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00-Inicio Nº 15.FH11 Rafael I. García de León Rafael I. García de León “Ulythrees”: El número tres en el Ulysses de James Joyce 105 “Ulythrees”: El número tres en el Ulysses de James Joyce 105 “Ulythrees”: El número tres en el Ulysses de James Joyce “Ulythrees”: El número tres en el Ulysses de James Joyce Rafael I. García León Rafael I. García León Universidad de Sevilla Universidad de Sevilla El simbolismo especial de los números ha sido El simbolismo especial de los números ha sido estudiado en diversas ocasiones en la obra de Joyce. No estudiado en diversas ocasiones en la obra de Joyce. No obstante, los críticos parecen olvidar que en el Ulysses de obstante, los críticos parecen olvidar que en el Ulysses de James Joyce aparecen multitud de figuras triádicas, por lo James Joyce aparecen multitud de figuras triádicas, por lo que el número tres es fundamental en esta novela. Es un que el número tres es fundamental en esta novela. Es un aspecto que se refleja en la estructura externa, en las aspecto que se refleja en la estructura externa, en las relaciones entre los personajes e incluso en el lenguaje. relaciones entre los personajes e incluso en el lenguaje. Las causas son las lecturas que Joyce realizó en su juventud Las causas son las lecturas que Joyce realizó en su juventud de filósofos que consideraban el número tres como símbolo de filósofos que consideraban el número tres como símbolo de la totalidad, tal como fueron Giordano Bruno, Tomás de la totalidad, tal como fueron Giordano Bruno, Tomás de Aquino y Dante. El tres es, en suma, el símbolo de la de Aquino y Dante. El tres es, en suma, el símbolo de la totalidad que Joyce pretende reflejar en su novela. totalidad que Joyce pretende reflejar en su novela. The special symbolism of numbers has been The special symbolism of numbers has been researched in Joyce’s oeuvre on various occasions. researched in Joyce’s oeuvre on various occasions. Nevertheless , critics seem to forget that Ulysses contains Nevertheless , critics seem to forget that Ulysses contains a great many triadic figures, which shows that the number a great many triadic figures, which shows that the number three can be essential to understand this novel. This fact three can be essential to understand this novel. This fact is reflected in its structure, the relationships among characters is reflected in its structure, the relationships among characters and even language. The reasons can be found in young and even language. The reasons can be found in young Joyce’s readings of thinkers who regarded number three Joyce’s readings of thinkers who regarded number three as a symbol for wholeness, such as Giordano Bruno, Tomas as a symbol for wholeness, such as Giordano Bruno, Tomas Aquinas and Dante. Number three is, to sum up, the symbol Aquinas and Dante. Number three is, to sum up, the symbol of the idea of wholeness that Joyce tries to convey in his of the idea of wholeness that Joyce tries to convey in his novel. novel. Palabras clave: James Joyce- Ulysses – Numerología - Palabras clave: James Joyce- Ulysses – Numerología - Totalidad – Dante – Bruno – Aquino Totalidad – Dante – Bruno – Aquino Keywords: James Joyce- Ulysses – Numerology -Wholeness Keywords: James Joyce- Ulysses – Numerology -Wholeness – Dante – Bruno – Aquinas – Dante – Bruno – Aquinas Rafael I. García de León Rafael I. García de León “Ulythrees”: El número tres en el Ulysses de James Joyce 105 “Ulythrees”: El número tres en el Ulysses de James Joyce 105 “Ulythrees”: El número tres en el Ulysses de James Joyce “Ulythrees”: El número tres en el Ulysses de James Joyce Rafael I. García León Rafael I. García León Universidad de Sevilla Universidad de Sevilla El simbolismo especial de los números ha sido El simbolismo especial de los números ha sido estudiado en diversas ocasiones en la obra de Joyce. No estudiado en diversas ocasiones en la obra de Joyce. No obstante, los críticos parecen olvidar que en el Ulysses de obstante, los críticos parecen olvidar que en el Ulysses de James Joyce aparecen multitud de figuras triádicas, por lo James Joyce aparecen multitud de figuras triádicas, por lo que el número tres es fundamental en esta novela. Es un que el número tres es fundamental en esta novela. Es un aspecto que se refleja en la estructura externa, en las aspecto que se refleja en la estructura externa, en las relaciones entre los personajes e incluso en el lenguaje. relaciones entre los personajes e incluso en el lenguaje. Las causas son las lecturas que Joyce realizó en su juventud Las causas son las lecturas que Joyce realizó en su juventud de filósofos que consideraban el número tres como símbolo de filósofos que consideraban el número tres como símbolo de la totalidad, tal como fueron Giordano Bruno, Tomás de la totalidad, tal como fueron Giordano Bruno, Tomás de Aquino y Dante. El tres es, en suma, el símbolo de la de