Tehran Provincial Directorate Department of the Environment
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No. Japan International Cooperation Agency Tehran Provincial Directorate Department of the Environment The Study on Strengthening and Improving Air Quality Management in the Greater Tehran Area in the Islamic Republic of Iran FINAL REPORT January 2005 PADECO Co., Ltd. PACIFIC CONSULTANTS INTERNATIONAL GE JR 04-049 Japan International Cooperation Agency Tehran Provincial Directorate Department of the Environment The Study on Strengthening and Improving Air Quality Management in the Greater Tehran Area in the Islamic Republic of Iran FINAL REPORT January 2005 PADECO Co., Ltd. PACIFIC CONSULTANTS INTERNATIONAL for the currency conversion, exchange rate in January 2005 is applied: USD 1.00=IRR 7,900 USD 1.00 = JPY 102 PREFACE In response to a request from the Government of Islamic Republic of Iran, the Government of Japan decided to conduct “The Study on Strengthening and Improving Air Quality Management in the Greater Tehran Area in the Islamic Republic of Iran” and entrusted the Study to the Japan International Cooperation Agency. JICA dispatched to Iran a study team headed by Mr. Yuichiro Motomura, PADECO Co., Ltd. and composed of members of PADECO Co., Ltd. and Pacific Consultants International, four times during the period between September 2002 and December 2004. The team held discussions with the officials concerned of the Government of Iran, and conducted field surveys at the study area. After the team returned to Japan, further studies were made and the present report was prepared. I hope that this report will contribute to the promotion of the air quality management in Iran and to the enhancement of friendly relations between our two countries. Finally I wish to express my sincere appreciation to the officials concerned of the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran for their close cooperation extended to the study. January 2005 Etsuo Kitahara Vice-President Japan International Cooperation Agency January 2005 Mr. Etsuo Kitahara Vice-President Japan International Cooperation Agency Tokyo, Japan Letter of Transmittal Dear Sir, We are pleased to submit herewith the final report of “The Study on Strengthening and Improving Air Quality Management in the Greater Tehran Area in the Islamic Republic of Iran”. This report presents the results of the study, which was undertaken in the Islamic Republic of Iran from September 2002 to December 2004 by the Study Team, organized jointly by PADECO Co., Ltd. and Pacific Consultants International. The Study Team, in association with counterpart personnel in Iran appointed by the Government of Iran, and in cooperation with a diverse sectors of the people in Iran, has formulated a comprehensive set of management improvement action measures for the administration of improving air quality in Tehran and has implemented selected priority programs. Because of the nature of planning and implementation processes involving intensive participation of various stakeholders, we believe that a fair amount of tangible and intangible achievements has been realized in the form of improved work of related organizations and counterpart personnel. We owe a great deal to many people for the completion of this report. We would like to express our deep appreciation and sincere gratitude to all those who extended their kind assistance and cooperation to the Study Team, in particular, the concerned officials of the Department of Environment, the Executive Committee for Reducing Air Pollution in Tehran. We are very much thankful to the officials of your agency, the JICA Advisory Committee, the Ministry of Foreign Affaires, and the Ministry of the Environment. We hope that the report will contribute to facilitating further socio-economic development in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Very truly yours, Yuichiro Motomura Team Leader The Study on Strengthening and Improving Air Quality Management in the Greater Tehran Area in the Islamic Republic of Iran TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Background and Objectives of the Study.................................................................. 1-1 1.2 Study Methodology................................................................................................... 1-4 1.3 Structure of This Report............................................................................................ 1-8 Chapter 2 Review of Regulatory and Institutional Frameworks.................................. 2-1 2.1 Introduction............................................................................................................... 2-1 2.2 Laws and Regulations............................................................................................... 2-1 2.3 Department of Environment...................................................................................... 2-3 2.4 Executive Committee for the Reduction of Air Pollution....................................... 2-11 2.5 Other Relevant Organizations................................................................................. 2-16 2.6 Summary of Issues.................................................................................................. 2-17 Chapter 3 Review of Air Quality Management .............................................................. 3-1 3.1 Introduction............................................................................................................... 3-1 3.2 Overview of Air Pollution Levels ............................................................................. 3-1 3.3 Air Quality Monitoring System ................................................................................ 3-3 3.4 Air Quality Standards................................................................................................ 3-9 3.5 Emergency Counter Measure System ..................................................................... 3-11 3.6 Stationary Emission Sources Management............................................................. 3-12 3.7 Mobile Emission Sources Management.................................................................. 3-15 3.8 Public Awareness Campaigns ................................................................................. 3-19 3.9 Summary of Issues.................................................................................................. 3-22 Chapter 4 Pilot Projects and Identification of Management Issues.............................. 4-1 4.1 Introduction............................................................................................................... 4-1 4.2 Selection of Pilot Projects......................................................................................... 4-1 4.3 Establishment of Pilot Project Management Units (PPMUs) ................................... 4-3 4.4 Management Issues at the Implementation of Pilot Projects .................................... 4-4 4.5 Summary of Management Issues and Directions for Management Improvement.. 4-11 Chapter 5 Management Action Plan for Air Quality Improvement ............................. 5-1 5.1 Introduction............................................................................................................... 5-1 5.2 Establishment of Working Groups ............................................................................ 5-3 5.3 Management Action Plan for Air Quality Improvement (MAP) .............................. 5-5 5.4 Prioritization ............................................................................................................. 5-8 Chapter 6 Implementation of Priority Management Action Plan................................. 6-1 6.1 Introduction............................................................................................................... 6-1 6.2 Study Organization for Phase III............................................................................... 6-2 6.3 Capacity Building for the Executive Committee Secretariat .................................... 6-3 6.4 Inventory Preparation.............................................................................................. 6-19 Chapter 7 Conclusions ...................................................................................................... 7-1 7.1 Summary of Findings................................................................................................ 7-1 7.2 Recommendation ...................................................................................................... 7-3 i LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1 Area and Population of Tehran Province, City of Tehran and Grater Tehran Area............................................................................................. 1-1 Table 1.2 Fuel Price in Transport Sector of Some Non-OECD Countries in 2001............ 1-3 Table 1.3 Fields or Tasks Jointly Responsible for Japanese Experts and Iranian Counterparts........................................................................................... 1-5 Table 1.4 Major Events of the Study.................................................................................. 1-6 Table 2.1 Example of DOE Training Courses in 2002....................................................... 2-7 Table 2.2 Comparison of Air Quality Management in California, Tokyo, and Tehran...... 2-9 Table 2.3 Laws Related to the EC and EC Secretariat..................................................... 2-12 Table 2.4 Roles of EC Member Organizations, Related to Air Pollution Reduction......