DOCSLIB.ORG

Human Health Concerns As Related to the Changing Weather Patterns Across Illinois

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Human Health Concerns As Related to the Changing Weather Patterns Across Illinois Human Health Concerns as Related to the Changing Weather Patterns across Illinois Olivia Kellner, PhD. Climatologist Illinois State Water Survey Presentation Outline • Quick summary: observed changes in temperature and precipitation across Illinois • A warmer and wetter Illinois climate: Impacts human health – Current Understanding – Data Application/Analysis with PRI Resources • Heat Risk • Air Quality Concerns • Vector-borne Disease Risk • Water-borne Disease Risk • Concluding Remarks As Jim explained, Illinois climate has become warmer…. Illinois Historic Monthly Average Temperature Trend based on 1895-2015 (°F per Century) Courtesy of the Midwestern Regional Climate Center January February March April May June 0.36 0.18 1.73 1.17 1.18 1.22 1.29 3.69 3.67 2.70 2.43 1.62 3.19 2.64 1.61 1.75 -0.27 0.05 -0.12 1.88 2.69 1.34 2.30 2.56 0.38 1.54 0.57 1.51 2.83 3.44 2.06 1.04 -0.15 -0.51 3.01 2.72 1.99 1.99 2.28 0.89 1.10 1.11 2.04 0.71 0.27 -0.25 -0.69 2.97 2.61 1.76 1.23 1.74 1.01 0.31 Warming has been primarily in Spring and Winter July August September October November December -0.29 0.05 0.17 0.24 0.47 0.51 0.45 0.61 2.81 2.69 2.01 2.22 -0.15 0.64 -0.11 2.75 -0.73 -0.60 0.28 0.20 -0.58 0.48 -0.27 0.63 0.94 1.96 2.85 1.46 2.33 2.53 -0.25 -0.27 -0.57 0.13 2.19 2.27 -0.18 0.06 -0.43 0.51 1.97 1.93 0.15 -0.52 0.12 -0.54 -1.15 -1.42 0.05 -0.32 1.67 1.52 1.85 1.46 and wetter…. Illinois Historic Monthly Observed Precipitation Trend based on 1895-2015 (Inches per Century) Courtesy of the Midwestern Regional Climate Center January February March April May June -0.16 -0.15 0.26 1.29 1.03 0.13 -0.09 0.01 -0.28 0.95 1.03 0.39 -0.40 -0.29 0.99 -0.39 0.08 0.10 -0.49 0.64 0.97 0.22 -0.16 -0.43 0.79 0.56 0.56 0.49 0.40 0.77 -0.34 0.45 0.50 -0.21 0.09 -0.37 0.66 0.64 0.54 0.33 -0.45 1.16 -0.50 0.32 0.93 0.18 -0.82 0.02 0.83 0.38 0.31 -0.02 1.09 1.16 Increases in precipitation have primarily been during spring, summer, and late fall/early winter July August September October November December 0.35 0.75 0.69 0.90 -0.72 -0.46 0.60 0.68 0.62 0.48 0.47 0.71 0.70 0.71 0.49 0.98 0.45 0.38 0.49 -0.25 0.74 0.42 0.74 -0.75 -0.70 0.90 0.77 0.72 0.69 0.62 0.54 -0.24 -0.20 -0.54 0.48 0.91 0.69 0.70 -0.22 0.63 1.02 0.69 -0.29 0.79 0.56 -0.15 0.36 1.15 1.12 0.67 0.60 -0.13 -0.17 0.45 Over the last 150 years, natural and anthropogenic climate drivers have led to a warming climate The remainder of my talk with focus on the impacts of a warmer climate regime on human health in Illinois From: http://serc.carleton.edu/earthlabs/climate/5.html Atmospheric Circulation Shifts in a Warmer Climate Global circulation and midlatitude weather systems are driven by the difference in temperature between the North Pole and the equator • Warmer air pushes Polar Front Jet (PFJ) stream northward into Canada • The PFJ stream weakens (winds slow down) due to weaker temperature difference between North Pole and Image: Jones & Bartlett Learning - www.jblearning.com Equator • The jet stream becomes more meridional (north to south) versus zonal (west to east) • More “extreme” events across the midlatitudes! Stronger jet stream Weaker jet stream • Warmer air holds more moisture Predominantly west-to-east flow Meandering flow A Focus on Heat Risks and Impacts to Human Health EXTREME TEMPERATURES *Figures from Hansen et al., 2012 Warmer Climate and Human Health: Heat • There has been a 20% increase