Subregional Transport Connectivity Sector Project in Pakistan* Sub

Summary Environmental Impact Assessment Summary Environmental Impact Assessment

Subregional Transport Connectivity Subregional Transport Connectivity Sector Project in Pakistan* Sector Project in Pakistan*

June 2005 June 2005

* Title of the Project has been changed to “National Highway Development Sector Investment * Title of the Project has been changed to “National Highway Development Sector Investment Program in Pakistan.” This change applies to all relevant references to the previous project title Program in Pakistan.” This change applies to all relevant references to the previous project title cited in the report. cited in the report.

SEIA.pmd 1 28/10/2005, 5:05 PM

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (As of 23 June 2005) Currency Unit – Pakistan rupee/s (PRe/PRs) Pre 1.00 = $0. 0168 $1.00 = PRs 59.7

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB – Asian Development Bank EIA – environmental impact assessment EMP – environment management plan EPA – Environmental Protection Agency IEE – initial environment examination GM – general manager LCB – local competitive bidding NESPAK – National Engineering Services Pakistan NHA – National Highway Authority SEIA – summary environmental impact assessment

NOTES

(i) The fiscal year (FY) of the Government and its agencies ends on 30 June. (ii) In this report, “$” refers to US dollars.

CONTENTS

Page MAP

I. INTRODUCTION 1

II. OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT 1

III. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE SECTOR IMPACTS 2

IV. SUMMARY ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE SAMPLE 2 SUBPROJECTS A. Description of the Project 2 B. Description of the Environment 4 C. Alternative Analysis 6 D. Anticipated Environmental Impacts and 7 Mitigation Measures E. Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan 11 F. Benefits and Costs of Remedial Measures 14 G. Public Involvement and Disclosure 14 H. Conclusions and Recommendations 16

V. ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA FOR SUBPROJECT 16

VI. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND REVIEW PROCEDURE 17 A. Environmental Assessment Requirement 17 B. Review Procedure for Environmental Assessment of 17 Subproject and Responsibilities and Authorities C. Environmental Due Diligence to Ensure Compliance with the ADB’s Environmental Policy 18 D. Public Disclosure 19 E. Staffing Requirement and Budget 19

VII. CONCLUSION 19

APPENDIXES 1. Environmental Management Plan for N70 Multan-Muzaffargarh Section 20 2. Environmental Management Plan for N25 Hub-Uthal Section 41 3. Environmental Management Plan for N50 Kuchlak-Zhob Section 63 4. Environmental Monitoring Plan 86

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PAKISTAN SUBREGIONAL TRANSPORT CONNECTIVITY (PAKISTAN) SECTOR PROJECT NATIONAL HIGHWAYS

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- N-5 International Boundary 55 2 Mirau Shah Bannu N- Jhelum Federally Administered Boundaries are not necessarily authoritative. Gujrat Tribal Area . Sialkot R s u Gujranwala d n I . R R. Sheikhupura Dera Ismail m nab u Khan l Che e M-3

h Mughal Kot J Lahore Zhob Faisalabad Shorkot 0 -5 M.K. Bazar Kasur Chamman N PUNJAB R. N vi -2 Ra 5 Okara Qila Saifullah Kot Addu Barkhan Khanozai N-70 Pakpattan Loralai . Quetta Dera Ghazi Khan Multan ej R Wiagum Rud Sutl Lakpass Muzaffargarh Bahawalnagar Nushki Sibi Taftan Rajanpur Dera Bugti Bahawalpur

Kalat N N-5 - N-40 6 5 5 -5 Kharan N Liaqatpur

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A R A B I A N S E A 0 50 100 200

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I. INTRODUCTION

1. This report covers the general assessment of the environmental impacts associated with the proposed subregional transport connectivity sector project in Pakistan, and the summary of the detailed environmental assessment of three sample subprojects: (i) the initial environmental examination (IEE) of the proposed rehabilitation and improvement of national highway N25, section Hub–Uthal, in Balochistan; (ii) the IEE of the proposed rehabilitation and improvement of national highway N50, section Kuchlak–Zhob, in Balochistan; and (iii) the environmental impact assessment (EIA) of the proposed rehabilitation and construction of new bypass at the national highway N70, section Multan–Muzaffargarh, in Punjab. This summary takes into account the consultant’s report on the environmental assessment framework prepared as guidance in addressing environmental impacts of the follow-up subprojects.

2. The project will be implemented by employing a sector loan modality. The three subprojects are sample and/or core projects that will be appraised during project preparation. The overall project falls under category “A” according to the Asian Development Bank (ADB) Environmental Assessment Guidelines (2003). However, some subprojects may be completed with the IEE report.

3. The assessment studies for the two sample subprojects N25 and N50) were carried out from 1 February to 31 March 2005 by a technical staff consultant on behalf of the National Highway Authority (NHA). Studies for N70 were prepared by National Engineering Services Pakistan (NESPAK), a local consulting firm contracted by NHA. The environmental assessment reports were prepared in accordance with laws and regulations of the Government and the Environmental Protection Agency of Pakistan, ADB’s environmental policy, and ADB’s Environmental Assessment Guidelines.

II. OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT

4. The proposed project loan is expected to be the first in a series of ADB interventions focusing on the national highway network and its potential to improve subregional connectivity and economic development. The project is designed to (i) improve road sector efficiency on the main transport corridors in Pakistan; (ii) support subregional development by improving the subregional connectivity aspects of the national highways network; and (iii) institutional capacity building of National Highway Authority. To achieve these objectives, the project will (i) rehabilitate key national highways that are part of the subregional corridor, (ii) support subregional development initiatives, and (iii) strengthen NHA.

5. The rehabilitation of the key national highway component will cover roads selected from the draft medium-term development framework (2005–2010), and any change approved as part of the development framework. The subproject will mostly rehabilitate the road to the standard two- or four-lane dual carriage road. However, some subprojects will build a new bypass. Information is inadequate to determine whether any subproject will pass through or pass by an environmentally sensitive area.

6. The national highway network improvement will include activities associated with provision of parking bay facilities strategically along the project corridors. The parking bay

facilities will provide emergency repairs, accommodation, meals, and prayer facilities to truck drivers and private-vehicle passengers. 7. Institutional strengthening will include (i) enhancing the financing capacity of NHA, (ii) establishing a road safety program as an integral part of NHA operations, and (iii) improving the road maintenance system. Clearly, this component will not involve any physical intervention.

8. On the basis of potential activities of the rehabilitation of key national highways, the project falls under category “A” in accordance with ADB’s Environmental Assessment Guidelines, although some activities will only be completed with IEE reports.

9. NHA will be the Executing Agency. The project will be implemented over 6 years and is expected to be completed by 31 December 2011.

III. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF THE SECTOR

10. With the shortest route from Pakistan to Afghanistan, Central Asia, Xinjiang Province of the People’s Republic of China, and parts of Russia, Pakistan is a potential hub for subregional transport and cross-border trade and commerce. A better national highway network, especially in Punjab and Balochistan provinces, will improve direct connectivity between Pakistan and Iran as well as Afghanistan, and indirect connectivity between these countries, Central Asia, and India through Pakistan. The project will indirectly allow Pakistan to develop and to enhance subregional cooperation.

11. The project, however, will not come without environmental consequences. More traffic will increase traffic accidents, including those involving transportation of hazardous goods, as well as collision with animals. Therefore, road safety will be an integral part of NHA operations, including measures to mitigate environmental impacts. More traffic, including cross-border traffic, and, therefore, more vehicle emissions, will increase air pollution. Since most project areas cover abandoned land and desert, increased vehicle emissions are not expected to have a significant impact on human health. Nonetheless, the increase of potential Green House Gas (GHG) related to increased vehicle emission should not be overlooked. Therefore, NHA will systematically monitor air pollution through the subprojects and do more to reduce GHG emissions nationwide.

12. Locally, the project will have environmental consequences, especially during construction. Therefore, assessment of subproject impacts will be an integral part of project management. The summary environmental assessment of the sample subprojects described in the following section will illustrate the potential environmental impacts, proposed mitigation measures, and how NHA will implement them.

IV. SUMMARY ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE SAMPLE SUBPROJECTS

A. Description of the Project

1. Location of the Subprojects

13. The location and length of the subprojects, totaling about 430 kilometers (km), is shown

in Table 1. The civil works for all subprojects include (i) widening the carriageway to the standard 3 meters (m), (ii) improving or rehabilitating embankments and vertical and horizontal geometry (iii) dismantling some base roads, (iii) reconstructing cross-drainage structures, and (iv) providing auxiliary structures such as bus bays, passenger sheds, and standard road furniture, including proper signage. Two bypasses are planned to ease the congestion in two cities: (i) Muslimbagh on N50 (7.5 km bypass through uninhabited desert), and (ii) Muzaffargarh, on N70 (12.5 km bypass, of which 7.0 km pass through intensively used agriculture land with only few homesteads affected, and 5.5 km pass through public land, mainly sand dunes). Of the three subprojects, only N70 will be constructed as a four-lane dual carriageway, while the others will remain two-lane single carriageways.

Table 1: Basic Information about Subprojects

Name of Length Province District Bypass Carriageway Subproject / (km) Section N25 Hub–Uthal Balochistan Lasbela 86 None 2-lane single, 7.3 m N50 Kuchlak–Zhob Pishin, Qila Muslimbagh 2-lane single, Balochistan 306 Saifullah, Zhob 7.5 km 7.3 m N70 Multan– Multan, Muzaffargarh 4-lane double, Punjab 36 Muzaffargarh Muzaffargarh 15.0 km 7.3 m m = meter Source{s}: The consultant IEE reports for N25 and N50 and EIA for N70

2. Scope and Schedules of Operation

14. The construction time for the longest section (N50, 306 km) is 30 months, while the other subprojects will be completed within 24 months. All works are scheduled to start in 2006. All contracts are subject to international bidding and are likely to provide 8,000–9,500 unskilled jobs, mostly in local communities.

3. Need for the Project

15. The project aims to provide better connectivity within Pakistan as well as with neighboring countries, especially Afghanistan and Iran, and several Central Asian countries. Each subproject is summarized below.

16. N25, Hub–Uthal. The highway linking Pakistan with Iran and Turkey. It is a main artery and will become more important when the Makran coastal highway, which links into this section, is completed. This coastal highway connects the port of Gwadar to the rest of the country, especially Karachi and Quetta. Given the prospective traffic volume to transport goods from this new port to the major trade centers in Karachi, the section between Hub and Uthal needs upgrading to cope with this development.

17. N50, Kuchlak–Zhob. N50 is important in the development of Balochistan, primarily because the transport of agricultural products is the area’s main economic activity. The highway is generally in poor condition and many cross-drainage structures are either dilapidated or dysfunctional. The vertical and horizontal geometry urgently needs improvement, and pavement in many parts of the section is in poor condition and less than 3.5 m. An improved highway, particularly the proposed bypass around the highly congested Muslimbagh, will greatly benefit

the entire region, considerably reducing transport costs and facilitating more efficient movement of passengers and goods.

18. N70, Multan–Muzaffargarh. This national highway connects major urban and economic centers in central and southern Punjab. Inadequate connectivity and access, combined with extreme congestion around Muzaffargarh, impede the Government’s goal of an effective national road network. The improvement to two lanes is expected to minimize major accident risks due to intensive heavy oil tanker traffic.1 Heavy-vehicle traffic must use an inadequate route to avoid the center of Muzaffargarh, taking 3 to 4 hours to cross the town.

B. Description of the Environment

19. The three subprojects vary considerably in physiographic zone, topography, geology, climate, ecology, and socioeconomic conditions. N25 is in an arid, sandy, and almost uninhabited coastal plain. N50 is on a high plateau, equally barren but with rocky lands and few people. N70 is in the Indus Basin, which has fertile flood plains and highly dense urban and rural populations intensively engaged in irrigation culture.

1. N25, Hub–Uthal

20. This road is on the alluvial coastal plains with two major rivers, the Purali and the Vinder. In the first 25 km, originating in the northwest outskirts of Hub, the highway passes through broken sandstone terrain crossed by a number of seasonal dry streams,2 which fill up during winter flash rains. The remaining part of the section lies in desert with sparse shrubs. The climate is hot (up to 45° in the summer) and dry in the winter, but during the monsoon months' humidity rises to 90%. Sand storms are frequent. The Vinder is the only perennial surface water but it dried out during the past year’s prolonged drought. Groundwater is scarce and of poor quality because of salt water intrusion from the coastal zones. The area has a record of seismic acceleration, lying in a moderately active seismic zone.

21. Biological resources are poor because of the lack of habitat variety in the desert. Wildlife is rare except for waterfowl visiting the area to hibernate. Around the alignment are two ecologically sensitive areas: Siranda Lake (5–8 km away, a seasonally appearing brackish water and marshland visited by migratory birds) and Miani Hor (8–11 km away, a shallow lagoon surrounded by dense mangrove stands, and home to two endangered dolphin species). The major tree is the mesquite, an acacia introduced in the late 1950s, which has suppressed almost all indigenous plants. The main vegetation is planted and for agricultural use.

22. The only settlement in the entire stretch is Vinder, whose inhabitants practice small-scale horticulture and seasonal crop culture in the riverbed. Other activities are fish drying on salt- encrusted sediment plains along the highway, fishing in two nearby fishing centers (Sonmiani and Dam, 7 km away), with up to 6,500 fishermen operating there. There are no sites of archaeological, cultural, or tourist significance in the project area.

2. N50, Kuchlak–Zhob

23. This road is in a high-altitude basin (average 1,700 m) surrounded by high mountain ranges. The landscape is generally rugged rocky plain with barely any vegetation. The highway

1 The tankers serve the country’s largest refinery near DG Khan, and the largest light oil filling station near Multan. 2 A small dry stream is known as wadis or nullahs in local language

ascends 72 km from its starting point at Kuchlak, 26 km north of Quetta, to a saddle of 2,260 m altitude, thereafter descending to a plateau until it reaches Zhob 306 km away. This region is highly diverse in its geological and edaphic features, rich in minerals, and highly affected by active and thrust faults. Much of the road is in the direct vicinity of seismic epicenters, and experiences moderate to strong seismic tectonic events. Winters are cold and semiarid with regular snowfall, and summers are mild and dry with average monthly temperatures of 27–30°C. Rainfall is insufficient to support larger vegetation or, local authorities say, to replenish the aquifers overexploited by orchard farmers and tube-well irrigation activities. Two rivers (the Zhob and the Surkhab) run along the alignment. The entire area is crossed by seasonal nullahs, which receive substantial amounts of sheet flow water collected in the mountains and plains during flash rains.

24. Biodiversity is low because of the massive pressure on wild vegetation from overgrazing. All lands are used as range lands by local shepherds and a large number of nomadic tribes traveling from lowland Punjab to the Afghanistan mountain plains. The mountain ranges are refuges for several rare and endangered species, among them the markhor mountain sheep, urial, and gazelles. Two game reserves are in a 5 km vicinity of the alignment on adjacent high mountain ranges.

25. Settlements are few and concentrated where irrigation is available. The orchards (peaches, apricots, apples, cherries, almonds) are the main sources of production. The section has three towns: Muslimbagh, Qila Saifullah, and Zhob. Zhob has an airport for a few domestic destinations. Local industries are mainly mining (mostly chromites) near Muslimbagh. There are no sites of archaeological, cultural, or tourist significance in the immediate vicinity of the alignment.

3. N70, Multan–Muzaffargarh

26. This project area is in the floodplains of the Indus and Chenab rivers. This area is flat and primarily canal-irrigated, with urban settlements. The soils are composed of alluvial deposits, mainly silty sands with clay, while the last parts of the section (km 25–36) are infertile sandy soils. Muzaffargarh experiences high seismic risks. Summers are long and hot (up to 45°C) and winters are mild. Humidity is 55–65%. Dust storms are frequent during summer. Air quality measured3 in January 2005 around the highway indicated that the values for sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide were generally within limits permitted by national environmental quality standards. In some locations, however, the suspended particles (185 µg/m³) significantly exceeded acceptable limits (150 µg/m³) because of the poor condition of the surface and shoulders, and poorly maintained vehicles. Noise levels were measured at similar locations, resulting in decibel (dbA) values of 65–79 in 24 hours. The monitored noise levels persistently exceed, particularly at night, the 75 dbA recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO).

27. The water resources and the hydraulic regime display a highly dynamic pattern, depending on rainfall, replenishment, drought, and extraction from tube wells and irrigation canals. Drinking water quality ranges from acceptable to extremely poor because of salt intrusion. The groundwater level is extremely low (almost close to the surface), causing frequent and widespread waterlogging during sudden and prolonged rains. The Chenab River poses major risks of flooding Multan and Muzaffargarh (as in 1992). During floods, the highway embankment is likely to succumb to severe pressure from flood waters.

3 Nitrogen oxide (NO2,) sulfur dioxide ( SO2 ) , and particulate matter (PM10.)

28. Biodiversity is low due to the absence of natural habitats, a consequence of intensive agricultural land use. No wildlife or vegetation is recorded in the nearby 1–5 km corridor of the alignment. The vegetation consists mainly of crops (wheat, cotton) and fruit trees (mango, date palm, apple, and orange). Both end points of this highway section are densely populated urban centers, which provide a large spectrum of facilities. The most prominent industrial feature is the oil filling station at Nawan Basti near the start point of the subproject, and the thermo-power plant located at km 30. No sites of archaeological, cultural, or tourist significance would be affected by the project.

C. Alternative Analysis

1. The No-Project Alternatives

29. Without the project, highway conditions would continue to deteriorate because of increasing traffic. Traffic congestion would likely increase and people living along the road would suffer from worsening transportation. Ambient levels of traffic-related pollutants and noise in towns traversed by the roads would increase gradually as population and vehicles increase. If the highway remains unimproved, the growing vehicle fleet would further congest already congested Muslimbagh and Muzaffargarh. Travel times and operation and maintenance of transport for goods and passengers would remain at undesirable levels or worsen as the highway continued to deteriorate, intensifying traffic-related environmental impacts. The above analysis shows that for all subprojects, pursuing the proposed plan is the better option.

2. Alternative Road Alignment at Improvement Sites

30. For all three subprojects no alternatives for alignment are to be considered. Most of the proposed activities are exclusively to widen and improve an alignment. In most cases, the horizontal geometry has the desired configuration or requires minor corrections (as in some stretches of N50). Having alternative options for widening would not have any environmental significance in any locality. Minor site-specific choices of widening options may play a role in the N70 project in some instances where built-up structures impede equal widening on both sides of the alignment. The design engineer has already proposed a certain degree of flexibility to minimize project-related impacts on structures and properties.

3. Alternative Alignments for Bypasses

31. Muslimbagh Bypass. The bypass solution north of the town proposed by the former design consultant was carefully analyzed during the study, particularly taking into account the topography, landownership, and the opinion of some 120 stakeholders consulted in public meetings. The analysis showed that the former solution had several disadvantages—economic, traffic-related, and environmental: it would (i) result in undesirable configuration and geometry; (ii) involve much higher costs, requiring substantial hill cuts; (iii) lead close to the dam of a highly sensitive public water retention pond; and (iv) largely use land owned, administered, and built up by the military. The conclusion that this alternative should be ruled out is widely shared by local stakeholders, including military officials. The environment consultant therefore explored, together with the design engineer, another bypass corridor (7.5 km) to the south of Muslimbagh, which resulted in almost-ideal conditions in terms of (i) minimizing land acquisition, (ii) causing no resettlement, (iii) affecting no environmental values or posing air or noise pollution to adjacent settlement, (iv) being more conducive to the geometric solution, and (v) being

substantially more economical as it would be constructed in flat desert where only two small nullahs and one canal need to be bridged.

32. Muzaffargarh Bypass. In 1996, NESPAK recommended a 20 km northern bypass around Muzaffargarh. The choice of alignment was based on the following considerations: (i) to provide a bund as flood protection for the town4, and (ii) to provide ample room for expansion of the urban area northward. Screening an alternative shorter alignment for cost considerations was not given sufficient weight at that time. In February 2005, NESPAK was requested by the NHA to consider alternatives. The environment consultant helped acquire and analyze a 2.5 m resolution satellite image of the area and explored the possibility of identifying a new corridor with a significantly shorter (8 km) bypass, with both endpoints moved closer to the town center. The newly explored corridor is under detailed survey. Land acquisition (agriculture land and one fish culture pond) is expected to be required for the first 11 km, while the remaining 4 km would lead to public uninhabited and unused land composed of sand dunes. The impact on structures and homes (requiring resettlement) is expected to be minimal.

4. Alternative Transport Modes

33. The N25 and N50 subprojects have no alternative means to road transport because of the lack of railway links, navigable waterways, and airports.

34. The N70 subproject has alternatives to road transport, such as railway links, seasonally navigable waterways, and airports. However, these transport modes are unsuitable for the volume of passengers and goods and for demand to transport them by road. The transport of petrol and light oil between the oil refinery at D.G. Khan and Nawan Basti Shaifan Wallah filling station is affected by road and rail tankers.

D. Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

1. Impacts Related to Design and Location

a. N25, Hub–Uthal

35. Taking into account the sparse population, the absence of marked agriculture activities and vegetation, the absence of surface water, the low groundwater table, the absence of ecologically sensitive areas in the immediate vicinity of the project corridor, no major impacts were identified, since the entire project will use the existing alignment. Widening to standard width will, in most cases, only involve a physical interference up to 3 m from the existing shoulder. Widening could interfere with local business only in Vinder. Valuable or planted vegetation along the entire road corridor would not be affected. Two localities (school, madrasa) have been identified as sensitive to noise interference, and hedges should be planted as noise barriers. Water stagnation is not a risk in the desert. Borrow material excavation, however, could mar the landscape. The environmental management plan (EMP) ensures that this will be properly managed.

36. Sudden and exceptionally strong flash rains can considerably damage regional roads. Guided by recent and substantial road damage in the region, the designers will recalculate the strength and protective parameters for all structures and embankments. Other natural impacts

4 This argument has been discarded because a large number of culverts must be built in this area, which is prone to waterlogging.

on the project are caused by drift sands and the development of dunes (observed up to 1.5 m), migrating at an almost perpendicular angle to the alignment. The sand partly and temporarily covers the carriageway, often completely choking cross-drainage structures. Remedial measures include (i) designing the embankment to a level so that less sand is deposited on the pavement, (ii) considering the planting of sand-dune stabilizing shrubs that are not palatable to grazers, and (iii) install warning signs to raise the driver’s attention and to reduce speed along stretches where drift sand impacts are likely to occur. Finally, the design of structures will take the seismic acceleration risks into account.

b. N50, Kuchlak–Zhob

37. Taking into account the sparse population, the absence of major vegetation (apart from irrigated orchard farms), the absence of surface waters, the low groundwater table, and the absence of ecologically sensitive areas in the immediate vicinity of the project corridor, no major impacts caused by project location were identified, since the entire project will use the existing alignment. The same holds true for the location of the Muslimbagh bypass, where no environmental impacts are foreseen as it passes entirely through uninhabited desert. Widening to standard width will, in most cases, only involve a physical interference up to 3 m from the existing shoulder. The only locality where such widening could interfere with local business is in the immediate vicinity of towns and some villages along the highway. The project hardly involves the removal of any significant vegetation, but if so, for each tree cut, two of similar quality will be planted. Water stagnation is not a risk in the desert.

38. All design solutions need to take the high seismic acceleration risks into account. Flash floods and massive sheet flows running over the rocky plains particularly need to be mitigated. A total of 109 causeways, posing major obstacles and safety risks, will be replaced by bridges or culverts to allow all-weather safe driving conditions. Noise control measures in built-up areas are of less concern because high mud walls encircle private compounds and are ideal barriers against traffic noise.

39. Borrow material excavation may mar the landscape if not properly managed. However, given the abundance of suitable sub-grade material there is little likelihood of such impacts.

c. N70, Multan–Muzaffargarh

40. Permanent adverse impacts affecting primarily the socioeconomic setting will result from duplication and widening of the carriageway to standard width. Except on public land (e.g., km 25–36), this will require land acquisition and removal of structures within the right-of-way, particularly in the new Muzaffargarh bypass alignment. Remedial measures will substantially focus on (i) an inventory of affected properties, (ii) a survey of project-affected owners, (iii) establishment of the compensation framework, and (iv) implementation of the compensation and resettlement plan. As soon as the alignment is fixed, the design concept foresees a detailed survey carried out by a sociologist–resettlement specialist on the social and economic consequences of land acquisition, and identification of all project-affected structures, assets, and production eligible for compensation. Land acquisition may result, among others, in permanent loss of an irreplaceable natural resource5 and of agricultural production, and loss of livelihood for landowners, sharecroppers, mortgagees, tenants, and agricultural laborers who live off the project-affected land. Other likely impacts include disruption of family life and loss of property on

5 The pre-inventory of NESPAK identified the cutting of 1,382 trees and 3,000 shrubs along the proposed alignment. This inventory needs to be updated during the preparation of the detail design study.

the project-affected land, or the need to rebuild the homestead. To mitigate these potential impacts, a land acquisition plan and a resettlement action plan will guarantee full and fair compensation payment to all eligible project-affected persons. 41. Long-term environmental impacts may result from the location of the new embankment in areas subject to seasonal waterlogging. A high embankment may interfere with agricultural and irrigation schemes if no proper cross-drainage is planned. The reconstruction of embankments and construction of most bridges and culverts will need temporary land acquisition for diversions to permit uninterrupted traffic flow. More land may be required at the site of major structures as storage or steel assembly areas. Contractors normally negotiate their own arrangements with landowners to use land for diversions and additional space.

42. The location of work campsites and borrow pits may have various environmental impacts and mar the landscape if not properly selected and managed. Contractors’ base camps are expected to require varied areas. Internationally recruited contractors need large (up to 3 ha) areas that can temporarily house up to 500 people. Base camps will include offices, plant yards, workshops, laboratories, materials storage and refueling areas, access roads, etc. The lease of borrow sites may also have a number of temporary impacts, from land-use conflicts, waterlogging, and erosion, to public health and safety concerns. Land will be needed for temporary use as road diversions during construction. Remedial measures will include a number of provisions to be included in the contractor’s contracts, as explained in the EMP.

43. Key adverse impacts of this subproject include a significant risk of soil and groundwater pollution caused by heavy traffic of petrol tankers6 (1,500–1,800 per day) up and down the new highway section. The worst scenario is the collision of two oil tankers, spilling up to 80,000 liters of hydrocarbons on the highway and/or the embankment, causing serious risk of infiltrating either highly permeable or impermeable soils. If the soil is highly permeable, the shallow groundwater and irrigation network would be polluted, with major long-term consequences for public health, land use, agricultural production, and regional economic development. If the soil is highly impermeable, large amounts of oil patches may develop in surface depressions, causing threats to public health, land-use conflicts, sludge disposal problems, nuisance, and loss of landscape values. Discussions were held with the design engineers to choose feasible and economic technical solutions to mitigate and minimize the identified risks.

44. As in many parts of Pakistan, a new bypass may encourage encroachment and ribbon development, along the new road,7 congesting the roads and causing traffic bottlenecks and safety hazards. Remedial measures are included in the EMP.

2. Impacts Related to Construction

45. The anticipated impacts of road construction are almost similar for all three subprojects. Except for the N-50 subproject, which operates in hilly stretches that may need blasting, the use of dynamite is not foreseen, and control blasting will be adopted. However, safeguard measures have been put in place to avoid environmental and other hazards of using dynamite. Although balance cut and fill will be adopted, the contractor will also be required to submit a plan for disposing of excess cutting materials; dumping them in the down-slope area without stabilization measures is not permitted.

6 Each tanker with a carrying capacity of 40,000 liters of light crude oil. 7 An example is the bypass around Manserah on N35, which has lost its original purpose while being heavily encroached on.

46. The most common problems during construction are those associated with the siting of work camps, vehicle parking lots, and material stacks. Contractor camps will not be allowed near settlements as their activities cause competition for local resources, ambient air pollution and noise, public health and public and labor safety problems, social tensions, and disputes over a number of conflicting issues, all of which are addressed in the EMP.

47. The bulk of anticipated impacts during this project phase are of an adverse but temporary nature—most if not all subject to mitigation measures. In all cases, the identified impacts are localized in a small corridor adjacent to construction and haulage sites. All the normal preventive measures such as routine maintenance of machinery, sprinkling of water, and scheduling of project activities have been proposed to minimize the impact on air and noise quality during construction. The EMPs indicate that all identified impacts and respective mitigation measures are incorporated in the tender and contract documents, while the main task of the supervision consultant is to monitor the contractor’s compliance with these clauses.

48. Benefits from construction are up to 9,500 temporary jobs for the local, mostly poor, people. Given the low population density and scarce sources of additional income, the local economy will particularly benefit. Labor-intensive construction methods will be adopted to create as many jobs as possible, reduce rural poverty, and develop new skills that can be used in future projects. Local shopkeepers and restaurants will have more business from meeting construction workers’ needs and providing supplementary services.

3. Impacts Related to the Operational Phase

49. After completion of construction, the improved highway may cause several adverse impacts in the subproject areas. The highway is designed to generate high operating speeds and higher vehicular densities, which will invariably lead to speeding. Increased traffic volume will affect public health and the quality of life. Such adverse impacts, if not properly addressed, will include (i) deterioration of ambient air8 quality, (ii) increase in noise levels and vibration, (iii) increase in accidents and spills of and contamination by hazardous materials such as oil, and (iv) creation of hazardous and undesired habitats such as abandoned borrow pits. However, the construction of the Muzaffargarh bypass will also reduce the noise in the town, which exceeds 75 dbA. Other concerns relate to accidents due to wildlife collisions and exploitation, and sudden sand storms and flash floods. Remedial measures for each issue were elaborated, including, among others, (i) regular monitoring of ambient air quality and noise levels, and corrective measures as required (speed limits, noise barriers, etc.); (ii) safety audits and proper signage, awareness campaigns, and law enforcement; (iii) elaboration of contingency plans in case of major accidents involving road blockage, soil and groundwater contamination, flood damage, earthquake damage, etc.; and (iv) rehabilitation measures for abandoned borrow pits, such as turning them into fish culture ponds.

50. Highway development generally threatens the traditional lifestyle in formerly remote areas. Road and highway development brings increased economic opportunities but also negative socioeconomic changes such as higher prices for amenities and land and the spread of communicable diseases. New bypasses and improved road connections attract new settlements, resulting in induced ribbon developments, which ultimately result in slump populations without supportive infrastructure, thereby becoming traffic bottlenecks that threaten

8 The scope of this IEE did not provide for first-hand measuring air quality and noise level parameters; therefore, secondary information and tests are cited to assess comparable situations. However, for the EIA, water and air samples were taken to get the picture of the air and water quality condition of the project area.

road safety. Remedial measures include law enforcement against encroachment on the right-of- way, public awareness campaigns using the initiatives of locally operating nongovernment organizations (NGOs), and proper highway management. 51. All three subprojects are believed to bring a number of benefits, which are highly appreciated by local communities. For example, tree plantations within the right-of-way will serve multiple functions—beautifying the landscape; absorbing emissions; and providing timber, fodder, and habitat. Embankment plantations will contain soil erosion and act as primary buffers and absorbents in case of accidents resulting in oil and other spills. The shrubs planted to stabilize sand dunes contribute to road safety as well as enrich the desert habitat.

52. Based on ADB’s experience in India and Pakistan,9 road improvement projects have, in the long run, helped reduce poverty and improve local socioeconomic conditions. The proposed project will directly reduce poverty by lowering the costs of transport for the poor traveling to work, markets, clinics, and schools. The public will benefit from the road safety awareness programs proposed to be incorporated in the project design. The public and all road users will highly benefit from the new bypasses around congested Muslimbagh and Muzaffargarh.

E. Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan

1. Environmental Management Plan

53. The EMPs for all three subprojects describe detailed remedial and safeguard measures for all potential impacts identified during the assessment studies. The EMPs aim to ensure that adverse impacts associated with the project are addressed at any stage, either by preventing them or by mitigating them to an acceptable level by adopting the most suitable technical and economic option. Where possible and applicable, the EMPs provide for in-kind compensation for lost or damaged environmental resources and private and public assets. All efforts will be made to ensure that local values and cultural and religious sensitivities are respected. All subproject plans strictly adhere to national laws and environmental standards and regulations. All remedial environmental management measures for each subproject are detailed in tabular matrixes in Appendixes 1–3, describing mitigation, location, time duration, and institutional actions as well as supervision responsibilities to be followed during project design, construction, and operation.

54. The EMPs recommend maintaining the current road alignments, and providing for efficient drainage networks, retaining structures, various anti-erosion measures, particularly for cross-drainage structures, including gabions, stone-pitching, wing wall protection, and biological control measures such as revegetation of embankment slopes using soil-binding plants. Emphasis is on engineering solutions for bridges and culverts while addressing (i) the hydraulic regime when flash floods transform the dry nullahs into torrents, and (ii) the tectonic faults and seismic risk that need to be taken into account for structure stability design and choice of materials. In built-up areas, care is taken to maintain the integrity of protecting walls (e.g., at orchards adjacent to the right-of-way) and to rehabilitate or, if necessary, construct new roadside canals to drain storm waters. If the construction of both new bypasses is deviated because of changes in the detail design, the following measures need to be adopted: the NHA has to consult potential project-affected people in preparing the final alignment to know their concerns and to address them; (ii) the NHA should submit to ADB the final detail design with the final alignment; and (iii) ADB, in close consultation with the NHA, will decide whether an

9 ADB, 2000. Technical Assistance for Assessing the Impact of Transport and Energy Infrastructure on Poverty Reduction. Manila (RETA 5947).

additional environmental assessment study needs to be carried out. Similar approaches have to be carried out for construction of parking facilities.

55. The EMPs take care of the location of construction camps, placing and the operation schedule of equipment, use of borrow sites, procurement and excavation methods, and rehabilitation measures after completion of works. Similarly, all issues related to water use by the contractors for either construction or consumption is addressed to avoid any conflict with local resource users. Waste management prescriptions are also described.

56. Safety measures represent a major element throughout the EMPs, including design solutions, traffic signs, solutions for temporary diversions, and special protection actions for sensitive locations. Due to the peculiar climatic and soil conditions (high wind speeds and sandy soils constantly shifted toward the road), locally confined dune stabilization measures are proposed. On certain stretches, environmental enhancement measures (such as roadside planting and embankment vegetation) are proposed to fulfill multiple functions such as controlling erosion, protecting shoulders, controlling emissions, maintaining roadside safety, absorbing traffic-induced emissions, and beautifying the landscape.

57. As for impact mitigation measures during construction, the EMPs detail which aspects and clauses need to be included in the contractor’s documents to enable and facilitate compliance monitoring.

2. Environmental Monitoring Plan

58. An environmental monitoring plan for the subproject is prepared to (i) check whether the mitigation and enhancement measures are adequate and effective, and whether all activities carried out during construction comply with Iegal and community obligations, including safety and health concerns; (ii) provide the means to address unforeseen and uncertain impacts when the EMP is prepared; and (iii) provide inputs to improve the planning and execution of similar future highway projects. Two monitoring approaches will be adopted as part of project implementation: (i) compliance monitoring, which checks whether the actions proposed by the EMP have been carried out, by visual observation, photographic documentation, and the use of checklists prepared in the EMP; and (ii) effects monitoring, which records the consequences of program activities on the biophysical and social environment; as applicable, these effects are repeatedly measured by applying selected indicators. The overall environmental monitoring will be carried out by contracted independent laboratories and/or by the environmental expert employed by the supervision consultant for all three subprojects. The monitoring of the implementation of the EMP should be documented and semiannual report submitted to ADB.

59. The environmental monitoring plans for each subproject are detailed in Appendixes 1–4. The plans define the monitoring mechanism and identify a set of verifiable monitoring parameters, and a detailed schedule for sampling specific environmental parameters 10 at predefined locations. The schedule and selection of sample sites have been developed in view of (i) logistic conditions, (ii) importance and relevance of parameter and likelihood of environmental implications, and (iii) locations that may experience different intensities of impact at certain periods during construction and operation. As applicable, all tested parameters will be analyzed in relation to the permissible standards set out in the national environmental quality

10 Water quality tests (eight parameters), ambient air (five parameters), noise (dbA) at different distances, and visual Inspections of plantations, drainage structures, soil, and other resources likely to be contaminated.

standard (NEQS). Suitable verification indicators will also be subject to the training activities proposed in the task of the supervision consultant.

3. Authorities and Implementation Responsibilities

60. The EMPs identify the institutional linkage and responsible parties to implement each action, particularly compliance control and communication of the planned and ongoing activities to the communities. Key players for efficient and timely implementation of the EMPs and their respective responsibilities are summarized in Table 2.

Table 2: Key Institutions and their Responsibilities to Implement the EMPs

Relation to Agency/Person Main Function Additional Responsibilities project stage NHA–GM Planning Project proponent Hiring contractors, description and Throughout the and implementing awarding of contracts, setting penalties for project’s life agency, overall noncompliance coordination NHA–Project Director Technical project Support by deputy project coordinators at Construction administration each subproject site to oversee phase construction activities and assist in compliance monitoring NHA–Director Ensuring all Oversee inclusion of environmental Pre-design and Environment environmental safeguard clauses to be incorporated in supervision compliances, review contracts for each subproject; period of compliance reports Assist in compliance monitoring Forward compliance reports to EPAs Initiate elaboration of environmental contingency plans Supervision Consultanta Assist in preparation Ensure incorporation of environmental Supervision of tendering safeguard clauses in contracts, prepare period documents detailed work plan for environ- (30–36 months) mental management and monitoring, reporting and liaison with line agencies and NGOs, conducting workshops and environmental training upon request Environmental Protection Administering Issuing of environmental clearance Permanent Agency/ Federal and environmental legal certificates mandate Provincial Level matters, review of General supervision of all project-related IEE/EIAs environmental matters Forest and Wildlife Maintenance and Wildlife protection, administering protected Permanent Department planting of roadside areas, issuing of licenses for special uses mandate trees of forest lands and reserves Local Authorities local administrative Contingency planning, law and order Permanent matters and public coordination, land-use rights, control of mandate services illegal encroachment, safe waste disposal, resolving social conflicts National Highway and Control and Law and order enforcement, vehicle Permanent Motorway Police management of control, resolving encroachment issues mandate highway traffic and social conflicts NGOs and CBOs Various social and Public health and awareness programs, As per mandate environmental environmental checks, poverty reduction program activities programs, etc. a International consulting firm, contracted by NHA, which will provide an environmental expert leading all environmental supervision tasks, and a resident engineer responsible for day-to-day supervision for all technical activities. Source{s}: Consultant IEE Reports for N25 and N50, and EIA report for N70

F. Benefits and Costs of Remedial Measures

1. Benefits

61. The main benefits resulting from the proposed projects are associated with improvement of highway road conditions and construction of bypasses around congested cities, leading to time and fuel savings. Some non-quantified benefits of mitigation measures are better vegetation cover after replanting; control of air, noise, and water pollution; and rehabilitation of borrow areas.

2. Cost of Mitigative Measures

62. Most of the technical measures proposed to mitigate adverse environmental impacts are related to the need to cope with natural phenomena that affect the subprojects’ physical structures. Most of the measures include additional cross-drainage structures to cope with flash rains and sheet flows, or to match the engineering requirements to withstand calculated wind speeds and seismic acceleration. All these costs are incorporated in the overall project costs. The contract costs for the supervision consultant, who will field an environment expert to oversee EMP implementation, will equally be borne by the overall project costs.

63. Costs directly related to the implementation of the EMP, as for roadside and trial plantations for different purposes, and for compliance and effect monitoring activities, are as follows:

(i) N25 Subproject: Investment and recurrent costs Rs7,150,000 Environmental enhancement and training Rs1,320,000 Monitoring (incl. Contingencies 5%) Rs3,173,100 Total Rs12,843,100

(ii) N50 Subproject: Investment and recurrent costs Rs13,210,000 Environmental enhancement and training Rs2,520,000 Monitoring (incl. Contingencies 5%) Rs13,801,200 Total Rs31,931,200

(iii) N70 Subproject: Investment and recurrent costs Rs6,000,000 Environmental enhancement and training Rs1,320,000 Monitoring (incl. Contingencies 5%) Rs3,173,100 Total Rs11,639,100 64. The total cost estimate for implementing the EMPs for all three subprojects amounts to Rs56,413,400 ($956,160), some of which will be part of the construction costs. All costs will be in local currency. Half of this budget will be required at the start of each subproject.

G. Public Involvement and Disclosure

65. Informal ad hoc meetings, interviews, and formal stakeholders’ consultation meetings were organized during the environmental assessment studies. A total of 378 persons have been interviewed in the three subprojects. Stakeholders—from government officials to a broad variety

of local people and road users—were consulted to identify their concerns, apprehensions, and opinions, as well as to understand the perceptions of the subprojects of people living in the areas affected.

66. Results. The topics discussed during the public consultation were highly diverse, ranging from water resources, and means of subsistence, to wildlife, forests and trees, fuelwood, and purely private interests. Many stakeholders asked how to solve road construction and traffic-related issues such as disruption of social life, nuisance, accident risks, disturbance of roadside business, and cultural and other conflicts with migrant workers. Depending on landownership, some people were concerned about loss of property and fair and timely compensation. Some commented on problems that could emerge once the project is completed, such as accidents due to speeding and dust storms. Effectiveness and transparency of law enforcement (e.g., for violating driving regulations) were also mentioned. Most concerns related to impacts and nuisance expected from construction, waste management, dust control, and proper planning and management of diversion roads. Some people suggested building high anti-noise walls on both sides of the highway passing through the built-up areas. A few apprehensions related to social conflicts with the large influx of foreign workers.

67. A number of concrete proposals were forwarded relating to the project design, such as provision of sufficient drainage structures; special paths for bicycles, rickshaws, and pedestrians; and bus bays with passenger shelters and toilet facilities. The public consultation also indicated that the area is prone to accidents involving heavy vehicles, and valuable comments were received on how to mitigate these risks (e.g., strong guardrails along identified black spots). A few were concerned about potential changes in their suburban setting and community life, mainly because the new highway would increase locally air pollution and noise levels. Some shopkeepers said that planting noise-absorbing vegetation would hinder their economic activities. At best, they agreed to the planting of hedges in sensitive spots such as hospitals, mosques, schools, and madrasas. Most, however, emphasized stronger measures to ban the excessive use of pressure horns in built-up areas.

