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Livro Actas Ephestia unicolorella woodiella E Cadra figulilella: DUAS NOVAS “TRAÇAS-DA-UVA” PRESENTES NAS VINHAS DO DOURO Cristina CARLOS1,2; Fátima GONÇALVES2; Susana SOUSA1; M. Carmo VAL 1; Branca TEIXEIRA1; Cátia MELANDA1; Luís SILVA1; Isabel GARCIA- CABRAL3; Laura TORRES2 RESUMO No presente trabalho, reporta-se a ocorrência, nas vinhas da região do Douro, de duas espécies de lepidópteros da família Pyralidae, i.e. Ephestia unicolorella woodiella (Richards & Thomson) e Cadra figulilella (Gregson) a causarem, estragos muito semelhantes aos resultantes da 3ª geração da traça-da-uva, Lobesia botrana (Den. & Schiff.). Pela semelhança da sintomatologia do ataque, estas espécies podem, à primeira vista, ser confundidas com L. botrana, aquando das estimativas do risco. Por este facto, os resultados da aplicação de meios de protecção contra esta praga, e em particular do método da confusão sexual, poderão ser comprometidos. Pouco se sabe acerca da bio- ecologia das duas espécies aqui referidas, apenas que estão normalmente associadas a material vegetal seco ou desidratado. Na região do Douro observaram-se pela primeira vez na vindima de 2009 e desde então, tem-se assistido à expansão da sua distribuição. Futuros trabalhos deverão passar pelo estudo da sua bioecologia, para o que é importante dispôr de feromonas para a moni- torização dos adultos, em particular no caso de E. unicolorella woodiella. Palavras-chave: Ephestia unicolorella woodiella, Cadra figulilella, Pyralidae, vinha, traça-da- uva. 1 ADVID – Associação para o Desenvolvimento da Viticultura Duriense, Quinta de Santa Maria, Apt. 137, 5050-106 Godim, Portugal; [email protected] 2 CITAB – Centro de Investigação e de Tecnologias Agro-Ambientais e Biológicas, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal; [email protected], [email protected] 3 Departamento de Biologia e Ambiente, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal 159 Livro Actas 1 - INTRODUÇÃO Nos países da Bacia do Mediterrâneo, a traça-da-uva, Lobesia botrana (Den. & Schiff.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), é considerada praga-chave da vinha, devido à importância dos prejuízos que causa ao alimentar-se dos cachos e ao promover o ataque de fungos, como a podridão-cinzenta, Botrytis cinerea. Contudo, na Europa, existem outras espécies de lepidópteros que se alimentam de cachos de uvas, das quais se destacam Eupoecilia ambiguella (Hübner) e Argyrotaenia ljungiana (Thunberg), da família Tortricidae e Cryptoblabes gnidiella (Milliére) e Ephestia unicolorella woodiella Richards & Thom- son (= Ephestia parasitella unicorella Staudinger) da família Pyralidae (IORIATTI et al., 2012). A última destas espécies é considerada praga ocasional da vinha em França e Itália (XUEREB et al., 2003). No presente trabalho, refere-se a ocorrência, em vinhas do Douro, de, E. unicolorella woodiella e de outra espécie de Pyralidae, Cadra figulilella (Gregson) (= Ephestia figulilella) referida como praga da uva-passa na Austrália (BUCHANAN et al., 1984). Por não ter sido possível obter informação, acerca destas duas espécies, em vinhas portuguesas, apresenta-se também uma breve revisão acerca da sua morfologia, ciclo de vida e hospedeiros. 