in the number of heatwaves Ratio of record daily maximum high temperatures to from 1949 to 1995 for the record daily low temperatures eastern and western United States (Gaffen and Ross 1998) • The IPCC projects with strong confidence that those areas already experiencing increased heatwave events will experience events of greater intensity and magnitude through the 21st century – This means the Midwest! • Increased energy demand in summer to offset heat, decreased demand in winter due http://www.cesm.ucar.edu/events/tutorials/2011/day4.lecture11.meehl.pdf to projected milder temperatures Warmer Climate and Human Health: Heat • Warmer temperatures greater Location July 13, 1995 July 14, 1995 concern than colder temperatures Midway T =106, T =81 T =102, T =84 max min max min – Heat is the most prominent cause O’Hare Tmax=104, Tmin=81 Tmax=100, Tmin=83 Lake Villa Tmax=102, Tmin=77 Tmax=100, Tmin=81 of weather-related mortalities in the US (Luber and McGeehin 2008; Data and chart from: NOAA natural Disaster Survey Report. July 1995 Heat Wave Harlan and Ruddell 2011) A lag between the • Consecutive nights of very warm hottest days and nights and the number of nighttime minimum temperatures fatalities has greatest impact (Meehl and Tebaldi, 2004) • Most at Risk: – Young and elderly – Those without air conditioning – Pre-existing medical conditions – Individuals taking medications that interfere with salt and water balance (Luber and McGeehin 2008) – Those regularly working outdoors Heat and the Urban Environment • Urban areas projected to see a higher, increased risk • More than half of the world’s population now lives in cities – more difficult to keep cool (Luber and McGeehin 2008) • Urban climate – exacerbates a heatwave – High thermal mass of concrete and blacktop – Low ventilation due to building density – Point-source heat from cars and AC units • All together, these feedbacks contribute to the urban heat island effect, which adds 2°F to 10°F to the ambient air temperature (Luber and McGeehin 2008; Vose, et al. 2004) Heat Response Plan? • Understand your city, village, Research.goaa.gov town, or county’s heat risk through… – Demographic data – Location-specific climatological Know the criteria of the following: • Heat Advisory data • Excessive Heat Watch: • The Midwestern Regional Climate • Heat warning criteria likely in the next 24-72 hours Center within the Illinois State • Excessive Heat Warning: Water Survey is a GREAT resource • Heat Index values meet or exceed for historic climate data warning criteria for at least 2 days (typical values: maximum daytime high – http://mrcc.isws.illinois.edu/ ≥ 105°F north and minimum nighttime lows ≥ 75°F) – Geospatial analysis to • Air Stagnation Advisory • Atmospheric conditions stable enough determine vulnerability to cause air pollutants to accumulate in “hotspots” a given area. State of Illinois and Chicago Area Populations with Increased Heat Risk Labeled Cities are those with Population of 20,000 or greater Selection Criteria: 1) Poverty (Number of homes within census block at or BRACE Illinois provides detailed county- below poverty level in the last 12 months for family of four) level social vulnerability maps here: 2) Age (greater than or equal to 50) https://braceillinois.uic.edu/summer- 3) Median Age of Dwelling (built prior to 1981) heat-toolkit/heat-addenda/ *Census Block Group Data 2007-2011: https://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/tiger-data.html Concentrations of nitrogen dioxide in the lower atmosphere as detected by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument aboard