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INDEX AESTHETICS & ROCK 18/3/05 12:20 pm Page 301

Index

(References to illustrations are in bold)

Abri du Poisson 120, 121 of function 83 Abside xviii general 5, 10 Actun Tunichil Maknal 223 historicity of 26 aesthetic internalist 29–30, 34 approach 160 interpretation of 76 consciousness 24, 144 meta-aesthetics 5–6, 10 evaluation 144 methodological 56–8 experience 144, 157 modified speleothems 218–19, 222–23, imagination 143–57 230–33 interpretive 53 notion 52–54 perspectives 9–10, 29, 30 Palaeolithic art xix, 56 ritual 145 and radiance 167–69 sensibility 61, 67, 71 San 83–85 theory 11, 31, 32 scope 1–2, 4, 5, 22, 23–24, 27, 53 values 1, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 16n.11, usefulness 54–56 17n.24, 32, 43, 117, 127 see also aesthetic appreciation; vocabulary 28 aesthetic values; rock art aesthetic appreciation aesthetics conditions for 2, 3, 4, 6, 42 Africa, southern, San rock art distribution cultural appropriation 8–9 255 formation 253–54 after-image 161, 164, 165, 167, 169, 171, multi-sensory 254 176 of objects 7 see also image and sight 254 a’kwa 31 aestheticisation, and art objects 52–53 Alberti, Leon Batista 92 aestheticists 1, 2, 4, 14, 159 Alexander, Christopher 152 aesthetics Alpert, B.O. 139–40 aesthesis 75 Altamira Cave xviii, 117 and anthropology 23, 24, 54–55 118, 128 and archaeology 159–61 Grand Ceiling xxi, 127 archaeology of 54, 60 II (replica) 186 and art 6 am 225 and beauty 6–7 American Museum of Natural History 78 concrete 5, 10, 16n.19 Ampoulange, M. 98 as cross-cultural category 23, 27, 32, 34 analytical reading 120, 121 definitions xix, 5, 23–24, 53, 75–76 Anangu 146 embeddedness of cultural objects 22 anapalaku walka 147 externalist 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 ancestors, mythic 155

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302 Aesthetics and Rock Art

Ancestral Beings 57 myths 113 Andean north-east 57 material culture 57 rainbow snake 114 rock art 55 western 56, 58 Anderson, Richard L., Calliope’s Sisters… see also Wangewangen 66, 67, 72n.6, 8, 77, 83, 84, 85 art Angkor 16n.15 and aesthetics 6 animal paintings 21, 22, 28, 30 Arnhem Land 159 animals artefacts, difference 77–78 depictions 131, 132 definitions 39–41, 52, 60, 64, 65, representation/s, 126n.2, 131 66–68, 77, 84, 85, 193, 236 anthropologist/s 1, 31, 32, 2, 11, 12, 21, Dewey on 76 23, 24, 26, 29, 31, 32, 47n.4, 51, 67, and environment 55 69, 70, 72n.8, 90, 115, 144, 145, fine art, difference 78 146, 202 frame notion 84–85 anthropology 145 Gombrich on 68–69 and aesthetics 23, 24, 54–55 and ideas 84 anthropological perspective 11, 51 non-iconographic 149 cross-temporal analysis 11, 51 and Piaroa people (Amazon) 24–25 appreciation xxvi and representation/s 193 arts 7 and shamanism 81–82, 83–84 cultural xxv transinstitutional 69 see also aesthetic appreciation universality of 33 appropriation 203 as Western construct 61, 65, 66–68 of surplus 82 see also fine art; non-art; philosophy of see also cultural appropriation art ARARA (American Rock Art Research ‘art for art’s sake’ 2, 47 n.4, 61, 62, 75, 76, Association) 64, 70 78, 139 conference logo 65 see also l’art pour l’art archaeologists xviii, 1, 2, 51, 53, 59, 91, Art with a Capital A 68, 69 115, 144, 159, 201, 205, 211 art forms, traditional 143–44, 155, 156 cognitive 202, 213n.8 art historian/s 1, 2, 4, 11, 12, 13, 14, 22, formal 160 67, 70, 159, 201, 202, 203, 205, 241 informed 160 art histories 159 archaeology art objects and aesthetics 2, 159–61 aesthetic appreciation of 7 of aesthetics 54, 60 and aestheticisation 52–53 altered states of consciousness in 175 conception 31 approaches 160 key components 52 cognitive 201 see also intentional objects formal xxvi art theory 76 patterns xxvi, 54 art-making, cultural context 39 of perception 54 artefacts and rock art xxvi, 3, 10, 11, 15n.3, 59 art, difference 77–78 Aristotle 28, 33 Binford’s classification 54, 60 n.1 Poetics 31 artists, women 87, 146–47, 149, 153 Arnhem Land 56, 108, 111, 112, 159, 161, artwork/s 3, 12, 16n.15, 41, 42, 47n.7, 186, 168 187, 209 art 159 contexts 206 INDEX AESTHETICS & ROCK 18/3/05 12:20 pm Page 303

