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Palaeontolqgical Society of Japan Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontolqgical,, Society of Japan New Series No. 85 Palaeontological Society of Japan April 20, 1972 Editor: Takashi HAMADA Associate editor: Yasuhide IWASAKI Officers for 1971 - 1972 President: Tokio SHIKAMA Councillors (* Executives): Kiyoshi AsANO*, Kiyotaka CHINZEI*, Takashi HAMADA*, Tetsuro HAN AI*, Kotora HAT AI, Itaru HAY AMI, Koichiro ICHIKAwA, Taro KANAYA, Kametoshi KANMERA, Tamio KOTAKA, Tatsuro MATSUMOTO*, Hiroshi OZAKI*, Tokio SHIKAMA*, Fuyuji TAKA!*, Yokichi TAKAYANAGI Secretaries: Wataru HASHIMOTO, Saburo KANNO Executive Committee General Affairs: Tetsuro HANAI, Naoaki AOKI Membership : Kiyotaka CHINZEI, Toshio KOIKE Finance: Fuyuji T AKAI, Hisayoshi !GO Planning: Hiroshi OZAKI, Kazuo ASAMA Publications Transactions: Takashi HAMADA, Yasuhide IWASAKI Special Papers: Tatsuro MATSUMOTO, Tomowo OzAwA " Fossils" : Kiyoshi ASANO, Toshiaki TAKAYAMA All communications relating to this journal should be addressed to the PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN c/ o Business Center for Academic Societies, Japan. Yayoi 2-4-16, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan Sole agent : University of Tokyo Press, Hongo, Tokyo Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S., No. 85, pp. 245-259, pis. 29, 30, April 20, 1972 591. ONTOGENY OF THREE CEDARIA ZONE TRILOBITES FROM UPPER CAMBRIAN, MONTANA* CHUNG-HUNG HU Department of Biology, Nanyang University, Singapore** -c :/ !l 7-1-I-IJ:;·~~ 'h :/ 7" ~ 7*0) Cedaria 1\~=,:)[::::::•x~!R :=:f,llO)iibH:>J.:§E~: ~t::i~ -c :/ !l T-1+1 "'T 1 '/ :/ 'h 7 :/7' 1 0)_]·.)}1177 :/ 7' ~ 7* Cedaria ;:;::f;::_~-9- 0 !::" '" !f ~ .L..~ 0)/~Efd!:.Tiffi!G fcv'i3:-;!ix0)::::::~~1l-?1!9iilf:.J'J. C1roil'l!lt~Uf0 i.i;fr'i:lc·-n-'0, .:::.:lci?O) '5 'G:=:Z.f!EO) 3 fir(, -Tt.;::h 'G Syspacheilus dunoirensis, Nixonella montanensis, Baltagnostus beltensis (C"?v'L, .:CO)f0jf*J£1=-'2w:.J.....::t.=if.i'ilf,;, '%-O)flf'i Coosella convexa -? Crepicephalus deadwoodensis :to J::: l1 Tricrepicephalus blountensis t.;:: c'O))E1=-v:=. 1]!WJ_-9 0 ,.~•.7J;;:!,.0 fJ, ~=H\f'i ~;·1 fl~ tc, Kingstonia ara :to J::: tF Komaspidella laevis \C, 'i t:~:::':O)l'J't:'i IC, Kormagnostus sim­ plex fC, .:Ch.:f'hj~:l,"Cv'Q.:::. ci.J;~jajj L..t.=, L..t.=i.J;-:> "C, .:::.hi?0)0-*JH'i**1t(l'~tJ:v' l..l'i5J ~rl"¥:i'i'~fcili:HdYJi,f,'2<b--:JtO)cf1HR-c~0, t.;:::F;;, Syspacheilus dunoirensis vC"?v'"Cv'i, .:c-O)a~ft~'2t&~t..k, m ili € colored, medium crystalline limestone, Introduction containing an abundance of trilobite fragments, inarticulate brachiopods, and The purpose of the present study is a few intraformational pebbles. The ge­ to illustrate the ontor.;enetic development ologic positions of the materials belong of Syspacheilus dunoirensis (MILLER), to the Pilgrim formation, Cedaria zone, Nixonella montanensis LOCHMA!