the Aura satellite. Credit - NASA: https://climate.nasa.gov/news/2435/on-the-trail-of-a-hazy-global-killer/ AIR QUALITY Warmer Climate and Human Health: Air Quality Shift in Mean Storm Track Particulate Matter Concentrations • Polar jet stream (i.e. “storm track”) • Contributors to increased PM 2.5 projected to shift north levels: – increased humidity – Less midlatitude cyclones across – increased stagnation events Midwest – increased biogenic emissions • reduced ventilation of air from cities • Contributors to decreased PM 2.5 such as Chicago (Mickley, et al. 2004; Jacob levels: and Winner 2009; Ramsey et al. 2014) – increased precipitation – – enhanced atmospheric mixing, and other Allergies, Asthma, respiratory factors could decrease PM 2.5 levels. diseases, & air pollution/air quality • More variability is projected for all impacted these climate variables in a warmer climate – no consensus yet on net increase or decrease in PM 2.5 levels in the United States from climate fluctuations, just a increase in the severity of events *From Fann, et al., 2016. http://www.climatecentral.org/gallery/graphics/climate-change-the-jet-stream Projected Changes in Temp., O3, and O3-Related Premature Deaths in 2030 compared to 2000 (from Balbus et al., 2016) Moderate Emissions (RCP 6.0) Each year (2000 and 2030) is represented by 11 years of modeled data for May through September, the traditional ozone season in the United States. Higher Emissions (RCP 8.5) Warmer Climate and Human Health: Air Quality - Allergies Figure 1. From Beggs, 2004 Primary Impacts of Climate Change • Increased levels of CO2, warmer temperatures, and increased rainfall have extended the length of the growing season – Increases in the amount of allergenic pollens Ragweed pollen season length – Increases the potency of the increased by as much as 11 to allergenic pollens 27 days (1995 -2011) in parts of the US and Canada because of – Expands the spatial distribution warmer temperatures.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Heat Wave Safety Tips
    Heat Wave Safety Tips KNOW THE FACTS Heat waves usually consist of high temperatures and high relative humidity. This combination makes it difficult for the human body to dissipate heat through the skin and sweat glands. Sweating will not cool the human body unless the water is removed by evaporation. High relative humidity, consequently, retards evaporation. Certain medications can also make it difficult for a person to sweat. Heat Index… The National Weather Service (NWS) uses the "HEAT INDEX" as a measure of the combined affects of high temperatures and high relative humidity. Research findings strongly suggest that HEAT INDEX (HI) values of 90 to 105 degrees make sunstroke, heat cramps, and heat exhaustion possible with prolonged exposure and/or physical activity. Research findings strongly suggest that HI vales of 105 to 130 degrees make sunstroke, heat cramps, and heat exhaustion likely with prolonged exposure and/or physical activity. Advisories and warnings… The NWS issues Heat Advisories when it expects daytime HI's to equal or exceed 105 degrees for 3 hours or more while nighttime HI's equal or exceed 80 degrees, for any 24- hour period. The NWS issues Excessive Heat Warnings when it expects daytime HI's to equal or exceed 115 degrees for 3 hours or more while nighttime HI's equal or exceed 80 degrees, for any 24-hour period. The NWS may issue an "Excessive Heat Watch" 24 to 8 hours in advance of heat wave conditions. DURING THE HEAT Listen to your NOAA Weather Radio… Stay informed about the latest watches, warnings, and advisories.
