DOCSLIB.ORG

Conifers of the Pacific Slope

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Conifers of the Pacific Slope Conifers of the Pacic Slope California, Oregon, and Washington Michael Edward Kaumann In association with: California Native Plant Society, North Coast Chapter Redwood Science Project, Humboldt State University Olympic National Park Order this book online at www.backcountrypress.com or visit the interactive website at www.pacslope-conifers.com © Copyright 2013 Michael Edward Kauffmann First Edition Text pages printed on 100% recycled, 100% post-consumer waste in the United States of America. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be repro- duced, stored in retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, elec- tronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without written permis- sion from the author. All photos, text, and maps by author, except where noted Book layout by author, cover design with help from Allison Poklemba Cover background image: Siskiyou Wilderness Front cover (left to right): western hemlock - foxtail pines - Jeffrey pine cone Back cover: Brewer spruce cone in the Marble Mountain Wilderness Published by Backcountry Press | Kneeland, California ISBN 978-0-939431-40-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2013901839 Printing by www.angelprint.com | Oceanside, California For John O. Sawyer “Don’t talk to me about other worlds, separate realities, lost continents, or invisible realms-I know where I belong. Heaven is home. Utopia is here. Nirvana is now.” -Edward Abbey Table of Contents West of the Great Divide 8 Foreward: The birth of a love for conifers 11 The Pacific Slope 12 Global distribution and diversity of conifers 17 Key to Pacific Slope conifers Section 1: CUPRESSACEAE Cypresses • Southwest cypresses Cupressus montana - San Pedro Martir cypress 26 Cupressus nevadensis - Piute cypress Cupressus revealiana - Rincon cypress 27 map p. 29 Cupressus stephensonii - Cuyamaca cypress Cupressus guadalupensis - Guadalupe cypress 28 Cupressus forbesii - Tecate cypress • California coastal cypresses 30 Cupressus abramsiana - Santa Cruz cypress map p. 30 31 Cupressus goveniana - Gowen cypress map p. 31 32 Cupressus macrocarpa - Monterey cypress map p. 32 33 Cupressus pigmaea - Mendocino cypress map p. 33 • Northern California interior cypresses 34 Cupressus bakeri - Baker cypress 35 Cupressus macnabiana - McNab cypress map p. 37 36 Cupressus sargentii - Sargent cypress The “Cedars” 38 Callitropsis nootkatensis - yellow-cedar map p. 39 40 Calocedrus decurrens - incense-cedar map p. 41 42 Chamaecyparis lawsoniana - Port Orford-cedar map p. 43 44 Thuja plicata - western redcedar map p. 45 Redwood and Sequoia 46 Sequoia sempervirens - redwood map p. 47 48 Sequoiadendron giganteum - giant sequoia map p. 49 Junipers 50 Juniperus californica - California juniper map p. 51 52 Juniperus communis - common juniper map p. 53 54 Juniperus grandis - Sierra juniper 55 Juniperus occidentalis - western juniper map p. 57 56 Juniperus osteosperma - Utah juniper Juniperus maritima - seaside juniper 58 map p. 59 Juniperus scopulorum - Rocky Mountain juniper Section 2: PINACEAE Tr ue Fir s 62 Abies amabilis - Pacific silver fir map p. 63 64 Abies bracteata - bristlecone fir map p. 65 66 Abies concolor var. concolor - Rocky Mountain white fir 67 Abies concolor var. lowiana - California white fir map p. 69 68 Abies grandis - grand fir 70 Abies lasiocarpa - subalpine fir map p. 71 72 Abies magnifica - red fir 73 Abies procera - noble fir map p. 75 74 Abies x shastensis - Shasta fir Larches 76 Larix lyallii - subalpine larch map p. 77 78 Larix occidentalis - western larch map p. 79 Spruces 80 Picea breweriana - Brewer spruce map p. 81 82 Picea engelmannii - Engelmann spruce map p. 83 84 Picea sitchensis - Sitka spruce map p. 85 Pines • Pinyon pines 86 Pinus edulis - Colorado pinyon pine 87 Pinus monophylla - singleleaf pinyon pine map p. 89 88 Pinus quadrifolia - Parry pine • Pines of the section Balfourianae 90 Pinus balfouriana ssp. balfouriana - northern foxtail pine 91 Pinus balfouriana ssp. austrina - southern foxtail pine map p. 93 92 Pinus longaeva - bristlecone pine • Strobus-like pines 94 Pinus albicaulis - whitebark pine map p. 95 96 Pinus flexilis - limber pine map p. 97 98 Pinus lambertiana - sugar pine map p. 99 100 Pinus monticola - western white pine map p. 101 • Ponderosa-like pines 102 Pinus coulteri - Coulter