REPUBLIC OF

Census of Agricultural Holdings in Bulgaria in 2010 Ministry of Agriculture and Food Ministry of agriculture and food With the financial support of the European Union

No 227 – November 2012

Agricultural Census in 2010 2010 2020020052005 DISTRICT – main results

General characteristics of the district Shumen District is located in the Northeast Region and А is one of the 28 districts in Bulgaria (level NUTS 3 of the common classification of territorial units for АГРО statistics of EU). The total area of the district is 3 390.2 G sq.km or 3.1% of the country's territory. The number of settlements is 151, administrated in 10 municipalities, СТАТ the towns are 8 and the villages – 143. According to the R population census 2011 the district's population is 180 528 residents or 2.5% of the population in the ИСТИ country. The total utilized agricultural area (UAA) is O 1 495 480.7 dca or 44% of the territory of the district. КА

STRUCTURE OF AGRICULTURAL HOLDINGS Резултати и S The number of agricultural holdings in Shumen District is 10 740 or 2.9% of the holdings in the country. The utilized agricultural area (UAA) is 1 495 dca and is distributed in 10 069 holdings. Theанализи average UAA size for the holdings in the district is 148.5 dca or 47% over the average size for the country – 101.3 dca. The Shumen municipality has the biggest T share of UAA in the district – 23.7% with an average area – 333.2 dca. Holdings without UAA are 671. The holdings, cultivating over 500 dca of UAA are 352 (3%) and cover 83% (1 235 302 dca) of 02002005 the total UAA2005 in the district. The agricultural holding cultivating up to 10 dca are 5 299 or 53% of holdings with UAA in the district, but cultivate only 1% А (18 800 dca) of UAA.

Т Table 1 Distribution of agricultural holdings in Shumen District according to the size of UAA by municipalities UAA (dca) Total = 0.0 > 0.0 и < 10.0 ≥ 10.0 и < 20.0 ≥ 20.0 и < 100.0 ≥ 100.0 и < 500.0 ≥ 500.0 I Municipality Average Number Number Number Number Number Number Number of UAA UAA UAA UAA UAA UAA size of of of of of of holdings (dca) (dca) (dca) (dca) (dca) (dca) (dca) holdings holdings holdings holdings holdings holdings

S BULGARIA 370 222 36 169647.3 101.3 13 148 248 015 816 280.7 46 944 625 506.8 41 124 1 631422.8 12 828 2 786 112.8 8 163 30 310324.2 Shumen District 10 740 1 495 480.7 148.5 671 5 299 18 800.4 1 717 23 231.3 2 057 81 544.1 644 136 603.3 352 1 235 301.6 T Venets 1 380 93 262.6 67.8 5 661 3 419.5 347 4 635.9 302 10 689.5 45 8 370.7 20 66 147.0 1 244 68 525.4 55.6 11 684 2 997.1 242 3 312.8 237 9 121.3 42 9 083.5 28 44 010.7 809 177 253.1 235.7 57 270 1 377.9 174 2 397.1 196 7 875.0 72 16 153.1 40 149 450.0 I 2 072 165 593.3 83.0 76 750 3 380.7 415 5 641.9 601 22 963.8 190 39 860.7 40 93 746.2 618 136 605.4 245.3 61 371 634.6 61 842.1 65 3 425.0 30 7 357.5 30 124 346.2

Nikola Kozleva 1 043 114 361.8 110.8 11 568 2 367.8 185 2 478.8 186 6 958.7 65 13 525.8 28 89 030.7 C Novi Pazar 784 195 300.1 275.8 76 376 858.9 74 1 036.8 143 6 739.0 69 15 125.7 46 171 539.7 911 120 236.6 161.0 164 474 1 487.0 85 1 113.6 128 5 422.4 35 7 366.5 25 104 847.1 S 614 69 824.3 115.4 9 496 988.6 36 492.4 29 1 171.9 19 3 924.3 25 63 247.1 Shumen 1 265 354 518.1 333.2 201 649 1 288.3 98 1 279.9 170 7 177.5 77 15 835.5 70 328 936.9