    [Show full text]
  • National Weather Service Reference Guide
    National Weather Service Reference Guide Purpose of this Document he National Weather Service (NWS) provides many products and services which can be T used by other governmental agencies, Tribal Nations, the private sector, the public and the global community. The data and services provided by the NWS are designed to fulfill us- ers’ needs and provide valuable information in the areas of weather, hydrology and climate. In addition, the NWS has numerous partnerships with private and other government entities. These partnerships help facilitate the mission of the NWS, which is to protect life and prop- erty and enhance the national economy. This document is intended to serve as a reference guide and information manual of the products and services provided by the NWS on a na- tional basis. Editor’s note: Throughout this document, the term ―county‖ will be used to represent counties, parishes, and boroughs. Similarly, ―county warning area‖ will be used to represent the area of responsibility of all of- fices. The local forecast office at Buffalo, New York, January, 1899. The local National Weather Service Office in Tallahassee, FL, present day. 2 Table of Contents Click on description to go directly to the page. 1. What is the National Weather Service?…………………….………………………. 5 Mission Statement 6 Organizational Structure 7 County Warning Areas 8 Weather Forecast Office Staff 10 River Forecast Center Staff 13 NWS Directive System 14 2. Non-Routine Products and Services (watch/warning/advisory descriptions)..…….. 15 Convective Weather 16 Tropical Weather 17 Winter Weather 18 Hydrology 19 Coastal Flood 20 Marine Weather 21 Non-Precipitation 23 Fire Weather 24 Other 25 Statements 25 Other Non-Routine Products 26 Extreme Weather Wording 27 Verification and Performance Goals 28 Impact-Based Decision Support Services 30 Requesting a Spot Fire Weather Forecast 33 Hazardous Materials Emergency Support 34 Interactive Warning Team 37 HazCollect 38 Damage Surveys 40 Storm Data 44 Information Requests 46 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Inclement Weather Guidelines for Outdoor Events
    INCLEMENT WEATHER GUIDELINES FOR OUTDOOR EVENTS “Inclement weather” is a generic term often used to describe weather conditions that are either unsafe or undesirable for outdoor events. Inclement weather can come in many different forms, as outlined below. This guideline is intended to be used as a tool to help you identify when forecasted or actual weather conditions require cancelling or postponing an event. NOTE: This checklist addresses only the most unsafe weather conditions. Your own event guidelines may dictate actions for other weather conditions that may be undesirable (e.g. rainy, too warm, too cold). Should any of the following triggers occur or become forecasted for the time of the event, the event should be cancelled or, when appropriate, temporarily postponed for safety reasons. Temporarily postponing an event means just waiting a few minutes until the immediate hazard passes, if your schedule allows. When in doubt about what to do, consult with FSU Emergency Management for decision support. ADVANCED NOTICE TRIGGER TO CANCEL EVENT: TRIGGER TO TEMPORARILY POSTPONE TIMEFRAME EVENT: 0 ‐ 48 Hours [ ] Hurricane or Tropical Storm Watch [ ] Winter Storm Watch 0 ‐ 24 Hours [ ] Heat Advisory or Excessive Heat Watch [ ] High Wind Watch [ ] Winter Weather Advisory [ ] Wind Chill Advisory 0 ‐ 12 Hours [ ] Tornado Watch [ ] Severe Thunderstorm Watch [ ] Flash Flood Watch [ ] Excessive Heat Warning [ ] Wind Advisory During Event [ ] Observed Heat Index in excess of 108’F. [ ] FSU ALERT issued for Tornado Warning, Severe Thunderstorm Warning, Flash Flood Warning or [ ] Observed Wind Chill less than 0’F. Lightning Warning. [ ] Observed winds in excess of 35 miles per hour. [ ] Significant Weather Advisory (no FSU ALERT).
    [Show full text]
  • National Weather Service Reference Guide
    National Weather Service Reference Guide Purpose of this Document he National Weather Service (NWS) provides many products and services which can be T used by other governmental agencies, Tribal Nations, the private sector, the public and the global community. The data and services provided by the NWS are designed to fulfill us- ers’ needs and provide valuable information in the areas of weather, hydrology and climate. In addition, the NWS has numerous partnerships with private and other government entities. These partnerships help facilitate the mission of the NWS, which is to protect life and prop- erty and enhance the national economy. This document is intended to serve as a reference guide and information manual of the products and services provided by the NWS on a na- tional basis. Editor’s note: Throughout this document, the term ―county‖ will be used to represent counties, parishes, and boroughs. Similarly, ―county warning area‖ will be used to represent the area of responsibility of all of- fices. The local forecast office at Buffalo, New York, January, 1899. The local National Weather Service Office in Tallahassee, FL, present day. 2 Table of Contents Click on description to go directly to the page. 1. What is the National Weather Service?