Index 303

definition 6, 8, 17n.32, 48n.11 beauty, and aesthetics 6–7 meaning 60 Bell, Clive 76 modern 155 Benin, Republic 66 replicated 178 Benjamin, Walter, on aura 180, 183–85, Western 53 188 Atacama desert 55 Bennett, M. 147 atet 220 Berenguer, J. 55 Attic vases 59 Binford, L.R., artefacts, classification 54, Aujoulat, Norbert 100, 101, 103 60 n.1 aura bir’yun 6, 167–69, 174, 176 sites 13 Walter Benjamin on 180, 183–85, 188 Altamira 118 beads 56 Cosquer 105, 106, 107 , rock art 2 Font-de-Gaume Cave 123, 126, 127–29 Australian Aboriginal art 55 La Grèze 98, 99, 103, 104 contemporary 144 analysis 101–3 ethnographers of 144 position 102 mythic Mayrièure Supérieure Cave 119 ancestors 155 Bison bonassus 103, 104, 106 content 144, 154 Bison priscus 103, 105 study of 143 black dots, optical tricks 164 transmission of 144 Runner (film) 182 authenticity 184, 185 Blocker, H. Gene 39–40 186 Bloom, Allan 179 Boone, S.A. 54 Backa, granite carvings 195 Boorstin, Daniel, on the image 180 Bahia, 16n.14 Borges, Jorge Luis 182 Bahn, Paul 15n7, 48n.12, 62, 176n.5 Bourdieu, P. 52 Baker, Nyukara 148, 150–51 bovid, perspective 107 Bal, Mieke 78, 79 bovines, depictions 139 balance 146, 153, 156 boxes, depictions 140 Bandung Museum, stones 14, 235, 238–39, Bradley, Richard 46 240 Bradshaws 40 setting 246, 248–49, 251 Brady, James 217–18, 233 n.2 Baroque 67 Brazil, 16n.14, 62, 173, 174 barred circles, optical tricks 161, 165, 166, Bahia 16n.14, 174 167 rock art 62 Barry, P.S. 15n.5, 47n.2 Breton, André 186 Basedow, H. 145 Breuil, Henri (Abbé) xviii, 99, 100, 101, Bassie-Sweet, Karen 217, 218 117, 122, 126n.2, 203, 238 Bataille, Georges 177–78, 185, 186, 254 Brewster, D. 168 Battiss, Walter 75, 78, 203, 209, 211 Brillo Boxes (Warhol) 27 on visual intelligibility 204–5 Britton, Benjamin 178, 187 Baudrillard, Jean 180, 181, 186 see also Cave, Virtual on simulacra 182–83 Bronze Age, representation/s 194 Simulations 182 Brook, Donald 69, 73n.13 Baumgarten, Alexander 5, 76 Brunelleschi, Filippo, San Giovanni Baxandall, Michael 71n.2 perspective 92 bear, Tibiran Cave 120, 121, 122 Bryman, Alan 189n.4 INDEX AESTHETICS & ROCK 18/3/05 12:20 pm Page 304

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Buena Vista rock art site, graffiti 238, 4, 47n.1, 71n.4, 72n.6, 87, 126n.1, 239–40 127n.5, 142, 159–76, 251 building methods, traditional 152 Clifford, James 41, 78 Bull, M. 53 Clottes, Jean 21, 33, 91, 101, 105, 106, 119 Burkitt, Miles 35n.2 Cockburn, Alexander 186 Burnett, Ricky 203 Cogal rock shelter, graffiti 238, 241 Bushman, depictions 137, 142 Cole, Noelene A. 37, 47n.2 Byzantine, depictions 141 Coles, John 13, 191, 193–200 collage 17n.25, 42, 187 Caillebotte, Gustave, Boulevard Seen from community 147 Above 206 concepts 16n.15 food 51 Campbell, Colin 82 gender 51 Campbell, David 15n.5 hierarchy 30, 51, 57 Carroll, K. 148, 150–51 shelter 51 Carroll, Noël 72n.6 Conkey, Margaret (co-author), Beyond Cassidy, Margaret 180, 183 Art… 64, 66, 67, 68, 128 Castoriadis, C. 146 conscience, and consciousness 73n.9 categories consciousness aesthetic interpretive 53 aesthetic 24, 144 analytical 51 changes 174 sense perception 53 and conscience 73n.9 Western 52 and depiction 87, 169, 170 cats, representation/s 132 and optical tricks 13, 167, 171 , as sacred places xxii and perception 169–70 ceiling paintings 208–9 Pitjantjatjara 149 Center for African Art 78 unenlightened 179 Chaloupka, George 108, 110, 111, 112 consciousness, altered states of 13, 159, Chauvet Cave xviii, xix, xx, xxi, 21, 35n.2, 171, 173, 176, 176n.5 46 in archaeology 175 authenticity 186 and creativity 204 bear cult 21 definition 175 felines xxii and optical tricks 167 hand stencilling xxii and religious awareness 173 human habitation, evidence 21 and shamanism 175, 260 paintings 21, 22, 28, 33, 34, 38 contours see typical contour Chem Chem Ha Cave 223 cooperative act, of perception 125–26 children Coote, Jeremy 54 drawings by 143, 147, 148 copy imagination of 149 culture 184–86, 188 Chippindale, Chris 108, 112, 175 making 177, 181, 182, 184–89 Christo 46 see also fakes; representation/s Churchill, Winston, Sir, on painting 170 Cosquer Cave xviii, xx, xxi, 11, 89, 91, Cipriani, Giovanni-Baptista, Arch of Titus 105–7, 108 94 bison 105, 106, 107, 114 Clark, J. Desmond, The of finger drawings xxii Southern Africa 61 Cougnac xviii Clegg, John 3, 8, 13, 15n.1, 5, 9, 16n.14, Cousin, Jean 92 15, 18, 17n.25, 26, 30, 35, 36, 35n.2, craft 3, 13, 24, 147, 193, 232 INDEX AESTHETICS & ROCK 18/3/05 12:20 pm Page 305