pine map p. 103 104 Pinus jeffreyi - Jeffrey pine map p. 105 106 Pinus ponderosa - ponderosa pine map p. 107 108 Pinus sabiniana - ghost pine map p. 109 110 Pinus torreyana - Torrey pine map p. 110 • Closed-cone pines 111 Pinus radiata - Monterey pine map p. 111 112 Pinus attenuata - knobcone pine map p. 113 114 Pinus muricata - bishop pine map p. 115 • Lodgepole pines 116 Pinus contorta ssp. contorta - shore pine 117 Pinus contorta ssp. latifolia - Sierra lodgepole pine map p. 119 118 Pinus contorta ssp. murrayana - lodgepole pine Douglas-firs 120 Pseudotsuga macrocarpa - bigcone Douglas-fir map p. 121 122 Pseudotsuga menziesii - Douglas-fir map p. 123 Hemlocks 124 Tsuga heterophylla - western hemlock map p. 125 126 Tsuga mertensiana - mountain hemlock map p. 127 Section 3: TAXACEAE 130 Taxus brevifolia - Pacific yew map p. 131 132 Torreya californica - California nutmeg map p. 133 Tying a Bow around It 134 Glossary 136 Bibliography 137 Coniferous destinations along the Pacific Slope 142 Conifers and climate change 144 About the author Special Thanks: To my friend and mentor John O. Sawyer, who provided inspiration for this book since its earliest stages. John passed away in the summer of 2012, but his contributions to native plants and beyond will last forever. My sweet wife Allison Poklemba has provided much of the love for feeding my passion for plants. Corey Lewis, David Rains Wallace, and David Fix worked with me extensively on the narrative. David Charlet, Stephen Arno, Christopher Earle, and Jeff Bisbee were exceptionally helpful with reviewing range maps and treatments. Denise Newman did one heck of a job copy editing. This book would not have achieved these finishing notes without the folks mentioned, and many others. While the successes of the book are due to all reviewers listed below, any shortcomings are solely attributable to the author. Content was thoroughly reviewed as well, but understandings change and new ideas arise. Inevitably, there will be issues to address in the next edition. Contributing reviewers, in alphabetical order: All photos by author, unless Stephen Arno otherwise noted. Jeff Bisbee David Charlet Contributing Photographers: Christopher Earle Brandon Andre (3) David Fix Jeff Bisbee (23) Sue Leskiw Jeffrey Kane (5) Corey Lewis Joey Malone (2) Denise Newman Allison Poklemba (2) John O. Sawyer David Rains Wallace.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 1151CIRC.Pdf
    CIRCULAR 153 MAY 1967 OBSERVATIONS on SPECIES of CYPRESS INDIGENOUS to the UNITED STATES Agricultural Experiment Station AUBURN UNIVERSIT Y E. V. Smith, Director Auburn, Alabama CONTENTS Page SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF CUPRESSUS STUDIED 4 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION-- 4 CONE COLLECTION 5 Cupressus arizonica var. arizonica (Arizona Cypress) 7 Cupressus arizonica var. glabra (Smooth Arizona Cypress) 11 Cupressus guadalupensis (Tecate Cypress) 11 Cupressus arizonicavar. stephensonii (Cuyamaca Cypress) 11 Cupressus sargentii (Sargent Cypress) 12 Cupressus macrocarpa (Monterey Cypress) 12 Cupressus goveniana (Gowen Cypress) 12 Cupressus goveniana (Santa Cruz Cypress) 12 Cupressus goveniana var. pygmaca (Mendocino Cypress) 12 Cupressus bakeri (Siskiyou Cypress) 13 Cupressus bakeri (Modoc Cypress) 13 Cupressus macnabiana (McNab Cypress) 13 Cupressus arizonica var. nevadensis (Piute Cypress) 13 GENERAL COMMENTS ON GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION ---------- 13 COMMENTS ON STUDYING CYPRESSES 19 FIRST PRINTING 3M, MAY 1967 OBSERVATIONS on SPECIES of CYPRESS INDIGENOUS to the UNITED STATES CLAYTON E. POSEY* and JAMES F. GOGGANS Department of Forestry THERE HAS BEEN considerable interest in growing Cupressus (cypress) in the Southeast for several years. The Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University, was the first institution in the Southeast to initiate work on the cy- presses in 1937, and since that time many states have introduced Cupressus in hope of finding a species suitable for Christmas tree production. In most cases seed for trial plantings were obtained from commercial dealers without reference to seed source or form of parent tree. Many plantings yielded a high proportion of columnar-shaped trees not suitable for the Christmas tree market. It is probable that seed used in Alabama and other Southeastern States came from only a few trees of a given geo- graphic source.