Results and analyses

UAA according to the holdings' legal status Distribution of UAA in Shumen District Figure 1 The utilized agricultural area of 1 495 481 dca is distributed in 10 069 agricultural holdings with location on the territory of the district of Associations and others Shumen. The number of owners who are natural persons is 9 791 and Natural Commercial 2% persons they cultivate 37% of the total UAA at an average size of 55.7 dca. The companies 37% commercial companies are 174 and utilize 39% of the total UAA. Their 39% average holding size is 3 318 dca. The agricultural cooperatives in the district are 36 with 14% of the UAA. 8% of UAA are managed by 59 sole traders. Their average area is 2 145 dca. The remaining UAA is cultivated by civil associations and other structures (monasteries, schools, institutes etc.). 22% of the utilized area is owned by holdings and 78% is rented. Sole traders Cooperatives 8% . 14%

CROPS Distribution of UAA by crops The arable land is 1 370 119 dca or 92% of UAA and is Figure 2 distributed in 8 049 holdings. Cereals occupy the largest share of arable land – 59%, industrial crops - 31%. Wheat has the biggest share among cereals, it occupies 63%, followed by barley with Other 16% and grain maize with 18%. Most of the farmers grow grain Permanent 19% Wheat maize – 38.3% of all holdings, followed by farmers growing crops 34% wheat – 34.4% and barley – 11.6%. Tobacco is grown on 9 613 2% dca, which is 4% of the tobacco area in the country. Fodder crops are 5% of UAA. Artificial meadows with leguminous plants Grassland occupy 71% of fodder crops area, green maize – 22%. Permanent 6% grassland occupies 6% of the UAA in the district and permanent crops – 2%. 7 492 dca of walnuts are grown in 136 holdings, Barley which is 12% of the area in the country. 963 agricultural holdings Sunflower Grain 9% grow vineyards on 11 837 dca. 20% maize 10%

LIVESTOCK 9 089 holdings in the district breed livestock, poultry and bees. 34% Distribution of livestock units rear cattle, 48% - sheep, 30% – goats, 12% – pigs and 77.5% – poultry. Figure 3 22 118 heads of cattle are raised in Shumen District with an average number of herds of 6.3 heads. Milk cows are 12 751. Cattle, sheep and 3% goats are bred mainly in holdings owned by natural persons - 81% of BULGARIA 41% 12% 16% 20% 8% cattle, 84% of sheep and 98.5% of goats respectively. In holdings, Shumen 39% 12% 23% 16% 7% belonging to commercial companies are raised 80.5% of the pigs and 3% 79% of the poultry. 22 611 bee families are kept in 731 holdings and Cattle Sheep Goats Pigs Poultry Other 94% of them belong to natural persons. Livestock units are standard measuring units which allow for unification of the different categories of animals for the purpose of their comparison. LABOUR FORCE Number of persons employed in agriculture by gender and 22 052 people (seasonal workers excl.) have been employed in age group agricultural holdings in 2010 and they worked 12 430 annual work Figure 4 units (AWU). 19 345 or 88% of those employed in agriculture in the district were family labour force. The non-family labour force accounted for (employees) accounted for 2 707 or 12% of those over 65 years 2 608 1 807 employed in agriculture who worked a total of 2 528 AWU. The

seasonal workers worked 115.5 thousand man-days which makes from 55 to 64 years 2 858 2 285 498 AWU. 42% of those employed were women and 58% - men.

The pensioners above 64 working in agricultural holdings accounted from 45 to 54 years 3 023 2 222 for 20% of employees while the workers up to 34 were 13%. 79% of from 35 to 44 years 2 608 1 779 10 740 managers of holdings (including natural persons) were men, and 21% - women. The managers worked a total of 5 841 AWU. from 25 to 34 years. 1 280 965 10% of them were aged up to 34 while 26% of them were over 64 years of age. under 24 years 346 271

Male Female

AGRICULTURAL HOLDINGS TYPOLOGY Holdings, specialized in the raising of grazing animals and holdings with mixed crops and animal production are predominant in Shumen district – 29.0% and 21.3% respectively. Standard output is formed mainly by holdings specialized in field crops (49.0%) and rearing pigs and poultry (14.9%). 2