Index 305

craftsmanship 21, 193, 197, 199–200, 222, depictions 232 kind craftsmen xviii, 21 Australian Aborigine 133 creative process 144 Bushman 137, 137, 140, 142 creativity, and altered states of Byzantine 141 consciousness 204 children’s 141 Criado Boado 46 Dordogne 139 crocodiles, depictions 133, 134 135 cross-cultural Ethiopia 135, 136, 138, 140 analysis, meta-language for 11, 51–52 140 category, aesthetics as 15n.10, 23, 24, Palaeolithic 131 27, 32 Sahara 140 definition of art 52 138, 140, 141 etiquette, aesthetics 3, 4, 5, 8–9 depictions of cross-temporal analysis, anthropology 11, 51 animals 131, 132 Cueva de las Pinturas Cave 219, 233 n.2 bovines 139 cultural boxes 140 appropriation, aesthetic appreciation crocodiles 133, 134 xxv, 3, 8–9, 16n.16, 35, 41, 52, devil 138, 140 70, 71n.4, 213n.10 eyes 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 141 objects, embeddedness 22 faces 136, 137 preconceptions 2 feet 134, 135, 136, 139 universals 53 felines 132, 139, 141 vectors 140 fishes 140 culture giraffes 140 interpretation of 51 goat 142 material 57 God 141 and perception 53–54, 58 hands 132, 135, 136, 138, 139 and rock art aesthetics 59 horses 140 human beings 131, 134–35, 137, 139 Danto, Arthur 27, 202 legs 135 ‘Daramulan’, optical tricks 161, 163 lion 140, 141 Davidson, Donald 26, 30, 145 modified speleothem 220, 221, 222, Davidson, I. 59 230 Davies, Hugh M. 182 paws 140, 141 Davies, Stephen 72n.6, 73n.9 saints 140, 141 Davis, Whitney 59 Deregowski, J.B. 12, 87, 131–42 ‘ d’Azevedo, Warren L. 2 design 143 De Stijl 67 abstract 144 Dean, J. Claire 64, 65, 71n.3 balance 153 death symbols, Maya 220 for ceremony 153 deer 228, 229, 231 formal analysis 145, 153–54 images 228, 229 graphic 145 Delbanco, Nicholas 189n.2 modern 152 Delluc, Brigitte & Gills 120, 178, 182 outline of 153–54, 156 dendroglyphs 15n.1, 43 ownership of 154–56 depiction ritual, sacred 147, 156 and consciousness 87, 169, 170 techniques of 152, 156–57 representation, difference 33 devil, depictions 138, 140 INDEX AESTHETICS & ROCK 18/3/05 12:20 pm Page 306

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Dewey, John 83 entoptic on art 76 figures 167, 171 Díaz-Granados, Carol 62 light 256 discontents 62, 63, 64, 65 environment, and art 55 Disneyland 180 Epstein, D. 16n.15 Ditton, Humphrey 92 Ernabella Domeris, William R. 11, 19, 75–85, 269 arts 143, 149 double entendre, visual 140 Design 146–47, 149, 152, 154, 156 Dowson, T.A. 75, 81, 82, 83, 84, 201, 204, and ‘traditional’ art 155–56 205, 206, 207–8, 209, 211 style 150, 156 Drakensberg 75, 77, 80, 81, 209, 210 Ethiopian, depictions 135, 136 drawing ethnographic data 55, 58, 64, 67, 145 by children 147, 148 evolutions, Lascaux Cave 177–89 finger- xxii see also name-evolution free 149 eye-spots 136 patterns 143 eyes, depiction 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, and perception 131–42 139, 141 process 12, 143, 149–57 redrawing xx, 95 faces, depictions 136, 137 Dreaming, The 149, 156 facsimile 140, 178, 181, 183, 186 Dronfield, Jeremy 167 fakes 41, 182, 186 Dryden, John 33 see also copy duck-rabbit, optical tricks 162, 169, 171 Faux Lascaux see under Lascaux Cave Dutton, Denis 15n.10, 48n.9, 15, 72n.6 feeling 54, 146, 168, 173, 262 Dziurawiec, S. 133 feet, depictions 134, 135, 136, 139 felines Eagleton, Terry, The Ideology of the Chauvet Cave xxii Aesthetic 24 depictions 132, 139, 141 Earle, T., Hawaiian/Mayan iconography, fine art 24, 25, 28, 39, 75, 78 comparative study 57 finger drawings, Cosquer Cave xxii Early Time, San people 211–12 Firth, Raymond 236 Eastham, Michael xxi, 12, 87, 89–115 fishes, depictions 140 Eastwood, Ed 269 ‘Fishman’ 161, 162 echidna (zaglossus) xxvi, 112 optical tricks 163 echoes see sound Fiske, John 181 Eco, Umberto 180, 189n.4 Fiskeby, carvings 196 education, Virtual Lascaux Cave 178–79, flaking, human, rocks 266–68 183, 185 Flaxman, John, The Archangel Michael… Egyptian, depictions 135 96 Eickelkamp, Ute 12, 87, 143–58 Fletcher, Bannister, Arch of Titus 95 Einstein, Albert 28 Font-de-Gaume Cave xviii, 12, 117, 122 Ekain Cave, Spain xviii bison 123, 126, 127–29 eland 75–77, 80–82, 261 horse 125 drawings 77, 81, 262, 263 plan and sections 124 as symbol 75, 81 Principal Gallery 123 Eliade, Mircea 268–69 Fonte Grande Canyon 16n.14 Elkin, A.P. 159 food, concept 51 embeddedness, cultural objects 22 foreshortening 75 engravings see form INDEX AESTHETICS & ROCK 18/3/05 12:20 pm Page 307