2 - MORFOLOGIA Os adultos de L. botrana, E. unicolorella woodiella e C. figulilella distinguem-se facil- mente, quer pelo tamanho, quer pela coloração. Assim, no caso de E. unicolorella woo- diella têm entre 14 e 20 mm de envergadura, as asas anteriores são acinzentadas e as posteriores de cor cinzenta a cinzenta-acastanhada, tingidas de vermelho-púrpura, com uma banda transversal pálida (muitas vezes indistinta) e bandas verticais mais escuras (ALFORD, 2007) (Figura 1). Já os adultos de C. figulilella, têm entre 12 e 20 mm de envergadura, as asas anteriores são esbranquiçadas e as posteriores acinzentadas, com escamas rosadas (HERBISON-EVANS & CROSSLEY, 2008) (Figura 2). Por outro lado, os adultos de L. botrana têm apenas 11 a 13 mm de envergadura, as asas anteriores são acinzentadas e franjadas e as posteriores apresentam uma tonalidade bronzeada com manchas de tom cinzento-azulado e pretas (IORIATTI et al., 2012) (Figura 3). Relativamente aos ovos, os de E. unicolorella woodiella têm forma oval e cor branca (XUEREB et al., 2003) enquanto os de C. figulilella são redondos, amarelo- alaranjados 160 Livro Actas e ligeiramente pegajosos (BURKS & JOHNSON, 2012); por outro lado, os de L. botrana têm forma ligeiramente elíptica e cor inicialmente amarelada, tornando-se depois cin- zentos transparentes com reflexos brilhantes (IORIATTI et al., 2012). As lagartas de E. unicolorella woodiella têm a cabeça castanha-avermelhada e o resto do corpo amarelo claro com manchas rosadas, onde se destacam numerosas sedas e tubérculos pilosos alongados, de cor escura (IORIATTI et al., 2012) (Figura 4). Por sua vez, as larvas de C. figulilella são brancas e possuem dorsalmente quatro linhas longi- tudinais de pontos de cor púrpura (HERBISON-EVANS & CROSSLEY, 2008). Já as larvas de L. botrana possuem coloração que varia de verde-claro a acastanhado, depen- dendo da alimentação; a cabeça é amarela-acastanhada e o escudo protorácico tem a mesma cor, apresentando uma borda mais escura; possuem ainda pêlos em tubérculos de cor branca (IORIATTI et al., 2012) (Figura 5). As lagartas de qualquer das espécies medem no máximo desenvolvimento cerca de 10 mm de comprimento. As pupas de L. botrana (Figura 6) medem cerca de 4-6 mm e têm coloração acastanhada, enquanto as de E. unicolorella woodiella têm 7 a 8 mm de comprimento e coloração castanha alaranjada (IORIATTI et al., 2012; ALFORD, 2007). 3 - BIOECOLOGIA Pouco se sabe sobre os hospedeiros de E. unicolorella woodiella e C. figulilella, excepto que E. unicolorella woodiella está normalmente associada a material vegetal seco, bagas secas, rebentos secos de heras (ANÓNIMO s.d.) e, no caso da vinha, a bagos secos ou desidratados de uva (IORIATTI et al., 2012). Já C. figulilella é referida como estando associada a frutos desidratados (KHAJEPOUR et al., 2012), designadamente figos, pês- segos ou nectarinas caídas e uvas (FLAHERTY, 1992; HERBISON-EVANS & CROS- SLEY, 2008). Ambas as espécies hibernam no estado de lagarta num casulo que tecem para o efeito em locais abrigados, como ranhuras da casca da videira (SIMMONS & NELSON, 1975, IORIATTI et al., 2012). E. unicolorella woodiella pode ainda hibernar no interior de bagos secos deixados na vinha enquanto C. figulilella pode hibernar nos primeiros cen- tímetros de solo, junto ao tronco da videira (FLAHERTY, 1992; SIMMONS & NELSON, 1975); em ambas as espécies, a pupação ocorre durante a Primavera (SIM- 161 Livro Actas MONS & NELSON, 1975; IORIATTI et al., 2012). Os adultos de E. unicolorella woo- diella emergem a partir de Abril e estão activos durante o período de Abril a Setembro (FLEMISH ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY, 2004), dando origem, em regra, a uma geração anual (HOWARD, 2011). Os adultos de C. figulilella também começam a emer- gir a partir de Abril, podendo dar origem a quatro gerações anuais (SIMMONS & NELSON, 1975; FLAHERTY, 1992). Apesar disso, aparentemente o ataque na videira só ocorre a partir de Agosto, quando começam a existir frutos maduros. 