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The Largest 50 Beneficiaries in Each EU Member State of CAP and Cohesion Funds” Prepared at the Request of the CONT Committee

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The Largest 50 Beneficiaries in Each EU Member State of CAP and Cohesion Funds” Prepared at the Request of the CONT Committee STUDY Requested by CONT Committee The Largest 50 Beneficiaries in each EU Member State of CAP and Cohesion Funds PRE-RELEASE Policy Department for Budgetary Affairs Authors: Willem Pieter DE GROEN, Jorge NUNEZ, Daina BELICKA, Roberto EN MUSMECI, Damir GOJSIC and Silvia TADI Directorate-General for Internal Policies PE 679.107– January 2021 The Largest 50 Beneficiaries in each EU Member State of CAP and Cohesion Funds PRE-RELEASE Abstract This report provides the preliminary findings of the study on “The Largest 50 beneficiaries in each EU Member State of CAP and Cohesion Funds” prepared at the request of the CONT committee. It provides the results of an assessment of almost 300 systems for the public disclosure of the beneficiaries of the common agricultural policy (CAP) and cohesion policy. Moreover, it provides the preliminary results for the analysis of about 10 million beneficiaries of the CAP in 2018 and 2019 and more than 500 000 projects receiving cohesion funds between 2014 and 2020. Finally, it assesses the barriers to more data transparency and the possibilities to enhance the transparency. NOTE: This is a pre-release version of the study. Changes may occur based on the final results of the research. For internal use only. This document was requested by the European Parliament's Committee on Budgetary Control. It designated Ms Monika Hohlmeier to follow the study. AUTHORS Willem Pieter DE GROEN, CEPS Jorge NUNEZ, CEPS Daina BELICKA, CSE COE Roberto MUSMECI, CEPS Damir GOJSIC, CEPS Silvia TADI, CEPS The authors would like to thank Daniele Genta, Babak Hakimi and Xinyi Li for their valuable contributions to this report. ADMINISTRATOR RESPONSIBLE Kaare BARSLEV András SCHWARCZ EDITORIAL ASSISTANT Lyna PÄRT LINGUISTIC VERSIONS Original: EN ABOUT THE EDITOR Policy departments provide in-house and external expertise to support EP committees and other parliamentary bodies in shaping legislation and exercising democratic scrutiny over EU internal policies. To contact the Policy Department or to subscribe for updates, please write to: Policy Department for Budgetary Affairs European Parliament B-1047 Brussels Email: mailto:[email protected] Manuscript completed in January 2021 © European Union, 2021 DISCLAIMER AND COPYRIGHT The opinions expressed in this document are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the European Parliament. Reproduction and translation for non-commercial purposes are authorised, provided the source is acknowledged and the European Parliament is given prior notice and sent a copy. The Largest 50 beneficiaries in each EU Member State of CAP and Cohesion Funds CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 7 LIST OF FIGURES 8 LIST OF TABLES 8 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 13 Background 13 Objective 13 Methodology 13 Reporting systems 14 Transparency 14 Policy recommendations 15 1. INTRODUCTION 17 1.1. Background 17 1.2. Main objectives and scope 18 1.3. Reading guide 18 2. METHODOLOGY 19 2.1. Assessment of existing reporting systems 19 2.1.1. Step 1. Identifying reporting systems with beneficiary information 20 2.1.2. Step 2. Assessment of the reporting systems 20 2.2. Identification of beneficiaries 20 2.2.1. Step 3. Scraping beneficiary information from national websites 20 2.2.2. Step 4. Data Consolidation 21 2.2.3. Step 5. Determining types of beneficiaries 21 2.2.4. Step 6. Matching top 200 recipients with company database 22 2.2.5. Step 7. Identifying ultimate beneficiary’ holdings 22 2.2.6. Step 8. Preparation of top 50 beneficiaries per Member State 22 2.3. Identifying legal barriers 23 2.4. Stakeholder interviews 24 2.5. Limitations 24 3. REPORTING SYSTEMS 27 3.1. Reporting systems 27 3.2. Presentation 29 3.2.1. Format 29 PE 679.107 3 IPOL | Policy Department for Budgetary Affairs 3.2.2. Languages 29 3.2.3. Presentation of the EU 33 3.3. Disclosed information 33 3.4. Ultimate beneficiaries 35 3.5. Data accessibility 37 3.5.1. Download options 37 3.5.2. Sorting and searching possibilities 38 3.5.3. User manual and contact 40 3.6. Data protection information 41 3.7. Other information 41 3.8. Compliance with legal requirements 43 4. TRANSPARENCY 45 4.1. Barriers to more data transparency 46 4.1.1. Legal requirements on data disclosure 46 4.1.2. Legal barriers to obtaining and disclosing data 48 4.1.3. Technical aspects of data disclosure 50 4.1.4. Technical barriers to obtaining and disclosing information 51 4.1.5. Overview of data availability and disclosure for CAP and Cohesion funds 52 4.2. Possibilities to enhance transparency 53 4.2.1. Common EU funds financed project database 54 4.2.2. Project implementers, owners and beneficial owners of the companies 55 