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creativity of 152 Gosden, Chris 15n.10 elasticity of 152 Gottdiener, M. 189n.4 finding 143, 150, 151, 152–54, 157 graffiti xix, 156, 237, 251n.1 meaning of 146 Buena Vista rock art site 238, 239–40 and patterns 143 Cogal rock shelter 238, 241 Foz Côa xviii Red Army 251n.1 frame notion, art 6, 7, 28, 65, 75, 80, 82, Venus 16n.14 84–85, 146, 179, 204, 206, 207, 209, granite carvings 226, 232, 246, 255 Backa 195 Kalleby 197, 198 Chauvet Cave 186 Grant, Campbell 61 Lascaux Cave 177–89 graphisme 63 Musée d’Aquitaine, Bordeaux 178 Graziosi, P. 35n.2 Pech-Merle Cave 186 Greek tragedy 31 Tarascon-sur-Ariège, Gunn, R.G. 165 park 186 Guston 66 Frännarp carvings, Sweden 199 Frederick, Ursula 58 Hall, M. 82–83 Freeland, Cynthia 76, 77, 78, 82, 83, 84 hallucinations, San rock art 208 Fry, R. 75 Halverson, John 2, 47n.4, 48n.12, 131, 139 function, aesthetics of 83 hamartia 31 Hamilton, A. 153 Gaede, Rolf 269 hammer marks, rocks 264–66 Gainsborough 66, 203 handprints xxi, 139 gamalang music 53 hands, depictions 132, 135, 136, 138, 139 Gardner, Helen 71n.2 Hardin, Kris L. 66, 67, 72 Gardner, W.J. 159, 260 Harris, D.B. 141 Gaudier-Brzeska, Henri 16n.15 Gauguin, Paul 202 39 Gawa 56 Mayan iconography, comparative study Gèlèdé 67 57 Gell, Alfred 73, 236 Hawkes, Terence 62 gender, concept 51 Hawthorn, Jeremy 182 general public xvii, xviii, 14 Hegel, G.W.F. 30, 69 geoglyphs 47n.6, 15n.1 Herbert, George 173 Hawaii 39 Heyd, Thomas xx, xxii, 1–17, 19, 35n.1, 4, Gestalt theory 146 37–49, 55, 59, 71n.4, 126n.1, 144, Gibson, J.J. 110–11 161, 180, 183, 251, 254, 269 Giedion, Siegfried 127, 128, 205 on rock art 187, 189n.8, 236, 237 Gillen, F. 145 hierarchy, concept 30, 51, 57 Gilson, E. 145 Hindu society 52 giraffes, depictions 140 Hindu-Buddhist rock art 235 ‘glory’ 169, 175 Holocaust Museum of Yad-va-Shem 82 goat, depictions 142 horses God, depictions 141 depictions 140 Goehr, L. 52 dotted, Pech-Merle 118, 119 Gombrich, E.H. 47n.4, 159, 177, 189n.2 Font-de-Gaume Cave 125 on art 68–69, 70, 71n.2 representation/s 119 Goodman, Cynthia 179 hubris 31 INDEX AESTHETICS & ROCK 18/3/05 12:20 pm Page 308

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human beings Johannesburg Zoological Gardens 203 depictions 131, 134–35, 137, 139 Johnson, Stephen Townley 211 representation/s 197 Jones, Kari 47 Huxley, A. 167, 174 ‘Red Hands’ 45 hyperreality 177 Junction Cave, painting 209, 210 Lascaux Cave II as 181–83 Jung, Carl 33 and representation 179–81 /Kaggen 76, 80, 212, 261 iconographies, traditional 147 Kalleby, granite carvings 197, 198 iconography Kant, Immanuel 7, 25, 83, 84, 89 Hawaiian/Mayan comparative study 57 concept Warlpiri people 145 of beauty 75, 76, 77 ideas, and art 84 of genius 30 ideotechnic artefacts 54, 60n.1 Kapirigi 110, 113, 114 image Kellner, Douglas 180 Daniel Boorstin on 180 Kiefer, Anselm 43 and sound 259 King, M.J. 189n.4 see also after-image Kloosterboer, K. 131 imagination Kono people 66, 67 aesthetic 143–57 Kristeller, Paul Oskar 3 artistic 232 Kunmanara, Nungalka 148, 150–51, 153 creative 147 Kunwinjku art 145 human 233, 265 Indo-European society 52 La Grèze Cave 11, 89, 91, 98–104, 105, , rock art, distribution map 243 112, 114 integration bison 98, 99, 101, 102, 103, 104 definition 117 Laberinto de las Tarantulas Cave 223 examples 119–21 Lake of the Woods 43 magical 126 n.2 Lamarque, Peter xx, xxii, 4, 10, 11, 19, representation 122–26, 128 21–35 intentional objects 27, 28, 30, 32, 34, Laming, Annette 177 48n.15, 232 Laming-Emperaire, Annette 62, 100, 101 intentionality 108, 152, 233 Landa, Diego de 225 interpretation 8, 21, 25, 26, 41, 45, 48n.15, language, patterns 71n.1 53, 54, 55, 58, 63, 64, 79, 84, 99, Lanoue, Guy 46 106, 107, 173, 175, 186, 189n.8, LaPena, Frank 65 193, 201, 202, 204, 205, 207, 211, l’art pour l’art 61, 62 213n.3, 235 see also art for art’s sake of aesthetics 76 Lascaux Cave xviii, xx, 21, 48n.11, 58, 87, of culture 51 185, 189n.5, 6 magical 126 Axial Gallery 178 optical tricks 161 discovery 177–78 radical 30 evolutions 13, 177–89, 189n.3 of style 145, 150, 154 Faux Lascaux 178, 186 Hall of the Bulls xxi, 178, 187 jaguar god, modified speleothem 221–22 Lascaux II Jarvik, M.E. 208 as hyperreality 181–3 xviii, xix, 177, Java 14, 112, 235, 241, 242, 244, 245, 246, 178, 185, 186, 189n.2 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 251n.2, 3 possible predecessors 186–87 INDEX AESTHETICS & ROCK 18/3/05 12:20 pm Page 309