162 Livro Actas 4 - SINTOMATOLOGIA E ESTRAGOS EM VINHA As lagartas de E. unicolorella woodiella são normalmente observadas após o estado feno- lógico “pintor” parecendo manifestar preferência por bagos secos ou murchos (IORIATTI et al., 2012) enquanto C. figulilella terá preferência por uvas maduras e em particular pelas que estiverem danificadas, com podridões ou desidratadas (FLAHERTY, 1992; HERBI- SON-EVANS & CROSSLEY, 2008). Aparentemente, as lagartas jovens de E. unicolorella woodiella alimentam-se do ráquis e, quando mais desenvolvidas, conseguem penetrar os frutos e alimentar-se do seu interior (ALFORD, 2007; XUEREB et al., 2003). Em termos comportamentais estas lagartas distinguem-se com relativa facilidade das de L. botrana por serem menos activas. Assim, enquanto as lagartas desta espécie se mexem freneticamente quando importunadas, deixando-se cair por um fio de seda, as de E. uni- colorella woodiella permanecem quase imóveis e frequentemente dobradas em forma de C (IORIATTI et al., 2012). 5 - DISTRIBUIÇÃO MUNDIAL A presença de E. unicolorella woodiella foi reportada em Espanha, França, Croácia, Rússia, Bélgica, Luxemburgo e Países Baixos (FAUNA EUROPAEA, 2013), Ilhas Bri- tânicas, Suíça e Itália (ALFORD, 2007). C. figulilella é uma espécie com maior expansão, sendo primariamente encontrada nos países da região do Mediterrâneo e em regiões da América e Austrália que apresentem climas semelhantes (BURKS & JOHNSON, 2012). 163 Livro Actas 6 - NOTA SOBRE A OCORRÊNCIA DE E. UNICOLORELLA WOODIELLA E C. FIGULILELLA EM VINHAS DO DOURO As espécies analisadas no presente trabalho observaram-se pela primeira vez em vinhas do Douro, com o registo da ocorrência de E. unicolorella woodiella em 2009 (Quadro 1). Em 2011 e 2012, o alargamento das observações a maior número de parcelas, Quintas e sub-regiões, permitiu obter informação adicional sobre a ocorrência desta espécie na região e permitiu também identificar em 2012, C. figulilella embora com uma ocorrência comparativamente menor (Quadro 1). A análise dos dados obtidos mostra que na região do Cima Corgo, E. unicolorella woo- diella se observou em 16,7% das parcelas amostradas em 2009, em 11,5% das amostra- das em 2011 e em 25,9 % das amostradas em 2012. Comparando a importância relativa das três espécies de “traças-da-uva” identificadas, verifica-se que em 2011, das 151 lagartas colhidas, 89,4% eram de L. botrana e 10,6% eram de E. unicolorella woodiella. Já em 2012, das 124 lagartas obtidas, 61,2% eram de L. botrana, 33,9% eram de E. uni- colorella woodiella e 4% eram de C. figulilella (Quadro 2). 164 Livro Actas Estes resultados parecem indicar, que E. unicolorella woodiella está adaptada a climas mais quentes, pelo facto de ter sido observada apenas nas sub-regiões do Cima Corgo e Douro Superior, sendo que no Baixo Corgo não foi registada a sua presença (Quadro 1). O reconhecimento da existência destas duas espécies de piralídeos nas vinhas do Douro, aponta para a necessidade da realização de estudos destinados a, conhecer a sua verda- deira importância na região.