MAIN RESULTS Table 2 Number of holdings and area with main crops, number of animals and labour force in Shumen District BULGARIA Shumen District Agricultural area and crops Area Holdings Area Holdings (dca) (number) (dca) (number) Utilized agricultural land 357 074 36 169 647.3 10 069 1 495 480.7 Arable land 250 728 31 249 279.8 8 049 1 370 119.4 Cereals 119 640 17 961 479.9 5 804 813 287.4 - Wheat 49 436 11 497 374.0 3 467 507 922.2 - Barley 19 759 2 523 437.0 1 167 128 520.0 - Grain maize 68 381 3 151 539.5 3 860 142 782.5 Sunflower 16 873 7 325 024.3 923 304 274.3 Rape seed 1 927 2 231 852.8 98 77 237.8 Fodder crops 75 332 1 061 335.4 4 392 80 496.1 Permanent grassland 107 267 3 820 229.9 950 90 549.5 Permanent crops 118 610 996 491.1 1 584 31 502.4 - Vineyards 87 002 523 356.7 963 11 837.3 - Fruit species 42 827 455 048.5 720 18 784.9 Apples 19 138 58 509.8 196 1 009.4 Plums and greengages 16 273 83 745.8 287 1 961.7 Cherries and sour cherries 10 702 106 319.8 173 3 465.7 Walnuts 2 938 62 212.2 136 7 492.2

BULGARIA Shumen District Livestock types and categories Holdings Number of Holdings Number of animals* (number) animals* (number) Cattle 95 357 576 339 3 489 22 118 - Cows 86 210 347 291 3 052 12 823 Sheep 91 793 1 415 181 4 392 55 954 Goats 84 582 388 866 2 761 11 790 Pigs 82 265 670 469 1 094 37 567 - Sows 15 235 73 547 214 2 624 Equidae (total) 92 806 112 632 3 578 4 214 Poultry 185 455 17 491 187 7 041 737 984 - Laying hens and pullets 180 253 7 875 278 6 852 254 506 Bee colonies 23 982 588 694 731 22 611

* Excluding bees, which are given as number of bee colonies.

BULGARIA Shumen District Labour force Total labour Family labour Non-family Total labour Family labour Non-family force force labour force force force labour force Number of employees in the holdings 738 634 681 466 57 168 22 052 19 345 2 707 Labour input in AWU 389 107 336 766 52 341 12 430 9 902 2 528

Table 3 Typology of agricultural holdings in the Shumen District Types of specialist holdings Unit BULGARIA Shumen District % in the district

Number of holdings 370 222 10 740 100.0% Total SO (thousand Euro) 2 458 262.8 94 438.2 100.0% Number of holdings 63 112 2 145 20.0% Field crops SO (thousand Euro) 1 152 959.3 46 245.4 49.0% Vegetables, flowers and Number of holdings 18 223 158 1.5% Specialist holdings — crops mushrooms SO (thousand Euro) 166 013.1 3225.3 3.4% Number of holdings 32 111 425 4.0% Permanent crops SO (thousand Euro) 60 544.3 2059.2 2.2% Number of holdings 88 630 3 120 29.0% Grazing livestock Specialist holdings — animal SO (thousand Euro) 379 412.6 11 811.6 12.5% production Number of holdings 28 583 646 6.0% Pigs, poultry and rabbits SO (thousand Euro) 348 827.3 14 055.4 14.9% Number of holdings 14 607 167 1.5% Mixed crop holdings SO (thousand Euro) 65 950.0 2041.6 2.2% Number of holdings 50 186 1 760 16.4% Mixed holdings Mixed livestock holdings SO (thousand Euro) 76 438.5 3 900.2 4.1% Mixed crop and livestock Number of holdings 73 788 2 289 21.3% holdings SO (thousand Euro) 208 117.7 11 099.5 11.7% Not classified holdings Number of holdings 982 30 0.3%

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CENSUS OF AGRICULTURAL HOLDINGS 2010: METHODOLOGY

This publication presents and analyzes the data of 10 740 agricultural holdings located in the Shumen District which meet the thresholds for agricultural holdings. The agricultural holdings are grouped into "natural persons" and "legal entities" in the analysis of the results. The sole traders and the associations are included in the group of legal entities because in terms of size and "behaviour" they are closer to cooperatives and commercial companies than to the holdings of natural persons.