Index 309

stencilling xx marks, on rock 90 Virtual 177–78, 185, 186, 187, 188 Marshack, Alexander xix Axial Gallery 179 Marshall, Lorna 259 educational purpose 178–79, 183, marsupial tapir drawing, Wangewangen 185 110, 111, 112, 113 laser survey techniques, rock art 119 Martinez, J.L. 55 Laura region 37, 43, 45 material culture 57 Lawal, Babatunde 66–67 Maury, G. 106 Le Salon noir xviii, xix Maya Le Tuc d’Audoubert xvii art, representation/s 219 Lechtman, H. 57 cave rituals xxii, 14, 215 Lefebvre, Henri 184 Classic art 218–19, 233 legs, depictions 135 death symbols 220 Leibniz, Gottfried 28 Hawaiian iconography, comparative Lejeune, Malylise 120, 121 study 57 Leonardo da Vinci, 97 religion 221–22 La Gioconda, perspective 93 speleothems xxi, 191, 215–33 ‘Leonardo da Vinci of the Ice Age’ 21, 22, 33 stela 226, 227 Leroi-Gourhan, André 62, 63, 99, 100, stone, significance 222–23, 225 101, 126n.2, 139 Mayrièure Supérieure Cave, bison 119 Préhistoire de l’Art Occidental 1 meaning xviii as function 79–80, 83 Leuthold, Steven 16n.20, 72n.6 as history 82–83, 84 Lévi-Strauss, Claude 62, 71n.1 as structure 80–82, 83–84 Lewis-Williams, J. David 62, 75, 76–77, Medicine Dance see Trance Dance 80–82, 84, 85, 167, 202, 204, 205, memory tablet, rock art as 46, 59, 183 206, 207–8, 209, 211 men, representation/s 131 Believing and Seeing 201 Mendieta, Ana 66 lines, representation/s 169 Merleau-Ponty, M. 149, 152, 157 Linnaeus, Carl 29 meta-language, for cross-cultural analysis lion, depictions 140, 141 51–52 Loltún Cave 232 Metropolitan Museum of Modern Art 78 Lorblanchet, Michel 56, 101, 119, 127n.4 Michaelangelo 69 Loubser, Jannie 269 Middle Ages 42 Louvre Museum 75, 93 Mills, George 7 Lyons, Joseph 16n.11 mise-en-abyme 182 missionaries 147 McCarthy, F.D. 145 missionization 143 McConnel, U.H. 145 missions 147, 149, 154 Macdonald Institute, Cambridge 108 modern art, non-Western art, assimilation McDonald, Jo 55 205–6 McKay diagrams 171, 172, 173 modified speleothem see under speleothem period xix, 100 Moiré lines 171 Mahoney, Diana 178, 179 Montelle, Yann-Pierre 181, 185, 189 Malotki, Ekkehart 269 see also Lascaux Cave, II Manchester debate 23, 25, 26, 27, 34 Morales, Reinaldo 11, 16n.14, 19, 61–74 Mandoki, Katya 17n.23, 47n.4 Morphy, Howard 11, 15n.10, 16n.17, Mapplethorpe, Robert 69 17n.31, 19, 51–60, 145, 167, 168, Maquet, Jacques 66, 72n.8, 253 169, 175, 255 INDEX AESTHETICS & ROCK 18/3/05 12:20 pm Page 310

