryland 21202,. Second-class postage paid at Baltimore, Maryland. © 1976, Maryland Historical Society. 6 0F ^ ^^^f^i"^^lARYLA/ i ^ RECORDS LIBRARY \9T6 00^ 26 HIST NAPOLIS, M^tl^ND Fall 1976 #. -
David M. Brooks
David M. Brooks School of Engineering and Applied Sciences [email protected] Maxwell-Dworkin Laboratories, Room 141 www.eecs.harvard.edu/~dbrooks/ 33 Oxford Street Phone: (617) 495-3989 Cambridge, MA 02138 Fax: (617) 495-2489 Education Princeton University. Doctor of Philosophy in Electrical Engineering, 2001. Princeton University. Master of Arts in Electrical Engineering, 1999. University of Southern California. Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering, 1997. Academic and Professional Experience Gordon McKay Professor of Computer Science, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University (July 2009{Present). • Areas of Interest: Computer Architecture, Embedded and High-Performance Computer System Design. • Pursuing research in computer architectures and the hardware/software interface, particularly systems that are designed for technology constraints such as power dissipation, reliability, and design variability. John L. Loeb Associate Professor of the Natural Sciences, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University (July 2007{June 2009). Associate Professor of Computer Science, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University (July 2006{June 2009). Assistant Professor of Computer Science, Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Har- vard University (September 2002-July 2006). Research Staff Member, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, (September 2001{September 2002). Research Assistant, Princeton University, (July 1997{September 2001). Research Intern, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, (June 2000{September 2000). Research Intern, Intel Corporation, (June 1999{September 1999). Honors and Awards Papers selected for IEEE Micro's \Top Picks in Computer Architecture" special issue in 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, and 2010. Best Paper Award, International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture, 2009. DARPA/MTO Young Faculty Award, 2007. -
MIT Press Journals
MIT Press Journals 2019 catalog Table of Contents General Information 1 Advertising 1 Journal Packages 2 Selected Books 45 Ordering Information 46 Subscription Form 47 Publishing with the MIT Press 48 Science & Technology Artificial Life 4 Computational Linguistics 5 Computational Psychiatry 6 Evolutionary Computation 7 Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 8 Linguistic Inquiry 9 Network Neuroscience 10 Neural Computation 11 Neurobiology of Language 12 Open Mind 13 Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 14 Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 15 The Arts & Humanities African Arts 16 ARTMargins 17 Computer Music Journal 18 Dædalus 19 Design Issues 20 Grey Room 21 JoDS: Journal of Design and Science 22 Leonardo 23 Leonardo Music Journal 24 The New England Quarterly 25 October 26 PAJ: A Journal of Performance and Art 27 Projections 28 TDR/The Drama Review 29 Thresholds 30 inside front cover Table of Contents General Information 1 Advertising 1 Journal Packages 2 Selected Books 45 Ordering Information 46 Subscription Form 47 Publishing with the MIT Press 48 Science & Technology Artificial Life 4 Computational Linguistics 5 Computational Psychiatry 6 Evolutionary Computation 7 Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 8 Linguistic Inquiry 9 Network Neuroscience 10 Neural Computation 11 Neurobiology of Language 12 Open Mind 13 Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 14 Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 15 The Arts & Humanities African Arts 16 ARTMargins 17 Computer Music Journal 18 -
Journals 2016 Catalog Directors’ Letter
MIT Press Journals 2016 catalog Directors’ Letter Dear Friends, The MIT Press celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2012, and the inclination to ponder our distinguished history remains strong, perhaps even more so this year with the change in Press leadership—Amy Brand was named Director of the MIT Press in July of 2015. The Press’s journals division, which was founded in 1972, ten years after the books division, also has a significant publishing legacy to consider, with over 80 journals published since the division’s inception. Some, such as Linguistic Inquiry and The Journal of Interdisciplinary History, have grown with us from the very beginning. Other core titles like International Security, October, The Review of Economics and Statistics and Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience joined the Press over the following decades, providing a solid base for the high-quality and innovative scholarship that our journals division is well known for. Today, we continue to push the boundaries of scholarly publishing and communication. We relish discovering new fields to publish in, and working with scholars who are establishing new domains of research and inquiry. In keeping with that spirit, the Press is proud to launch a new open access journal in 2016, Computational Psychiatry, to serve a burgeoning field that brings together experts in neuroscience, decision sciences, psychiatry, and computation modeling to apply new quantitative techniques to our understanding of psychiatric disorders. Developing new ways of delivering journal articles and providing a richer range of metrics around their usage and impact is another current effort. On our mitpressjournals.org site, the Press is providing Altmetric badges for select titles to give an improved sense of the breadth of a journal article’s reach. -
Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) and Its Role in U.S
Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) and Its Role in U.S. Trade Policy J. F. Hornbeck Specialist in International Trade and Finance August 5, 2013 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R41922 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) and Its Role in U.S. Trade Policy Summary Congress created Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) in the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 to help workers and firms adjust to dislocation that may be caused by increased trade liberalization. It is justified now, as it was then, on grounds that the government has an obligation to help the “losers” of policy-driven trade opening. TAA is also presented as an alternative to policies that would restrict imports, and so provides assistance while bolstering freer trade and diminishing prospects for potentially costly tension (retaliation) among trade partners. As in the past, critics strongly debate the merits of TAA on equity, efficiency, and budgetary grounds. Nonetheless, finding agreement on TAA remains important for forging a compromise on national trade policy. TAA program authorizations are scheduled to expire on December 31, 2013. The Trade Adjustment Assistance Extension Act of 2013 (S. 1357) was introduced in the 113th Congress. It would extend TAA programs through 2020. President Obama also supports TAA reauthorization, linking it to renewal of Trade Promotion Authority (TPA), which Congress may also take up this year. This report discusses the role of TAA in U.S. trade policy from its inception as a legislative option in the early 1950s to its core role as a cornerstone of modern trade policy that many argue has served to promote the long-term U.S. -
February . 1.1, E X T E N S I 0 N S 0 F R E· M a R
2374 CONGRESSIONAL ~ RECORD-· SENATE February . 1.1, we are hypnotized by' this", -and by overly ,.. It is up- to ..us- who now occupy .om.ce ·· Lt. Gen. Alfred Dodd Starbird, 018961, meticulous: attention-to the question of in the legislative.. and executive branches Army of the United States (brigadier gen of all who 'Of e:tal, U.S. Army). whether or- not the military menace to the Government, ·and have Maj. Gen. William Jonas Ely, 018974, Army us Is inereased or decreased fractionally ficial responsibilities, earnestly to search o! the United States (brigadier general, U.S. by the l)reseoce or absence of certain for an answer to·the problem, and ear .Army). tYPes -or quantities of military forces, nestly and ' honestly apply ourselves in Maj. Gen. Harold Keith Johnson, 019187, it tna.y very well be that we will fail to o.ur respective ways and in keeping with Army of the United States (brigadier gen face up to the basic problem-the fact our obligations to apply policies that eral, U.S. Army) • that international communism has been will meet the problem and bring about a Maj. Gen. Ben Harrell, 019276, Army of is the United States (brigadier general, U.S. established and being maintained in remedy. I know that we can do it. I Arm.y). the Western Hemisphere. believe that we shall do it. I also. believe Maj. Gen. Alden Kingsland Sibley, 018964, The American people, I believe, look that there is no time to ·be lost. Army of the United States (brigadier gen- for a very simple and' fundamental thing Mr. -
Detailed Schedule WCERE June 25-June 29, 2018
Detailed Schedule WCERE June 25-June 29, 2018 Please note that session schedules can be subject to change. For the latest updated programme please visit the programme webpage (programme on web) or app. Registration Monday, 16.00-20.00 Room: Haga Monday, 18.15-19.10 Special policy lecture SPECIAL POLICY LECTURE Room: Smyrna Gina McCarthy presents Environmental Policy and the Assault on Science Chair: Laura Taylor Gina McCarthy served as the 13th Administrator of the US EPA from 2013 to 2017. She will address the many challenges facing the Environmental Protection Agencies and in particular discuss their independence and strategies when subjected to adverse policy. She will focus in particular on the Assault on Science as a key ingredient in a policy designed to undo environmental regulation. She will focus on environmental economics as a discipline at the frontier of the ideological battle over environmental management. Welcome Reception Monday, 19.15-21.00 Room: Handels Parallell sessions 1 Tuesday June 26, 8.30-10.15 Parallel session 1 Tuesday, 08.30-10.15 BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS AND THE ENVIRONMENT Room: Handels: B22 Chair: Marica Valente, Humboldt University Berlin and DIW Berlin On the relevance of income and behavioral factors for absolute and relative donations: A framed field experiment Amantia Simixhiu, University of Kassel; Andreas Ziegler, University of Kassel Discussant: Aneeque Javaid, Alexander-von-Humboldt Professorship of Environmental Economics, Universität Osnabrück Sharing between me, my friends others: Common-pool resource