68. For N70, people potentially affected by the construction of the Muzaffargarh bypass were consulted in Gujja Basti village. Their concerns mostly focused on adequate and timely compensation. During the preparation of detail design, further consultation will be held and reported. The public generally had a highly positive attitude toward the subprojects. People interviewed unanimously welcomed bypasses N50 and N70, expecting that they would ease their lives and contribute to economic growth in the region. Most agreed that the benefits of the improved highways would far exceed the negative impacts, or that some losses needed to be accepted to accommodate the public’s needs.

69. All project-related findings and feasible measures proposed during the public consultation have been fully taken into account in developing the mitigation and monitoring activities outlined in the EMP.

70. The result of this public consultation will be communicated, through submission of the respective IEE and EIA reports, to the provincial EPA. According to its own regulatory requirements, the EPA is likely to hold its own mandatory public hearings and publish a 30-days’ notice for public hearing in the national and local newspapers before providing environmental clearance, especially for activities involving N50 and N70. Therefore, environmental clearance should be obtained by NHA from the relevant EPA before starting any civil works for N50 and N70. In the hearing as part of public consultation to obtain environmental clearance, the public

will be informed of the proposed remedial measures to take their concerns into account, and how these measures will be embedded in the project’s administration and implementation. The public will also be informed by the same authority of notification procedures and the individual’s right to forward complaints, and how these will be addressed by setting up a grievance redress and monitoring office.

H. Conclusions and Recommendations

71. The set of mitigation measures described in the EMP is believed to be adequate. Therefore, detailed technical design structures must be incorporated into it. The identified adverse environmental impacts during the rehabilitation and improvement works, including the bypass, are believed to be mitigable to acceptable levels. For the three subprojects, the expected long-term economic, social, and environmental benefits will far exceed the adverse impacts, most of which will be temporary and of a magnitude that can be mitigated or set off.

72. The recommended remedial measure for emergencies likely to occur in all three subprojects—oil spillage after a major tanker accident, flood, earthquake, landslide, or avalanche—is the elaboration of comprehensive site-specific contingency plans. The communication and response system in these areas should be improved to minimize the response time, while the local authorities with other relevant agencies mobilize their resources. The emergency plans need to incorporate swift and efficient public information channels to cooperate with rescue and other response measures. The provincial EPAs, together with the director for the environment of NHA, will put these contingency plans in place.

73. Most impacts associated with construction are temporary. The predicted adverse impacts will be minimized and reduced by implementing the prescribed mitigation measures and will be continually monitored by implementing and updating the EMP.

74. Parking facilities component was included in the project at the loan fact-finding mission and therefore, was not included in the scope of the EIA/IEEs for the sample subprojects. Exact location and design have not been identified yet. Therefore, environmental assessment for the component should be done after the identification of the component at the detail design study stage. For the follow up subprojects, environmental assessment for parking facilities will be carried out as a part of subproject component. For these three sample subprojects, an additional environmental assessment including EMP for the construction of parking facilities need to be carried out during detail design study.

V. ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA FOR SUBPROJECT

75. Considering the potential environmental impacts of the sample subprojects and potential impacts associated with construction of parking facilities of border trade facilities, the following criteria will be adopted for selection of the follow-up subprojects:

(i) The subprojects shall only be selected from the NHA’s priority roads as part of the project. (ii) The subprojects shall only involve legal activities. (iii) The subproject should not pass through the core zone or, as much as possible, include any stretch that passes through any multifunction zone or buffer zone of designated wild-life sanctuaries, national parks, and other sanctuaries.

(iv) The subproject should as much as possible not include any stretch passing through any area that is ecologically sensitive and significant as recognized by the Government or any area that is internationally significant (such as protected wetland designated by the Wetland Convention). (v) The subproject should as much as possible not include any stretch that passes through any cultural heritage designated by the Government or by international agencies such as UNESCO. (vi) Parking facilities, which will be used to accommodate rest area for heavy vehicle, should not be located nearby residential areas.11

VI. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND REVIEW PROCEDURE

A. Environmental Assessment Requirement

76. Taking into account the potential impacts related with the subproject; ADB’s environmental assessment guidelines; and Pakistan Environmental Assessment Guidelines and Regulations, based on the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act (1997), the subprojects will be classified by adopting the following environmental classification: (i) Subprojects will be categorized as “A”, requiring an EIA, including an EMP, if (a) the subproject requires complex mitigation measures, which need to be prepared through an in-depth assessment of the impacts and need a detailed study to prepare mitigation measures; (b) the subproject will have an impact on the ecologically sensitive area by passing through a multizone or buffer zone or less than 500 m from any wildlife sanctuaries, national parks, other sanctuaries, or areas recognized by the Government or are of international significance (such as protected wetland designated by the Wetland Convention) or any cultural heritage designated by UNESCO; and

(c) the subproject will establish a bypass or the realignment will pass through any ecologically sensitive areas (hilly or mountainous forested area, wetlands, nearby estuarine or other ecologically important areas) or if impact is expected to be significant.

(ii) Subprojects will be categorized as “B,” requiring an IEE, including an EMP, if the they require mitigation measures that can be easily identified, implemented, and managed, to be integrated into project implementation and operation.

B. Review Procedure for Environmental Assessment of Subproject and Responsibilities and Authorities

77. To prepare the follow-up subprojects and to comply with ADB’s environmental safeguard policy and the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, NHA and ADB agreed on the following:

11 This special criteria is applied also for selecting location of parking facilities of these three sample subprojects, as environmental impact assessment studies for these sample subprojects will be carried out separately at the detail design study stage.

(i) NHA will take the following responsibilities:

(a) Prepare an environmental screening checklist and classified the subprojects. (b) Based on the environmental classification of the subprojects, prepare the terms of reference to conduct an IEE or EIA study. (c) Hire an environmental consultant to prepare an IEE or EIA report, including an EMP, and SEIA for public disclosure. (d) Undertake an initial review of the IEE and summary IEE or EIA and SEIA. (e) Submit the IEE or EIA report and the review form to ADB as part of the approval of subproject. (f) Obtain Government permits (such as environmental clearance, Non- Objection Certificate (NOC), forest clearance, and water board clearance). (g) Ensure that all regulatory clearances are obtained before starting civil works for the subproject. (h) Submit to ADB the IEE and summary IEE or EIA and SEIA as well as all the required Government clearances. (i) Ensure that the required mitigation measures during construction are included in the bidding document. (j) Ensure that contractors have access to the EIA or IEE and EMP report of the subproject. (k) Ensure that an environmental management and monitoring plan, including all proposed mitigation measures, are properly implemented. (l) Monitor the implementation of environmental management plan and present it in the environmental monitoring report. (m) In case unpredicted environmental impacts occur during project implementation, provide and implement an environmental emergency program. (n) In case a subproject needs to have its alignment changed or its environmental classification reconfirmed, review it to determine whether a supplementary IEE or EIA study is required. If it is required, prepare the terms of reference for undertaking a supplementary IEE or EIA and hire an environment consultant to carry out the study. (o) Submit the semiannual report on implementing the EMP and Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMoP) to include an implementation environmental emergency program, if any, to the Pakistan EPA and to ADB.

(ii) ADB will take the following responsibilities:

(a) Review the IEE or EIA report as a basis to issue the subproject’s approval. (b) Monitor the implementation of the EMP and due diligence as part of overall project review mission.

C. Environmental Due Diligence to Ensure Compliance with the ADB’s Environmental Policy

78. NHA should ensure that ADB can undertake environmental due diligence for all subprojects. However, NHA has the main responsibility for undertaking environmental due diligence and monitoring the implementation of environmental mitigation measures for all

subprojects. The due diligence report as well as monitoring implementation of the environmental management plan needs to be documented systematically.

D. Public Disclosure

79. NHA and ADB agree that in disclosing the environmental document to the public, (i) NHA is responsible for ensuring that all environmental assessment documentation, including the environmental due diligence and monitoring reports, are properly and systematically kept as part of an NHA project-specific record; (ii) all environmental documents are subject to public disclosure, and therefore should be made available to public, if requested; and (iii) for category- A subprojects, the SEIA needs to be disclosed to the public through NHA and ADB’s websites 120 days before civil works start. The SEIA has to be reviewed by ADB before it is disclosed to the public.

E. Staffing Requirement and Budget

80. NHA has an environment adviser at the Office of the Member Planning. The adviser, under the direct guidance of the Member of Planning, will ensure that the environmental assessment and review framework are strictly implemented. Environment consultants will be hired to (i) prepare IEEs and EIAs for the follow-up subprojects, and (ii) supervise the implementation of mitigation measures as well as the EMP. NHA’s responsibility for environmental monitoring and monitoring of EMP implementation will be outsourced. However, the semiannual report on implementing the EMP will be prepared by the environmental adviser of NHA.

81. The project costs have incorporated a budget and resource need to (i) implement the environmental review procedure, (ii) undertake the IEE and EIA study for the follow-up subprojects, (iii) monitor the implementation of the mitigation measures and EMP, and (iv) undertake environmental monitoring.

VII. CONCLUSION

82. The potential environmental impacts generated by the subprojects are expected to be manageable. However, EMP implementation needs to be monitored continuously, and the semiannual report on EMP implementation submitted to ADB and the relevant Government agencies.

83. The environmental assessment and review framework have been formulated to ensure that the project will be implemented in accordance with ADB’s and the Government’s environmental policies.

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR N70 MULTAN - MUZAFFARGARH SECTION 20

Activities Environmental a Institutional Responsibility 1 Appendix Proposed Reference to Approximate Mitigation and Actions Issue/ Contract Timeframe b Mitigation Measures Location Budget Implementation Supervision Component Document (will be

updated during the detail design)

A. DESIGN AND PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE A.1. ALIGNMENT and SHOULDER WIDTH OPTIONS A.1.1. Hindrance of In built-up areas, apply as feasible some flexibility Possibly only throughout Technical NHA/ENV/ Formation market oppor- in widening on one side only in few built-up project life Design RE width in built- tunities, Incorporate technical design features that allows areas; Engineer up areas loading and flexible shoulder width in towns vending Explore the incorporation of additional parking lots in towns activities and bus bays - ditto - A.1.2. Land Loss of homes, Minimize land acquisition wherever possible In built-up & observe Resettlement NHA acquisition assets and Provide adequate compensation based on crop lands prescribed Expert land resettlement plan notification A.2. SAFETY A.2.1. Uneasy traffic Improve road geometry Applies for all throughout Technical NHA/ENV/ Design flow, Provide markings for centre and edge lines and built-up areas project life Design RE highway to congestions stop lines at junctions and bus stops on entire Engineer standards and undesired All signs, markings and bridge plates must be alignment with special encounters reflectorized reference to with slow traffic Improve junction and flyover layouts local dangers and In built-up areas, incorporate service lane and pedestrians; crossings for pedestrians as feasible Hazardous bus, taxi and rickshaw bays in built-up areas driving Warning signage where drift sands occur conditions due Prevent farmer vehicles crossing the highway (e.g. to livestock continual guardrails) and provide sufficiently crossing and dimensioned culverts for passage through drift sands. highway alignment

a Applicable legal references will be added once the contract documentation is under preparation. b Details on budget, calculation assumptions and breakdown of costs, see Section 5 of the IEIA Report, Tab. 2.

subsequent fenced separator/ retention ponds accidents environmental Elaboration of contingency plan entire project Env./NHA Local hazards - ditto - Local Gvt Govt. and EPA A.3. STRUCTURES A.3.1. Flash flows Adequately design cross-sections of drainage throughout throughout Technical NHA/ENV/ Location in may damage structures based on hydraulic studies, taking Project project life Design RE area with structures or regional/local lessons learned into consideration Corridor Engineer strong sheet cause drainage Protective measures against scour problems at and flash problems in bridges and culverts (gabions at abutments, flow risks urban areas retaining- and wingwalls, aprons for culverts); rip- - ditto - rap and/or, as applicable, additional planting with soil-stabilizing shrubs and grasses In built-up areas, provide sufficient sizing of drains, possibly install small check dams to reduce - ditto - velocity of water flow.

All structures will be constructed with reasonable

safety against seismic acceleration - ditto - A.3.2. Drift sands and Design standards of structures to withstand wind Applicable Shortly Trial and NHA EPA Location in storm gusts velocities of 130 km/hr, including the consideration mainly before enhance- NHA area subject causing obstruc- of longitudinal forces. between km commence ment plan- Mainte- to dust and tion and risks for stabilizing aeolic sediments (non-palatable to 25 and 36 ment ting budget SC/ENV nance sand storms for driving grazers) test planting of scrubs next to EMP embankment Plan for regular road maintenance during season

with high incidents of dust storms Appendix1

Activities Environmental a Institutional Responsibility 22 Proposed Reference to Approximate Mitigation and Actions Issue/ Contract Timeframe b Mitigation Measures Location Budget Implementation Supervision Component Document 1 Appendix (will be updated during the detail design)

A.3.3. Seismic Adequately design all structures based on throughout throughout Technical NHA Location in activities may material/ construction studies that take into Project project life Design area with damage account activities up to the seismic scales Corridor Engineer strong structures indicated in the seismicity maps. seismicity Seismic loads for bridges to be computed in Maintenance accordance to Draft Seismic Code of Pakistan. and Discuss with local authorities contingency planning Local measures with respect to road connectivity and Authorities rapid remedial reconstruction of structures in case of earth quake events or other natural disasters (e.g. tidal surge waves and extraordinary floods). A.4. ROADSIDE VEGTATION and PLANTATION A.4.1. Loss of plants Incorporate technical design to minimize removal entire throughout NHA Technical NHA Loss of in an area with of roadside plantation alignment project life roadside Design roadside already scarce Apply flexibility in decision as which side to be in situ plantation Engineer budget vegetation biodiversity, widened, or in reducing locally the shoulder width planning RE / Planning and Design due to and loss of Plan for compensatory planting for each felled, 2 decision widening functional plants of similar floral function - ditto – formation benefits from Disallow introduction of exotic species or species all along - ditto - roadside plants with known environmental setbacks (e.g. alignment Eucalyptus, Prosopis) - ditto - CHANGING BY-PASS Alignment and CONSTRUCTION PARKING FACILITIES A.4.2. Undertake additional environmental assessment Along the new Prior Included in Technical NHA/Env/ Changing May lead to study to identify potential impacts alignment finalizing the O&M Design EPA alignment that generating Undertake consultation with the affected people of the detail budget of Engineer Team the EMP caused by different the new alignment design detail environmental Incorporate proposed mitigation and community engineering impacts concerns into detail design study, or other If it is categorized as a major change, a new reasons environmental clearance has to be obtained

A.4.3. Constru Generate water An environmental assessment study to identify The At the Additional Technical NHA/ENV/ ction of parking and solid wastes potential impacts in accordance to the environmental same time budget will Design Provincial facilities Air and Noise Government and ADB’s environmental guidelines assessment when the be Engineer team EPA study should required pollution has to be prepared during the detail design study detail cover the to identify appropriate mitigation measures design will Inconvenience parking living facilities site be carried environment and affected out area

A.5. MAINTAINING AIR QUALITY and NOISE LEVELS A.5.1. Increase of air Incorporate technical design features that enable at all built-up throughout Technical Increase and noise continual traffic flux and avoid congestions (e.g. areas project life Design Engineer of traffic pollution and guardrails, signboards, speed limits, speed intensity associated bumpers, bays); - ditto - health risks for Include design measures to prevent blockage of - ditto -

roadside bus bays and carriageways by street vendors, residents - ditto - particularly in the vicinity of local market places. mosques, Consider noise barriers in sensitive areas schools A.5.2. Air pollution Planning for burning sites in due distance to include Pertaining to During NHA , in bid NHA/ Env. Creation and associated human settlements settlement construc- documents Dept. burning of with burning Disallow siting for work camps, including waste areas only tion wastes at or garbage dump sites, in distances closer than 1 km to any include NHA , in bid - ditto - near camp inhabited areas; at prospective documents site Incorporate technical design features for refuse campsite collection containers at sites that would minimize include Design - ditto - burning impacts; - ditto - Consultant Devise plan for safe handling, storage and disposal of harmful materials. - ditto ´- - ditto -

A.6. SOIL and BORROW MATERIAL Appendix1

Activities Environmental a Institutional Responsibility 24 Proposed Reference to Approximate Mitigation and Actions Issue/ Contract Timeframe b Mitigation Measures Location Budget Implementation Supervision Component Document 1 Appendix (will be updated during the detail design)

A.6.1. Change of Agricultural areas will be avoided for borrowing of include Borrow areas Long- NHA , in bid NHA/ Env. Excavation of edaphic materials, unless requested by the landowner for at/near lasting documents Dept. earth from characteristics; lowering the land to create new irrigation polders agriculture conse- borrow areas loss of topsoil; Contractor needs to obtain approval from SC/ENV include and irrigation quences NHA , in bid - ditto - impact on for excavation and for plan of rehabilitating the site areas documents agriculture after excavation. A.6.2. Degradation of Excavation in farmlands and at river sites close to include At all agri- Long- NHA , in bid NHA/ Env. Acquisition of existing river settlements will be prohibited, unless authorized cultural sites lasting documents Dept. conglome- beds, alteration by local irrigation departments responsible for river and at consequen rate and of surface and training works demarcated -ces rocky sub- groundwater Maximum use of existing quarries for include areas of NHA , in bid - ditto - base material regime, land- conglomerates from approved and formerly used Chenab River documents use conflicts quarry sites include t.b.d Design NHA/ Env. Lands could also be selected through community Consultant / Dept. consultation, which could subsequently be Sociologist developed into fishponds or other productive include Chenab River Contractor Irrigation purposes. Departm. River sand excavation will be executed in close cooperation and upon approval from relevant authority.

A.7. UTILITIES A.7.1. Public Public utilities Timely notifications and consultations with include To be None, if GOP NHA to notify Respective utilities to be affected respective agencies; checked all timely all concerned depart- may create All public utilities (e.g. water pipes, power/ along the organized line agencies ments of disruption of telephone lines, likely to be impacted by the project and NHA public services carriageway widening need be re-located well corridor implemen- and economics ahead to works commencement. ted A.8. CULTURAL HERITAGE

A.8.1. Impacts on Widening activities avoid any interference with include To be At planning Included in NHA , in bid NHA/ED Cultural mosques, cultural heritage sites. checked all stage Meeting documents

B. CONSTRUCTION PHASE B.1. CAMP SITE B.1.1. Acceptability to Contractor need obtain clearance permit for include at selection at Contractor SC and Site selection public/owner; siting work camps, stack yards & workshop, stage for Contractor’s NHA/ED interferences Contractor must present to RE a copy of the include Camp cost Contractor RE, agreement made with the landowner Sites SC/ENV B.1.2. Loss of All efforts during the design stage should be include at prospective while All at Contractor SC and Site clearing vegetation and made to minimize the removal of existing macro- Camp Sites establishin Contractor’s NHA/ED and assets on the plants at camp sites g Camp cost SC/ENV preparation, selected land, Contractor will provide plan for removal & include - ditto – Sites Contractor SC/ENV/R and re- and rehabilitation of site upon completion E dissatisfaction installation Photographical and botanical inventory of include - ditto – Contractor NHA/ED on works after vegetation before clearing the site rehabilitation contract Compensatory plantation to be scheduled when - ditto - SC/ENV/R measures after include Contractor completion construction works near end; for each tree E completion removed 2 new shall be planted ED-NHA Appendix 1 Appendix1

Activities Environmental a Institutional Responsibility 26 Proposed Reference to Approximate Mitigation and Actions Issue/ Contract Timeframe b Mitigation Measures Location Budget Implementation Supervision Component Document 1 Appendix (will be updated during the detail design)

B.1.3. Sanita- Health risks to The Contractor will provide a proper waste include At all solid throughout all Contractor SC/ENV tion & waste work force and management plan. and liquid operation to be disposal public if not The sewage system for such camps will be include waste of work borne by Contractor SC/ENV facilities at properly properly designed (pit latrines or, as required, collection and camps Contractor camps managed septic tanks) to receive all sanitary wastewaters latrine sites of camps Sewage treatment facility will be designed and include located to ensure that no water pollution takes Contractor SC/ENV/ place. RE Lined wash areas will be constructed within the include Contractor SC/ENV/ camp site or at site approved by the RE, for the receipt of wash waters from construction RE machinery. The quality drinking water resource has to be include checked quarterly

B.2. CONSTRUCTION WORKS

B.2.1. Health risks if Obligatory insurance against accidents to work valid for entire At all Contractor SC/ENV Work safety work conditions labourers construction establish- to be and hygienic provide unsafe Providing basic medical training to specified work area ment of borne by Contractor SC/ENV conditions and/or staff, and basic medical service and supplies to camp sites Contractor unfavorable workers Throughout work conditions Layout plan for camp site, to be approved by the operation of - ditto - Contractor SC/ENV/ SC/ENV indicating safety measures taken by the work camps and RE contractor, e.g. fire fighting equipment, safe throughout storage of hazardous material, first aid, security, constructio Contractor SC/ENV fencing, and contingency measures in case of n period - ditto - accidents; - ditto -