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Morris, Desmond 15n.9, 255 objects see art objects Morwood, M.J. 37 Ofili, Chris 69 Mountford, C.P. 145 Ogan, Eugene 73 Mowaljarlai, David 64, 70 Ogawa, Masuru 12, 87, 117–29 Mulvaney, Ken 55 onà 67 Munn, N.D. 54, 56, 145 optical tricks 13 Murray, Peter 111 after-images 161, 164 Murrinh-Patha people 145 and altered states of consciousness 167, museum 171 categories 75, 83 ambiguous figures 161–63 displays 78, 79 barred circles 161, 165, 166, 167 museums, representation in 79–83 black dots 164 see also Bandung Museum ‘Daramulan’ 163 mutual complementarity 117 differential accommodation 161, 165 Myers, F.R. 146 duck-rabbit 162, 169, 171 Myron 66 fine parallel lines 168 myths ‘Fishman’ 163 Arnhem Land 113 interpretation 161 oral 55 Necker cubes 162, 167, 169, 171 painted 55 rock art 161–67 Sydney Sheep picture 164 Nagel, Thomas 26, 27 originality 179, 184–85, 186, 188 Naj Tunich Cave 219, 223, 226, 229, 231, originals 177, 180–81, 183–89 232, 233 n.2 Ouzman, Sven 14, 15n.4, 6, 16n.13–14, Najombolmi, paintings 161, 165, 176 17n.25, 36, 46, 191, 253–69 name-evolution 189n.3 owners, traditional 15n.2 name-tagging 228–29, 231 ownership 9, 19, 71n.4, 107, 154, 155, Namibia, depictions 140 156, 246, 249 narratives, mythic 154 Nash, George xv, 14, 191, 235–51 Pager, Harald 203 Native Americans 16n.15, 65, 238 painting Ndedema Gorge 203 body 147, 153, 155 Necker cubes 162, 167, 169, 171 Winston Churchill on 170 Neto, Barcelos 73 see also rock painting Newcomer, Mark 127 Palaeolithic Nez Perce tribe 64 artefacts 22 Ngarinyin rock painting 64 cave paintings 30, 33, 34 Niaux xviii Palaeolithic art xvii, xviii, xix, xx, xxi, 32, 66 56, 131, 177, 187, 205 Noble, W. 59 aesthetics xix, 56 non-art 1, 48n.11, 66, 67, 69 cultural milieu 22 non-representation/s 254, 255–56, 262, 264 Franco-Cantabrian 117, 124 see also representation/s perspective xx non-visual aspects, rock art 253–69 structuralism 62 Northern Queensland 37 theory 131 nympholepsy visual effects xx, xxi definition 184 palimpsest 44, 187, 249n.1 example 184 Pallava script 14, 235, 242, 244–50 panaramitee 165 INDEX AESTHETICS & ROCK 18/3/05 12:20 pm Page 311

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Panofsky, Erwin 71 Pessis, Anne-Marie 62–63 Papunya Tula 149 petroglyphs xviii, xxi, 1, 14, 37, 38, 41, 46, paradox 177, 182, 184, 188 61, 65, 178, 183–84, 70, 91, 100, parallel lines, fine, optical tricks 168 101, 102, 161, 165, 166, 167, Parc Préhistorique (Tarascon-sur-Ariège) 176n.3, 203, 236, 251, 253, 254, xviii 255, 257, 262, 264, 266 parietal art see rock art Peytral, Monique 178, 187 Parkman, Breck 269 Pfeiffer, John E. 127 Paterson, A.L. 139 Philip, Arthur 2, 15n.8 patterns philosophers 2, 26, 32 archaeology xxvi, 54 philosophy of art 32, 34, 35, 76 behavioural 152 internal & external 29, 30, 31 as collective representations 156 Piaroa people, and art 24–25, 31 decorative 152 Piauí, rock art 63 drawing 143 Picasso, Pablo 202 existing 156 pictographs 1, 38, 41, 183, 185, 187 and form 143 pictures xxvi, 1, 3, 10, 12, 62, 63, 75, 81, interactional, and rock art 55 87, 89, 90, 91, 105, 108, 115, 117, language 71 n.1 119, 125, 127n.3, 139, 144, 162, natural 147 164, 167, 169, 236 organic 149 see also representations process 155 Pierce, C.S. 62 taste 5 pilgrimage 215, 216, 223 trading 56 Pintupi painting 146 paws, depictions 140, 141 Pitjantjatjara Peacocke, Christopher 33 consciousness 149 Pearce, S.M., on museums 75, 79–83, 84 sand stories 145 Pech-Merle Cave xviii, 117 women 143, 146 alleged fakes 186 place, and rock art 55 dotted horses 118, 119 Plato 30, 159 perception on representation 179–80 archaeology of 54 on reproductions 185 and consciousness 169–70 Republic 185 and culture 53–54, 58 see also simulacra and drawing 131–42 Poisson Rock Shelter, salmon 120, 121 sense 53 Pollock, Jackson 39 Périgord 98 prehistoric perspective art theory 62 divergent 140 cultural systems 37 examples marks 2 Arch of Titus 95 past 3 bovid 107 people 12 Brunelleschi’s San Giovanni 92 rock art 1, 10, 13, 55, 58, 61, 65, 68, La Gioconda 93 69, 70, 183, 191, 193, 194 marsupial tapir drawing 113 trade routes 33 meaning 92 prehistoric art park, Tarascon-sur-Ariège Palaeolithic art xx 186 purpose 114 Price, S. 52 writers on 92 projections 97, 98 INDEX AESTHETICS & ROCK 18/3/05 12:20 pm Page 312