…………………….………………………. 5 Mission Statement 6 Organizational Structure 7 County Warning Areas 8 Weather Forecast Office Staff 10 River Forecast Center Staff 13 NWS Directive System 14 2. Non-Routine Products and Services (watch/warning/advisory descriptions)..…….. 15 Convective Weather 16 Tropical Weather 17 Winter Weather 18 Hydrology 19 Coastal Flood 20 Marine Weather 21 Non-Precipitation 23 Fire Weather 24 Other 25 Statements 25 Other Non-Routine Products 26 Extreme Weather Wording 27 Verification and Performance Goals 28 Impact-Based Decision Support Services 30 Requesting a Spot Fire Weather Forecast 33 Hazardous Materials Emergency Support 34 Interactive Warning Team 37 HazCollect 38 Damage Surveys 40 Storm Data 44 Information Requests 46 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Weather Vocabulary
    SUMMER 2013 SPECIAL EDITION PAGE 1 WEATHER LANGUAGE Common Terms Used in Weather Reports Advisory - A forecast issued by the National damaging winds lasting from 5 to 20 minutes. This may Weather Service to highlight conditions that re- reach tornado intensity. quire caution, but are not thought to be immedi- ately life threatening. Microburst - A small downdraft of air with an outflow di- ameter of less than 2.5 miles with the peak winds lasting Backing Wind - A wind that changes its direction from 2 to 5 minutes. This can effect a planes performance. in a counter clockwise motion. For example, a northwest wind changing to a west wind. Saffir-Simpson Scale - A hurricane intensity scale that relates hurricane damage to wind speeds and central air Cumulonimbus - A dense and vertically developed pressures. Category 1: wind speeds 74-95 m.p.h. cloud that produces thunderstorms. The cloud can Category 2: wind speeds 96-110 m.p.h. bring heavy showers, hail, lightning, high winds and Category 3: wind speeds 111-130 m.p.h. sometimes tornadoes. Category 4: wind speeds 131-155 m.p.h. Cumulus Clouds - Fluffy, mid-level clouds that Category 5: wind speeds over 155 m.p.h. develop in towering shapes and signal fair Severe Thunderstorm - A thunderstorm with winds of 58 weather. Cumulus clouds are a principle cloud type. mph or greater and/or with hail ¾ inch in diameter or lar- ger. Downburst - A strong downward rush of air, which produces a blast of damaging, winds on or close to Severe Thunderstorm Warning - It’s issued to warn the the surface.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of NOAA National Weather Service Methods to Warn for Extreme Heat Events
    JANUARY 2017 H A W K I N S E T A L . 5 Assessment of NOAA National Weather Service Methods to Warn for Extreme Heat Events MICHELLE D. HAWKINS,VANKITA BROWN, AND JANNIE FERRELL NOAA/National Weather Service, Silver Spring, Maryland (Manuscript received 27 May 2015, in final form 8 August 2016) ABSTRACT Recent climate studies have predicted a future with longer, more intense, and more frequent heat events. Evolving challenges presented by this paradigm necessitate an assessment of current efforts to warn for extreme heat events. NOAA’s National Weather Service (NWS) Weather Forecast Offices (WFOs) issue Excessive Heat Watch, Excessive Heat Warning, and Heat Advisory products as conditions warrant. In the fall of 2013 the NWS conducted an internal assessment with its WFOs to 1) document variations in the usage of heat-based watch, warning, and advisory hazard messages (products) across the country; 2) learn about the degree to which locally developed criteria are applied to forecaster decision-making processes in issuing these products; and 3) gather ideas for enhancing communication of expected excessive heat events in general. Survey responses indicate that WFOs selectively use one or a combination of products, and that various methodologies are used to develop criteria for issuing heat products. Given that forecasters use meteoro- logical and nonmeteorological factors when deciding to issue heat products, forecaster judgment is a crucial element of the warning process. Results also revealed partner confusion due to inconsistent heat product issuance criteria. Suggestions were made for eliminating or revising existing products and policies, or creating new products, policies, or issuance criteria.