    [Show full text]
  • Vol 29 #2.Final
    Cypress forest on Guadalupe Island showing signs of goat herbivory. The islets Toro and Zapato are in the far distance. All photographs courtesy of Island Conservation unless otherwise noted. THE RESTORATION OF GUADALUPE ISLAND by Bradford Keitt, Steve Junak, Luciana Luna Mendoza, and Alfonso Aguirre “Guadalupe is remarkable for ende- ing an extensive lichen flora and ing across the island in our own mism in the flora and fauna; but it is a important remnants of unique cloud of dust and exhaust, we’ve naturalist’s paradise despoiled by feral coastal scrub and island chaparral also wondered what lures us back goats, housecats, and mice. [The island] communities. year after year. Yet, just as the bar- is a Mexican national treasure in dire Guadalupe stirs a love-hate re- ren beauty of Guadalupe and the need of protection” (Moran 1996). lationship in those that have come excitement of finding rare and ex- to know its sere, rugged landscape. otic plants seduced Dr. Moran, we uadalupe Island rises like a Botanist Reid Moran, whose 40 too are captivated by the island’s Grampart from the wind- years of work on Guadalupe brought ecosystem. For that reason, we have whipped sea off the Pacific attention to its unique flora, called committed ourselves to protecting coast of the Baja California Penin- it his “very favorite island,” but he and restoring the remaining pock- sula. As the westernmost territory mused that “at too close a range it ets of its unique flora and fauna in Mexico, the 26,000 hectare is- has sometimes seemed a hot, ugly, with the hope that the island can land is a lonely outpost for a small weedy, insuperable rock pile that I eventually recover some of its origi- military garrison and a community have almost wondered, at least fleet- nal biodiversity.
    [Show full text]
  • Genome-Wide RAD Sequencing Resolves the Evolutionary History of Serrate Leaf Juniperus and Reveals Discordance with Chloroplast Phylogeny
    University of Texas Rio Grande Valley ScholarWorks @ UTRGV Health and Biomedical Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations College of Health Professions 11-17-2020 Genome-wide RAD sequencing resolves the evolutionary history of serrate leaf Juniperus and reveals discordance with chloroplast phylogeny Kathryn A. Uckele Robert P. Adams Baylor University Andrea E. Schwarzbach The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley Thomas L. Parchman Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/hbs_fac Recommended Citation Uckele, K.A., Adams, R.P., Schwarzbach, A.E., Parchman, T.L., Genome-wide RAD sequencing resolves the evolutionary history of serrate leaf Juniperus and reveals discordance with chloroplast phylogeny, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution (2020), doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2020.107022 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Health Professions at ScholarWorks @ UTRGV. It has been accepted for inclusion in Health and Biomedical Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ UTRGV. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. 1 Title: Genome-wide RAD sequencing resolves the evolutionary history of serrate leaf 2 Juniperus and reveals discordance with chloroplast phylogeny 3 4 Authors: Kathryn A. Uckele,a,* Robert P. Adams,b Andrea E. Schwarzbach,c and Thomas L. 5 Parchmana 6 7 a Department of Biology, MS 314, University of Nevada, Reno, Max Fleischmann Agriculture 8 Building, 1664 N Virginia St., Reno, NV 89557, USA 9 b Baylor University, Utah Lab, 201 N 5500 W, Hurricane, UT 84790, USA 10 c Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas - Rio Grande Valley, 1 11 W University Drive, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA 12 13 E-mail address: [email protected] (K.