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psychology 5, 160, 168, 169 human beings 197 Purkinje, J. 165, 166, 167, 171, 173 and hyperreality 179–81 Pusilha Cave 233 n.2 in institutional designs 173 integration 122–26, 128 qualisigns 56, 60n.2 lines 169 qualities of things 53 Maya art 219 quartzite carvings, Simris 197–99, 198 meaning 63 quinkans 37 men 131 quotation, repetition as 189n.9 in museums 79 of myths 55 raark 168 naturalistic 22 radiance 165, 175 Palaeolithic 63 and aesthetics 167–69 Plato on 179–80 Rainbird, Paul 16n.13 preferred to rock art 63 rainbow snake, Arnhem Land 114 prehistoric 63 Rauschenberg, Robert 66 problematics of 179 Read, Herbert, The Meaning of Art 76 of reality 30 real 177, 179–81, 183–84 and reality 193 reality 178–81 salmon 120 images of 179–82 San rock art 263, 268 and representation/s 193 speleothems 222 see also hyperreality symbolic 189n.2 Red Army, graffiti 251n.1 systems 59, 60 ‘Red Hands’ poem 45, 49n.16 visual 145, 146, 149, 236 regression 97, 103, 104, 106, 113 vocal 145 religion, Maya 221–22 see also non-representation/s Rembrandt 193 reproductions 180, 183, 184 Renaissance 3, 5, 13, 52, 62, 68, 206, 209 Plato on 185 Renfrew, Colin 15n.10, 17n.32, 54 Réseau Clastres xviii repetition 154, 155, 187, 241 rhinoceros 261, 263 as quotation 189n.9 engraving 263, 265, 267 replicas xviii, xix, 13, 127, 171, 177, 181, Ricci, C. 141 182 Rice, P.C. 139 representation/s xx, xxi, 1, 3, 12, 37, 46, Risatti, Howard 62, 72 55, 59, 93, 112, 113, 157, 182, 185, rock art 186 Aboriginal view 64 animals 126n.2, 131 alternative terms 63, 64, 65 and art 193 Andean 55 of beliefs 45 and archaeology 59 Bronze Age 194 ‘art’ status 3–4, 8, 38–41 cats 132 Australia 2 collective, patterns as 156 Brazil 62 construction of 56, 182 contexts 70, 193–94 decoding 170, 171 Indonesia, distribution map 243 depiction, difference 33 and interactional patterns 55 figurative 58 landscapes 194 forms of 146, 236–38, 241 laser survey techniques 119 graphic 144 literate/non-literate forms 237 horses 119 location 38 INDEX AESTHETICS & ROCK 18/3/05 12:20 pm Page 313

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marks on rock 42 saints, depictions 140, 141 meanings 1, 39, 61, 69–70, 236 salmon as memory tablet 46, 59, 183 Poisson Rock Shelter 120, 121 non-European 2 representation/s 120 non-visual aspects 253–69 San parietal art see San rock art optical tricks 161–67 San people panels 38 Early Time 211–12 Piauí 63 three worlds 254 and place 55 San rock art 62, 75–80, 82–85 prehistoric 10, 13, 55, 58 aesthetics 83–85 purpose 21 engravings 255–56, 257 representation preferred 63 formal study 201–2, 211 Scandinavia 2, 193–99 hallucinations 208 Siberia 2 neglect 203 term representation/s 261, 266 alternatives 62 resounding rocks 257–61 origins 61–62 southern Africa, distribution map 256 text as 236, 241–42, 244–46 structuralism 80–82 Thomas Heyd on 187, 236 viewpoint 206–7 tradition xxi sastuun 225 transformative power 46–47 Saussure, Ferdinand de 62 see also rock painting; San rock art Scandinavia, rock art 2, 13, 193–200 rock art aesthetics Schaafsma, Polly 46, 61–62 conditions for 42–43 Schneider, David M. 73 and copy culture 186–88 Schwartz, Hillel 177, 182, 184, 185, 186, and culture 59 188, 189n.1 meaning 6, 70–71 scientific theories, incommensurability 28 ‘rock’ factor 43 ‘seeing-as’ 169 rock painting 143–44, 155–56 semiotics 55, 79, 80, 83, 143, 145, 180, permanence 155 237, 241 retouching of 155 sensations 53, 54 rock shelter, Kimberleys 44 sense perception, categories 53 rocks Sevilla, painting 206, 207 ‘gong’ 257, 258 Shakespeare, William 33 hammer marks 264–66 shaman, touch 264 human flaking 266–68 shamanism 13, 101, 171, 176, 236 marks on 90 and altered states of consciousness 175, resounding 257–61 260 rubbing 261, 262, 263, 264 and art 81–82, 83–84 Rojek, Chris 189n.4 Shanks, M. 53 Roman shelter, concept 51 mosaic 66 shimmering 57, 161, 165, 167, 168, 169, society 52 171, 173, 174, 176 Rossouw, Listie 269 Shiner, Larry 40–41 Rouzaud, François 119 Siberia, rock art 2 rubbing, rocks 261, 262, 263, 264, 265 Siegel, R.K. 208 Ruspoli, Mario 177 Sierra Leone 66 sight, and aesthetic appreciation 254 Sackett, J.R. 53 Simris, quartzite carvings 197–99, 198 INDEX AESTHETICS & ROCK 18/3/05 12:20 pm Page 314

