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Dokument 1.Pdf Funktionale Dynamik von Technologischen Innovationssystemen im Bereich der Erneuerbaren Energietechnologien: Das Beispiel der weltweiten Durchsetzung von batteriebetriebenen Fahrzeugen und Plug-in-Hybridfahrzeugen Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Wirtschaftswissenschaften (Dr. oec.) vorgelegt an der Fakultät Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften Institut für Marketing & Management (570) Fachgebiet: Betriebswirtschaftslehre, insb. Internationales Management (570F) Leitung: Prof. Dr. Alexander Gerybadze von Andreas Sauer Dekan der Fakultät für Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften: Prof. Dr. Karsten Hadwich Fachgebiet: Betriebswirtschaftslehre, insb. Dienstleistungsmanagement und Dienstleistungsmärkte (570D) Berichterstatter: Prof. Dr. Alexander Gerybadze (Erstgutachter) Fachgebiet: Betriebswirtschaftslehre, insb. Internationales Management (570F) Prof. Dr. Rüdiger Hahn (Zweitgutachter) Fachgebiet: Betriebswirtschaftslehre, insb. Nachhaltigkeitsmanagement (570G) Datum der mündlichen Prüfung / Abschluss des Promotionsverfahrens: Montag, den 9. April 2018 Vorsitzender der Prüfungskommission: Prof. Dr. Andreas Pyka Institut für Volkswirtschaftslehre (520) Fachgebiet: Volkswirtschaftslehre, insb. Innovationsökonomik (520I) In den Jahren der Erstellung der vorliegenden Doktorarbeit war der Autor am Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung ISI Breslauer Straße 48 76139 Karlsruhe als Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter im Competence Center Neue Technologien angestellt. Die dieser wissenschaftlichen Arbeit maßgeblich zugrunde liegenden Vorhaben Roadmapping-Prozess in Begleitung der Partner der Innovationsallianz „Lithium Ionen Batterie LIB 2015“ (LIB 2015-Roadmapping) und Begleitforschungsprojekt „Energiespeicher-Monitoring für die Elektromobilität (EMOTOR)“ im Rahmen der Förderbekanntmachung „Schlüsseltechnologien für die Elektromobilität (STROM)“ wurden mit Mitteln des Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) unter den Förderkennzeichen 03X4611 (LIB 2015-Roadmapping) und 03X4616A (EMOTOR) gefördert. Darüber hinaus war der Autor Teilnehmer an der Phd School einer der durch das European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT) ausgezeichneten Knowledge Innova- tion Communities (KIC) mit dem Namen „InnoEnergy“ im Track „Energy from Chemical Fuels“. Die Verantwortung für den Inhalt der vorliegenden Doktorarbeit liegt beim Autor. Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis Executive Summary .................................................................................................... 1 1 Einführung in das Dissertationsvorhaben .......................................................... 4 1.1 Motivation, Forschungsfragen und Zielsetzung .................................... 4 1.2 Aufbau der Dissertation ...................................................................... 13 2 Technologische Innovationssysteme in den Erneuerbaren Energietechnologien .......................................................................................... 15 2.1 Einführung I: Innovation – System – Innovationssystem ..................... 15 2.1.1 Was ist eine Innovation? .................................................................... 15 2.1.2 Was ist ein System? ........................................................................... 17 2.1.3 Ergänzende Anmerkungen zu Innovationssystemen .......................... 19 2.2 Einführung II: Verschiedene Typen von Innovationssystemen ............ 20 2.2.1 Nationale Innovationssysteme ............................................................ 22 2.2.2 Regionale Innovationssysteme ........................................................... 27 2.2.3 Sektorale Innovationssysteme ............................................................ 30 2.3 Einführung III: Technologische Innovationssysteme ........................... 34 2.3.1 Theoretische Grundlagen von TIS ...................................................... 36 2.3.2 Funktionale Analyse von TIS .............................................................. 39 2.3.3 Das Phasenmodell zur Entwicklung von TIS ...................................... 43 2.3.4 Relevante Fallstudien ......................................................................... 46 3 Elektrochemische Energiespeichertechnologien für die Elektromobilität ..... 54 3.1 Einführung I: Roadmapping bis zum Jahr 2030 .................................. 54 3.1.1 Begleitvorhaben „LIB 2015-Roadmapping“ ......................................... 55 3.1.2 Technologie-Roadmap ESEM 2030 ................................................... 58 3.1.3 Produkt-Roadmap ESEM 2030 .......................................................... 62 3.1.4 Gesamt-Roadmap ESEM 2030 .......................................................... 