5. CONCLUSIONS AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS 59 5.1. Conclusions 59 5.2. Policy recommendations 60 REFERENCES 63 ANNEX 1. SCORE CARD 65 ANNEX 2. INTERVIEW GUIDE 71 Introduction 71 About interviewer 71 About interviewee 71 Identifying elements for identification of best practice(s) 72 Existing legal barriers 73 Changes to transparency rules 74 ANNEX 3. LEGAL FRAMEWORK 75 ANNEX 4. PERSONAL DATA DISCLOSURE UNDER EU FUNDS DIRECT MANAG EMENT 79 4 PE 697.107 The Largest 50 beneficiaries in each EU Member State of CAP and Cohesion Funds ANNEX 5. PERSONAL DATA DISCLOSURE UNDER EU FUNDS SHARED MANAGEMENT EU FUNDS PROGRAMMING PERIOD 2014-2020 81 ANNEX 6. PERSONAL DATA DISCLOSURE UNDER EU FUNDS SHARED MANAGEMENT PROGRAMMING PERIOD 2021-2027 87 ANNEX 7. PRELIMINARY TOP 50 DIRECT BENEFICIARIES CAP 2018 91 ANNEX 8. PRELIMINARY TOP 50 DIRECT BENEFICIARIES CAP 2019 145 ANNEX 9. PRELIMINARY TOP 50 DIRECT BENEFICIARIES COHESION POLICY 2014-2020 199 PE 679.107 5 IPOL | Policy Department for Budgetary Affairs 6 PE 697.107 The Largest 50 beneficiaries in each EU Member State of CAP and Cohesion Funds LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AM L Anti-Money Laundering CAP Common Agricultural Policy CAPTCHA Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart CF Cohesion Fund CPR Common Provisions Regulation CSV Comma Separated Values DG Directorate-General DTA Stata Data Format EAFRD European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development EAGF European Agricultural Guarantee Fund ECA European Court of Auditors EMFF European Maritime and Fisheries Fund ENISA European Union Agency for Cybersecurity ERDF European Regional Development Fund ESF European Social Fund ESF+ European Social Fund Plus ESIF European Structural and Investment Funds ETC European Territorial Cooperation EU European Union FTS Financial Transparency System GPDR General Data Protection Regulation HTM L Hyper Text Markup Language LEFs Legal Entity Forms NGO Non-Governmental Organization NUTS Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics OPs Operational Programs PBLEF Private Law Body Legal Entity Form PDF Portable Document Format TC Territorial Cooperation TED Tenders Electronic Daily TXT Text VAT Value Added Tax XML Extensible Markup Language PE 679.107 7 IPOL | Policy Department for Budgetary Affairs LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1 Methodology for the study 19 Figure 4.1 Beneficiaries of EU funds 45 LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1 Number of reporting systems 27 Table 3.2 Number of reporting systems by country 28 Table 3.3 Format of reporting system (% of reporting systems) 29 Table 3.4 Number of EU languages in the reporting systems (% of reporting systems) 31 Table 3.5 EU languages CAP reporting systems 31 Table 3.6 EU languages in Cohesion Policy (National and regional OPs) reporting systems 32 Table 3.7 Additional EU languages in Cohesion Policy (Inter-regional OPs) databases 32 Table 3.8 Indication of operations (Cohesion Policy) (% of reporting systems) 32 Table 3.9 Visibility of EU funding (% of reporting systems) 33 Table 3.10 Information about beneficiaries (% of reporting systems) 34 Table 3.11 Indication of operations (Cohesion Policy) (% of reporting systems) 35 Table 3.12 Indication of company identification numbers (% of reporting systems) 37 Table 3.13 Number of download formats offered (% of reporting systems) 37 Table 3.14 Download formats offered (% of reporting systems offering download options) 38 Table 3.15 Number of sorting possibilities offered (% of reporting systems) 38 Table 3.16 Sorting offered (% of reporting systems offering sorting) 39 Table 3.17 Number of searching possibilities offered (% of reporting systems) 39 Table 3.18 Searching possibilities offered (% of reporting systems offering searching) 40 Table 3.19 Tools to ease the use of the reporting system (% of reporting systems) 40 Table 3.20 Contact information provided (% of reporting systems) 41 Table 3.21 Data protection/privacy information (% of reporting systems) 41 Table 3.22 Additional policies besides CAP/Cohesion Policy covered (% of reporting systems) 43 Table 3.23 Other indicators (% of reporting systems) 43 Table 3.24 Types of other indicators (% of reporting systems with other indicators) 43 Table 4.1 Summary of data availability and disclosure 53 Table 4.2 Recommendations for creation of common EU funds financing database 54 Table 4.3 Recommendations for transparency improvement 55 Table A7.1 Preliminary Top 50 direct beneficiaries CAP 2018 – Austria 91 8 PE 697.107 The Largest 50 beneficiaries in each EU Member State of CAP and Cohesion Funds Table A7.2 Preliminary Top 50 direct beneficiaries CAP 2018 – Belgium 93 Table A7.3 Preliminary Top 50 direct beneficiaries CAP 2018 – Bulgaria 95 Table A7.4 Preliminary Top 50 direct beneficiaries CAP 2018 – Cyprus 97 Table A7.5 Preliminary Top 50 direct beneficiaries CAP 2018 – Czech Republic 99 Table A7.6 Preliminary Top 50 direct
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