    [Show full text]
  • Spearfish Fire Department Policies and Procedures
    SPEARFISH FIRE DEPARTMENT POLICIES AND PROCEDURES Page 1 of 5 Volume: Operation Section: 20.00 Number: 20.09 Subject: Weather Watches, Warnings, Advisory’s and Spotter Activation Date Issued: 8 August 2019 Originator: Assistant Chief R. Mathis Rescinds: 28 March 2017 Approval: Assistant Chief R. Mathis I. Purpose This procedure provides guidance for safety and general procedures when responding to Weather Spotter activations. II. SCOPE This policy applies to all personnel. III. DEFINITIONS Winter Storm Watch A Winter Storm Watch is issued when there is the potential for significant and hazardous winter weather within 48 hours. It does not mean that significant and hazardous winter weather will occur...it only means it is possible. Significant and hazardous winter weather is defined as a combination of: 1) 5 inches or more of snow/sleet within a 12-hour period or 7 inches or more of snow/sleet within a 24-hour period AND/OR 2) Enough ice accumulation to cause damage to trees or powerlines AND/OR 3) a life threatening or damaging combination of snow and/or ice accumulation with wind. Blizzard Warning A Blizzard Warning means that the following conditions are occurring or expected within the next 12 to 18 hours. 1) Snow and/or blowing snow reducing visibility to 1/4 mile or less for 3 hours or longer AND 2) Sustained winds of 35 mph or greater or frequent gusts to 35 mph or greater. There is no temperature requirement that must be met to achieve blizzard conditions. Winter Storm Warning A Winter Storm Warning is issued when a significant combination of hazardous winter weather is occurring or imminent.
    [Show full text]
  • Plans for Excessive Heat Emergencies
    CONTINGENCY PLAN FOR EXCESSIVE HEAT EMERGENCIES A Supporting Document to the Nevada County Emergency Operations Plan Reviewed Annually Last updated: September 2019 OVERVIEW This is a contingency plan supporting the Nevada County Emergency Operations Plan and the State Contingency Plan for Excessive Heat Emergencies. This plan describes County operations during heat related emergencies and provides guidance for local governments, non-governmental organizations, the private sector and faith-based organizations in the preparation of their heat emergency response plans and other related activities. This plan recognizes three (3) phases of activation. I. Seasonal Readiness a. Seasonal readiness begins annually in May as the warmer months approach; it is the preparedness activities and coordination that takes place prior to receiving a Special Weather Statement from the National Weather Service (NWS). b. Actions are taken as a result of credible predictions by the NWS of prolonged heat or power outages during warmer than normal weather conditions II. Heat Alert (NWS Heat Advisory & NWS Excessive Heat Watch) a. Excessively hot weather with credible weather forecasts of excessively hot weather in the next 24-72 hours. b. These weather conditions include high daytime temperatures, accompanied by night temperatures of 75 degrees or more. c. See Heat Advisory and Excessive Heat Watch definitions below) III. Heat Emergency (NWS Excessive Heat Warning) a. Weather conditions with a heat index of over 105 degrees with NWS Heat Advisories or Warnings or excessively hot weather for more than three days. b. These weather conditions include high daytime temperatures accompanied by night temperatures of 75 degrees or more. c. Proclamation declared by the Nevada County Health Officer of an emergency related to excessive heat.
    [Show full text]
  • Weather Products
    Forecast Products The Zone Forecast Product highlights the expected sky condition, type and probability of precipitation, visibility restrictions, and temperature Zone affecting individual counties for each 12-hour period out through 7 days. Forecast ZFP Wind direction and speed are also included in the forecast out to 60 hours. WFO Paducah issues the zone forecast by 4 a.m. and 3:30 p.m. under the Product header ZFPPAH. This forecast is updated as needed to meet changing weather conditions. Refer to Appendix A for a guide to ZFP terminology. WFO Paducah provides detailed digital forecast data via the Area/Point Forecast Matrices. These products display forecast weather parameters in 3, 6, and 12-hour intervals through 7 days. Incorporated into a matrix format, this product creates a highly detailed forecast, allowing for an at-a- Area/Point AFM glance view of a large number of forecast elements. The AFM contains Forecast forecasts for each county within the WFO Paducah forecast area, while PFM the PFM shows forecasts for specific cities. WFO Paducah issues the Matrices Area/Point Forecast Matrices by 4 a.m. and 3:30 p.m. under the respective headers of AFMPAH and PFMPAH. These products are updated every 3 hours and as needed to meet changing weather conditions. Refer to Appendix B for a detailed guide to interpreting the AFM and PFM. WFO Paducah issues the Area Forecast Discussion twice daily by 4 a.m. and 3:30 p.m. under the header AFDPAH. This product provides scientific Area insight into the thought process of the forecast team at Paducah.