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simulacra 177, 180–81, 182 Strathern, M. 51 Baudrillard on 182–83 Strehlow, T.G.H. 145 simulation 180–83, 185 structuralism Skotnes, Pippa 13, 75, 76, 191, 201–13 Palaeolithic art 62 Smith, H.R.R. 15n.10 San rock art 80–82 snake drawings, Wangewangen 108, 109 Stuart, David 220, 222 society 52 Sturt’s Meadows 161, 165, 167, 176 see also Hindu; Indo-European; engravings 166 Roman; Zande style sociotechnic artefacts 54, 60 n.1 acquisition of 152 Soffer, Olga (co-author), Beyond Art… 64, emergence of 144 66, 67, 68 Ernabella 150 Solomon, Anne 211 experience of 144 sound individual 153, 165 analgesic effect 260 interpretation of 145, 150, 154 and image 259 local art 149 San rock engravings 257–61 meaning of 143, 146 Spain modified speleothems 218–19, 232–33 Altamira Cave xviii, 117 perpetuation of 144 Altamira Cave II 186 variability of 152 Ekain Cave xviii Sullivan, Sharon 175 speleothem surfaces, disappearing 97 meaning 215 Sutton, P. 145 modified Dreamings… 146 aesthetics 218–19, 222–23, 230–33 Sweden, Frännarp carvings 199 dating 216 Sydney Sheep picture, optical tricks 164 depictions 220, 221, 222, 230 symbol 145–46 description 216 eland as 75, 81 distribution 216–17, 233 n.1 water 220 as found object 225–26 synthetic tracing 120 illustrations 216, 217, 218, 224, 228, 229, 231 Taçon, Paul 15n.3, 7, 46, 56, 58, 108, 168, jaguar god 221–22 171, 175, 266, 267 representation/s 222 Taira rock art 55 style 218–19, 232–33 ta’kwarü 31 vase 220, 221 Tarascon-sur-Ariège, prehistoric art park Spencer, B. 145 186 Stanner, W.E.H. 145 Taylor, L. 145 stencilling Taylor, Timothy 15n.10, 16n.12, 17, hand, Chauvet Cave xxii 17n.29 Lascaux xx technomic artefacts 54, 60n.1 stereophotogrammetry 178 text Stokstad, Marilyn 71 as rock art 236, 241–22, 244–46 Stone, Andrea xxi, xxii, 14, 215–33 on stones 242, 244–50 stones symmetry 241–42 Bandung Museum 235, 238–39 see also graffiti in Mayan culture 222–23, 225 texture gradient 132 Pallava script on 244–50 Thouless, Henry 97 text on 242, 244–50 Tibiran Cave, bear 120, 121, 122 INDEX AESTHETICS & ROCK 18/3/05 12:20 pm Page 315

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Tilley, C. 53 Vienna 69 tjina 147 Vinnicombe, Patricia 75, 80, 82 Tjukurpa see Dreaming, The People of the Eland 201 Toca do Cosmos, painting 173, 174 Virtual Lascaux see under Lascaux Cave Tofts, Darren 180, 181, 184, 185, 188, visual 189n.9 effects, Palaeolithic art xx, xxi Tomásková, Silvia 2–3, 7, 17n.27, 63, 64, intelligibility, Walter Battiss on 204–5 65, 69, 71n.5 representations 146 touchstones 261–66 triangle 92 tourism 211, 183, 189n.2 Vogel, Susan 78 cultural 43 Vries, Hans Vredeman de 92 Tournepiche, Jean-François 178, 186 trading, patterns 56 walka 147 tradition Wallace, Michael 189n.4 analytic 32 Waller, Kendall L. 48n.11 artistic 34 Waller, S.J. 16n.13, 43, 257, 269 cultural 34 Wangewangen 89, 91, 107–14 historical 32 marsupial tapir drawing 110, 111, 112, modernist 48n.14 113 rock art xxi snake drawings 108, 109 Western 63, 84 see also Arnhem Land trance 81, 83, 167, 171, 173, 174, 175, Warhol, Andy 187 176n.6, 208, 257, 258, 264 Brillo Boxes 27 Trance Dance 259–61, 264 Wark, McKenzie 182 Trezise, Percy 47n.2 Warlpiri people, iconography 145 Trigger, B.G. 51 Warm Springs tribe 64 Trocadero Museum 202 water, symbol 220 tuun 222 way 221, 222, 229 ‘twisted perspective’ 91 Werner, Heinz 158n.2 typical contour 131, 132, 133 Western art, non-Western influences 202, instability 132, 137 205 multiplicity of 134–40 White, Randall 56, 63 non co-planarity 132–35 Wilken, Rowan xviii, xix, 13, 87, 177–89, non-planarity 132, 135–37 189n.3, 269 shape invariance 132 Willcox, A.R. 82 William Humphries Art Museum 203 Ubirr 58 Wilson, B. 141 Umatilla tribe 64 Wilson, M. 141 utilization Winter, Irene 232 definition 117 Wittgenstein, Ludwig 22 example 122, 125 women artists 87, 146–47, 149, 153 Valcarce, Fabregas 46 images 37 validity 65, 108, 184, 188 Pitjantjatjara 143 Van Pelt, Jeff 65 Wordsworth, William 173–74, 253 Vastokas, J.M. 145 Writing-On-Stone 15n.5, 47 Vermeer, Jan 43 Vertut, Jean 62 xix-ha tunich 220 Vickers, Michael 15n.10, 17n.29 INDEX AESTHETICS & ROCK 18/3/05 12:20 pm Page 316

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Yakama tribe 64 Yucatán 14, 225, 232 Yankunytjatjara women 146–47 Yolngu 6, 176 Zande society 52 culture 57 Zettl, Herbert 178 paintings 57–58, 145, 167, 169 Ziff, Paul 3–4, 7, 8, 42, 189n.8, 232 Yoruba 5, 66, 67 zoomorphs 38