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Hebi Sani: Mental Well Being Among the Working Class Afro-Surinamese in Paramaribo, Suriname

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Hebi Sani: Mental Well Being Among the Working Class Afro-Surinamese in Paramaribo, Suriname University of Kentucky UKnowledge University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2007 HEBI SANI: MENTAL WELL BEING AMONG THE WORKING CLASS AFRO-SURINAMESE IN PARAMARIBO, SURINAME Aminata Cairo University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Cairo, Aminata, "HEBI SANI: MENTAL WELL BEING AMONG THE WORKING CLASS AFRO-SURINAMESE IN PARAMARIBO, SURINAME" (2007). University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations. 490. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/490 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION Aminata Cairo The Graduate School University of Kentucky 2007 HEBI SANI: MENTAL WELL BEING AMONG THE WORKING CLASS AFRO-SURINAMESE IN PARAMARIBO, SURINAME ____________________________________ ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION ____________________________________ A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Kentucky By Aminata Cairo Lexington, Kentucky Director: Dr. Deborah L. Crooks, Professor of Anthropology Lexington, Kentucky 2007 Copyright © Aminata Cairo 2007 ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION HEBI SANI: MENTAL WELL BEING AMONG THE WORKING CLASS AFRO-SURINAMESE IN PARAMARIBO, SURINAME This dissertation describes the results of a two year anthropological investigation into the concept of mental well being among the working class Afro-Surinamese population in Paramaribo, Suriname. More specifically, the research investigated how working class Afro-Surinamese in Paramaribo, Suriname define and maintain their sense of mental well-being, given their unique ethnic identity within a multi-ethnic and multi- cultural society, and given that their environment is heavily compromised by negative globalizing forces Over the course of two years a total of 62 people contributed information through group and individual interviews, which was supplemented by information obtained through participant observation. Findings show a highly complex system of mental well being that consists of a number of interlocking and interdependent factors, which, when kept in a harmonious relationship with each other, are presumed to bring mental well being. There are unique Afro-Surinamese measures available for strengthening mental well being based in rich and historical cultural traditions that are currently under-utilized, but have the potential to be revived and introduced for the benefit of people’s mental well being. Suriname was selected as a Caribbean country that struggles in a marginalized political and economic position in regards to the rest of the Caribbean, and in relation to the world powers. Suriname is also a Dutch Caribbean country about which little academic information has been published. This research aimed to bring forth a story of a globally marginalized people, and particularly of a population of African descent. It aimed to bring attention to the concept of mental well being among African Diaspora people, and to use the story of a small population as a starting point to connect with and look at other populations, Diaspora based or otherwise. Theoretical viewpoints of African Diaspora, Globalization, and a combination of Black Feminist/Third World Feminist/Caribbean Feminist theories were used to guide and shape this research. Lastly, an attempt was made to introduce the concept of Spirituality as a new and complementary aspect of ethnographic methodology. KEYWORDS: Mental Well Being, Afro-Surinamese, Globalization, African Diaspora, Marginalization ____Aminata Cairo________ ____May 23 , 2007________ HEBI SANI: MENTAL WELL BEING AMONG THE WORKING CLASS AFRO-SURINAMESE, IN PARAMARIBO, SURINAME By Aminata Cairo _____Dr. Deborah L. Crooks______ Director of Dissertation _____Dr. Lisa Cliggett___________ Director of Graduate Studies _____May 23, 2007_____________ Date RULES FOR THE USE OF DISSERTATIONS Unpublished dissertations submitted for the Doctor’s degree and deposited in the University of Kentucky Library are as a rule open for inspection, but are to be used only with due regard to the rights of the