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    INDEX ORAL PRESENTATION INDEX BY THEMES Page …… 03 - 05 POSTER PRESENTATION INDEX BY THEMES Page …… 06 – 07 ORAL PRESENTATION ABSTRACTS Page …… 08 – 45 POSTER PRESENTATION ABSTRACTS Page …… 46 – 66 AUTHOR INDEX Page …… 67 - 70 Abstract Book – Joint IOBC-WPRS Meeting of the Working Group Page 2 of 71 ORAL PRESENTATION INDEX BY THEMES Session 1: Advances in knowledge and new solutions against diseases: Flavescence dorée November 6th, 2019 at 10:10 THEME: Advances in knowledge and new solutions against diseases OP1 - ARE GRAPEVINE PLANTS RECOVERED FROM FLAVESCENCE DORÉE SUSCEPTIBLE TO NEW INFECTIONS OF THIS PHYTOPLASMA? OP2 - SAME DISEASE, DIFFERENT RESPONSE: THE CASE OF FLAVESCENCE DORÉE PHYTOPLASMA AND DIVERSE GRAPEVINE CULTIVARS OP3 - INVESTIGATIONS ON THE ABILITY OF PHLOGOTETTIX CYCLOPS TO TRANSMIT FLAVESCENCE DORÉE PHYTOPLASMA TO VITIS VINIFERA L Session 1: Advances in knowledge and new solutions against diseases: mildews November 6th, 2019 at 11:40 THEME: Advances in knowledge and new solutions against diseases OP4 - A 2-YEAR MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF MULTIPATHOGENS DAMAGE (DOWNY MILDEW AND POWDERY MILDEW) RELATED TO SOIL RESISTIVITY, GRAPEVINE VIGOR AND YIELD LOSS OP5 - IMPROVEMENT OF COPPER EFFICACY AGAINST PLASMOPARA VITICOLA IN ORGANIC VITICULTURE BY ADDING ADJUVANTS OP6 - EVALUATION OF INTER AND INTRACULTIVAR VARIABILITY IN THE DOWNY MILDEW RESISTANCE IN VITIS VINIFERA L OP7 - RESISTANCE OF ERYSIPHE NECATOR TO FUNGICIDES AND THE USE OF BIO-FUNGICIDES AND MACRO PLUS MICRO- NUTRIENTS IN GRAPE POWDERY MILDEW MANAGEMENT Session 1:
  • Check List of Slovenian Microlepidoptera

    Check List of Slovenian Microlepidoptera

    Prejeto / Received: 14.6.2010 Sprejeto / Accepted: 19.8.2010 Check list of Slovenian Microlepidoptera Tone LESAR(†), Marijan GOVEDIČ1 1 Center za kartografijo favne in flore, Klunova 3, SI-1000 Ljubljana; e-mail: [email protected] Abstract. A checklist of the Microlepidoptera species recorded in Slovenia is presented. Each entry is accompanied by complete references, and remarks where appropriate. Until now, the data on Microlepidopteran fauna of Slovenia have not been compiled, with the existing information scattered in literature, museums and private collections throughout Europe. The present checklist is based on records extracted from 290 literature sources published from 1763 (Scopoli) to present. In total, 1645 species from 56 families are listed. Keywords: Microlepidoptera, checklist, Slovenia, fauna Izvleček. SEZNAM METULJČKOV (MICROLEPIDOPTERA) SLOVENIJE – Predstavljen je seznam vrst metuljčkov, zabeleženih v Sloveniji. Za vsako vrsto so podane reference, kjer je bilo smiselno, pa tudi komentar. Do sedaj podatki o metuljčkih Slovenije še niso bili zbrani, obstoječi podatki pa so bili razpršeni v različnih pisnih virih, muzejskih in zasebnih zbirkah po Evropi. Predstavljeni seznam temelji na podatkih iz 290 pisnih virov, objavljenih od 1763 (Scopoli) do danes. Skupaj je navedenih 1645 vrst iz 56 družin. Ključne besede: Microlepidoptera, seznam vrst, Slovenija, živalstvo NATURA SLOVENIAE 12(1): 35-125 ZOTKS Gibanje znanost mladini, Ljubljana, 2010 36 Tone LESAR & Marijan GOVEDIČ: Check List of Slovenian Microlepidoptera / SCIENTIFIC PAPER Introduction Along with beetles (Coleoptera), butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) are one of the most attractive groups for the amateur insect collectors, although the number of researchers professionally engaged in these two groups is relatively high as well.
