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Análisis Palinológico De La Formación Los Molles, Grupo Cuyo, Jurásico Medio De La Cuenca Neuquina, Argentina

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Análisis Palinológico De La Formación Los Molles, Grupo Cuyo, Jurásico Medio De La Cuenca Neuquina, Argentina AMEGHINIANA (Rev. Asoc. Paleontol. Argent.) - 42 (1): 67-92. Buenos Aires, 30-03-2005 ISSN 0002-7014 Análisis palinológico de la Formación Los Molles, Grupo Cuyo, Jurásico medio de la cuenca Neuquina, Argentina Marcelo A. MARTÍNEZ1, Mirta E. QUATTROCCHIO1 y Mercedes B. PRÁMPARO2 Abstract. PALYNOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE LOS MOLLES FORMATION, CUYO GROUP, MIDDLE JURASSIC OF THE NEUQUÉN BASIN, ARGENTINA. Sporomorphs and paleomicroplankton identified from the Middle Jurassic, Los Molles Formation, Cuyo Group, are described and illustrated in this contribution. The palynomorphs were recovered from three of the five sampled surface sections (Lohan Mahuida, Puente Picún Leufú, Puesto Policía, Los Molles and Cerro Lotena) located near Zapala city, Neuquén Basin, Argentina. The studied microfloras include 50 species of sporomorphs (20 spores and 30 pollen grains) and 31 species of paleomicroplankton (9 green algae, two dinofla- gellate cysts and 20 acritarchs). Specimens belonging to the genera Divisisporites, Callialasporites, Monosulcites and one spore gen. et sp. indet. are described. Systematics include prasinophyte of the genera Cymatiosphaera, Pleurozonaria and Tasmanites. Also included are acritarchs of the genera Baltisphaeridium, Filisphaeridium, Micrhystridium, Leiosphaeridia, Polygonium and Veryhachium. The new combination Cymatiosphaera volkheimerii (Quattrocchio) is proposed. The occurrence of the acritarchs Filisphaeridium balmei (Sarjeant) Sarjeant and Stancliffe, F. castaninum (Valensi) Sarjeant and Stancliffe, F. densispinum (Valensi) Sarjeant and Stancliffe and Veryhachium va- lensii (Valensi) Downie and Sarjeant is mentioned for the first time in the Neuquén Basin. The studied palynoflo- ras are correlated with the Biozone of Callialasporites “complex” (Sub-biozone of Callialasporites trilobatus (Balme) Dev, Antulsporites saevus (Balme) Archangelsky and Gamerro and Klukisporites labiatus (Volkheimer) Baldoni and Archangelsky) previously proposed for this area of the Neuquén Basin. A Late Aalenian - Early Bajocian age is suggested for the studied sections. Resumen. Se describen e ilustran en este trabajo esporomorfos y paleomicroplancton identificados en la Formación Los Molles, Grupo Cuyo (Jurásico medio). Los palinomorfos fueron recuperados de 11 muestras de afloramientos pertenecientes a tres de las cinco secciones estratigráficas muestreadas (Lohan Mahuida, Puente Picún Leufú, Puesto Policía, Los Molles y Cerro Lotena) localizadas en cercanías de la ciudad de Zapala, en el ámbito de la Cuenca Neuquina, Argentina. Las microfloras estudiadas están constituídas por 50 especies de esporomorfos (20 esporas y 30 granos de polen) y 31 taxones de microplancton (9 algas verdes, 2 dinoflagelados y 20 acritarcos). Se describen ejemplares pertenecientes a los géneros Divisisporites, Callialasporites, Monosulcites y una espora género y especie indeterminadas. La sección en sistemática incluye prascinofíceas de los géneros Cymatiosphaera, Pleurozonaria y Tasmanites y entre los acritarcos especies pertenecientes a Baltisphaeridium, Filisphaeridium, Micrhystridium, Leiosphaeridia, Polygonium y Veryhachium. Se propone la nueva combinación de Cymatiosphaera volk- heimerii (Quattrocchio). Se realiza la primera mención para la Cuenca Neuquina de cuatro especies de acritarcos: Filisphaeridium balmei (Sarjeant) Sarjeant y Stancliffe, F. castaninum (Valensi) Sarjeant y Stancliffe, F. densispinum (Valensi) Sarjeant y Stancliffe y Veryhachium valensii (Valensi) Downie y Sarjeant. Las microfloras analizadas se co- rrelacionan con la Biozona de Callialasporites “complex”, Sub-biozonas de Callialasporites trilobatus (Balme) Dev, Antulsporites saevus (Balme) Archangelsky y Gamerro y Klukisporites labiatus (Volkheimer) Baldoni y Archangelsky, propuestas previamente para el área de trabajo. Se sugiere una edad comprendida entre el Aaleniano tardío y Bajociano temprano para las secciones estudiadas. Key words. Palynology. Systematics. Los Molles Formation. Middle Jurassic. Neuquén Basin. Argentina. Palabras clave. Palinología. Sistemática. Formación Los Molles. Jurásico medio. Cuenca Neuquina. Argentina. Introducción pondientes a la Formación Los Molles, Grupo Cuyo, en el sector centro-occidental de la cuenca Neuquina. En este trabajo se exponen los resultados del aná- Constituye un aporte al conocimiento de la palinoes- lisis palinológico efectuado sobre muestras prove- tratigrafía de la cuenca, ya que se amplía el número nientes de afloramientos del Jurásico medio, corres- de especies citadas en trabajos previos para esta for- mación. Se presenta el estudio sistemático de palinomorfos 1CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas). Universidad Nacional del Sur, Departamento de Geo- que revisten el carácter de primeras menciones y/o logía, San Juan 670, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina. especies nuevas y la lista de especies identificadas. [email protected]; [email protected] Los resultados del análisis palinofacial y la evalua- 2CONICET. CRICYT (Centro Regional de Investigaciones Cientí- ción paleoambiental y paleoclimática correspondien- ficas y Tecnológicas), Ianigla (Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales), Unidad de Paleopalinología, tes a las asociaciones microflorísticas aquí estudiadas C.C. 330, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina. [email protected] serán dados a conocer en futuras publicaciones. ©Asociación Paleontológica Argentina AMGHB2-0002-7014/05$00.00+.50 68 M.A. Martínez, M.E. Quattrocchio y M.B. Prámparo Área de estudio, estratigrafía y edad Antecedentes palinológicos La cuenca Neuquina es una cuenca de retroarco, Las contribuciones de Volkheimer y Quattrocchio localizada en el sector centro-occidental de Argen- (1981) y Quattrocchio et al. (1996a) constituyen ver- tina. Se originó durante el Triásico tardío y constitu- daderos trabajos de síntesis con distribuciones estra- yó una importante área de sedimentación durante el tigráficas de palinomorfos y zonaciones polínicas pa- Jurásico y Cretácico temprano. El Grupo Cuyo o ra el Jurásico y Cretácico de la cuenca Neuquina. Los “Cuyano” de Groeber (1946) representa el primer estudios palinoestratigráficos específicos de la For- episodio importante de deposición después de la mación Los Molles son hasta el presente escasos, en configuración de la cuenca (figura 1). En el centro-sur comparación con la abundante información prove- de Neuquén, el “Cuyano” evidencia un arreglo re- niente de la Formación Lajas. En Volkheimer (1973, gresivo dada la progradación de las distintas unida- 1974) se sintetizan aspectos relativos a la estratigra- des que lo conforman. Para el sector de estudio, y de fía, y se describen e ilustran palinomorfos extraídos acuerdo a datos regionales, el Grupo Cuyo se depo- de las formaciones Sierra Chacai Co y Los Molles en sitó entre el Pliensbaquiano medio hasta el Caloviano Sierra de Chacai Co y adyacencias. Scafati y Morbelli temprano (Gulisano et al., 1984). En este contexto, la (1984) aportan datos palinológicos de la Formación sucesión de pelitas oscuras y areniscas intercaladas Lajas y mencionan e ilustran algunos taxones recu- de interior de cuenca a plataforma, corresponden a la perados de la Formación Los Molles. Quattrocchio et Formación Los Molles (Weaver, 1931). De acuerdo a al. (1996b), García (1998), Martínez (1999), Martínez datos paleontológicos, Volkheimer (1973) sugiere et al. (2001) y García et al. (1994, 2000) realizan apor- que esta formación se habría depositado entre el tes vinculados a la palinoestratigrafía y palinofacies Toarciano y Aaleniano, pudiendo extenderse el lími- del Grupo Cuyo. Más recientemente, Martínez (2002), te superior hasta el Bajociano basal, con algunas du- presenta una nueva zonación polínica para el das. Jurásico medio, en el área de estudio, tomando como El área de estudio se ubica en el sector centro-oc- base el análisis secuencial y datación con fauna de cidental de la cuenca Neuquina, entre los 39º 10’ - 39º amonites publicados previamente por otros autores 21’ latitud sur y 69º 39’ - 70º 25’ longitud oeste y com- (Zavala, 1993, 1996a, 1996b). prende 5 perfiles localizados en cercanías de la ciu- dad de Zapala (figura 2), e identificados como perfi- les Lohan Mahuida (708 metros de espesor estrati- Metodología gráfico), Puesto Policía (513 metros), Puente Picún Leufú (836 metros), Los Molles (403 metros) y Cerro A fin de realizar un estudio de estratigrafía por Lotena (928 metros). secuencias, Zavala (1993) levantó las 5 secciones es- Mediante calibración con fauna de amonites y por tratigráficas de detalle, correspondientes a las forma- posición en la secuencia, Zavala (1993, 1996a, 1996b), ciones Los Molles, Lajas, Challacó, Lotena y Quebra- reconoce para la Formación Los Molles dos secuen- da del Sapo, con un espesor acumulado de 3388 me- cias deposicionales de cuarto orden, denominadas tros. Dichas secciones fueron medidas banco a banco JC4.1 y JC4.2. En los perfiles estudiados, la secuencia mediante el uso de báculo de Jacob y muestreadas JC4.1 no cuenta con hallazgos macropaleontológicos para estudios macro y micropaleontológicos. Los per- de relevancia, sin embargo en sectores cercanos al files completos, con detalle de litofacies ambientes y área de estudio Zavala (1993, 1996a, 1996b) mencio- secuencias deposicionales han sido presentados en na, para la misma secuencia, la presencia de amoni- Zavala (1993). tes representativos de las Zonas de Asociación de Pu- Del total de 20 muestras procesadas, correspon- chenquia malarguensis y Pseudotoites
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