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Unofficial translation of the Dutch original File number 90046903 Today, the fifth April two thousand and nineteen (5-4-2019), at the request of: (1) Vereniging Milieudefensie, an association with its registered office in (1017 VA) Amsterdam at Nieuwe Looiersstraat 31, both for itself and in its capacity of representative ad litem and representative of the persons mentioned in annex A, which annex is attached to this summons and forms part thereof, hereinafter jointly referred to as: “Milieudefensie”; (2) Stichting Greenpeace Nederland, a foundation with its registered office in (1033 WB) Amsterdam at NDSM-plein 32, hereinafter referred to as: “Greenpeace Nederland”; (3) Stichting ter bevordering van de Fossielvrij-beweging, a foundation with its registered office in (1094 RS) Amsterdam at Minahassastraat 1, hereinafter referred to as: “Fossielvrij NL”; (4) Landelijke Vereniging tot Behoud van de Waddenzee, an association with full legal capacity with its registered office in (8861 SR) Harlingen at Droogstraat 3, hereinafter referred to as: “Waddenvereniging”; (5) Stichting Both ENDS, a foundation with its registered office in (1018 VC) Amsterdam at Nieuwe Keizersgracht 45, hereinafter referred to as: “Both ENDS”; (6) Jongeren Milieu Actief, an association with full legal capacity with its registered office in (1017 VA) Amsterdam at Nieuwe Looiersstraat 31, hereinafter referred to as: “JMA”; (7) Stichting ActionAid, a foundation with its registered office in (1072 AC) Amsterdam at Stadhouderskade 60, hereinafter referred to as: “ActionAid”; hereinafter jointly referred to as “claimants” or “Milieudefensie et al.”, (all) legally represented in this matter by R.H.J. Cox LLM of Paulussen Advocaten N.V. in Maastricht, (all) electing as their address for service in this matter the office of Paulussen Advocaten N.V., at Sint Pieterskade 26B in (6212 AD) Maastricht, of which office R.H.J. Cox LLM is appointed as the procedural lawyer and will act as such, 1 Unofficial translation of the Dutch original I, SUMMONED: 1. Royal Dutch Shell plc, a company under foreign law with its registered office in London (England) and its principal place of business in (2596 HR) The Hague at Carel van Bylandtlaan 30, serving my writ and a copy of this document and of the exhibits referred to below at this office to: TO: appear at the public hearing of the District Court of The Hague, location The Hague, not in person but represented by an attorney-at-law, at 10:00 a.m. on Wednesday 17 April 2019 (seventeen April two thousand and nineteen), to be held in one of the court rooms in the Palace of Justice at Prins Clauslaan 60 in (2595 AJ) The Hague; WITH NOTICE: a) that if a defendant fails to be duly represented or does not timely pay the court registry fee and the prescribed periods and formalities have been observed, the Court will declare the defendant to be in default and will award the claim described below unless it considers this claim to be unlawful or unfounded; b) that on appearance the defendant will be charged with a court registry fee, to be paid within four weeks after appearance; c) that the amount of the court registry fee is mentioned in the most recent appendix to the Court Fees (Civil Cases) Act [Wet griffierecht burgerlijke zaken], which can be found at the website: www.kbvg.nl/griffierechtentabel. 2 Unofficial translation of the Dutch original d) that an impecunious defendant will be charged with a court registry fee for impecunious people, laid down by law, if, at the time when the court registry fee is charged, it submitted: 1) a copy of the legal aid award, within the meaning of Article 29 of the Legal Aid Act [Wet op de Rechtsbijstand], or, if this is not possible due to circumstances which, in fairness, cannot be attributed to it, a copy of the application within the meaning of Article 24, paragraph 2 of the Legal Aid Act, or 2) a statement of the board of the Legal Aid Council within the meaning of Article 7 paragraph 3, under e, Legal Aid Act from which it appears that his income is lower than the amounts meant in the governmental decree pursuant to Article 35 paragraph 2 of that Act; IN ORDER TO: hear the below formulated claim against it on the grounds set out in this summons. 3 Unofficial translation of the Dutch original TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 9 II. JURISDICTION OF THE COURT AND APPLICABLE DUTCH LAW ...................................................... 22 II.1 JURISDICTION OF THE DUTCH COURT ................................................................................... 23 II.1.1 The applicability of the Brussels I bis Regulation .......................................................... 23 II.1.2 Principal place of business and management board in the Netherlands ..................... 24 II.1.3 Harmful fact in the Netherlands .................................................................................... 26 II.1.4 Territorial jurisdiction of the court in The Hague .......................................................... 28 II.2 THE APPLICATION OF DUTCH LAW ........................................................................................ 28 II.2.1 Rome II Regulation ........................................................................................................ 28 II.2.2 Book 10 of the Dutch Civil Code .................................................................................... 32 II.2.3 Act on Conflict of Laws regarding unlawful acts (WCOD) ............................................. 32 III. THE CLAIMANTS’ CAUSE OF ACTION ............................................................................................. 34 III.1 THE CLAIMING NGOs ARE LEGAL ENTITIES WITHIN THE MEANING OF ARTICLE 3:305a OF THE DUTCH CIVIL CODE .......................................................................................................... 34 III.2 THE CLAIMS AGAINST SHELL FALL WITHIN THE SCOPE OF ARTICLE 3:305a OF THE DUTCH CIVIL CODE ............................................................................................................................. 34 III.3 THE NGO’s CAUSE OF ACTION ............................................................................................... 36 III.3.1 THE MILIEUDEFENSIE ASSOCIATION ............................................................................. 36 III.3.1.1 A brief history of Milieudefensie ............................................................................... 36 III.3.1.2 Milieudefensie’s object according to its articles of association ................................ 37 III.3.1.3 Actions undertaken by Milieudefensie over the years ............................................. 37 III.3.1.4 Milieudefensie’s general Policy Plans ....................................................................... 40 III.3.1.5 Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 43 III.3.2 THE GREENPEACE NETHERLANDS FOUNDATION .......................................................... 43 III.3.2.1 A brief history of Greenpeace and Greenpeace Netherlands ................................... 43 III.3.2.2 Greenpeace Netherlands’ object according to its articles of association ................. 44 III.3.2.3 Greenpeace’s climate change-related actions .......................................................... 44 III.3.2.4 Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 47 III.3.3 THE FOSSIL FREE NL FOUNDATION ............................................................................... 48 III.3.3.1 Articles of association ................................................................................................ 48 III.3.3.2 A brief history of Fossil Free NL ................................................................................. 49 III.3.3.3 Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 51 III.3.4 WADDENVERENIGING ................................................................................................... 52 III.3.4.1 Articles of association ................................................................................................ 52 4 Unofficial translation of the Dutch original III.3.4.2 A brief history of Waddenvereniging and its activities ............................................. 52 III.3.4.3 The Wadden Sea region ............................................................................................ 53 III.3.4.4 Climate change in the Wadden Sea region ............................................................... 55 III.3.4.5 Rising temperatures .................................................................................................. 55 III.3.4.6 Rising sea levels ......................................................................................................... 56 III.3.4.7 Extreme weather conditions ..................................................................................... 57 III.3.4.8 The Wadden Sea area in extreme climate scenarios ................................................ 57 III.3.4.9 Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 58 III.3.5 THE BOTH ENDS FOUNDATION ....................................................................................
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