    [Show full text]
  • Sign up for Fond Du Lac Employee Emergency Alerts
    EMPLOYEE EMERGENCY ALERT SIGN-UP INSTRUCTIONS – OPT-IN SIGN UP FOR FOND DU LAC EMPLOYEE EMERGENCY ALERTS First Name: Last Name: Middle Initial: Suffix: Registration Email: Username: Password: Please Select Your Security Question Please Circle What is your maternal Grandmother’s maiden name/ What is the City or Town where your Mother and Father met? What is the name of your favorite childhood friend? What is the city or town where you met your spouse/significant other? Where was your first job? What school did you attend in sixth grade? What was your childhood nickname? What street did you live on in third grade? What was the name of your favorite pet or stuffed animal? What was the last name of your favorite teacher? What is the city or town of your birth? Security Question Answer: Please List Order to Contact You 1st/2nd/3rd and so on. (You must list at least 2) How do you want to be alerted: ________Business Email:_________________________________________ ________Personal Email:_________________________________________ ________Work Phone:___________________________________________ ________Home Phone:__________________________________________ ________Cell Phone:____________________________________________ ________Text Message:__________________________________________ ________TTY:__________________________________________________ www.everbridge.com Weather & Hazard Alert Settings ____ Don’t contact me Between: Time _______ AM/PM & Time______AM/PM Alerts Subscriptions Signed Up For: Please Check the Alerts You Would Like to Recieve ____Weather
    [Show full text]
  • Severe Weather and Lightning Policy
    Severe Weather and Lightning Policy Due to the significant risks and possibility of fatal injury from lightning and severe weather, it is imperativeth thate Town of Christiansburg adopt a clear policy on how to deal with inclement weather and its effect on activities held within Town parks, facilities and on other public properties and rights-of-way (sidewalks, streets, etc.). This policy will help to clearly state the Town’s position on this issue and help to define roles of certain individuals during the decision making process. The chief concern of the Town, event organizer, or renter of outdoor facilities must be the safety of all participants, attendees, staff and spectators of the activity. The following plan will be in effect for all Town of Christiansburg sanctioned or sponsored events/activities as well as any person or organization renting any Town property. For purposes of this policy, a Town-sponsored event is defined as an event where all direction and organization of the occasion is overseen by Town officials or administrators. A Town-sanctioned event is defined as an organization hosting a Town-approved activity, whereby an event organizer oversees direction and organization. The Town of Christiansburg provides support and resources for the activity when applicable. Lastly, a rental is described as the occupation of Town property, whereby a renter is utilizing Town property or facilities, which include athletic fields or picnic shelters. In the event of threatening or inclement weather before or during a Town-sponsored event, a designated Town official or other designee will inform the attendees and participants of impending severe weather through on-site coordination and/or through the Town’s electronic messaging system.
    [Show full text]
  • Severe Weather Watches, Advisories & Warnings
    Severe Weather Watches, Advisories & Warnings Tornado Watch Issued by the Storm Prediction Center when conditions are favorable for the development of severe thunderstorms and tornadoes over a larger-scale region covering numerous counties or a large part of a state. These are usually in effect for a period of 6 to 8 hours. Severe Thunderstorm Watch Issued by the Storm Prediction Center when conditions are favorable for the development of severe thunderstorms over a larger-scale region. Tornadoes are not expected in such situations, but isolated tornado development cannot be ruled out. These are issued for numerous counties or a large part of a state, and are usually in effect for a period of 6 to 8 hours. Significant Weather Advisory Issued for strong thunderstorms with the threat for wind gusts of 40-55 mph and/or hail less than 1.00 inch in diameter. These are usually issued for a 60 minute time period. Tornado Warning Issued for counties or portions of a county when there is evidence based on radar or a reliable spotter report that a tornado is imminent or occurring. These are usually issued for 30 to 45 minutes in length. Severe Thunderstorm Warning Issued for counties or portions of a county when there is evidence based on radar or a reliable spotter report that a thunderstorm is producing, or about to produce, wind gusts around 60 mph or greater, structural wind damage, and/or hail 1.00 inch in diameter or greater. These are usually issued for 30 to 60 minutes in length. Severe Weather Statement Issued for follow-up information on existing Severe Thunderstorm and Tornado Warnings.
    [Show full text]