  • Rapid Pest Risk Analysis (PRA) For: Euzophera Bigella

    Rapid Pest Risk Analysis (PRA) For: Euzophera Bigella

    Rapid Pest Risk Analysis (PRA) for: Euzophera bigella June 2018 Summary and conclusions of the rapid PRA Euzophera bigella is a moth found in much of Europe and parts of Asia, whose larvae (caterpillars) feed inside a variety of fruit and under the bark of a number of species of tree. Though there have been several adults caught in light traps in the UK, such records are very scarce and there is no evidence this species is established in any part of this country. Following the rapid screening of E. bigella via the UK Plant Health Risk Register, this PRA was requested to further assess the potential risk to the UK. This rapid PRA shows: Risk of entry The pathway of fruit (and nuts) is considered moderately likely, with medium confidence. Larvae have previously been found in imported fruit in the UK. If larvae were able to complete development inside the fruit, emerging adults would be capable of flying off and locating new hosts. The pathway of larvae under the bark of older trees for planting is considered moderately likely, with medium confidence. Larvae under the bark of younger, smaller trees is assessed as unlikely with medium confidence, as infestations produce swellings and cracks in the bark which are more likely to be seen in smaller trees. 1 The pathway of wood with bark is considered unlikely with low confidence. Confidence is low because a different species of Euzophera has recently travelled from the USA to Italy on this pathway. The pathway of natural spread is considered very unlikely with low confidence.
  • Plasmopara Viticola) G

    Plasmopara Viticola) G

    IOBC / WPRS Working Group “Integrated Protection and Production in Viticulture” OILB / SROP Groupe de Travail “Lutte Intégrée et Production Intégrée en Viticulture” Proceedings of the Meeting Compte Rendu de la Réunion at / à Volos (Hellas) March 18-22, 2003 Edited by Carlo Lozzia IOBC wprs Bulletin Bulletin OILB srop Vol. 26 (8) 2003 The IOBC/WPRS Bulletin is published by the International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control of Noxious Animals and Plants, West Palearctic Regional Section (IOBC/WPRS) Le Bulletin OILB/SROP est publié par l‘Organisation Internationale de Lutte Biologique et Intégrée contre les Animaux et les Plantes Nuisibles, section Regionale Ouest Paléarctique (OILB/SROP) Copyright: IOBC/WPRS 2003 The Publication Commission of the IOBC/WPRS: Horst Bathon Luc Tirry Federal Biological Research Center University of Gent for Agriculture and Forestry (BBA) Laboratory of Agrozoology Institute for Biological Control Department of Crop Protection Heinrichstr. 243 Coupure Links 653 D-64287 Darmstadt (Germany) B-9000 Gent (Belgium) Tel +49 6151 407-225, Fax +49 6151 407-290 Tel +32-9-2646152, Fax +32-9-2646239 e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: luc.tirry@ rug.ac.be Address General Secretariat: INRA – Centre de Recherches de Dijon Laboratoire de recherches sur la Flore Pathogène dans le Sol 17, Rue Sully, BV 1540 F-21034 DIJON CEDEX France ISBN 92-9067-156-2 Editorial The meeting that was held in Volos, supported by the Benaki Institute, has ratified the 30 years of the working groups that today have become Integrated Protection and Production in Viticulture. It is my intention to remind and thank all those who, with their work, have contributed to the birth, the development and the extraordinary vitality of this group.