\', Balta­ Upper Cam brian. gnostus beltensis LOCHMAN, and the The ontogenetic metamorphosis of sexual dimorphism of Syspacheilus duno­ Syspacheilus dunoirensis is very similar irensis (MILLER). The ontogenetic de­ to those of Coosella convexa TASCH (Hu, velopment of the first two species is 1968b), Crepicephalus deadwoodensis Hu well known, but is incompletely known (1968a), and Tricrepicephalus blountensis for the last one. Both the ontogenetic RESSER (unpublished material); that of separation and the sexual determination J\''ixonella montanensis LOCHMAN is close of the trilobites are based on the sche­ to Kingstonia ara (WALCOTT) (Hu, 1968b), mes in the author's earlier works (Hu, Komaspidella laevis RASETTI (Hu, 1970); 1964, 1968a, 1970, etc.). and that of Baltagnostus beltensis LOCH­ The materials were collected from MAN to Kormagnostus simplex RESSER west-side, South-Boulder Creek, Madison (Hu, 1968a). All members within the County, Montana, and are light gray same group possibly have close phylo­ * Received Nov. 10,1970; read Jan. 23, 1972. genetic relationship, and belong to a ** Present adress : Earth Science Depart­ same genetic hierarchy. ment, Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Tai­ The author is deeply indebted to Dr. wan, Republic of China. K.E. CASTER, University of Cincinnati, for 245 246 Chung-Hung Hu his supervision, thanks also go to Dr. axial rings ; marginal border broad and Anne JoHNSON, Nanyang University, for flat. Outer skeletal surface granulated, reading over the present manuscript. and inner surface punctured ; a pair of The figured specimens are all stored in elongated pits on the anterior furrow, the Geology Museum, University of and irregular concentric ridges along Cincinnati, Ohio (U. C. M.). The financial pygidial margin. expenses of the present study were Remarks: LOCHMAN & HU (1961) re­ supported by Miss Nancy NUN Science ported that there are four distinct spe­ Research Foundation, Nanyang Univer­ cies within the present genus: they are sity. Syspacheilus typicalis RESSER, 1938, S. praecedens LOCHMAN & Hu, 1961, S. Systematic de3cription camurus LOCHMAN, 1940, and S. duno­ irensis (MILLER, 1936). The first two Family Crepicephaliidae KOBA Y ASH!, 1935 species have broader flat preglabellar fields and in the last two, they are Genus Syspacheilus RESSER, 1938 narrow and steeply slope downward. Syspacheilus dunoirensis (MILLER) Furthermore, S. dunoirensis and S. pra­ ecedens have slender glabella, whereas Pl. 29, figs. 1-34, and Text-fig. 3a-k. those of the other two are broader. The materials which I have studied could be Blountia dunoirensis MILLER, 1936, p. 27, pl. segregated into two different morpho­ 8, figs. 25, 26. logic groups. The first group conforms Syspacheilus dunoirensis (MILLER) : LocmiAN & DUNCAN, 1944, p. 131-132, pl. 11, figs. with " S. dunoirensis" and the second to 44, 45; pALMER, 1954, p. 734, pl. 78, fig. "S. praecedens ". These bimodal traits 9; DELAND & SHAW, 1957, p. 561, pl. 64, are here interpreted as the presence of Syspacheilus dunoirensis var. (MILLER) : sexual dimorphism within the same LocHMAN & Hu, 1961, p. 135, pl. 26, species population and are found in the . figs. 26, 37-39. same ecological habitats. The first group Syspacheilus accidens LocHMAN, 1950, p. 342, is presumably the female and the second pl. 50, figs. 25, 26. the male. If this postulation is accept­ Syspacheilus praecedens var. elongatus LocH­ able then the S. typicalis and S. camurus MAN & Hu, 1961, p. 136, pl. 27, figs. 19- 28, 30. are possibly another example of the Coosella vagrans LociiMAN & Hu, 1961, pl. different sexual representatives of the 26, figs. 49-54. same species. The early ontogenetic development of Diagnosis: Cranidium trapezoidal; the both sexes are indistinguishable: all anterior border broad, con vex; glabella immature forms have the same mor­ conical; preglabellar field medium wide; phologic