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Study of Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Station and Simulation Using Software SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING (ECE) Study Of Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Station And Simulation Using Software A Diploma Thesis in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Diploma Polomarkaki Sofia Registration Number 2010030131 Prof. Kalaitzakis Konstantinos (Supervisor) Prof. Stavrakakis George (Member) Dr. Eleftheria Sergaki (Co-supervisor) Chania 2019 Acknowledgements This diploma thesis was held at Technical University of Crete, under the supervision of Dr Eleftheria Sergaki and is my first in-depth work as a student electrical engineer. I would like to thank and express my gratitude to Dr Eleftheria Sergaki for the opportunity she gave me to deal with this contemporary subject, but also for the trust that has shown to my face, the really pleasant climate of cooperation, the tips, ideas and the valuable suggestions, help and guidance for solving various issues. Thanks for the time she spent, the patience she showed during the implementation of this work. Without her contribution, the completion of my diploma would be much more difficult. I would like to thank my very beloved and remarkable people, my friends I made during my studies, and are still next to me. These people who, with their daily support, patience and positive thinking, support me in every pleasant or difficult times and contribute to the fulfillment of the goals I have set. Finally, I would like to express my gratitude to my family, for the support and confidence that has shown me throughout my years of studies with their unrelenting spiritual but also material support in every area of my life until today. These people were beside me and supported me all the time from the very beginning of my life, and continue to believe in me even at times when even I did not believe in myself, without whom nothing I have accomplished so far would be a reality. In spite of this valuable support, they have given me all the necessary supplies to become a right Person and that is something that is not learned but transmitted. My father when I entered the university said "do not enjoy the swimmer when he comes in but enjoy him when he comes out" so that the swimmer finally came out. And along with the diploma-that coveted paper which seemed to give me a long way to say-diabetes will come to close the most splendid circle of my life that will encircle my family that so long supported you, two or three real friends, dreams for the future and memories capable of making me smile a whole life . All these years of studying I had nightmares, I was seeing in my sleep that degree was at the top of a mountain and I was trying to climb with my hands and did not do it, I never reached, it was very high and I was unable to reach it. From now on I will see that I am on the top of this mountain and I have it in my hands. Thanks Polomarkaki Sofia Contents Abstract........................................................................................................................1 Περίληψη......................................................................................................................3 Chapter 1.Energy Problem...........................................................................................5 1.1 World Energy Problem...............................................................................5 1.2 Energy Problem In Greece.........................................................................7 1.3 Solution of the Environmental Problem - Renewable Energy ....................9 1.4 Thesis Objectives and Methods...............................................................10 1.5 Thesis Structure.......................................................................................11 Chapter 2. Renewable Energy...................................................................................15 2.1 Renewable Energy Sources - Basic Fundamentals.............................................15 2.2 Categories of Renewable Energy Sources...............................................16 2.2.1 Biogas........................................................................................16 2.2.2 Solar Energy..............................................................................17 2.2.3 Wind Energy..............................................................................23 2.2.4 Geothermal Energy....................................................................24 2.2.5 Hydrodynamic Energy (Water Energy)......................................25 2.2.6 Biomass.....................................................................................26 2.2.7 Osmotic effect............................................................................27 2.3 Concentrated Solar Systems....................................................................27 Chapter 3. Solar Energy.............................................................................................29 3.1 Solar Energy Exploitation- Basic Fundamentals.....................................29 3.2 Thermodynamic Cycles...........................................................................32 3.2.1 Stirling Cycle..............................................................................33 3.2.2 Brayton Cycle............................................................................35 3.2.3 Rankine Cycle............................................................................37 3.3 Types of Concentrated Solar Systems.....................................................38 3.3.1 Parabolic Through Collectors....................................................41 3.3.2 Dish System...............................................................................42 3.3.3 Linear Fresnel Reflector (CLFR)................................................44 3.3.4 Solar Power Tower....................................................................46 3.3.5 Choice of the Appropriate System.............................................47 Chapter 4. Historical Return – Existing Installations of Solar Power Towers.............49 4.1 Experimental CSPs of Little Power/Force................................................51 4.2 Large Scale CSPs....................................................................................53 4.2.1 Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System................................53 4.2.2 Solar Energy Generating Systems (SEGS)...............................55 4.2.3 Mojave Solar Project..................................................................56 4.2.4 Solana Generating Station.........................................................58 4.2.5 Genesis Solar Energy Project....................................................59 4.2.6 List of Solar Thermal Power Stations........................................60 4.3 Solar Power Tower Installation Under Construction.................................65 4.4 Solar Power Tower Installation Announced..............................................66 4.5 Solar Power Tower In Greece..................................................................67 Chapter 5....................................................................................................................73 5.1 Solar Power Tower Operation Principle..................................................73 5.2 Solar Power Tower Subsystems.............................................................75 5.2.1 Solar Field..................................................................................75 5.2.2 Solar Receiver...........................................................................83 5.2.3 Electricity Production System....................................................89 5.2.3.1 Water – Steam Systems.............................................90 5.2.3.2 Molten Salt Systems...................................................92 5.2.3.3 Atmospheric Air Systems............................................93 5.2.3.4 Compressed Air Systems..........................................93 5.2.3.4.1 Tank Design.................................................93 5.2.3.4.2 Startup..........................................................94 5.2.4 Thermal Energy Storage System...............................................95 5.2.5 Refugee Fuel Systems............................................................100 5.2.6 Details of Subsystems.............................................................101 5.2.6.1 Master Control..........................................................101 5.2.6.2 Water Consumption Requirements...........................102 5.2.6.3 Heliostat Control.....................................................102 5.2.6.4 Heat Transport and Exchange Subsystem...............103 5.2.6.5 Heat Exchangers....................................................104 5.2.6.6 Insulation..................................................................104 5.2.6.7 Instrumentation........................................................104 5.2.6.8 Tower.......................................................................105 5.3 Performance and Losses.....................................................................106 5.3.1 Evaluation...............................................................................106 5.3.2 Solstice Field Losses............................................................107 5.3.2.1 Atmospheric Attenuation..........................................107 5.3.2.2 Spillage Losses.........................................................108 5.3.2.3 Reflectivity Losses..................................................108 5.3.2.4 Cosine
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