Work safety measures and good workmanship practices are to be followed by the contractor to Contractor SC/ENV - ditto - ensure no health risks for labourers; - ditto - Protection devices (ear muffs) will be provided to

the workers operating in the vicinity of high noise - ditto -

Activities Environmental a Institutional Responsibility Proposed Reference to Approximate Mitigation and Actions Issue/ Contract Timeframe b Mitigation Measures Location Budget Implementation Supervision Component Document (will be updated during the detail design) generating machines - ditto - Contractor SC/ENV Provision of adequate sanitation, washing, - ditto - cooking. and dormitory facilities including light up throughout Contractor SC/ENV to satisfaction approved by the SC; - ditto - constructio Contractor SC/ENV Proper maintenance of facilities for workers will be - ditto - n period Contractor SC/ENV/ monitored by the SC/ENV RE regular pest control measures in dormitories Obligatory warning of work staff if pest hazard is imminent or detected; B.2.2. Security Proper storage and fencing/locking of storage include at throughout all Contractor SC/ENV/ Camp site hazards and rooms containing hazardous material Construction constructio to be RE security related Employment of guard for storage rooms. include camp n period borne by Contractor SC/ENV/ conflicts Provision of adequate security against sabotage, include locations Contractor Contractor RE petrol pilfering and theft. SC/ENV/ RE B.2.3. Inequities in The Contractors will agree to pre-defined minimum include at all throughout all Contractor SC/ENV Wages and wages, wages Construction constructio to be Work underpayment Women must receive wages equal to the wage include sites n period borne by Contractor SC/ENV Regulations and gender- paid to men for equal works Contractor biased wages Wages shall be made public to all labourers include Contractor SC/ENV Child labour will be strictly ruled out; include Contractor SC/ENV/ Contractor has to respect local festivals and include Contractor RE religious customs that would temporarily interfere SC/ENV/ with work performance; RE Sub-Contractors have to adhere to the same wage include Contractor SC/ENV principles B.2.4. Stora- Work safety Provision of protective clothing for labourers include at all throughout all Contractor SC/ENV/ ge, handling, and human handling hazardous materials, e.g. helmet, Construction constructio to be RE transport of health risks adequate footwear for bituminous pavement sites n period borne by hazardous works, protective goggles, gloves etc. Contractor Appendix 1 Appendix1 construction Ensure strict use of wearing these protective include Contractor SC/ENV/ materials clothing during work activities RE

Activities Environmental a Institutional Responsibility 28 Proposed Reference to Approximate Mitigation and Actions Issue/ Contract Timeframe b Mitigation Measures Location Budget Implementation Supervision Component Document 1 Appendix (will be updated during the detail design)

B.2.5. Contamination All spoils will be disposed off as desired and the include All During all Contractor SC/ENV/ Creation of of soil from site will be restored back to its original conditions construction constructio to be RE construction construction before handing over. sites and n borne by waste wastes and Non-bituminous wastes from construction include entire project Contractor Contractor SC/ENV/ material quarry activities will be dumped in sites approved by the area RE materials SC/ENV/RE, in line with the legal prescriptions for dumpsites, and covered with a layer of the

conserved topsoil. include Contractor EPA, Bituminous wastes will be disposed off in an SC/ENV identified dumping site approved by EPA B.2.6. Soil Construction vehicles, machinery and equipment include throughout During borne bv Contractor SC/ENV/ Movement of compaction will move, or be stationed in the designated ROW, Project constructio Contractor RE vehicles in and alteration to avoid unnecessary compaction of soil. Corridor n and the con- of percolation Damages will be instantly repaired and/or include at defined Monitoring Contractor SC/ENV/ struction site and vegetation compensated at Contractor’s obligation schedule budget of RE pattern; and along Water and soil quality will be monitored as include EMP SC/ENV EPA the haulage Damage to envisaged in the Environmental Monitoring Plan routes properties and utilities B.2.7. Contamination Slopes of embankment leading to water bodies include At all irrigation During Engineerin Contractor SC/ENV/ Movement, of soil, will be modified and screened so that canal constructio g Cost RE mainte- irrigation and contaminants do not enter the water body crossings n nance and groundwater Construction vehicles and equipment will be include at all work at defined to be Contractor SC/ENV/ fuelling of from fuel and properly maintained and refuelled in such way sites schedule borne by RE lubricants construction that oil/diesel spillage does not contaminate the Contractor Contractor SC/ENV/ vehicles soil. include RE Fuel storage and refuelling sites will be kept - ditto - SC/ENV/ away from drainage channels. include RE Oil and grease traps will be provided at fuelling include - ditto - Contractor SC/ENV locations, to prevent contamination of water. include Unusable debris shall be dumped in nearest - ditto - Contractor landfill sites. SC/ENV include Waste oil shall be sold off to authorized vendors

EPA Monitoring Contractor budget of EMP SC/ENV B.2.8. Contamination Dismantling of existing formation is not include At possible During Contractor SC/ENV Spoil of soil / water considered, instead, bituminous layers will be sites that will constructio material sites and impact on used as sub-base for topping up be examined to n landscape If spoil material develops, pits will be used after include prevent Contractor SC/ENV value examination on possible soil and water contamina-tion contamination risks. Spoils will then be covered with sandy conglomerates. B.2.9. Soil Erosion, In areas with strong sheet flow, high include At all sites During Engineerin Contractor SC/ENV/ Embank- Loss of embankments will be provided with chutes and where high constructio g Cost RE ment works: vegetation and drains to minimize soil erosion. Stone pitching embank- n Excavation of habitat and retaining walls will be made at high ments are embankments in critical areas (> 40% gradient) earth, cutting include required, e.g. Engineerin Contractor SC/ENV/ As applicable and needed, plantation of grasses near bridges operations, - ditto . g Cost RE and shrubs will be done for slope protection. embanking, clearing of Soil erosion checking measures such as the Engineerin formation of sediment basins, slope drains, etc, include Contractor SC/ENV/ vegetations g Cost will be carried out. - ditto . RE

Soil erosion along the road shall be visually include checked as given in the environmental monitoring during Contractor Contractor SC/ENV/ plan. constructio And and RE n and Supervisio SC/ENV operation n Contract stage Appendix 1 Appendix1

Activities Environmental a Institutional Responsibility 30 Proposed Reference to Approximate Mitigation and Actions Issue/ Contract Timeframe b Mitigation Measures Location Budget Implementation Supervision Component Document 1 Appendix (will be updated during the detail design)

B.2.10. Soil erosion, No productive land or land adjacent to include Quarries and During the Contractor SC/ENV/ Procurement change of hy- agricultural / irrigated land will be used borrow areas constructio RE of draulic patterns Non-productive, barren lands in broken terrain, include n phase Contractor SC/ENV/ construction and landscape nullahs and publicly recognized waste lands RE materials degradation should be given preference as been following recommended for borrowing materials; include Contractor SC/ENV/ unauthorized Aggregate required for road construction RE use of quarries procured from quarries need approval from NHA.

& borrow areas B.2.11. Land disputes, The Contractor must obtain any necessary include All borrow During all Contractor SC/ENV/ Borrow pit Soil erosion, permits for borrow pits from the competent sites in entire constructio to be RE land lease loss of authorities, including NHA project area n borne by agreement potential crop The Contractor must present a copy of the include Contractor Contractor SC/ENV/ land, loss of agreement made with the landowner to the Before Contractor RE vegetation SC/ENV; starting and landscape The Contractor will be obliged to make an bio- include borrow EPA, degradation physical inventory of the site, including complete excavation SC/ENV photographic documentation, and present it to and the SC/ENV for verification ; This documentation Upon com- will be used as criteria for the rehabilitation pletion of obligations agreed. excavation B.2.12. Soil Erosion, No excavations are allowed within distance of include All borrow During all Contractor SC/ENV/ Borrow pit damage to 100 m to ROW sites in entire borrow to be RE excavation road In borrow pits the depth of the pit will be include project area excavation borne by Contractor SC/ENV/ activities embankment regulated so that the sides of the excavation will and Contractor RE and have a slope not steeper than 1: 4. Upon com- public health Soil erosion along the borrow pit shall be include pletion of Contractor SC/ENV/ risks regularly checked to prevent / mitigate impacts excavation on adjacent lands. RE In case borrow pits fill with water, measures have include Contractor EPA, to be taken to prevent the creation of mosquito- SC/ENV breeding sites.

B.3.1. Conflict with The contractor will make arrangements for water include Throughout During all Contractor SC/ENV Use of water local water required for construction in such a way that the Project Area constructio to be for demand water availability and supply to nearby n borne by construction communities remain unaffected. include Contractor Contractor SC/ENV and For construction purposes, water shall be drawn from surface water bodies on priority and as consumption available. B.3.2. Risk of include During all Contracted SC/ENV/ Regular water quality monitoring according to Km 1, 19, 22 Spillage polluting determined sampling schedule and 25 constructio to be laboratory RE of liquid surface and The contractor shall ensure that construction include throughout n borne by Contractor SC/ENV wastes groundwater debris do not find their way into the drainage or area with Contractor from liquid irrigation canals which may get clogged. surface waters waste spillage, Work on irrigation canal areas will be kept to a include throughout Contractor SC/ENV drainage and minimum, and protective walls be project area run-off from (re-)constructed

construction To maintain the surface water flow/drainage, include - ditto - Contractor SC/ENV/ sites proper mitigation measures will be taken along the road, like drainage structures in urban areas RE Contractor SC/ENV/ Prohibit washing of machinery and vehicles in include RE Appendix1 surface waters, provide sealed washing basins and collect wastewater in sedimentation/retention pond

Activities Environmental a Institutional Responsibility 32 Proposed Reference to Approximate Mitigation and Actions Issue/ Contract Timeframe b Mitigation Measures Location Budget Implementation Supervision Component Document 1 Appendix (will be updated during the detail design)

B.3.3. Earth- Contamination Construction work close to the streams or other Include Throughout During all Contractor SC/ENV and stone- of water due to water bodies will be avoided, especially during Project Road constructio to be work, other construction monsoon period. And at n borne by construction waste Take precautions construct temporary or include approved Contractor Contractor SC/ENV activities permanent devices to prevent water pollution due dump site affecting to increased siltation water Wastes must be collected, stored and taken to include Contractor SC/ENV resources the approved disposal site. B.4. AIR POLLUTION CONTROL

B.4.1. Emission from Diversion roads in built-up areas will be include all diversions throughout to be Contractor SC/ENV/ Vehicular construction established and scheduled to minimize traffic in populated constructio borne by RE movement vehicles and congestion areas and n period Contractor and running machinery, Diversion roads will be black-topped to prevent include - ditto - Contractor SC/ENV/ of causing public excessive dust development RE health risks, machineries All temporary service and access roads will be include - ditto - Contractor SC/ENV/ nuisance and regularly water-sprayed to minimize the dust RE other impacts generation: Schedules will be adjust-ted to

on the bio- actual needs, determined by the SC include at workshops - ditto - Contractor SC/ENV/R physical All machinery and plants will be placed at min. 5 of Contractor E environment km at downwind direction to human settlements.

All vehicles, equipment and machinery used for - ditto - construction will be regularly maintained to include Contractor SC/ENV ensure that the pollution emission levels conform

to the NEQS. Air quality parameters will be monitored at determined sites and schedule determined by the include Km 0, 19.5, Monitoring approved SC/ENV and 24.5 SC/ENV budget of monitoring EMP agency

environment for operator contractor SC/ENV/ Asphalt mix plant should be located at least 500 include m away from settlement area down wind and the RE plant should have water scrubber and the crusher plants should have dust collector. B.4.3. Trans- Dust and Vehicles delivering loose and fine materials like include Throughout During Engineerin Contractor SC/ENV/ portation of emissions from sand and fine aggregates shall be covered to Project Road constructio g Cost RE materials, machineries reduce spills on existing road. n and other causing health Ambient air quality monitoring will be carried out Construction Monitoring Contractor SC/ENV include construction risks to in accordance to the Environmental Monitoring sites near the budget of through activities that operators; Plan; major EMP approved SC/ENV create dust impacts on the Once the monitored parameters are above the settlements monitoring and bio-physical prescribed NEQS-limits suitable control include agency emissions environment measures must be taken. B.5. NOISE CONTROL

B.5.1. Noise from The plants and equipment used for construction include At hot mix During Included in Contractor SC/ENV Running of vehicles, will strictly conform to noise standards specified plant, batching constructio Trial construction asphalt plants in the NEQS. plants & n Planting Contractor SC/ENV machinery and equipment Vehicles and equipment used will be fitted, as include Construction and Appendix1 applicable, with silencers and properly sites Enhance- maintained. Built-up areas ment

Activities Environmental a Institutional Responsibility 34 Proposed Reference to Approximate Mitigation and Actions Issue/ Contract Timeframe b Mitigation Measures Location Budget Implementation Supervision Component Document 1 Appendix (will be updated during the detail design)

In urban areas construction activities will be include Budget of Contractor SC/ENV restricted to be carried out between 6 a.m. and EMP RE 20 p.m. Schools along Hedges as noise barriers in sensitive areas (in include the length of Contractor SC/ENV/ front of schools, hospitals, ambulances, project road RE mosques). Public hearings to discuss appropriate solutions Km 0, 19.5, include and 24.5 Contractor SC/ENV and materials to control noise (e.g. mud or brick

walls, bushes, etc.)

In accordance with the Environmental Monitoring Monitoring at include Contractor SC/ENV Plan noise measurements will be carried out at above sample through locations and schedule specified by the SC/ENV sites approved to ensure the effectiveness of mitigation monitoring measures. agency

B.6. FAUNA and FLORA B.6.1. Access Poaching on The use of fire wood for cooking and execution include Near Chenab throughout all Contractor SC/ENV to sensitive wildlife, collec- of works will be prohibited river banks constructio to be areas and ting wild plants, No open fires will be allowed include n period borne by Contractor SC/ENV fragile disturbance of Restoration of vegetated areas damaged include Contractor Contractor SC/ENV/ ecosystem riverine habitats Strict instructions from the Contractor to work RE staff (particularly the cooks) with respect to include Contractor SC/ENV poaching local wildlife Patrolling and enforcement. include Contractor SC/ENV B.7. ROAD SAFETY and COMMUNITY LIFE

B.7.1. Accident risks, Timely public notification on planned construction include Throughout throughout all Contractor SC/ENV/ Vehicular particularly works. Project Road, constructio to be RE movement at inflicting local Close consultation with local communities to include particularly n period borne by Contractor SC/ENV/ near the construction communities identify optimal solutions for diversions to Contractor settlements RE sites and who are not maintain community integrity & social links and sensitive

urban areas and at sensitive/accident-prone include Contractor SC/ENV/ spots. RE Setting up speed limits in close consultation with include Contractor SC/ENV/ the local stakeholders RE Ensure proper lighting at auxiliary facilities such include Contractor SC/ENV/ as bus bays, taxi stands, passengers waiting RE sheds etc. If identified, consider additional guard rails at accident-prone stretches and sensitive locations (schools). B.7.2. Accident and Ensure safety code for work staff is observed, include at all Project throughout all Contractor SC/ENV Risks health risks as ensuring the provision and wearing of safety work sites constructio to be associated well as equipment required for specific works, e.g. n period borne by with potential helmets, dust masks, ear muffs, safety goggles, Contractor construction spread of etc. Contractor SC/ENV HIV/AIDS/Hep activities At every construction site, a readily available and include atitis updated first aid unit including an adequate

supply of dressing materials and a staff with Contractor SC/ENV/ basic medical knowledge will be provided. include RE Elaboration of a contingency planning in case of

major accidents Contractor SC/ENV

Instruct foremen to strictly enforce the keeping include out of non-working persons, particularly children, off work sites. Contractor SC/ENV/ Adequate signage, lightning devices, barriers include RE and persons with flags during construction to manage traffic at construction sites, haulage and Appendix 1 Appendix1 access roads. Contractor SC/ENV Road safety education will be divulged to drivers include

Activities Environmental a Institutional Responsibility 36 Proposed Reference to Approximate Mitigation and Actions Issue/ Contract Timeframe b Mitigation Measures Location Budget Implementation Supervision Component Document 1 Appendix (will be updated during the detail design)

operating construction vehicles Awareness campaign for protection include RE NHA HIV/AIDS/Hepatitis B.8. SOCIAL BALANCE and PUBLIC RELATIONS B.8.1. Local residents Timely and full public consultation and include entire Project throughout all Contractor, in SC/ENV/ Cultural may resist announcement of mobilizing equipment Area constructio to be close RE differences Contractors Establishment of formal links with affected include n period borne by consultation SC/ENV/ between attitudes; communities, Contractor with RE contractor Cultural clashes Plan for social grievance redress mechanisms include Local SC/ENV and locals particularly including the Nazeem and community leaders. Authorities when SC/ENV Seek assistance from and cooperation with local include NGOs international NGOs contractors are engaged B.8.2. Con- Social Familiarize outside labourers on local etiquettes Include, town areas From early all Contractor CS/RE/ flicts arising disturbance and Aim at obliging the contractors to employ an include constructio to be Contractor ENV due to the dissatisfaction agreed ratio (>75%) local community (unskilled) n period borne by mix of local & with employing labour for construction works; until Contractor migratory job outsiders An agreed minimum unskilled labour employment include operation Contractor commences seekers rate for women, at equal pay like men, will be negotiated at early stage. B.8.3. Conflicts rel. to Establish mechanisms to settle conflicts at early include throughout throughout all Local Gvt. SC/ENV/ Crimes smuggling, stage entire project constructio to be RE transmissible Enforce/support law and order include area, n period borne by Police SC/ENV diseases and Assist to public awareness programs as include particularly at Contractor NGOs / CBOs SC/ENV trafficking applicable, by contacting/collaborating with locally truck engaged NGOs/CBOs stops/hotels

B.9. ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES B.9.1. Impacts of In case of detecting any archaeological artefact, include throughout throughout all Contractor SC/ENV/ Encounte- historically structure, tomb etc., the Contractor needs entire project constructio to be RE ring archaeo- important sites immediately halt all works at the find site and brief area, including n period borne by and damage to within shortest time possible the Archaeological logical sites borrow sites Contractor fossils, arte- Department in Lahore. during earth facts, tombs, In the event of such finding, the Contractor has the Include, Contractor SC/ENV/ works structure etc, duty to secure the site against any intrusion until refer to RE as defined in the archaeological expert will decide on further Antiques 1975 Antiques action. Act 1975 Act C. OPERATION PHASE

C.1. WATER and SOILS c C.1.1. Water Pollution Water quality monitoring will be carried out Throughout at Monitoring SC/ENV NHA/ED Drainage of from storm during operation phase at schedule approved by Project Area schedule budget of together with runoff from waters the SC/ENV defined in EMP approved laboratory roads into containing If monitored parameters are above the the water bodies hazardous prescribed limit, suitable control measures will be monitoring substances taken plan Appendix 1 Appendix1

c responsible only until termination of Supervision Contract

Activities Environmental a Institutional Responsibility 38 Proposed Reference to Approximate Mitigation and Actions Issue/ Contract Timeframe b Mitigation Measures Location Budget Implementation Supervision Component Document 1 Appendix (will be updated during the detail design)

Congestion of Ensure proper cleaning scheme for keeping In all built-up as required Town drainage drainage structures clear of debris and blockage areas Committee structures in Local urban areas authorities C.1.2. Contamination see all mitigation measures described under throughout as incident Local NHA/ED Vehicular from spills due A.2.2 Project Area happening Authorities and movement to traffic and EPA accidents C.2. AMBIENT AIR QUALITY C.2.1. Emission from Roadside tree plantations as applicable and Where schedule included in NHA NHA/ED Vehicular vehicular traffic feasible under harsh climatic conditions; plants applicable as per Project movement causing public should be selected in accordance to their ability NHA Costs

health risks, to absorb emissions roadside NHA nuisance and plantation Regular road maintenance to ensure good - ditto - Monitoring other impacts surface condition scheme budget of on the bio- Speed limits at sensitive locations 4 urban areas at EMP NHA/ED physical schedule 3 Monitoring air quality at defined schedule and at 4 SC/ENV environment defined in Regular vehicle check to control/ensure sensitive NHA/ED the compliance with NEQS spots Motorway Enforcement and penalties against traffic rules monitoring Police violators plan C.3. NOISE LEVEL and VIBRATIONS C.3.1. Traffic-related Noise measurements will be carried out at Monitoring at at Monitoring ED NHA/EV 3 Vehicular noise pollution locations and schedule specified by the NHA/ED 4 towns and 4 schedule budget of SC/ENV movement and vibrations to ensure the effectiveness of mitigation villages defined in EMP

from engines, measures, e.g speed limits and noise control the

tires and use of plantations at sensitive spots. monitoring NHA/ED (pressure) According to monitoring results, additional sound as applicable plan horns barriers in form of trees and hedges will be at sensitive as needed discussed with the affected pubic and planted if spots agreed

NHA Signs for sensitive zones (health centers / - ditto - educational institutions etc.) will to disallow the

regularly C.4. FAUNA and FLORA C.4.1. Accidents with Provision of proper safety signage. In vicinity of Workshop O & M SC/ENV NHA/EV Vehicular wildlife Setting up speed limits Takatu Game & Training budget of movement Proper lighting arrangements at petrol stations, Reserve events EMP km 5-25 bus truck stops Display of signboards alerting drivers’ attention - ditto - - ditto - SC/ENV on wildlife and environmental issues related to safe driving and wildlife encounters. Special education signboards at times when migratory birds tend to approach the highway; SC/ENV inform school masters