authors. Bibliographical references may be noted, but quotations or summaries of parts may be published only with the permission of the author, and with the usual scholarly acknowledgments. Extensive copying or publication of the thesis in whole or in part also requires the consent of the Dean of the Graduate School of the University of Kentucky. A library that borrows this thesis for use by its patrons is expected to secure the signature of each user. Name Date ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ DISSERTATION Aminata Cairo The Graduate School University of Kentucky 2007 HEBI SANI: MENTAL WELL BEING AMONG THE WORKING CLASS AFRO-SURINAMESE IN PARAMARIBO, SURINAME ________________________________ DISSERTATION ________________________________ A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Kentucky By Aminata Cairo Lexington, Kentucky Director: Dr. Deborah L. Crooks, Professor of Anthropology Lexington, Kentucky 2007 Copyright © Aminata Cairo 2007 This work is dedicated to Sanaa, Nasim, Essien, and Samir; the next generation. May they stand proud in their heritage. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I first and foremost give thanks to the Creator and my ancestors for guiding me to this place and time. I next would like to honor the Afro-Surinamese people both in Suriname and the Netherlands, who graciously gave of their time to make this work a reality. This work is about you and for you: May we continue to speak for ourselves. I give thanks to my family on both sides of the ocean in the Netherlands and Suriname, who never waiver in their undying support. My big brothers and sisters: Nata'aska Hasan Hummingbird, Frank Walker, Vivian Lacey, Terah Israel, Abiodun Oyewole, Zambia and Nardie Nkrumah-White: Thank you for watching over my head and Spirit. A special thank you to my committee members and outside reader: Doctor Deb Crooks, Doctor Rosalynd Harris, Doctor Lisa Cliggett, Doctor Mary Anglin, and Doctor David Royse. Thank you for guidance and keeping me focused. An extra special thank you to Deb Crooks for her wisdom, guidance, patience, and mentorship. I could not have done this without her. To my “Sisters and BFF’s” Jennifer Baarn and Judith Roosblad, who were and are always there to keep me grounded and sane on a sometimes insane journey. A special thank you to Hillary de Bruin, Elfriede Baarn, Wilgo Baarn, Humbert Oosterwolde, and Mariska Vlieggans, whose guidance and stories were fundamental in creating this work. Last and not least I would like to give thanks to my oldest son Samir Barrett for his support in holding down the fort and assistance in care taking of his little brothers, while his mother was on her journey. I could not have done this without him. Gran Tangi iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements……………………………………………………...………………. iii List of Figures……………………………………………………………………...…….vii Chapter 1: Fosi Sabi: Intro…………………………………………………….….…. 1 Chapter 2: Buku Sabi nanga Denki Fasi: Literature Review and Theory…….……. 11 2.1 Mental Well Being…………………………………………….…………13 African Mental Well Being African American Mental Well Being Caribbean and Surinamese Mental Well Being 2.2 Globalization……………………………………………….…………… 28 Globalization and Mental Well Being Globalization in Anthropological Research 2.3 African Diaspora…………………………………………….………….. 33 Mental Well Being Identity Caribbean Lived Experience Window to Other Diasporas 2.4 Black Feminist Theory………………………………….……………..... 41 Black Feminist Theory…………………………………...………41 Third World and Caribbean Feminist Theory……………...…….47 Spirituality………………………………………………………. 53 2.5 Conclusion……………………………………………………………… 56 Chapter 3: Wrokope: Field Site…………………………………………………….. 59 Sranan…………………………………………………………… 59 Suriname and the Dutch………………………………………… 62 Suriname and the Caribbean……………………………………. .67 Working Class Afro-Surinamese………………………………... 73 Paramaribo – 2005………………………….…………………… 84 Mental Health in Paramaribo……………………………………. 89 Chapter 4: Wroko Fasi: Methodology……………………………………………… 91 Research Design …………………………………………………93 Research Techniques ...…………………………………………. 94 Recruitment of Participants………………………………………96 Confounding Circumstances……………………………………..98 Pre-research Phase…………...………………………………… 101 Information Gathering………………….……………………… 104 Interviewing and Data Collection…………………….….…….
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