    [Show full text]
  • Chromosome Numbers in Gymnosperms - an Update
    Rastogi and Ohri . Silvae Genetica (2020) 69, 13 - 19 13 Chromosome Numbers in Gymnosperms - An Update Shubhi Rastogi and Deepak Ohri Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Research Cell, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Malhaur (Near Railway Station), P.O. Chinhat, Luc know-226028 (U.P.) * Corresponding author: Deepak Ohri, E mail: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract still some controversy with regard to a monophyletic or para- phyletic origin of the gymnosperms (Hill 2005). Recently they The present report is based on a cytological data base on 614 have been classified into four subclasses Cycadidae, Ginkgoi- (56.0 %) of the total 1104 recognized species and 82 (90.0 %) of dae, Gnetidae and Pinidae under the class Equisetopsida the 88 recognized genera of gymnosperms. Family Cycada- (Chase and Reveal 2009) comprising 12 families and 83 genera ceae and many genera of Zamiaceae show intrageneric unifor- (Christenhusz et al. 2011) and 88 genera with 1104 recognized mity of somatic numbers, the genus Zamia is represented by a species according to the Plant List (www.theplantlist.org). The range of number from 2n=16-28. Ginkgo, Welwitschia and Gen- validity of accepted name of each taxa and the total number of tum show 2n=24, 2n=42, and 2n=44 respectively. Ephedra species in each genus has been checked from the Plant List shows a range of polyploidy from 2x-8x based on n=7. The (www.theplantlist.org). The chromosome numbers of 688 taxa family Pinaceae as a whole shows 2n=24except for Pseudolarix arranged according to the recent classification (Christenhusz and Pseudotsuga with 2n=44 and 2n=26 respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Instituto Politcnico Nacional
    INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL CENTRO INTERDISCIPLINARIO DE INVESTIGACIÓN PARA EL DESARROLLO INTEGRAL REGIONAL UNIDAD DURANGO ANÁLISIS TAXONÓMICO Y DISTRIBUCIÓN DE LA FAMILIA CUPRESSACEAE EN EL ESTADO DE DURANGO T E S I S QUE PARA OBTENER EL GRADO DE MAESTRO EN CIENCIAS P R E S E N T A : SILVIA GUADALUPE BENDÍMEZ SALINAS CODIRECTORAS : DRA. MA. DEL SOCORRO GONZÁLEZ ELIZONDO DRA. MARTHA GONZÁLEZ ELIZONDO Victoria de Durango, Dgo., Diciembre de 2007 Este trabajo se llevó a cabo en el Laboratorio de Botánica y el Herbario CIIDIR, del CIIDIR - IPN Unidad Durango, bajo la dirección conjunta de la Dra. María del Socorro González Elizondo y la Dra. Martha González Elizondo. La investigación se desarrolló con financiamiento parcial de la SIP del Instituto Politécnico Nacional a través del proyecto Sistemática del compejo Cupressus lusitanica-lindleyi-benthamii (Cupressaceae) (Clave 20070481). De repente, a la callada, suspira de aroma el cedro. Alfonso Reyes AGRADECIMIENTOS Agradezco a la Dra. Ma. del Socorro González Elizondo y a la Dra. Martha González Elizondo por la dirección del trabajo, por compartir sus amplios conocimientos y gran experiencia, por el tiempo invertido y su amistad. A la Dra. Yolanda Herrera Arrieta, M.C. Irma Lorena López Enriquez, Dr. Marco A. Márquez Linares y Dr. Jeffrey R. Bacon por la revisión del trabajo, sus comentarios y valiosas aportaciones. Al M.C. Jorge A. Tena Flores por su apoyo en las primeras fases del análisis de datos y en la edición de figuras. A la T.L. Marta Laura Ruiz Rentería y Sr. Marcos Pinedo Reyes, personal del Herbario CIIDIR, por facilitar el trabajo de gabinete y de campo.