C.4.2. Poaching on Display of signboards explaining wildlife and In vicinity of O & M SC/ENV3 Fast access wildlife; distur- other ecological values Takatu Game budget of to sensitive bance of fragile Support NGOs advocating against falconry Reserve EMP km 5-25 areas ecosystem hunting of endangered species (Houbara) Workshop Patrolling and enforcement. F&WD C.4.3. Maintenance of Monitoring of survival of trees at the rate of 75 % Throughout Operation O & M in Consultation SC/ENV3 Roadside Flora should be done in the first year of the operation Project Road Stage budget of with Social Plantation phase and suitable mitigation measures should EMP Forestry Dept.

be taken to protect the trees

Efforts will be made for proper maintenance of NHA NHA planted trees, shrubs and grasses to maintain roadside Maintenance greenery and aesthetics plantation C.5. ROAD SAFETY C.5.1. Accidents In case of spillage, the report to relevant at any location Operation to be SC/ENV3 Appendix1 Vehicular involving departments will be made. such accident Stage borne by hazardous Efforts will be made to clean the spills of oil, toxic occurs

Activities Environmental a Institutional Responsibility 40 Proposed Reference to Approximate Mitigation and Actions Issue/ Contract Timeframe b Mitigation Measures Location Budget Implementation Supervision Component Document 1 Appendix (will be updated during the detail design) movement materials chemicals etc. as early as possible. perpetrator Local Authorities C.5.2. General road Traffic management plan will be developed, Throughout Operation NHA NHA, with Vehicular safety issues especially along congested locations Project road stage budget support from 3 movement Traffic control measures including speed limits SC/ENV will be enforced Motorway Police C.6. SOCIAL and ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT C.6.1. Impacts related Control of encroachment and ribbon Throughout Operation included in SC/EN V 3 Increase in to desired and development along improved highway Project road stage monitoring NHA facilities, undesired Control and enforcement against smuggling and costs SC/ENV 3 mobility, development other crimes Motorway access, and following road Police shipment of sector projects goods

Abbreviations: ED = Environmental Department of NHA (= GM Environment/Lands) ENV = Environmental Expert, contracted by Supervision Consultant F&WD = Forest & Wildlife Department NHA = National Highway Authority RE = Resident Engineer, contracted by SC SC = Supervision Consultant

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR N25 HUB-UTHAL SECTION

Activities Environmental Reference1 to Institutional Responsibility Proposed Approximate Mitigation and Issue/ Contract Timeframe 2 Mitigation Measures Location (will Budget Actions Component Document Implementation Supervision be updated during detail design)

A. DESIGN AND PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE A.1. ALIGNMENT and SHOULDER WIDTH OPTIONS A.1.1. Hindrance In built-up areas, consider widening on one only in few throughout Technical NHA/ENV/ Formation of market side of carriageway only areas in project life Design RE width in opportunities, Incorporate technical design features that Vinder town, Engineer built-up loading and allows flexible shoulder width in towns and mosque/ areas vending activities Maintain level in urban areas (no raising) shop area in Explore the incorporation of additional Lassi Ghot parking lots and bus bays in market areas A.2. SAFETY A.2.1. Uneasy traffic Improve road geometry only in few throughout Technical NHA/ENV/ Design flow, congestions Provide markings for centre and edge lines areas in project life Design RE highway to and undesired and stop lines at junctions and bus stops Vinder town, Engineer standards encounters with All signs, markings and bridge plates must and mosque/ with slow traffic and be reflectorized, as the main traffic on N-25 shop area in special pedestrians; occurs in night hours. Lassi Ghot reference Hazardous Improve junction layouts Lassi Ghot to local driving conditions In built-up areas, consider widening on one Vinder Town dangers due to livestock side of carriageway only, and explore crossing and drift possibility to incorporate service lane and sands. crossings for pedestrians In built-up areas, provide for bus, taxi and rickshaw bays. Add warning signage where drift sands Km 65-113 occur Lassi Ghot Give due consideration (traffic signage) to areas where livestock / camels are crossing

2 Appendix 1 Applicable legal references will be added once the contract documentation is under preparation 2 Details on budget, calculation assumptions and breakdown of costs, see Section 5 of the IEE Report, Tab.2 41 41

42 Activities Environmental Reference3 to Institutional Responsibility

Proposed Approximate Mitigation 2 Appendix and Issue/ Contract Timeframe 4 Mitigation Measures Location (will Budget Actions Component Document Implementation Supervision be updated during detail design)

A.3. STRUCTURES A.3.1. Flash flows may Adequately design cross-sections of throughout throughout Technical NHA/ENV/ Cross- damage drainage structures based on hydraulic Project project life Design RE drainage structures or studies, taking regional/local lessons Corridor Engineer and cause drainage learned into consideration - ditto - accessory problems in urban Protective measures against scour areas structures problems at bridges and culverts (gabions at abutments, wingwalls and aprons for culverts); as applicable, additional planting with soil-stabilizing shrubs and grasses only at Vinder - ditto - In built-up areas, provide sufficient sizing of town drains, possibly install small check dams to

reduce velocity of water flow. - ditto - All structures will be constructed with reasonable safety against seismic acceleration Drift sands and Test planting dune-stabilizing (non- Trial and ENV/RE/contra NHA/ENV/ sand dunes palatable to grazers) scrubs next to enhancement ctor RE causing embankment planting obstruction and Plan for regular road maintenance during budget EMP risks for driving season with high incidents of sand storms

3 Applicable legal references will be added once the contract documentation is under preparation 4 Details on budget, calculation assumptions and breakdown of costs, see Section 5 of the IEE Report, Tab.2

Activities Environmental Reference3 to Institutional Responsibility Proposed Approximate Mitigation and Issue/ Contract Timeframe 4 Mitigation Measures Location (will Budget Actions Component Document Implementation Supervision be updated during detail design) Seismic activities Adequately design all structures based on First 50 km of throughout Technical NHA may damage material/ construction studies that take into Project project life Design structures account activities up to the seismic scales Corridor Engineer indicated in the seismicity maps. Discuss with local authorities contingency Vinder town RE/NHA/ planning measures with respect to road Local Maintenance connectivity and rapid remedial Authorities and reconstruction of structures in case of earth Local quake events or other natural disasters (e.g. Authorities tidal surge waves and extraordinary floods).

A.4. ROADSIDE VEGETATION and PLANTATION A.4.1. Loss of plants in Incorporate technical design to minimize Presently in throughout NHA Technical NHA/ENV/ Loss of an area with removal of roadside plantation Vinder town, project life roadside Design RE roadside already scarce Apply flexibility in decision as which side to at later years plantation Engineer/ENV/ budget RE vegetation biodiversity, and be widened, or in reducing locally the possibly in due to loss of functional shoulder width planned widening benefits from Plan for compensatory planting program, Marble City, formation roadside plants i.e. 2 plants of similar floral function, at least km 26 1 m high Disallow introduction of exotic species or species with known environmental setbacks (e.g. Eucalyptus, Prosopis)

Appendix 2 Appendix

43 43

44 Activities Environmental Reference5 to Institutional Responsibility

Proposed Approximate Mitigation 2 Appendix and Issue/ Contract Timeframe 6 Mitigation Measures Location (will Budget Actions Component Document Implementation Supervision be updated during detail design)

A.5. WILDLIFE and ADJACENT ECOLOGICAL SENSITIVE AREAS A.5.1. Traffic accidents Incorporate cautionary signage to raise At stretch near throughout Included in Technical NHA/ENV/ Disturbance with wildlife, attention of road users for wildlife crossing Siranda Lake project life the O&M Design RE to particularly in areas at risk km 76-82 budget of the Engineer EMP ecological migratory birds sensitive and night-active Included in NGOs/CBOs areas predatory Assist in public awareness programs where Workshop adjacent or mammals applicable, e.g. planning of wildlife EMP-budget near to information signboards at truck stop in Liari highway Junction and at Vinder A.6. MAINTAINING AIR QUALITY and NOISE LEVELS A.6.1. Increase of air Incorporate technical design features that Presently in throughout Technical NHA/ENV/ Increase and noise enable continual traffic flux and avoid Vinder town, project life Design RE Engineer of traffic pollution and congestions (e.g. signboards, speed limits, at later years - ditto - intensity associated health speed bumpers, bays); possibly in risks for roadside Include design measures to prevent planned residents blockage of bus bays and carriageways by Marble City, - ditto - street vendors, particularly in the vicinity of km 26 local market places. Consider noise barriers in sensitive areas A.6.2. Air pollution Planning for burning sites in due distance to include Pertaining to During NHA /ENV NHA/ ENV Creation associated human settlements Vinder town construction and with burning Disallow siting for work camps, including area only NHA/ENV - ditto - burning of garbage waste dump sites, in distances closer than 5 include Prospective wastes at km to any inhabited areas; campsite Design - ditto - or near Incorporate technical design features for Consultant camp site refuse collection containers at sites that include would minimize burning impacts; - ditto ´- - ditto - Devise plan for safe handling, storage and disposal of harmful materials.

5 Applicable legal references will be added once the contract documentation is under preparation 6 Details on budget, calculation assumptions and breakdown of costs, see Section 5 of the IEE Report, Tab.2

Activities Environmental Reference7 to Institutional Responsibility Proposed Approximate Mitigation and Issue/ Contract Timeframe 8 Mitigation Measures Location (will Budget Actions Component Document Implementation Supervision be updated during detail design) A.7. SOIL and BORROW MATERIAL A.7.1. Change of Agricultural areas will be avoided for include Borrow areas Long-lasting NHA , in bid NHA/ ENV Excavation edaphic borrowing of materials, unless requested by at/near Vinder consequences documents of earth characteristics; the landowner for lowering the land to River bed and from loss of topsoil; create irrigation polders, e.g. in vicinity of near Uthal km - ditto - borrow impact on Uthal. include 113 NHA , in bid areas agriculture Contractor needs to obtain approval from documents SC/ENV for excavation and for plan of rehabilitating the site after excavation. A.7.2. Degradation of Excavation in farmlands, Vinder River bed include near Vinder Long-lasting NHA , in bid NHA/ ENV Acquisition existing river and embankment vicinity will be prohibited. consequences documents of beds, alteration of Instead, explorations of nullahs in the conglomerat surface and uninhabited desert lands are recommended include Hawk Quarry NHA , in bid - ditto - e and rocky groundwater for sand borrow. documents sub-base regime, land-use Maximum use of existing quarries for include near Vinder Design NHA/ ENV material conflicts conglomerates near Hub City Consultant / Lands could also be selected through Sociologist community consultation, which could subsequently be developed into fishponds or other productive purposes.

2 Appendix 7 Applicable legal references will be added once the contract documentation is under preparation 8 Details on budget, calculation assumptions and breakdown of costs, see Section 5 of the IEE Report, Tab.2 45 45

46 Activities Environmental Reference9 to Institutional Responsibility

Proposed Approximate Mitigation 2 Appendix and Issue/ Contract Timeframe 10 Mitigation Measures Location (will Budget Implementation Actions Component Document Supervision be updated during detail design)

A.8. UTILITIES A.8.1. Public utilities to Timely notifications and consultations with include To be None, if GOP NHA to notify Respective Public be affected may respective agencies; checked all timely all departments utilities create disrupt-ion All public utilities (e.g. water pipes, power/ along the organized concerned of NHA of public services telephone lines, OFC likely to be impacted project and line agencies and economics by the carriageway widening need be re- corridor implemented located well ahead to works commencement. A.9. CULTURAL HERITAGE A.9.1. Impacts on Widening activities avoid any interference include To be At planning Included in NHA , in bid NHA/ED Cultural mosques, with cultural heritage sites. checked all stage Meting documents properties shrines, In case of unavoidable interference prior include along the Budget of Design NHA/ED madrasas and notification and consultation needs to be project EMP Consultant / graveyards made to reach consensus on procedures corridor Sociologist and options (e.g. relocation/re-building) or any other form of agreed compensation.

B. CONSTRUCTION PHASE B.1. CAMP SITE B.1.1. Acceptability to Contractor need obtain clearance permit include at selection at Contractor’s Contractor SC/ NHA/ED Site public/owner; for siting work camps, stack yards & stage for cost RE, selection interferences workshop, include Camp Sites Contractor SC/ENV Contractor must present to RE a copy of the agreement made with the landowner

9 Applicable legal references will be added once the contract documentation is under preparation 10 Details on budget, calculation assumptions and breakdown of costs, see Section 5 of the IEE Report, Tab.2

Activities Environmental Reference9 to Institutional Responsibility Proposed Approximate Mitigation and Issue/ Contract Timeframe 10 Mitigation Measures Location (will Budget Implementation Actions Component Document Supervision be updated during detail design) B.1.2. Loss of All efforts during the design stage should include at prospective while All at Contractor NHA/ED/EV/ Site vegetation and be made to minimize the removal of Camp Sites establishing Contractor’s RE/SC clearing assets on the existing macro-plants at camp sites Camp Sites cost and selected land, Contractor will provide plan for removal & include - ditto – Contractor preparation, and rehabilitation of site upon completion dissatisfaction on and re- Photographical and botanical inventory of include - ditto – Contractor installation rehabilitation vegetation before clearing the site works after measures after Compensatory plantation to be scheduled include - ditto - Contractor contract completion when construction works near end; for completion each tree removed 2 new shall be planted B.1.3. Health risks to The Contractor will provide a proper waste include At waste throughout all Contractor SC/ENV Sanitation work force and management plan. collection and operation of to be &waste public if not The sewage system for such camps will include latrine sites of work camps borne by Contractor SC/ENV disposal properly be properly designed (pit latrines) and built camps Contractor facilities at managed so that no water pollution takes place. camps B.2. CONSTRUCTION WORKS B.2.1. Health risks if Obligatory insurance against accidents to valid for entire At establish- all Contractor SC/ENV/RE Work work conditions work labourers construction ment of to be safety and provide unsafe Providing basic medical training to specified area camp sites borne by hygienic and/or work staff, and basic medical service and Contractor conditions unfavorable work supplies to workers Throughout - ditto - conditions as well Layout plan for camp site, to be approved operation of and as potential by the SC/ENV indicating safety measures work camps throughout spread of the taken by the contractor, e.g. fire fighting construction HIV/AIDS and equipment, safe storage of hazardous period Hepatitis material, first aid, security, fencing, and contingency measures in case of accidents;

Appendix 2 Appendix

47 47

Activities Environmental Reference9 to Institutional Responsibility 48 Proposed Approximate Mitigation and Issue/ Contract 10 Timeframe Budget Mitigation Measures Location (will Implementation 2 Appendix Actions Component Document Supervision be updated during detail design) Work safety measures and good

workmanship practices are to be followed by the contractor to ensure no health risks for labourers; Protection devices (ear muffs) will be provided to the workers operating in the vicinity of high noise generating machines

Provision of adequate sanitation, washing,

cooking. and dormitory facilities including

light up to satisfaction approved by the SC;

Proper maintenance of facilities for workers will be monitored by the SC/ENV regular pest control measures in dormitories Obligatory warning of work staff if pest hazard is imminent or detected; Local Awareness campaign for protection from authority and HIV/AIDS and hepatitis NHA B.2.2. Security hazards Proper storage and fencing/locking of include at throughout all Contractor SC/ENV/RE Camp site and related storage rooms containing hazardous Construction construction to be security conflicts material include camp period borne by Employment of guard for storage rooms. include locations Contractor Provision of adequate security against sabotage, petrol pilfering and theft. B.2.3. Inequities in The Contractors will agree to pre-defined include at all throughout all Contractor SC/ENV/RE Wages and wages, minimum wages Construction construction to be Work underpayment Women must receive wages equal to the include sites period borne by Contractor Regulations and gender- wage paid to men for equal works Contractor biased wages Wages shall be made public to all labourers include Contractor Child labour will be strictly ruled out; include Contractor Contractor has to respect local festivals and include Contractor religious customs that would temporarily interfere with work performance; Sub-Contractors have to adhere to the include Contractor same wage principles

with a layer of the conserved topsoil. include Contractor EPA, Bituminous wastes will be disposed off in SC/ENV/RE an identified dumping site approved by EPA B.2.6. Soil compaction Construction vehicles, machinery and include throughout During borne bv Contractor SC/ENV/RE Movement and alteration of equipment will move, or be stationed in the Project construction Contractor of vehicles percolation and designated ROW, to avoid unnecessary include Corridor Contractor SC/ENV/RE in the vegetation compaction of soil. construction pattern; Damages will be instantly repaired and/or site and Damage to compensated at Contractor’s obligation include at defined Monitoring SC/ENV NHA/EPA along the properties and Water and soil quality will be monitored as schedule budget of haulage utilities envisaged in the Environmental Monitoring EMP routes Plan Appendix 2 Appendix

49 49

Activities Environmental Reference9 to Institutional Responsibility 50 Proposed Approximate Mitigation and Issue/ Contract 10 Timeframe Budget Mitigation Measures Location (will Implementation 2 Appendix Actions Component Document Supervision be updated during detail design) B.2.7. Contamination of Slopes of embankment leading to water include Vinder River During Engineering Contractor SC/ENV/RE

Movement, soil and bodies will be modified and screened so bed crossing construction Cost maintenance groundwater from that contaminants do not enter the water SC/ENV/RE and fuelling fuel and body include at all work to be Contractor of construc- lubricants Construction vehicles and equipment will sites borne by SC/ENV tion be properly maintained and refuelled in Contractor vehicles such way that oil/diesel spillage does not include - ditto - Contractor contaminate the soil.

Fuel storage and refuelling sites will be include - ditto - Contractor SC/ENV/RE kept away from drainage channels.

Oil and grease traps will be provided at at defined - ditto - fuelling locations, to prevent contamination include Contractor SC/ENV schedule of water. include Unusable debris shall be dumped in - ditto - - ditto - Contractor SC/ENV

nearest landfill sites. Waste oil shall be sold off to authorized include - ditto - Monitoring SC/ENV EPA vendors budget of Water quality will be monitored as EMP envisaged in the Environmental Monitoring Plan B.2.8. Contamination of Dismantling of existing formation is not include At possible During Contractor SC/ENV Spoil soil / water and considered, instead, bituminous layers will sites that will construction material impact on be used as sub-base for topping up be examined to sites landscape value If spoil material develops, pits will be used include prevent Contractor SC/ENV after examination on possible soil and contamination water contamination risks. Spoils will then be covered with sandy conglomerates. B.2.9. Soil Erosion, In areas with strong sheet flow, high include At all sites During Engineering Contractor SC/ENV/RE Embankment Loss of embankments will be provided with chutes where high construction Cost works: vegetation and and drains to minimize soil erosion. Stone embankments Excavation habitat pitching and retaining walls will be made at include are required, - ditto . Engineering Contractor SC/ENV/RE high embankments in critical areas (> 40% of earth, e.g. near Cost gradient) bridges cutting operations, As applicable and needed, plantation of include - ditto . Engineering Contractor SC/ENV/RE embanking, grasses and shrubs will be done for slope Cost clearing of protection. during vegetations Soil erosion checking measures such as

of quarries & procured from quarries need approval from borrow areas NHA. B.2.11. Land disputes, The Contractor must obtain any necessary include All borrow During all Contractor SC/ENV/RE Borrow pit Soil erosion, loss permits for borrow pits from the competent sites in entire construction to be land lease of potential crop authorities, including NHA project area borne by agreement land, loss of The Contractor must present a copy of the include Before Contractor Contractor SC/ENV/RE vegetation agreement made with the landowner to the starting SC/ENV; and landscape borrow degradation The Contractor will be obliged to make an include excavation Contractor EPA, bio-physical inventory of the site, including Upon com- SC/ENV complete photographic documentation, pletion of and present it to the SC/ENV for excavation verification; This documentation will be used as criteria for the rehabilitation obligations agreed. B.2.12. Soil Erosion, No excavations are allowed within distance include All borrow During all Contractor SC/ENV/RE Borrow pit damage to road of 100 m to ROW sites in entire borrow to be excavation embankment and In borrow pits the depth of the pit will be include project area Upon com- borne by Contractor SC/ENV/RE activities public health regulated so that the sides of the pletion of Contractor risks excavation will have a slope not steeper excavation than 1: 4. include Contractor SC/ENV/RE

Soil erosion along the borrow pit shall be 2 Appendix regularly checked to prevent / mitigate impacts on adjacent lands. include Contractor EPA, 51 51

Activities Environmental Reference9 to Institutional Responsibility 52 Proposed Approximate Mitigation and Issue/ Contract 10 Timeframe Budget Mitigation Measures Location (will Implementation 2 Appendix Actions Component Document Supervision be updated during detail design) In case borrow pits fill with water, SC/ENV

measures have to be taken to prevent the creation of mosquito-breeding sites.

Provisions Soil Erosion, Abandoning borrow areas without proper include All borrow Upon all Contractor SC/ENV/RE for rehabili- derelict land- rehabilitation measures will be disallowed. sites in entire completion of to be tation of uses, conflicts, The Contractor’s agreement with the include project area excavation borne by borrow pit visual sores in landowner must determine the options and Contractor Contractor EPA, the landscape, appropriate measures for rehabilitation of - ditto - SC/ENV the borrow pit as approved by the public health SC/ENV, such as reshaping the borrow risks due to development of site into a desired land-use plot (e.g. irrigation field, fishpond), replantation mosquito- aiming at double amount of trees removed breeding pits from the site.