Aquino y Dante. El tres es, en suma, el símbolo de la totalidad que Joyce pretende reflejar en su novela. totalidad que Joyce pretende reflejar en su novela. The special symbolism of numbers has been The special symbolism of numbers has been researched in Joyce’s oeuvre on various occasions. researched in Joyce’s oeuvre on various occasions. Nevertheless , critics seem to forget that Ulysses contains Nevertheless , critics seem to forget that Ulysses contains a great many triadic figures, which shows that the number a great many triadic figures, which shows that the number three can be essential to understand this novel. This fact three can be essential to understand this novel. This fact is reflected in its structure, the relationships among characters is reflected in its structure, the relationships among characters and even language. The reasons can be found in young and even language. The reasons can be found in young Joyce’s readings of thinkers who regarded number three Joyce’s readings of thinkers who regarded number three as a symbol for wholeness, such as Giordano Bruno, Tomas as a symbol for wholeness, such as Giordano Bruno, Tomas Aquinas and Dante. Number three is, to sum up, the symbol Aquinas and Dante. Number three is, to sum up, the symbol of the idea of wholeness that Joyce tries to convey in his of the idea of wholeness that Joyce tries to convey in his novel. novel. Palabras clave: James Joyce- Ulysses – Numerología - Palabras clave: James Joyce- Ulysses – Numerología - Totalidad – Dante – Bruno – Aquino Totalidad – Dante – Bruno – Aquino Keywords: James Joyce- Ulysses – Numerology -Wholeness Keywords: James Joyce- Ulysses – Numerology -Wholeness – Dante – Bruno – Aquinas – Dante – Bruno – Aquinas 106 BABEL-AFIAL, 15/Ano 2006 106 BABEL-AFIAL, 15/Ano 2006 El Ulysses de James Joyce es una obra que, entre otros muchos El Ulysses de James Joyce es una obra que, entre otros muchos aspectos, es rica en la aparición de elementos y figuras triádicas. Una aspectos, es rica en la aparición de elementos y figuras triádicas. Una lectura minuciosa del texto permite al lector darse cuenta de la gran lectura minuciosa del texto permite al lector darse cuenta de la gran cantidad de ocasiones en las que se señalan diferentes tríos. cantidad de ocasiones en las que se señalan diferentes tríos. Por lo tanto, el propósito del presente estudio aspira a poner de Por lo tanto, el propósito del presente estudio aspira a poner de manifiesto la cualidad de Ulysses como un tríptico, ya que son muchos manifiesto la cualidad de Ulysses como un tríptico, ya que son muchos los indicios en la novela que nos llevan a pensar en la dependencia que los indicios en la novela que nos llevan a pensar en la dependencia que existe en ella del número tres, tanto en su estructura como en su contenido. existe en ella del número tres, tanto en su estructura como en su contenido. Pensamos que se trata de una cuestión que puede llevar a Pensamos que se trata de una cuestión que puede llevar a conclusiones interesantes, puesto que, a pesar de la gran profusión de conclusiones interesantes, puesto que, a pesar de la gran profusión de estudios joyceanos que se han publicado, en lo que respecta a la influencia estudios joyceanos que se han publicado, en lo que respecta a la influencia simbólica del número tres en concreto, dichos estudios se han centrado simbólica del número tres en concreto, dichos estudios se han centrado casi siempre en Finnegans Wake, entre otras razones, porque el triángulo casi siempre en Finnegans Wake, entre otras razones, porque el triángulo o delta es el símbolo de “Ana Livia Plurabelle”.1 o delta es el símbolo de “Ana Livia Plurabelle”.1 Durante los siglos, la influencia de los números y sus diversas Durante los siglos, la influencia de los números y sus diversas repercusiones en la cultura se ha puesto en práctica en múltiples ocasiones. repercusiones en la cultura se ha puesto en práctica en múltiples ocasiones. Para empezar, habría que recordar que en la tradición cabalística, se creía Para empezar, habría que recordar que en la tradición cabalística, se creía que las 22 letras del alfabeto hebreo constituían los elementos básicos que las 22 letras del alfabeto hebreo constituían los elementos básicos de la realidad y que a través de sus combinaciones y permutaciones, el de la realidad y que a través de sus combinaciones y permutaciones, el hombre podía conseguir el poder del universo y adquirir la facultad de hombre podía conseguir el poder del universo y adquirir la facultad de obrar milagros. Tengamos en cuenta que en lengua hebrea los números obrar milagros. Tengamos en cuenta que en lengua hebrea los números se escriben con los mismos símbolos que las letras, de ahí que realizar se escriben con los mismos símbolos que las letras, de ahí que realizar combinaciones e interpretaciones resulte menos complicado.
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