    [Show full text]
  • Plants of Witcher Meadow Area, Inyo National Forest California Native Plant Society Bristlecone Chapter
    Plants of Witcher Meadow Area, Inyo National Forest California Native Plant Society Bristlecone Chapter PTERIDOPHYTES (Ferns and Allies) EQUISETACEAE - Horsetail Family Equisetum arvense Common horsetail E. laevigatum Smooth scouring rush GYMNOSPERMS (Coniferous Plants) CUPRESSACEAE - Cypress Family Juniperus grandis (J. occidentalis v. australis) Mountain juniper EPHEDRACEAE - Ephedra family Ephedra viridis Green ephedra PINACEAE - Pine Family Pinus jeffreyi Jeffrey pine P. monophylla Single-leaf pinyon pine ANGIOSPERMS (Flowering Plants) APIACEAE - Carrot Family Cymopterus aborginum White cymopteris APOCYNACEAE - Dogbane Family Apocynum cannabinum Indian hemp ASTERACEAE - Sunflower family Achillea millefolium Yarrow Agoseris glauca Mountain dandelion Antennaria rosea Pussy toes Arnica mollis Cordilleran arnica Artemisia douglasiana Mugwort A. dracunculus Tarragon/Lemon sage A. ludoviciana Silver wormwood A. tridentata v. tridentata Great basin sage Balsamorhiza sagittata Balsamroot Chrysothamnus nauseosus Rubber rabbitbrush C. viscidiflorus Yellow or Wavy-leaf rabbitbrush Crepis intermedia Hawksbeard Erigeron sp. Fleabane Hulsea heterochroma Red-rayed hulsea Layia glandulosa ssp. glandulosa Tidytips Madia elegans ssp. wheeleri Common madia Tetrademia canescens Soft-leaved horsebrush Tragopogon dubius Goat's beard (WEED) Wyethia mollis Mule ears 1 BETULACEAE - Birch Family Betula occidentalis Western water birch BORAGINACEAE - Borage Family Cryptantha circumscissa v. circumscissa Capped cryptantha C. pterocarya C. utahensis Fragrant
    [Show full text]
  • A Self--Guided Tour
    SONOMA STATE UNIVERSITY A SELF--GUIDED TOUR School of Social Sciences SONOMA- Department of Environmental Studies and Planning STATE UNIVERSITY . A self-guided tour Written by: Kenneth M. Stocking Professor ·Emeritus, Environmental Studies and Planning Robert J. Sherman, Professor of Biology Karen Tillinghast, Lead Gardener, Landscape Services 1st Revision, 1997, by Brian King and Karen Tillinghast 2nd Revision, 2006, by Katherine Musick and Karen Tillinghast ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS Our appreciation and thanks to the students, staff, and faculty from Environmental Studies and Planning and Biology who have contributed in many ways toward the development of the garden. Introduction ....................................................... iv Concept of the Garden . ...................... iv Special thanks to the following: Layout of the Garden. v John Bond, Director of Plant Operations, Retired A. Oak Woodland. 1 William Mabry, Director of Plant Operations, Retired B. Yellow Pine Forest ............. ................................. 4 George Smith, Superintendent of Grounds, Retired C. Douglas-Fir Forest .................... ...... ..................... 7 Sam Youney, Superintendent of Grounds D. Mixed Evergreen. 8 E. Grassland ...................................................... 10 Organizations that have contributed time, effort, and plant specimens include: F. Chaparral . 12 California Flora Nursery G. Redwood Forest ................................................ 15 California Native Plant Society, Milo Baker Chapter H.