characteristics, but in their late occipital ring crescentic, bearing a tiny stages the cranidium is gradually dif­ median tubercle. Fixigena less than ferentiated into two forms; one group one-half the width of glabella; posterior with slender glabella, flat preglabellar border same width as the occipital ring. field, and broader pygidial margin, and Librigena subtrapezoidal having a rather the other has broader glabellar, tilted small genal spine ; ocular platform the preglabellar field, and narrow pygidial same width as lateral border. Pygidium margin. broadly kidney shaped, convex with two Coosella vagrans LOCHMAN & Hu, 1961 591. Ontogeny of three Cedaria zone trilobites 247 a b c d h g f e k Text-fig. 1. Syspache£/us dunoirensis (MILLER). a, Anaprotaspis, x 50; b, Metaprotaspis, x 50; c, Paraprotaspis, x 32; d, Early meraspid cranidium, x 20; e, f, Two late meraspid cranidia, x 9, x 8; g, Librigena, x 5; h, k, A male pygidium and a cranidium, x '1, x 4; i, j, A female cranidium and a pygidium, x 6, x20. (all drawings were made from photographs.) ·has no distinct characters by which it Pl. 29, figs. 14, 21, 23, 25-29, 31 ·can be separated from S. dunoirensis and Text-fig. lh, k. except the "C. vagrans" has the crani­ Description: The cranidium is trape­ dium slightly flattened. This feature zoidal in outline, highly convex; glabella is possibly due to compaction of the conical, short and broad, and with round­ -deposits or to individual variation, but ed anterior margin; the preglabellar has no specific significance. field is of medium width, slopes down­ ward from the anterior glabellar, and inclined about 45 degrees; the anterior Syspacheilus dunoirensis (MILLER), furrow is deep and broad, possessing a "male" pair of elongate pits laterally; the 248 Chung-Hung Hu anterior border is narrow crescentic, with one or two shallow pleural furrows;: convex, arching forwardly; the occipital the broad margin is delimited by the­ ring is convex both vertically and post­ shallow inner marginal furrow, and with eriorly, bearing a small median node; shallow posterior embedding. the broad and deeply impressed occipital The exoskeleton of the animal is cov­ furrow curves forward on the axial line ered by medium-sized granules, parallel. (sag.), and deepens both posteriorly and ridges marked along the outer margin laterally with a pair of elongate pits. of the anterior border, faint and radial The fixigena is narrow, about one-half ridges on the preglabellar field, and a. the width of the glabella, medium width, longitudinal ridge is marked along the convex ; the medium sized palpebral lobe central cranidial axis. is sickle-shape, situated on the mid-line Figured specimens: Male form: Crani­ of the glabella (tr.), and well delimited dia, U. C. M. 40279m, v, x, c' ; Librigenae,.. by palpebral furrow; the palpebral lobe U. C. M. 40279 n, s; Pygidia, U. C. M- is indistinct, which extends to the 40279t, y, z, a'. antero-lateral margin of the glabella from the anterior palpebral lobe, and Syspacheilus dunoirensis (MILLER), arches forward; the facial suture is opisthoparian, its anterior branch is "female" ·slightly divergent and convex, and the Pl. 29, figs. 16-19, 22, 24, 30, 33, 34, posterior one divergent-straight, and and Text-fig. 1 i, j. convex. The subtrapezoidal librigena is con­ Comparison: The female form differs.
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