B.3. WATER B.3.1. Conflict with local The contractor will make arrangements for include Throughout During all Contractor SC/ENV Use of water demand water required for construction in such a Project Area construction to be water for way that the water availability and supply borne by construction to nearby communities remain unaffected. include Contractor Contractor SC/ENV and For construction purposes, water shall be consumption drawn from surface water bodies on

priority and as available. B.3.2. Risk of polluting Application of good engineering and include Throughout During all Contractor SC/ENV/RE Spillage surface and construction practice Project Road construction to be of liquid groundwater from The contractor shall ensure that include at Vinder town borne by Contractor SC/ENV wastes liquid waste construction debris do not find their way Contractor spillage, drainage into the minor drainage channels which and run-off from may get clogged. include - ditto - Contractor SC/ENV construction sites To maintain the surface water flow/drainage, proper mitigation measures will be taken along the road, like drainage structures in urban areas

the bio-physical adjust-ted to actual needs, determined by include - ditto - Contractor environment the SC

All machinery and plants will be placed at - ditto - min. 5 km at downwind direction to human Contractor SC/ENV at workshops settlements. include of Contractor All vehicles, equipment and machinery

used for construction will be regularly approved to be maintained to ensure that the pollution Monitoring monitoring determined, emission levels conform to the NEQS. include budget of agency e.g. Vinder Air quality parameters will be monitored at EMP determined sites and schedule determined by the SC/ENV Appendix 2 Appendix

53 53

Activities Environmental Reference9 to Institutional Responsibility 54 Proposed Approximate Mitigation and Issue/ Contract 10 Timeframe Budget Mitigation Measures Location (will Implementation 2 Appendix Actions Component Document Supervision be updated during detail design) B.4.2. Dust generation Ensure precautions to reduce the level of include at sites of hot throughout All to be Contractor SC/ENV/ RE

Running of from construction dust emissions from, hot mix plants, mix plant construction borne by asphalt machineries crushers and batching plants will be taken period Contractor mix plants, causing health up, e.g. providing them, as applicable, with crushers, risks to operating protection canvasses and dust extraction etc., workers, impact units. Mixing equipment will be well sealed on bio-physical and equipped as per existing standards. environment Water will be sprayed in the lime/cement Contractor SC/ENV/ RE include and earth mixing sites. SC/ENV/ RE

Work safety measures like dust masks Contractor include shall be taken by the contractor to ensure SC/ENV/ RE

no health risks for operators

Asphalt plant will be located 500 m away contractor include from resettlement (down wind) and should have wet scribber B.4.3. Dust and Vehicles delivering loose and fine include Throughout During Engineering Contractor SC/ENV/RE Transporta- emissions from materials like sand and fine aggregates Project Road construction Cost tion of machineries shall be covered to reduce spills on SC/ENV materials, causing health existing road. Construction Monitoring Contractor include and other risks to operators; Ambient air quality monitoring will be sites near the budget of through construction impacts on the carried out in accordance to the major EMP approved SC/ENV activities bio-physical Environmental Monitoring Plan; settlements monitoring that create environment Once the monitored parameters are above include agency dust and the prescribed NEQS-limits suitable emissions control measures must be taken.

Activities Environmental Reference11 Institutional Responsibility Proposed Approximate Mitigation and Issue/ to Contract Timeframe 12 Mitigation Measures Location (will Budget Actions Component Document Implementation Supervision be updated during detail design) B.5. NOISE CONTROL B.5.1. Noise from The plants and equipment used for include At hot mix During Included in Contractor SC/ENV Running of vehicles, asphalt construction will strictly conform to noise plant, batching construction Trial Planting construction plants and standards specified in the NEQS. plants & and machinery equipment Vehicles and equipment used will be fitted, include Construction Enhancement Contractor SC/ENV as applicable, with silencers and properly sites Budget of EMP maintained.

In urban areas construction activities will include Vinder town Contractor SC/ENV/RE be restricted to be carried out between 6

a.m. and 20 p.m.

Hedges as noise barriers in sensitive include Contractor SC/ENV/RE areas (in front of schools, hospitals, Schools along the length of ambulances, mosques). project road Public hearings to discuss appropriate Contractor SC/ENV Vinder town solutions and materials to control noise include (e.g. mud or brick walls, bushes, etc.) In accordance with the Environmental Monitoring at Contractor SC/ENV Monitoring Plan noise measurements will include Vinder town through be carried out at locations and schedule approved specified by the SC/ENV to ensure the monitoring effectiveness of mitigation measures. agency

2 Appendix 11 Applicable legal references will be added once the contract documentation is under preparation 12 Details on budget, calculation assumptions and breakdown of costs, see Section 5 of the IEE Report, Tab.2 55 55

56 Activities Environmental Reference13 Institutional Responsibility

Proposed Approximate Mitigation 2 Appendix and Issue/ to Contract Timeframe 14 Mitigation Measures Location (will Budget Actions Component Document Implementation Supervision be updated during detail design)

B.6. FAUNA and FLORA B.6.1. Poaching on The use of fire wood for cooking and include Near sensitive Throughout all Contractor SC/ENV Access to wildlife, collecting execution of works will be prohibited areas construction to be sensitive wild plants, No open fires will be allowed include described in period borne by Contractor SC/ENV the IEE, e.g areas and disturbance of Restoration of vegetated areas damaged Contractor include Siranda Lake Contractor SC/ENV/RE fragile ecosystem Strict instructions from the Contractor to ecosystem work staff (particularly the cooks) with include Contractor SC/ENV respect to poaching local wildlife Patrolling and enforcement. include Contractor SC/ENV B.7. ROAD SAFETY and COMMUNITY LIFE B.7.1. Accident risks, Timely public notification on planned include Throughout Throughout all Contractor SC/ENV/RE Vehicular particularly construction works. Project Road, construction to be SC/ENV/RE movement inflicting local Close consultation with local communities include particularly period borne by Contractor near the at communities who to identify optimal solutions for diversions Contractor settlements SC/ENV/RE constructio are not familiar to maintain community integrity & social and sensitive with presence of n sites and links include locations Contractor SC/ENV/RE access/ heavy equipment Seeking cooperation with local education (schools, service facilities (school teachers) for road safety health roads campaigns centres, etc) include Contractor SC/ENV/RE Provision of proper safety signage,

particularly at urban areas and at sensitive/accident-prone spots. include Contractor SC/ENV/RE Setting up speed limits in close consultation with the local stakeholders include Contractor SC/ENV/RE Ensure proper lighting at auxiliary facilities such as bus bays, taxi stands, passengers waiting sheds etc. include Contractor SC/RE/ENV If identified, consider guard rails at accident-prone stretches and sensitive locations (schools).

13 Applicable legal references will be added once the contract documentation is under preparation 14 Details on budget, calculation assumptions and breakdown of costs, see Section 5 of the IEE Report, Tab.2

Activities Environmental Reference13 Institutional Responsibility Proposed Approximate Mitigation and Issue/ to Contract Timeframe 14 Mitigation Measures Location (will Budget Actions Component Document Implementation Supervision be updated during detail design) B.7.2. Accident and Ensure safety code for work staff is include at all Project Throughout all Contractor SC/ENV/RE Risks health risks observed, ensuring the provision and work sites construction to be associated wearing of safety equipment required for period borne by with specific works, e.g. helmets, dust masks, Contractor construction ear muffs, safety goggles, etc. activities At every construction site, a readily include Contractor SC/ENV/RE available and updated first aid unit

including an adequate supply of dressing

materials and a staff with basic medical

knowledge will be provided.

Elaboration of a contingency planning in include Contractor SC/ENV/RE case of major accidents Instruct foremen to strictly enforce the include Contractor SC/ENV/RE keeping out of non-working persons, particularly children, off work sites. Adequate signage, lightning devices, include Contractor SC/ENV/RE barriers and persons with flags during construction to manage traffic at construction sites, haulage and access include Contractor SC/ENV/RE roads. Road safety education will be divulged to drivers operating construction vehicles B.8. SOCIAL BALANCE and PUBLIC RELATIONS B.8.1. Local residents Timely and full public consultation and include entire Project Throughout all Contractor, in SC/ENV/RE Cultural may resist announcement of mobilizing equipment Area construction to be close differences Contractors Establishment of formal links with affected include period borne by consultation SC/ENV/RE between attitudes; communities, Contractor with contractor Cultural clashes Plan for social grievance redress include Local SC/ENV/RE and locals particularly when mechanisms including the Nazeem and Authorities international community leaders. include contractors are SC/ENV/RE Seek assistance from and cooperation with NGOs engaged local NGOs Appendix 2 Appendix

57 57

Activities Environmental Reference13 Institutional Responsibility 58 Proposed Approximate Mitigation and Issue/ to Contract 14 Timeframe Budget Mitigation Measures Location (will 2 Appendix Actions Component Document Implementation Supervision be updated during detail design) B.8.2. Social disturbance Aim at obliging the contractors to employ an Included, Vinder and From early all Contractor SC/ENV/RE

Conflicts because of agreed ratio (>75%) local community Hub town construction to be arising due dissatisfaction (unskilled) labour for construction works; areas period until borne by to the with employing An agreed minimum unskilled labour operation Contractor Contractor SC/ENV/RE mix of local outsiders employment rate for women, at equal pay commences & migratory like men, will be negotiated at early stage. job seekers B.8.3. Conflicts rel. to Establish mechanisms to settle conflicts at include throughout Throughout all BPG SC/ENV/RE Crimes smuggling, early stage entire project construction to be Police transmissible Enforce/support law and order include area, period borne by SC/ENV/RE NGOs / CBOs diseases and Assist to public awareness programs as include particularly at Contractor SC/ENV/RE trafficking applicable, by contacting/collaborating with truck locally engaged NGOs/CBOs stops/hotels B.8.4. Competition for Water supply and sanitation facilities Vinder Throughout all Contractor SC/ENV/RE Use of local natural resources required for labour forces will not include agricultural construction to be resources e.g. with farmers exacerbate the existing shortages and area period borne by and livestock raisers environmental hazards; Contractors should Contractor products and charcoal primarily seek their own sources of water in Contractor SC/ENV/RE due distance (min. 1 km) from local user’s makers include Forest at km wells. 42 used by Ensure labour forces do not exploit adjacent local charcoal forest resources (e.g. Mesquite) without makers written permit from forest owners (e.g. military) B.9. ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES B.9.1. Impacts of In case of detecting any archaeological include throughout Throughout all Contractor SC/ENV/RE Encountering historically artefact, structure, tomb etc., the Contractor entire project construction to be archaeolo- important sites needs immediately halt all works at the find area, including period borne by gical sites and damage to site and brief within shortest time possible borrow sites Contractor during fossils, arte-facts, the Archaeological Department in Karachi. Include, earth tombs, structure In the event of such finding, the Contractor refer to Contractor SC/ENV/RE works etc, as defined in has the duty to secure the site against any Antiques 1975 Antiques intrusion until the archaeological expert will Act Act. decide on further action.

C. OPERATION PHASE C.1. WATER and SOILS 17 C.1.1. Water Pollution Water quality monitoring will be carried Throughout at schedule Monitoring SC/ENV NHA/ENV/ Drainage of from storm waters out during operation phase at schedule Project Area defined in the budget of together with ED runoff from containing approved by the SC/ENV monitoring EMP approved laboratory roads into hazardous If monitored parameters are above the plan water bodies substances prescribed limit, suitable control measures will be taken Congestion of Ensure proper cleaning scheme for only at Vinder as required Town RE/SC drainage keeping drainage structures clear of town Committee structures in debris and blockage Local urban areas authorities C.1.2. Contamination The spills at the accident sites will be throughout as incident NHA/ENV/RE NHA/ED/ Vehicular from spills due to cleared immediately and disposed off Project Area happening ENV movement traffic and properly accidents C.2. AMBIENT AIR QUALITY C.2.1. Emission from Roadside tree plantations as applicable where schedule as included in NHA NHA/ED Vehicular vehicular traffic and feasible under harsh climatic applicable per NHA Project Costs movement causing public conditions; plants should be selected in roadside health risks, accordance to their ability to absorb plantation Monitoring NHA nuisance and emissions scheme - ditto - budget of other impacts on Regular road maintenance to ensure good EMP the bio-physical surface condition

environment Speed limits in areas sensitive

15 Applicable legal references will be added once the contract documentation is under preparation 2 Appendix 16 Details on budget, calculation assumptions and breakdown of costs, see Section 5 of the IEE Report, Tab.2 17 responsible only until termination of Supervision Contract 59 59

Activities Environmental Reference15 Institutional Responsibility 60 Proposed Approximate Mitigation and Actions Issue/ to Contract 16 Timeframe Budget Mitigation Measures Location (will 2 Appendix Component Document Implementation Supervision be updated during detail design) Monitoring air quality at defined schedule urban areas NHA/ED 3

Regular vehicle check to control/ensure and at SC/ENV compliance with NEQS sensitive NHA/ED Enforcement and penalties against traffic spots at schedule Motorway rules violators defined in the Police monitoring plan C.3. NOISE LEVEL and VIBRATIONS C.3.1. Traffic-related Noise measurements will be carried out at Monitoring at at schedule Monitoring NHA/ED NHA/ENV 3 Vehicular noise pollution locations and schedule specified by the Hub and defined in the budget of SC/ENV movement and vibrations NHA/ED to ensure the effectiveness of Vinder town monitoring EMP

from engines, mitigation measures, e.g speed limits and plan

tires and use of noise control plantations at sensitive NHA/ED (pressure) horns spots. as applicable as needed According to monitoring results, additional at sensitive

sound barriers in form of trees and spots

hedges will be discussed with the affected pubic and planted if agreed NHA - ditto - Signs for sensitive zones (health centers / as needed

educational institutions etc.) will to

disallow the use of pressure horns; Motorway - ditto - Police Enforcement and penalties against traffic regularly rules violators C.4. FAUNA and FLORA C.4.1. Accidents with Provision of proper safety signage. near Siranda O & M SC/ENV NHA/RE Vehicular wildlife Setting up speed limits Lake km 72- budget of movement Proper lighting arrangements at petrol 86, and close- EMP by truck stops stations, bus truck stops and petrol Display of signboards alerting drivers’ stations - ditto - attention on wildlife and environmental issues related to safe driving and wildlife encounters. Special education signboards at times when migratory birds tend to approach the highway; inform school masters

Activities Environmental Reference15 Institutional Responsibility Proposed Approximate Mitigation and Actions Issue/ to Contract Timeframe 16 Mitigation Measures Location (will Budget Component Document Implementation Supervision be updated during detail design) C.4.2. Poaching on Display of signboards explaining wildlife O & M SC/ENV3 Fast access wildlife; and other ecological values budget of to sensitive disturbance of Support NGOs advocating against EMP F&WD areas fragile ecosystem falconry hunting of endangered species Workshop (Houbara) Patrolling and enforcement. C.4.3. Maintenance of Monitoring of survival of trees at the rate Throughout Operation O & M in Consultation SC/ENV/RE Roadside Flora of 75 % should be done in the first year of Project Road Stage budget of with Social Plantation the operation phase and suitable EMP Forestry Dept.

mitigation measures should be taken to

protect the trees NHA NHA Efforts will be made for proper roadside Maintenance maintenance of planted trees, shrubs and plantation grasses to maintain greenery and aesthetics C.5. ROAD SAFETY C.5.1. Accidents In case of spillage, the report to relevant at any location Operation to be SC/ENV3 Vehicular involving departments will be made. such accident Stage borne by movement hazardous Efforts will be made to clean the spills of occurs perpetrator Local materials oil, toxic chemicals etc. as early as Authorities possible. C.5.2. General road Traffic management plan will be throughout Operation NHA budget NHA, with Vehicular safety issues developed, especially along congested Project road stage support from 3 movement locations SC/ENV Traffic control measures including speed Motorway limits will be enforced Police C.6. SOCIAL and ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT C.6.1. Impacts related to Control of encroachment and ribbon Throughout Operation included in SC/EN V 3 Increase in desired and development along improved highway Project road stage monitoring NHA facilities, undesired Tourism development need to be costs SC/ENV 3 mobility, development supported and channeled to high value access, and following road ecotourism Motorway shipment of sector projects Control and enforcement against Police Appendix 2 Appendix goods smuggling and other crimes

61 61

62 Activities Environmental Reference18 Institutional Responsibility

Proposed Approximate Mitigation 2 Appendix and Issue/ to Contract Timeframe 19 Mitigation Measures Location (will Budget Actions Component Document Implementation Supervision be updated during detail design)

OTHER MATTER C.6.2. Generate water An environmental assessment study to The At the same Additional Technical NHA/ENV/ Construction and solid wastes identify potential impacts in accordance to environmental time when budget will Design Provincial of parking Air and Noise the Government and ADB’s environmental assessment the detail be required Engineer team EPA study should facilities pollution guidelines has to be prepared during the design will be cover the detail design study to identify appropriate carried out Inconvenience parking living environment mitigation measures facilities site and affected area

Abbreviations: BPG = Balochistan Provincial Government ED = Environmental Department of NHA (= GM Environment/Lands) ENV = Environmental Expert, contracted by Supervision Consultant F&WD = Forest & Wildlife Department NHA = National Highway Authority RE = Resident Engineer, contracted by SC SC = Supervision Consultant

18 Applicable legal references will be added once the contract documentation is under preparation 19 Details on budget, calculation assumptions and breakdown of costs, see Section 5 of the IEE Report, Tab.2

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR N50 KUCHLAK - ZHOB SECTION

A. DESIGN AND PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE A.1. ALIGNMENT and SHOULDER WIDTH OPTIONS A.1.1. Hindrance of market In built-up areas, consider widening on Possibly only throughout Technical NHA/ENV/ Formation opportunities, one side of carriageway only in few built-up project life Design RE width in built-up loading and vending Incorporate technical design features areas; Engineer areas activities that allows flexible shoulder width in towns in towns Maintain level in urban areas (no raising) - ditto - Explore the incorporation of additional parking lots and bus bays in market areas A.1.2. Land Loss of homes, Minimize land acquisition wherever In built-up & observe Designer NHA/RE acquisition assets and land possible crop lands prescribed Resettlement Provide for RAP and compensation notification Expert A.2. SAFETY A.2.1. Uneasy traffic flow, Improve road geometry Applies throughout Technical NHA/RE Design congestions and Provide markings for centre and edge particularly for project life Design highway to undesired lines and stop lines at junctions and bus areas in Engineer standards with encounters with stops settlements on special slow traffic and All signs, markings and bridge plates entire reference to pedestrians; must be reflectorized alignment local dangers Hazardous driving Improve junction layouts conditions due to In built-up areas, consider widening on livestock crossing one side of carriageway only, incorporate and drift sands. service lane and crossings for pedestrians

3 Appendix a Applicable legal references will be added once the contract documentation is under preparation b Details on budget, calculation assumptions and breakdown of costs, see Section 5 of the IEE Report, Tab.4 63

Referencea 3 Appendix Activities Environmental Proposed Approximate Mitigation Institutional and Actions Issue/ to Contract b Responsibility Mitigation Measures Location Timeframe Budget Component Document Implementation Supervision bus, taxi and rickshaw bays in built-up areas Warning signage where drift sands occur Give due consideration (traffic signage) to areas where livestock / camels are crossing A.3. STRUCTURES A.3.1. Flash flows may Adequately design cross-sections of throughout throughout Technical Location in damage structures drainage structures based on hydraulic Project project life Design area with or cause drainage studies, taking regional/local lessons Corridor Engineer strong sheet problems in urban learned into consideration and flash flow areas Protective measures against scour risks problems at bridges and culverts - ditto - (gabions at abutments, retaining- and wingwalls, aprons for culverts); rip-rap and/or, as applicable, additional planting

with soil-stabilizing shrubs and grasses - ditto - In built-up areas, provide sufficient sizing

of drains, possibly install small check dams to reduce velocity of water flow. All structures will be constructed with - ditto - reasonable safety against seismic acceleration A.3.2. Drift sands and Design standards of structures to Mainly Shortly Trial and NHA EPA Location in storm gusts causing withstand wind velocities of 130 km/hr, between km before enhancement NHA area subject to obstruction and including the consideration of longitudinal 85 and 180 commence- planting Maintenance dust and sand risks for driving forces. at proposed ment budget EMP SC/ENV storms for stabilizing aeolic sediments (non- Muslimbagh palatable to grazers) test planting of bypass scrubs next to embankment Plan for regular road maintenance during season with high incidents of dust storms

Referencea Activities Environmental Proposed Approximate Mitigation Institutional and Actions Issue/ to Contract b Responsibility Mitigation Measures Location Timeframe Budget Component Document Implementation Supervision A.3.3. Seismic activities Adequately design all structures based throughout throughout Technical NHA/RE Location in may damage on material/ construction studies that Project project life Design area with structures take into account activities up to the Corridor Engineer strong seismic scales indicated in the seismicity NHA/ seismicity maps. Maintenance Seismic loads for bridges to be and computed in accordance to Draft Seismic Local Code of Pakistan. Authorities Discuss with local authorities contingency planning measures with respect to road connectivity and rapid remedial reconstruction of structures in case of earth quake events or other natural disasters (e.g. tidal surge waves and extraordinary floods). A.4. ROADSIDE VEGTATION and PLANTATION A.4.1. Loss of plants in an Incorporate technical design to minimize entire throughout Technical NHA/RE Loss of area with already removal of roadside plantation alignment project life Design roadside scarce biodiversity, Apply flexibility in decision as which side in situ Engineer and loss of vegetation due to be widened, or in reducing locally the planning - ditto - to widening functional benefits shoulder width decision from roadside formation Plan for compensatory planting for each plants felled, 2 plants of similar floral function - ditto – NHA Disallow introduction of exotic species or roadside species with known environmental all along plantation setbacks (e.g. Eucalyptus, Prosopis) alignment budget A.5. WILDLIFE and ADJACENT ECOLOGICAL SENSITIVE AREAS A.5.1. Traffic accidents with Incorporate cautionary signage to raise At stretch near throughout Included in Technical F&WD/NHA Disturbance to wildlife, particularly attention of road users for wildlife Takatu Game project life the O&M Design ecological mi-gratory birds and crossing in areas at risk Reserve km 5- budget of the Engineer EMP sensitive areas night-active Assist in public awareness programs 25 adjacent or near predatory mammals where applicable, e.g. planning of wildlife at truck stop in

Included in NGOs/CBOs/ 3 Appendix to highway information signboards Kuchlak and at Ziarat Junction Workshop local EMP-budget communities 65

Referencea 3 Appendix Activities Environmental Proposed Approximate Mitigation Institutional and Actions Issue/ to Contract b Responsibility Mitigation Measures Location Timeframe Budget Component Document Implementation Supervision A.6. MAINTAINING AIR QUALITY and NOISE LEVELS A.6.1. Increase of air and Incorporate technical design features at towns and throughout Technical NHA/RE Increase noise pollution and that enable continual traffic flux and villages project life Design Engineer of traffic associated health avoid congestions (e.g. signboards, - ditto - intensity risks for roadside speed limits, speed bumpers, bays); - ditto -

residents Include design measures to prevent - ditto - blockage of bus bays and carriageways mosques, by street vendors, particularly in the schools vicinity of local market places. Consider noise barriers in sensitive areas A.6.2. Air pollution Planning for burning sites in due distance include Pertaining to During NHA , in bid NHA/ ENV Creation and associated to human settlements settlement construction documents Department burning of with burning Disallow siting for work camps, including include areas only wastes at or garbage waste dump sites, in distances closer NHA , in bid near camp site than 5 km to any inhabited areas; include at prospective documents Incorporate technical design features for campsite Design refuse collection containers at sites that - ditto - Consultant would minimize burning impacts; - ditto ´- Devise plan for safe handling, storage and disposal of harmful materials. A.7. SOIL and BORROW MATERIAL A.7.1. Change of edaphic Agricultural areas will be avoided for include Borrow areas Long-lasting NHA , in bid NHA/ EV/RE Excavation of characteristics; loss borrowing of materials, unless requested at/near consequences documents earth from of topsoil; by the landowner for lowering the land to agriculture borrow areas impact on create new irrigation polders include and irrigation NHA , in bid agriculture Contractor needs to obtain approval from areas documents SC/ENV for excavation and for plan of rehabilitating the site after excavation.