USED DEFINITIONS CENSUS ORGANIZATIONS AND Agricultural holding or „holding“ is a technical-economic unit, under single management, CONDUCTING which is engaged in agricultural production or maintains agricultural land in good The census of the agricultural holdings was held agricultural and environmental condition within the meaning of article 2, letter „a‟ of from 1st September to 30th November 2010 in Regulation (EC) No 1166/2008 and meets at least one of the criteria laid down in Annex accordance with the Law on Agricultural Census No 2 to article 5 of the Law on Agricultural Census 2010 in Bulgaria. 2010 in Bulgaria. The information was collected by Utilized agricultural area (UAA) of agricultural holdings includes their arable land, interviewers who visited the holdings meeting the permanent crops, permanent grassland and kitchen gardens. criteria for an agricultural holding in the district and Arable land is agricultural land worked under a system of crop rotation on an annual basis interviewed their owners or managers. - area with annual crops as well as area under glass, area with strawberries, temporary 67 interviewers and 12 supervisors who were grass, hops, oil rose, lavender, fallow land and area for production of seeds and seedlings. specially trained worked on the territory of the Permanent crops are orchards, vineyards, area with berry plantations and nurseries Shumen District during the census. The data entry (including for forest trees). from the completed questionnaires was followed by Permanent grasslands are natural meadows and low productive grassland of the holding verifications and controls of compliance that aimed which are cut or grazed by the animals. Area not used for production purposes but to ensure the high quality of the collected maintained in good agricultural and environmental condition is also included here. information. The UAA of the holdings does not include common area used collectively by several All participants in the collection and the processing holdings for grazing animals. of the data are obliged to keep strict statistical secret Annual Work Unit – one AWU is equal to the hours work by a person employed on a full- and the individual data of the holdings may not be time basis during the whole year. In Bulgaria it is adopted that 1 AWU is equal to 1 856 used for other purposes but statistical ones (Chapter working hours during the year or 232 man-days. st th VI of the Law on Agricultural Census 2010 in Period of observation for the area is the crop year: from 1 October 2009 to 30 Bulgaria). September 2010. The number of the animals is reported on 31.08.2010. The labour force is reported for a period of 12 months ending on 31.08.2010.

AGRICULTURAL HOLDINGS TYPOLOGY The typology of agricultural holdings is a uniform classification of the holdings in the Community based on type of farming and economic size and allows for determining their specialization and size. The classification is based on economic criteria called standard output (SO). The type of farming of a holding is determined by the relative contribution of the standard output of the different products of this holding to the total standard output. The holdings are classified in nine general types: Specialist holdings - crops Mixed holdings 1. Field crops 6. Mixed crops 2. Vegetables, flowers and mushrooms 7. Mixed livestock breeding 3. Permanent crops 8. Mixed crops and livestock breeding Specialist holdings - animal production 4. Grazing livestock 9. Not classified holdings 5. Pigs, poultry and rabbits SO 2007 calculated as weighted average values for the period 2005-2009 were used to determine the typology of the holdings for the census of agricultural holdings in Bulgaria in 2010. The classification of the holdings in homogenous groups by type of specialization and economic size allows for comparison of the agricultural structures in different countries and in time. How is typology determined? What is "economic size" of an agricultural holding? – The The determination of the typology of holdings has the following steps: economic size of a holding is determined on the basis of the - The individual SO of all agricultural holdings (from crop and animal total standard output of the holding. It shows the potential of production) is determined for a particular crop year or as an average value the holding but not its financial results. The economic size of several years. The individual SO reflects the average monetary value of allows for comparison of holdings with different specialization the agricultural production at the producer's price. The SO does not include because the physical size (average area, number of animals, direct payments; value added tax and other taxes. etc.) does not provide sufficient information. - These individual SO are applied to the data of each holding (the area of The economic size of a holding is determined as the sum of each type of crop and the number of each animal category raised on the SO of each product produced in the holding. The holdings are holding is multiplied by the relevant SO) and summed to determine the total classified by size classes (from I to XIV). The I class includes SO of the holding in euro. holdings with size up to 2 thousand EUR. The holdings with - The specialization of the holding is determined on the basis of a economic size from 2 thousand EUR to 100 thousand EUR are classification scheme set out in Regulation (EC) 1242/2008 amended by classified in classes from II to VII, while holdings with Regulation (EO) 867/2009. economic size above 100 thousand EUR fall within classes from VIII to XIV. The typology of holdings is used in agricultural statistics to analyze the results obtained from statistical surveys and to prepare samples for conducting subsequent ones.

The publication editing was completed on 30 November 2012 For more information: MAF, “Agrostatistics” department Editing office: MAF, “Agrostatistics” department Tel/fax: 980 82 94; E-mail: [email protected] Address: Sofia, 1040, MAF, № 55. „Hristo Botev“ blvd web page:www.mzh.government.bg Regional Agricultural Directorate – Shumen http://www.mzh.government.bg/ODZ- Shumen/bg /Home.aspx Address : Shumen 9700, 17, Slavianski Blvd. Tel/fax: 054/877 106; E-mail: [email protected]

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