    [Show full text]
  • Guidelines for Determining Significance and Report Format and Content Requirements
    COUNTY OF SAN DIEGO GUIDELINES FOR DETERMINING SIGNIFICANCE AND REPORT FORMAT AND CONTENT REQUIREMENTS BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES LAND USE AND ENVIRONMENT GROUP Department of Planning and Land Use Department of Public Works Fourth Revision September 15, 2010 APPROVAL I hereby certify that these Guidelines for Determining Significance for Biological Resources, Report Format and Content Requirements for Biological Resources, and Report Format and Content Requirements for Resource Management Plans are a part of the County of San Diego, Land Use and Environment Group's Guidelines for Determining Significance and Technical Report Format and Content Requirements and were considered by the Director of Planning and Land Use, in coordination with the Director of Public Works on September 15, 2O1O. ERIC GIBSON Director of Planning and Land Use SNYDER I hereby certify that these Guidelines for Determining Significance for Biological Resources, Report Format and Content Requirements for Biological Resources, and Report Format and Content Requirements for Resource Management Plans are a part of the County of San Diego, Land Use and Environment Group's Guidelines for Determining Significance and Technical Report Format and Content Requirements and have hereby been approved by the Deputy Chief Administrative Officer (DCAO) of the Land Use and Environment Group on the fifteenth day of September, 2010. The Director of Planning and Land Use is authorized to approve revisions to these Guidelines for Determining Significance for Biological Resources and Report Format and Content Requirements for Biological Resources and Resource Management Plans except any revisions to the Guidelines for Determining Significance presented in Section 4.0 must be approved by the Deputy CAO.
    [Show full text]
  • International Ecological Classification Standard
    INTERNATIONAL ECOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION STANDARD: TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATIONS Groups and Macrogroups of Washington June 26, 2015 by NatureServe (modified by Washington Natural Heritage Program on January 16, 2016) 600 North Fairfax Drive, 7th Floor Arlington, VA 22203 2108 55th Street, Suite 220 Boulder, CO 80301 This subset of the International Ecological Classification Standard covers vegetation groups and macrogroups attributed to Washington. This classification has been developed in consultation with many individuals and agencies and incorporates information from a variety of publications and other classifications. Comments and suggestions regarding the contents of this subset should be directed to Mary J. Russo, Central Ecology Data Manager, NC <[email protected]> and Marion Reid, Senior Regional Ecologist, Boulder, CO <[email protected]>. Copyright © 2015 NatureServe, 4600 North Fairfax Drive, 7th floor Arlington, VA 22203, U.S.A. All Rights Reserved. Citations: The following citation should be used in any published materials which reference ecological system and/or International Vegetation Classification (IVC hierarchy) and association data: NatureServe. 2015. International Ecological Classification Standard: Terrestrial Ecological Classifications. NatureServe Central Databases. Arlington, VA. U.S.A. Data current as of 26 June 2015. Restrictions on Use: Permission to use, copy and distribute these data is hereby granted under the following conditions: 1. The above copyright notice must appear in all documents and reports; 2. Any use must be for informational purposes only and in no instance for commercial purposes; 3. Some data may be altered in format for analytical purposes, however the data should still be referenced using the citation above. Any rights not expressly granted herein are reserved by NatureServe.
    [Show full text]
  • LANDFIRE Biophysical Setting Model Biophysical Setting 0610980 California Montane Woodland and Chaparral
    LANDFIRE Biophysical Setting Model Biophysical Setting 0610980 California Montane Woodland and Chaparral This BPS is lumped with: This BPS is split into multiple models: General Information Contributors (also see the Comments field) Date 6/13/2004 Modeler 1 Neil Sugihara [email protected] Reviewer Hugh Safford [email protected] Modeler 2 Joe Sherlock [email protected] Reviewer Modeler 3 Ayn Shlisky [email protected] Reviewer Vegetation Type Dominant Species Map Zone Model Zone ARPA6 Upland Shrubland 6 Alaska Northern Plains CECO California N-Cent.Rockies General Model Sources QUVA Great Basin Pacific Northwest Literature CEIN3 Great Lakes South Central Local Data Hawaii Southeast Expert Estimate Northeast S. Appalachians Southwest Geographic Range Montane chaparral is located from the Southern Cascades, through the Sierra Nevada, the Peninsular and Transverse Ranges and into Baja CA. Biophysical Site Description Primarily occurs at elevations where much of the precipitation occurs as snowfall above 1500m (4500ft). These locations are commonly on steep, exposed slopes with rocky or shallow soils, favoring south and west aspects in canyons, glaciated landscapes, recent volcanics and other areas with low site productivity/ shallow soils. Vegetation Description These are mosaics of woodlands with chaparral understories, shrub-dominated chaparral, or short-lived chaparrals with confier species invading if good seed source is available. Shrubs will often have higher densities than the trees which are more limited due to the rocky/thin soils. These can also be short duration chaparrals in previouslt forested areas that have experienced crown fires. Trees tend to have a scattered open canopy, or can be clustrered, over a usually continuous dense shrub layer.