Referencea Activities Environmental Proposed Approximate Mitigation Institutional and Actions Issue/ to Contract b Responsibility Mitigation Measures Location Timeframe Budget Component Document Implementation Supervision A.7.2. Degradation of Excavation in farmlands and at river sites include At all Long-lasting NHA , in bid NHA/ EV/RE Acquisition of existing river beds, close to settlements will be prohibited. agricultural consequences documents conglomerate alteration of surface Instead, explorations of nullahs in the sites and rocky sub- and groundwater uninhabited desert lands are and Zhob base material regime, land-use recommended for sand borrow. include River in close NHA , in bid conflicts Maximum use of existing quarries for vicinity to documents conglomerates from approved and include Zhob formerly used quarry sites t.b.d Design Lands could also be selected through Consultant / community consultation, which could Sociologist subsequently be developed into fishponds or other productive purposes.

A.8. UTILITIES A.8.1. Public Public utilities to be Timely notifications and consultations include To be None, if GOP NHA to notify Respective utilities affected may create with respective agencies; checked all timely all concerned departments disrupt-ion of public All public utilities (e.g. water pipes, along the organized line agencies of NHA services and power/ telephone lines, OFC likely to be project and economics impacted by the carriageway widening corridor implemented need be re-located well ahead to works commencement. A.9. CULTURAL HERITAGE A.9.1. Cultural Impacts on Widening activities avoid any include To be At planning Included in NHA , in bid NHA/ED properties mosques, shrines, interference with cultural heritage sites. checked all stage Meeting documents madrasas In case of unavoidable interference prior include along the Budget of Design NHA/ED graveyards and notification and consultation needs to be project EMP Consultant / archaeological sites made to reach consensus on procedures corridor Sociologist and options (e.g. relocation/re-building) or any other form of agreed compensation. 3 Appendix

Referencea 3 Appendix Activities Environmental Proposed Approximate Mitigation Institutional and Actions Issue/ to Contract b Responsibility Mitigation Measures Location Timeframe Budget Component Document Implementation Supervision B. CONSTRUCTION PHASE B.1. CAMP SITE B.1.1. Acceptability to Contractor need obtain clearance include at selection at Contractor’s Contractor NHA/ED Site selection public/owner; permit for siting work camps, stack stage for cost RE/ interferences yards & workshop, include Camp Sites Contractor SC/ENV Contractor must present to RE a copy of the agreement made with the landowner B.1.2. Loss of vegetation All efforts during the design stage include at prospective while All at Contractor NHA/ED Site clearing and assets on the should be made to minimize the Camp Sites establishing Contractor’s SC/ENV/RE and selected land, and removal of existing macro-plants at include - ditto – Camp Sites cost Contractor preparation, dissatisfaction on camp sites - ditto – and re- rehabilitation Contractor will provide plan for removal include Contractor measures after & rehabilitation of site upon completion installation - ditto - completion works after Photographical and botanical inventory include Contractor contract of vegetation before clearing the site completion Compensatory plantation to be scheduled when construction works near end; for each tree removed 2 new shall be planted B.1.3. Sanitation Health risks to work The Contractor will provide a proper include At all solid throughout all Contractor SC/ENV/RE & waste force and public if waste management plan. and liquid operation of to be disposal not properly The sewage system for such camps will include waste work camps borne by Contractor facilities at managed be properly designed (pit latrines or, as collection and Contractor camps latrine sites of required, septic tanks) to receive all include Contractor sanitary wastewaters camps

Sewage treatment facility will be Contractor designed and located to ensure that no water pollution takes place. include

Lined wash areas will be constructed within the camp site or at site approved by the RE, for the receipt of wash waters from construction machinery. include contractor Sample from drinking water resources will be check quarterly

Referencea Activities Environmental Proposed Approximate Mitigation Institutional and Actions Issue/ to Contract b Responsibility Mitigation Measures Location Timeframe Budget Component Document Implementation Supervision B.2. CONSTRUCTION WORKS B.2.1. Health risks if work Obligatory insurance against accidents to valid for entire At camp all Contractor NHA/SC/ Work safety conditions provide work labourers construction sites to be ENV/RE and hygienic unsafe and/or Providing basic medical training to area - ditto - borne by Contractor conditions unfavorable work specified work staff, and basic medical Throughout and Contractor conditions as well service and supplies to workers operation of throughout as potential spread Layout plan for camp site, to be work camps construction Contractor of HIV/AIDS and approved by the SC/ENV indicating period hepatitis safety measures taken by the contractor,

e.g. fire fighting equipment, safe storage - ditto - of hazardous material, first aid, security, - ditto - Contractor fencing, and contingency measures in case of accidents; - ditto - Work safety measures and good - ditto - workmanship practices are to be Contractor

followed by the contractor to ensure no health risks for labourers; - ditto - Contractor Protection devices (ear muffs) will be - ditto - provided to the workers operating in the - ditto - Contractor vicinity of high noise generating throughout construction machines - ditto - Contractor period Provision of adequate sanitation, - ditto - Contractor washing, cooking. and dormitory facilities including light up to satisfaction approved RE/Local by the SC; Government/ Proper maintenance of facilities for NGO/CBO workers will be monitored by the SC/ENV regular pest control measures in dormitories Obligatory warning of work staff if pest hazard is imminent or detected; Awareness campaign Appendix 3 Appendix 69

Referencea 3 Appendix Activities Environmental Proposed Approximate Mitigation Institutional and Actions Issue/ to Contract b Responsibility Mitigation Measures Location Timeframe Budget Component Document Implementation Supervision B.2.2. Security hazards Proper storage and fencing/locking of include at throughout all Contractor SC/ENV/RE Camp site and related conflicts storage rooms containing hazardous Construction construction to be security material include camp period borne by Contractor Employment of guard for storage rooms. include locations Contractor Contractor Provision of adequate security against sabotage, petrol pilfering and theft. B.2.3. Wages Inequities in wages, The Contractors will agree to pre-defined include at all throughout all Contractor NHA/SC/ and Work underpayment and minimum wages Construction construction to be ENV/RE Regulations gender-biased Women must receive wages equal to the include sites period borne by Contractor wages wage paid to men for equal works include Contractor Contractor Wages shall be made public to all include Contractor labourers include Contractor Child labour will be strictly ruled out; Contractor has to respect local festivals include Contractor and religious customs that would temporarily interfere with work performance; Sub-Contractors have to adhere to the same wage principles B.2.4. Work safety and Provision of protective clothing for include at all throughout all Contractor NHA/SC/ Storage, human health risks labourers handling hazardous materials, Construction construction to be ENV/RE handling, e.g. helmet, adequate footwear for sites period borne by transport of bituminous pavement works, protective include Contractor Contractor hazardous goggles, gloves etc. construction Ensure strict use of wearing these materials protective clothing during work activities B.2.5. Contamination of All spoils will be disposed off as desired include All During all Contractor NHA/SC/ Creation of soil from and the site will be restored back to its construction construction to be ENV/RE construction construction wastes original conditions before handing over. sites and borne by waste material and quarry Non-bituminous wastes from include entire project Contractor Contractor materials construction activities will be dumped in area sites approved by the SC/ENV/RE, in line with the legal prescriptions for

dumpsites, and covered with a layer of Contractor the conserved topsoil.

Referencea Activities Environmental Proposed Approximate Mitigation Institutional and Actions Issue/ to Contract b Responsibility Mitigation Measures Location Timeframe Budget Component Document Implementation Supervision Bituminous wastes will be disposed off include in an identified dumping site approved by EPA B.2.6. Soil compaction and Construction vehicles, machinery and include throughout During borne by Contractor SC/ENV/RE Movement of alteration of equipment will move, or be stationed in Project construction Contractor vehicles in the percolation and the designated ROW, to avoid Corridor construction vegetation pattern; unnecessary compaction of soil. Contractor site and along Damage to Damages will be instantly repaired include the haulage properties and and/or compensated at Contractor’s NHA/EPA routes utilities obligation at defined Monitoring SC/ENV Water and soil quality will be monitored schedule budget of as envisaged in the Environmental EMP Monitoring Plan B.2.7. Contamination of Slopes of embankment leading to water include At all During Engineering Contractor NHA/SC/ Movement, soil and bodies will be modified and screened so perennial river construction Cost ENV/RE maintenance groundwater from that contaminants do not enter the bed crossings at defined and fuelling of fuel and lubricants water body at all work schedule construction Construction vehicles and equipment include sites to be vehicles will be properly maintained and borne by refuelled in such way that oil/diesel

spillage does not contaminate the soil. Contractor Fuel storage and refuelling sites will be include kept away from drainage channels.

Oil and grease traps will be provided at fuelling locations, to prevent include contamination of water. Unusable debris shall be dumped in include nearest landfill sites. Waste oil and shall be sold off to NHA/ authorized vendors include SC/ENV EPA Water quality will be monitored as envisaged in the Environmental include Monitoring budget of

Monitoring Plan 3 Appendix EMP

Referencea 3 Appendix Activities Environmental Proposed Approximate Mitigation Institutional and Actions Issue/ to Contract b Responsibility Mitigation Measures Location Timeframe Budget Component Document Implementation Supervision B.2.8. Contamination of Dismantling of existing formation is not include At possible During Contractor SC/ENV /RE Spoil material soil / water and considered, instead, bituminous layers sites that will construction sites impact on will be used as sub-base for topping up be examined to landscape value If spoil material develops, pits will be include prevent Contractor used after examination on possible soil contamination and water contamination risks. Spoils will then be covered with sandy conglomerates. B.2.9. Soil Erosion, In areas with strong sheet flow, high include At all sites During Engineering Contractor SC/ENV/RE Embankment Loss of vegetation embankments will be provided with where high construction Cost works: and habitat chutes and drains to minimize soil embankments Excavation of erosion. Stone pitching and retaining include are required, - ditto . Engineering Contractor walls will be made at high earth, cutting e.g. near Cost embankments in critical areas (> 40% operations, bridges gradient) embanking, include - ditto . Engineering Contractor clearing of As applicable and needed, plantation of grasses and shrubs will be done for Cost vegetations slope protection. during Soil erosion checking measures such as include construction Contractor Contractor the formation of sediment basins, slope and drains, etc, will be carried out. operation Supervision SC/ENV Soil erosion along the road shall be include stage Cost visually checked as given in the

environmental monitoring plan. B.2.10. Soil erosion, No productive land or land adjacent to include Quarries and During the Contractor SC/ENV/RE Procurement of change of hydraulic agricultural / irrigated land will be used borrow areas construction construction patterns and Non-productive, barren lands in broken include phase Contractor materials landscape terrain, nullahs and publicly recognized degradation waste lands should be given preference following as been recommended for borrowing

unauthorized use of materials; Contractor quarries & borrow Aggregate required for road areas construction procured from quarries include need approval from NHA.

Referencea Activities Environmental Proposed Approximate Mitigation Institutional and Actions Issue/ to Contract b Responsibility Mitigation Measures Location Timeframe Budget Component Document Implementation Supervision B.2.11. Borrow Land disputes, Soil The Contractor must obtain any include All borrow During all Contractor SC/ENV/RE pit land lease erosion, loss of necessary permits for borrow pits from sites in entire construction to be agreement potential crop land, the competent authorities, including project area borne by loss of vegetation NHA include Before Contractor Contractor and landscape The Contractor must present a copy of starting the agreement made with the landowner degradation borrow to the SC/ENV; include excavation Contractor The Contractor will be obliged to make an bio-physical inventory of the site, Upon including complete photographic documentation, and present it to the completion of SC/ENV for verification ; This excavation documentation will be used as criteria for the rehabilitation obligations agreed. B.2.12. Soil Erosion, No excavations are allowed within include All borrow During all Contractor SC/ENV/RE Borrow pit damage to road distance of 100 m to ROW sites in entire borrow to be excavation embankment and In borrow pits the depth of the pit will be include project area borne by Contractor activities public health risks regulated so that the sides of the Contractor excavation will have a slope not steeper than 1: 4. include Upon Contractor Soil erosion along the borrow pit shall completion of be regularly checked to prevent / excavation SC/ENV/RE mitigate impacts on adjacent lands. include Contractor In case borrow pits fill with water, measures have to be taken to prevent the creation of mosquito-breeding sites. Provisions for Soil Erosion, Abandoning borrow areas without include All borrow Upon all Contractor SC/ENV/RE rehabilitation of derelict land-uses, proper rehabilitation measures will be sites in entire completion of to be EPA borrow pit conflicts, visual disallowed. include project area excavation borne by Contractor SC/ENV sores in the The Contractor’s agreement with the Contractor landscape, landowner must determine the options - ditto - and appropriate measures for public health risks due to development rehabilitation of the borrow pit as of mosquito- approved by the SC/ENV, such as

reshaping the borrow site into a desired 3 Appendix breeding pits land-use plot (e.g. irrigation field, fishpond), replantation aiming at double amount of trees removed from the site. 73

B.3. WATER B.3.1. Conflict with local The contractor will make arrangements include Throughout During all Contractor SC/ENV Use of water water demand for water required for construction in Project Area construction to be for construction such a way that the water availability borne by and consumption and supply to nearby communities include Contractor Contractor SC/ENV remain unaffected.

For construction purposes, water shall

be drawn from surface water bodies on priority and as available. B.3.2. Risk of polluting Application of good engineering and include Throughout During all Contractor SC/ENV/RE Spillage surface and construction practice Project Road construction to be of liquid wastes groundwater from The contractor shall ensure that include borne by Contractor liquid waste construction debris do not find their way Near Contractor spillage, drainage into the minor drainage channels which settlements and run-off from may get clogged.

construction sites Work on river banks will be kept to a include throughout Contractor minimum, and retaining walls be area with (re-)constructed surface waters To maintain the surface water flow/drainage, proper mitigation include Contractor measures will be taken along the road, like drainage structures in urban areas Prohibit washing of machinery and include vehicles in surface waters, provide sealed washing basins and collect wastewater in sedimentation/retention pond B.3.3. Earth- Contamination of Construction work close to the streams Include Throughout During all Contractor SC/ENV/RE and stone- water due to or other water bodies will be avoided, Project Road construction to be work, other construction waste especially during monsoon period. borne by construction Take precautions construct temporary include Contractor Contractor activities or permanent devices to prevent water affecting water pollution due to increased siltation At approved Contractor resources Wastes must be collected, stored and include dump site taken to approved disposal site.

Referencea Activities Environmental Proposed Approximate Mitigation Institutional and Actions Issue/ to Contract b Responsibility Mitigation Measures Location Timeframe Budget Component Document Implementation Supervision B.3.4. Earth- Uncontrolled Pre-blasting geological, geomorphologic include At prospective as all Contractor SC/ENV/RE and stone- explosions can and hydrological studies blasting sites applicable, to be work, in hill trigger landslides Application of good engineering and include during borne by Contractor cuts requiring and affect hydraulic construction practice, particularly while construction Contractor blasting regime defining doses for explosives; consulting of experienced experts Contractor mandatory. include Small iterative blasts at shorter distances instead of few massive loads, and blasting from top to bottom of hill. Contractor All precautionary measures and include obligations stipulated by regulations and by authorities concerned with the issuing of permits using explosives need to be complied with. B.3.5. Safety hazards to Application of good engineering and include At prospective as all Contractor SC/ENV/RE Use of workers, and construction practice, particularly while blasting sites applicable, to be explosives for passers-by; preparing for explosion, i.e. securing include during borne by Contractor hill cuts Uncontrolled wider area, optical and acoustical construction Contractor warning signs; triggering with Provision of protective equipment for accident Contractor consequences workers include Elaboration of contingency plan, including the stand-by of first aid equipment and heavy dozers. Safe storage of explosive at site as per International Explosive Storage guidelines B.3.6. Surplus hill cut Contractor needs submit a plan for include At prospective as all Contractor SC/ENV/RE Surplus of hill rocks, can block or using and/or proper disposal of surplus blasting sites applicable, to be cut rocks alter waterways and material in a way to prevent during borne by contribute to gully contamination and blockage of surface construction Contractor erosion waters as well as dumping of this excess materials in river valleys or in designated forest areas. 3 Appendix

Referencea 3 Appendix Activities Environmental Proposed Approximate Mitigation Institutional and Actions Issue/ to Contract b Responsibility Mitigation Measures Location Timeframe Budget Component Document Implementation Supervision B.4. AIR POLLUTION CONTROL B.4.1. Emission from Diversion roads in built-up areas will be include all diversions throughout to be Contractor SC/ENV/ Vehicular construction established and scheduled to minimize in populated construction borne by RE movement and vehicles and traffic congestion areas period Contractor running of machinery, causing Diversion roads will be black-topped to include - ditto - Contractor machineries public health risks, prevent excessive dust development nuisance and other All temporary service and access roads include - ditto - Contractor impacts on the bio- will be regularly water-sprayed to physical minimize the dust generation:

environment Schedules will be adjusted to actual include needs, determined by the SC - ditto - Contractor All machinery and plants will be placed

at min. 5 km at downwind direction to at workshops human settlements. include - ditto - Contractor of Contractor All vehicles, equipment and machinery

used for construction will be regularly maintained to ensure that the pollution t.b.d. approved emission levels conform to the NEQS. include e.g. 5 Monitoring monitoring ENV/EPA locations Air quality parameters will be monitored budget of agency at determined sites and schedule EMP determined by the SC/ENV B.4.2. Dust generation Ensure precautions to reduce the level include at sites of hot throughout All Contractor SC/ENV/ Running of from construction of dust emissions from, hot mix plants, mix plant construction to be RE asphalt mix machineries crushers and batching plants will be period borne by plants, causing health risks taken up, e.g. providing them, as Contractor crushers, etc., to operating applicable, with protection canvasses workers, impact and dust extraction units. Mixing

on bio-physical equipment will be well sealed and

environment equipped as per existing standards. Contractor Water will be sprayed in the include

lime/cement and earth mixing sites. Contractor Work safety measures like dust masks include

shall be taken by the contractor to ensure no health risks for operators

Referencea Activities Environmental Proposed Approximate Mitigation Institutional and Actions Issue/ to Contract b Responsibility Mitigation Measures Location Timeframe Budget Component Document Implementation Supervision B.4.3. Dust and emissions Vehicles delivering loose and fine include Throughout During Engineering Contractor SC/ENV/ B.4.4. Trans- from machineries materials like sand and fine aggregates Project Road construction Cost RE portation of causing health risks shall be covered to reduce spills on materials, and to operators; existing road. Construction Monitoring Contractor include other impacts on the bio- Ambient air quality monitoring will be sites near the budget of through construction physical carried out in accordance to the major EMP approved activities that environment Environmental Monitoring Plan; settlements monitoring create dust and Once the monitored parameters are include agency emissions above the prescribed NEQS-limits suitable control measures must be taken. B.5. NOISE CONTROL B.5.1. Noise from vehicles, The plants and equipment used for include At hot mix During Contractor SC/ENV /RE Running of asphalt plants and construction will strictly conform to noise plant, batching construction construction equipment standards specified in the NEQS. plants & machinery Vehicles and equipment used will be include Construction Contractor fitted, as applicable, with silencers and sites properly maintained. Built-up areas In urban areas construction activities will include Contractor be restricted to be carried out between 6 Schools along a.m. and 20 p.m. the length of Hedges as noise barriers in sensitive include project road Included in Contractor areas (in front of schools, hospitals, Trial Planting ambulances, mosques). Towns and villages t.b.d. and Enhance- Public hearings to discuss appropriate Contractor ment Budget solutions and materials to control noise include of EMP (e.g. mud or brick walls, bushes, etc.) Monitoring at

In accordance with the Environmental selected towns Contractor and villages Monitoring Plan noise measurements will through be carried out at locations and schedule include approved specified by the SC/ENV to ensure the monitoring effectiveness of mitigation measures agency Asphalt plant should be located 500 m

away from settlement area (down wind). 3 Appendix

Referencea 3 Appendix Activities Environmental Proposed Approximate Mitigation Institutional and Actions Issue/ to Contract b Responsibility Mitigation Measures Location Timeframe Budget Component Document Implementation Supervision B.6. FAUNA and FLORA B.6.1. Access to Poaching on The use of fire wood for cooking include Near throughout all Contractor SC/ENV/ sensitive wildlife, collecting and execution of works will be sensitive constructio to be RE/F&WD areas and wild plants, prohibited include areas n period borne by Contractor described in fragile disturbance of No open fires will be allowed include Contractor Contractor ecosystem ecosystem the IEE, e.g Restoration of vegetated areas Takatu damaged include Mountain Contractor Strict instructions from the Range Contractor to work staff include Contractor (particularly the cooks) with respect to poaching local wildlife Patrolling and enforcement. B.7. ROAD SAFETY and COMMUNITY LIFE B.7.1. Accident risks, Timely public notification on include Throughout throughout all Contractor SC/ENV/ Vehicular particularly planned construction works. Project constructio to be RE movement at inflicting local Close consultation with local include Road, n period borne by particularly construction communities who communities to identify optimal Contractor Contractor near the sites and are not familiar solutions for diversions to maintain settlements with presence of access/ community integrity & social links include and sensitive heavy equipment service roads Seeking cooperation with local locations Contractor education facilities (school (schools, teachers) for road safety campaigns health include Provision of proper safety signage, centres, etc) Contractor particularly at urban areas and at

sensitive/accident-prone spots.