67 3.2 Allgemeine Einführung: Energiespeichertechnologien ........................ 72 I Inhaltsverzeichnis 3.2.1 Grundlegende Energiespeicher-Kategorisierung ................................ 72 3.2.2 Funktionsweise elektrochemischer Energiespeicher .......................... 73 3.3 Elektrochemische Energiespeichertechnologien für die Elektromobilität ................................................................................... 75 3.3.1 Fahrzeugkonzepte der Elektromobilität .............................................. 75 3.3.2 Politische Rahmenbedingungen ......................................................... 77 3.3.3 Marktanforderungen an die zentralen Leistungsparameter ................. 82 3.3.4 Aktueller Stand von FuE ..................................................................... 85 4 Das Technologische Innovationssystem rund um die Energiespeicher für die Elektromobilität ............................................................................................ 99 4.1 Vorgehensmodell innerhalb der vorliegenden Dissertation ................. 99 4.2 Schritt 1: Definition des TIS im Fokus ............................................... 100 4.3 Identifikation der maßgeblichen strukturellen Komponenten ............. 107 4.3.1 Akteure #1: Energiespeicher-Industrie/Batteriezellhersteller ............. 107 4.3.2 Akteure #2: Automobilindustrie/Elektrofahrzeughersteller ................. 111 5 Die Funktionale Dynamik des TIS rund um die Energiespeicher für die Elektromobilität ................................................................................................ 140 5.1 Schritt 2: Festlegung des funktionalen Musters im TIS ..................... 140 5.1.1 Einfluss auf die Suchrichtung ........................................................... 142 5.1.2 Wissensentwicklung ......................................................................... 168 5.1.3 Unternehmerisches Experimentieren ................................................ 176 5.1.4 Wissensverbreitung/Entwicklung positiver externer Effekte .............. 183 5.1.5 Legitimität ......................................................................................... 193 5.1.6 Ressourcenmobilisierung ................................................................. 198 5.1.7 Marktentstehung............................................................................... 202 6 Die Schlüsselfaktoren der Entwicklung des TIS rund um die Energiespeicher für die Elektromobilität ........................................................ 208 6.1 Schritt 3: Beurteilung der Funktionalität (a) und Festlegung von Prozesszielen (b) .............................................................................. 208 6.2 Fördernde und hemmende Schlüsselfaktoren .................................. 215 6.3 Politische Schlüsselfragen ................................................................ 219 II Inhaltsverzeichnis 7 Zusammenfassung und Diskussion ................................................................ 226 7.1 Zusammenfassung ........................................................................... 226 7.2 Diskussion ........................................................................................ 230 Anhang I ................................................................................................................... 235 Anhang II .................................................................................................................. 237 Quellenverzeichnis .................................................................................................. 240 Abbildungsverzeichnis ........................................................................................... 282 Tabellenverzeichnis ................................................................................................ 287 Abkürzungsverzeichnis .......................................................................................... 289 Eidesstattliche Versicherung ................................................................................. 290 Danksagung ............................................................................................................. 292 III Executive Summary Executive Summary Die Elektromobilität erhielt einen neuen Aufschwung, als die Menschheit mit der jüngsten Jahr- tausendwende realisierte, dass der fortschreitende Klimawandel u. a. auf das Treibhausgas Kohlenstoffdioxid (CO2) zurückzuführen ist, welches auch durch den Verkehr weltweit emittiert wird. Innerhalb des Verkehrssektors nahmen insbesondere die CO2-Emissionen durch die Mobilität auf der Straße zu, weshalb der Fokus auf Elektrofahrzeuge und dabei vor allem auf Plug-in-Hybridfahrzeuge (engl. „plug-in hybrid electric vehicles“, Abkürzung PHEV) und
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