    [Show full text]
  • Juniperus Occidentalis
    Fire Effects Information System (FEIS) FEIS Home Page Table of Contents • SUMMARY INTRODUCTORY DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE BOTANICAL AND ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS FIRE EFFECTS AND MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS APPENDICES REFERENCES Figure 1—Western juniper. Photo by Joseph M. DiTomaso, University of California-Davis, Bugwood.org. Citation: Fryer, Janet L.; Tirmenstein, D. 2019 (revised from 1999). Juniperus occidentalis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/tree/junocc/all.html [2019, June 26]. Revisions: The Taxonomy, Botanical and Ecological Characteristics, and Fire Effects and Management sections of this Species Review were revised in March 2019. New primary literature and a review by Miller et al. [145] were incorporated and are cited throughout this review. SUMMARY Western juniper occurs in the Pacific Northwest, California, and Nevada. Old-growth western juniper stands that established in presettlement times (before the 1870s) occur primarily on sites of low productivity such as claypan soils, rimrock, outcrops, the edges of mesas, and upper slopes. They are generally very open and often had sparse understories. Western juniper has established and spread onto low slopes and valleys in many areas, especially areas formerly dominated by mountain big sagebrush. These postsettlement stands (woodland transitional communities) are denser than most presettlement and old-growth woodlands. They have substantial shrub understories in early to midsuccession. Western juniper establishes from seed. Seed cones are first produced around 20 years of age, but few are produced until at least 50 years of age. Mature western junipers produce seeds nearly every year, although seed production is highly variable across sites and years.
    [Show full text]
  • Conifer Quarterly
    Conifer Quarterly Vol. 24 No. 4 Fall 2007 Picea pungens ‘The Blues’ 2008 Collectors Conifer of the Year Full-size Selection Photo Credit: Courtesy of Stanley & Sons Nursery, Inc. CQ_FALL07_FINAL.qxp:CQ 10/16/07 1:45 PM Page 1 The Conifer Quarterly is the publication of the American Conifer Society Contents 6 Competitors for the Dwarf Alberta Spruce by Clark D. West 10 The Florida Torreya and the Atlanta Botanical Garden by David Ruland 16 A Journey to See Cathaya argyrophylla by William A. McNamara 19 A California Conifer Conundrum by Tim Thibault 24 Collectors Conifer of the Year 29 Paul Halladin Receives the ACS Annual Award of Merits 30 Maud Henne Receives the Marvin and Emelie Snyder Award of Merit 31 In Search of Abies nebrodensis by Daniel Luscombe 38 Watch Out for that Tree! by Bruce Appeldoorn 43 Andrew Pulte awarded 2007 ACS $1,000 Scholarship by Gerald P. Kral Conifer Society Voices 2 President’s Message 4 Editor’s Memo 8 ACS 2008 National Meeting 26 History of the American Conifer Society – Part One 34 2007 National Meeting 42 Letters to the Editor 44 Book Reviews 46 ACS Regional News Vol. 24 No. 4 CONIFER QUARTERLY 1 CQ_FALL07_FINAL.qxp:CQ 10/16/07 1:45 PM Page 2 PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE Conifer s I start this letter, we are headed into Afall. In my years of gardening, this has been the most memorable year ever. It started Quarterly with an unusually warm February and March, followed by the record freeze in Fall 2007 Volume 24, No 4 April, and we just broke a record for the number of consecutive days in triple digits.
    [Show full text]