Referencea Activities Environmental Proposed Approximate Mitigation Institutional and Actions Issue/ to Contract b Responsibility Mitigation Measures Location Timeframe Budget Component Document Implementation Supervision Setting up speed limits in close include Contractor consultation with the local stakeholders Ensure proper lighting at auxiliary Contractor facilities such as bus bays, taxi stands, include passengers waiting sheds etc. If identified, consider guard rails at Contractor accident-prone stretches and sensitive include locations (schools). B.7.2. Accident and health Ensure safety code for work staff is include at all Project throughout all Contractor NHA/SC/ Risks risks observed, ensuring the provision and work sites construction to be ENV/RE associated with wearing of safety equipment required period borne by construction for specific works, e.g. helmets, dust Contractor activities masks, ear muffs, safety goggles, etc. At every construction site, a readily include Contractor available and updated first aid unit

including an adequate supply of

dressing materials and a staff with basic medical knowledge will be provided. Elaboration of a contingency planning include Contractor in case of major accidents Instruct foremen to strictly enforce the include Contractor keeping out of non-working persons, particularly children, off work sites

Adequate signage, lightning devices, include Contractor barriers and persons with flags during construction to manage traffic at construction sites, haulage and access roads. Road safety education will be divulged include Contractor to drivers operating construction vehicles

3 Appendix

Referencea 3 Appendix Activities Environmental Proposed Approximate Mitigation Institutional and Actions Issue/ to Contract b Responsibility Mitigation Measures Location Timeframe Budget Component Document Implementation Supervision B.8. SOCIAL BALANCE and PUBLIC RELATIONS B.8.1. Local residents may Timely and full public consultation and include entire Project throughout all Contractor, in SC/ENV/ Cultural resist Contractors announcement of mobilizing equipment Area construction to be close RE differences attitudes; Establishment of formal links with include period borne by consultation between Cultural clashes affected communities, Contractor with contractor and particularly when Plan for social grievance redress include Local locals international mechanisms including the Nazeem and Authorities contractors are community leaders. engaged Seek assistance from and cooperation include NGOs with local NGOs

B.8.2. Conflicts Social disturbance Familiarize outside labourers on local Include, town areas From early all Contractor SC/ENV/ arising due to the and etiquettes (e.g. chadar and purdah) construction to be RE mix of local & dissatisfaction with Aim at obliging the contractors to employ include period until borne by migratory job employing outsiders an agreed ratio (>75%) local community operation Contractor Contractor seekers (unskilled) labour for construction works; commences An agreed minimum unskilled labour include employment rate for women, at equal pay like men, will be negotiated at early stage. B.8.3. Conflicts rel. to Establish mechanisms to settle conflicts include throughout throughout all BPG SC/ENV/ Crimes smuggling, at early stage entire project construction to be RE Police transmissible Enforce/support law and order include area, period borne by NGOs / CBOs diseases and Assist to public awareness programs as include particularly at Contractor

trafficking applicable, by contacting/collaborating truck with locally engaged NGOs/CBOs stops/hotels

adjacent forest resources without written permit from forest owners or local community leaders. B.9. ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES B.9.1. Impacts of In case of detecting any archaeological include throughout throughout all Contractor SC/ENV/ Encountering historically artefact, structure, tomb etc., the entire project construction to be RE archaeological important sites and Contractor needs immediately halt all area, including period borne by damage to fossils, works at the find site and brief within sites during borrow sites Contractor arte-facts, tombs, shortest time possible the Archaeological earth works structure etc, as Department in Karachi. Include, defined in 1975 In the event of such finding, the refer to Contractor Antiques Act Contractor has the duty to secure the site Antiques against any intrusion until the Act 1975 archaeological expert will decide on further action. C. OPERATION PHASE

C.1. WATER and SOILS c C.1.1. Water Pollution Water quality monitoring will be carried Throughout at schedule Monitoring SC/ENV NHA/ED/ Drainage of from storm waters out during operation phase at schedule Project Area defined in budget of together with ENV runoff from containing approved by the SC/ENV the EMP approved laboratory roads into hazardous If monitored parameters are above the monitoring water bodies substances prescribed limit, suitable control plan measures will be taken

Appendix 3 Appendix

c responsible only until termination of Supervision Contract 81

Referenced 3 Appendix Activities Environmental Proposed Approximate Mitigation Institutional and Actions Issue/ to Contract e Responsibility Mitigation Measures Location Timeframe Budget Component Document Implementation Supervision Congestion of Ensure proper cleaning scheme for In all built-up as required Town Committee drainage structures keeping drainage structures clear of areas Local authorities in urban areas debris and blockage C.1.2. Contamination from The spills at the accident sites will be throughout as incident NHA/RE NHA/ED/ Vehicular spills due to traffic cleared immediately and disposed off Project Area happening ENV movement and accidents properly C.2. AMBIENT AIR QUALITY C.2.1. Emission from Roadside tree plantations as applicable Where schedule as included in NHA/RE NHA/ED/ Vehicular vehicular traffic and feasible under harsh climatic applicable per NHA Project Costs ENV movement causing public conditions; plants should be selected in roadside health risks, accordance to their ability to absorb plantation Monitoring nuisance and other emissions scheme - ditto - budget of NHA/RE

impacts on the bio- Regular road maintenance to ensure EMP physical good surface condition 4 urban areas NHA/ED environment 3 Speed limits at sensitive locations and at 4 SC/ENV Monitoring air quality at defined sensitive at schedule NHA/ED schedule spots defined in Regular vehicle check to control/ensure the Motorway Police compliance with NEQS monitoring Enforcement and penalties against plan traffic rules violators

C.3. NOISE LEVEL and VIBRATIONS C.3.1. Traffic-related noise Noise measurements will be carried out Monitoring at schedule Monitoring NHA/ED EPA as needed 3 at locations and schedule specified by SC/ENV Vehicular pollution and at 4 towns defined in the budget of movement vibrations from the NHA/ED to ensure the effectiveness and 4 monitoring EMP engines, tires and of mitigation measures, e.g speed limits villages plan use of (pressure) and noise control plantations at horns sensitive spots.

d Applicable legal references will be added once the contract documentation is under preparation e Details on budget, calculation assumptions and breakdown of costs, see Section 5 of the IEE Report, Tab.4

Referencef Activities Environmental Proposed Approximate Mitigation Institutional and Actions Issue/ to Contract g Responsibility Mitigation Measures Location Timeframe Budget Component Document Implementation Supervision According to monitoring results, as applicable NHA/ED additional sound barriers in form of at sensitive as needed trees and hedges will be discussed with spots

the affected pubic and planted if agreed

regularly Signs for sensitive zones (health - ditto - NHA centers / educational institutions etc.) will to disallow the use of pressure horns; - ditto - Motorway Enforcement and penalties against Police traffic rules violators C.4. FAUNA and FLORA C.4.1. Accidents with Provision of proper safety signage. In vicinity of SC/ENV F&WD Vehicular wildlife Setting up speed limits Takatu Game movement Proper lighting arrangements at petrol Reserve km 5-25 stations, bus truck stops Display of signboards alerting drivers’ Workshop & O & M SC/ENV attention on wildlife and environmental Training budget of issues related to safe driving and events EMP wildlife encounters. Special education signboards at times - ditto - - ditto - SC/ENV when migratory birds tend to approach

the highway; inform school masters C.4.2. Poaching on Display of signboards explaining wildlife In vicinity of O & M SC/ENV3 F&WD Fast access to wildlife; disturbance and other ecological values Takatu Game budget of sensitive areas of fragile ecosystem Support NGOs advocating against Reserve EMP km 5-25 falconry hunting of endangered species Workshop (Houbara) F&WD Patrolling and enforcement.

3 Appendix f Applicable legal references will be added once the contract documentation is under preparation g Details on budget, calculation assumptions and breakdown of costs, see Section 5 of the IEE Report, Tab.4 83

Referencef 3 Appendix Activities Environmental Proposed Approximate Mitigation Institutional and Actions Issue/ to Contract g Responsibility Mitigation Measures Location Timeframe Budget Component Document Implementation Supervision C.4.3. Maintenance of Monitoring of survival of trees at the Throughout Operation O & M in Consultation SC/ENV3/ Roadside Flora rate of 75 % should be done in the first Project Road Stage budget of with Social RE Plantation year of the operation phase and EMP Forestry Dept.

suitable mitigation measures should be

taken to protect the trees

Efforts will be made for proper NHA NHA maintenance of planted trees, shrubs roadside Maintenance and grasses to maintain greenery and plantation aesthetics C.5. ROAD SAFETY C.5.1. Accidents involving In case of spillage, the report to at any location Operation to be SC/ENV3 RE Vehicular hazardous materials relevant departments will be made. such accident Stage borne by movement Efforts will be made to clean the spills occurs perpetrator Local of oil, toxic chemicals etc. as early as Authorities possible. C.5.2. General road safety Traffic management plan will be throughout Operation NHA budget NHA, with Vehicular issues developed, especially along congested Project road stage support from 3 movement locations SC/ENV Traffic control measures including Motorway speed limits will be enforced Police

C.6. SOCIAL and ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT C.6.1. Impacts related to Control of encroachment and ribbon Throughout Operation included in SC/EN V 3 Increase in desired and development along improved highway Project road stage monitoring NHA facilities, undesired Control and enforcement against costs SC/ENV 3 mobility, development smuggling and other crimes Motorway access, and following road Police shipment of sector projects goods

Referencef Activities Environmental Proposed Approximate Mitigation Institutional and Actions Issue/ to Contract g Responsibility Mitigation Measures Location Timeframe Budget Component Document Implementation Supervision Other Matters Changing May lead to generating Undertake additional environmental Along the new Prior Included in Technical NHA/ENV/ By-pass different environmental assessment study to identify potential alignment finalizing the the O&M Design EPA Alignment impacts impacts detail design budget of the Engineer team EMP Undertake consultation with the affected

people of the new alignment Incorporate proposed mitigation and community concerns into detail design If it is categorized as a major change, a new environmental clearance has to be obtained

Construction of Generate water and An environmental assessment study to The At the same Additional Technical NHA/ENV/ parking facilities solid wastes identify potential impacts in accordance environmental time when budget will Design Provincial Air and Noise to the Government and ADB’s assessment the detail be required Engineer team EPA study should pollution environmental guidelines has to be design will cover the prepared during the detail design study be carried Inconvenience living parking environment to identify appropriate mitigation facilities site out measures and affected area

Appendix 3 Appendix 85

Appendix 4 Appendix

1. MONITORING PLAN FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE INDICATORS - N70 MULTAN - MUZAFFARGARH

Project Approx Environmental Parameters Locations Frequency Standards Implementation Supervision Component Stages Cost (Rs)

Air quality Construction PM10, SO2, NOx, (1) at 5-10 m distance at PM10, for continu- EPA Ambient 5*12*20,000 Contractor SC/ENV CO all Hot mix plants, ous 24 hrs, on Air Quality = 1.2 million EPA crushers Batching, monthly schedule; Standards, Independent (2) Multan, km 0 NEQS contract (3) M.garh, km 19.5 , 24.5 Operation SPM, RPM, (1) at km 0 For continuous 24 EPA Ambient 3*2*25,000 Independent SC/ENV NOx, SOx, CO, (2) at km 19.5 hrs, on quarterly Air Quality = 600,000 contract EPA HC, Pb (3) at km 24.5 bases. Standards, NEQS Water quality Construction pH, NaCl, BOD, (1) 1 sites at streams & Quarterly WHO and 4*10*15,000 Independent SC/ENV COD, TDS , wells downstream of NEQS = 600,000 contract EPA TSS, diss. O2, construction camps, NHx, coliforms (2) 3 sites, km 19, 22 hydrocarbon, Pb and km 25 Operation pH, NaCl, BOD, (1) 3 sites, km 19, 22 Quarterly WHO and 4*2*12,000 Independent SC/ENV COD, TDS , and km 25 NEQS = 96,000 contract EPA TSS, diss. O2, NHx, coliforms Noise levels Construction [dBA] at construction sites in 24 hr continuous EPA Ambient 4*4 *8*2000 Independent SC/ENV settlement areas at selected sites at Noise = 256,000 contract EPA (1) at km 0 1 m, 7.5m, 15 m & standards. (2) at km 19.5 50m from ROW, (3) at km 24.5 Quarterly Operation [dBA] (1) at km 0 24 hr continuous EPA Ambient 5*4*2*2000 Independent SC/ENV (2) at km 19.5 at 1 m, 7.5m, 15 m Noise =80,000 contract EPA (3) at km 24.5 & 50m from ROW, standards. Quarterly

Project Approx Environmental Parameters Locations Frequency Standards Implementation Supervision Component Stages Cost (Rs) Soil erosion Construction 1) visual inspect- all along road alignment, Daily no erosion Contractor’s Contractor SC/ENV and tion for erosion especially all drainage damage, cost EPA contamination damages on and oil spill prevention engineering embankment measures Standards and structures. (2) Heavy metal at reported sites with as incident, with NEQS - ditto - - ditto - SC/ENV contaminants spillage & contamination immediate effect EPA (3) check engineering 12*30,000 All along the alignment quarterly inspections Standards = 360,000 SC/ENV/RE EPA Operation (1) visual inspect- all along road alignment according to NHA Engineering NHA NHA EPA tion for erosion maintenance standards Maintenance Maintenance damages. schedule Budget (2) Heavy metal at reported sites with as incident, with NEQS - ditto - - ditto - EPA contaminants spillage & contamination immediate effect Roadside Construction visual inspection (1) at sites where (1) one month 75% survival 3*30,000 Independent SC/ENV plantation of plant species’ plantation was carried out after plantation rate = 90,000 contract EPA survival rate and (2) one year after status of plantation maintenance (2) at trial and enhance- 1 month, 3 month - ditto - 4*4*10,000 SC/ENV and EPA ment plots (4 km) with 6 month 12 = 80,000 contracted experimental plantation of months after nursing firm dune-stabilizing scrubs planting Operation visual inspection at sites where plantation (1) 2.5 years after 75% survival 1*30,000 Independent SC/ENV of plant species’ was carried out plantation rate = 30,000 contract EPA survival rate and status of - maintenance Safety and Operation (1) Faulty, all along the road, with Quarterly basis, for To be Highway Highway traffic rules overloaded & spot checks at accident- 3 years. determined. Police Police compliance over-speeding prone black spots Budget vehicles. (2) Inspection of Signage 4 Appendix

Appendix 4 Appendix

2. MONITORING PLAN FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE INDICATORS - N25 HUB-UTHAL

Project Approx Cost Environmental Parameters Locations Frequency Standards Implementation Supervision Component Stages (Rs)

Air quality Construction PM10, SO2, NOx, (1) at 5-10 m distance at all PM10, for continu-ous EPA Ambient 5*12*20,000 Contractor SC/ENV CO Hot mix plants, crushers 24 hrs, on monthly Air Quality = 1.2 million EPA Batching, schedule; Standards, Independent (2) at Vinder town, market NEQS contract (3) Hub City km 18.5 Operation SPM, RPM, NOx, (1) at Vinder town, market For continuous 24 EPA Ambient 3*2*25,000 Independent SC/ENV SOx, CO, HC, Pb (2) at Marble City plot hrs, on quarterly Air Quality = 600,000 contract EPA (3) Hub City km 18.5 bases. Standards, NEQS Water quality Construction pH, NaCl, BOD, (1) 2 sites at streams & wells Quarterly WHO and 4*10*15,000 Independent SC/ENV COD, TDS , TSS, downstream of NEQS = 600,000 contract EPA diss. O2, NHx, construction camps, coliforms (2) 2 sites at Vinder River hydrocarbon, Pb crossing. Operation pH, NaCl, BOD, 4 sites at streams & wells in Quarterly WHO and 4*2*12,000 Independent SC/ENV COD, TDS , TSS, selected roadside villages to NEQS = 96,000 contract EPA diss. O2, NHx, be determined in coliforms consultation with communities Noise levels Construction [dBA] at construction sites in 24 hr continuous at EPA Ambient 4*4 *8*2000 Independent SC/ENV settlement areas selected sites at 1 m, Noise = 256,000 contract EPA (1) Vinder town, 2 sites 7.5m, 15 m & 50m standards. (2) at Marble City plot from ROW, (3) Hub City km 18.5 Quarterly Operation [dBA] (1) Liari Junction 24 hr continuous EPA Ambient 5*4*2*2000 Independent SC/ENV (2) Vinder town, 2 sites at 1 m, 7.5m, 15 m & Noise =80,000 contract EPA (3) at Marble City plot 50m from ROW, standards. (4) Hub City km 18.5 Quarterly

Project Approx Cost Environmental Parameters Locations Frequency Standards Implementation Supervision Component Stages (Rs) Soil erosion Construction 1) visual inspect- all along road alignment Daily no erosion Contractor’s Contractor SC/ENV and tion for erosion damage, cost EPA contamination damages on engineering embankment and Standards structures. (2) Heavy metal at reported sites with as incident, with NEQS - ditto - - ditto - SC/ENV contaminants spillage & contamination immediate effect EPA (3) check engineering 12*30,000 inspections All along the alignment quarterly Standards = 360,000 SC/ENV/RE EPA Operation (1) visual inspect- all along road alignment according to NHA Engineering NHA NHA EPA tion for erosion maintenance standards Maintenance Maintenance damages. schedule Budget (2) Heavy metal at reported sites with as incident, with NEQS contaminants spillage & contamination immediate effect - ditto - - ditto - EPA Roadside Construction visual inspection (1) at sites where plantation (1) one month after Less 75% 3*30,000 Independent SC/ENV plantation of plant species’ was carried out plantation survival rate = 90,000 contract EPA survival rate and (2) one year after but should not status of plantation be less than maintenance (2) at trial and enhance-ment 1 month, 3 month 60% 4*4*10,000 SC/ENV and EPA plots (4 km) with 6 month 12 months = 80,000 contracted experimental plantation of after planting nursing firm dune-stabilizing scrubs Operation visual inspection at sites where plantation was (1) 2.5 years after - ditto- 1*30,000 Independent SC/ENV of plant species’ carried out plantation = 30,000 contract EPA survival rate and status of maintenance Safety and Operation (1) Faulty, all along the road, with spot Quarterly basis, for 3 To be Highway Highway Police traffic rules overloaded & over- checks at accident-prone years. determined. Police Budget compliance speeding vehicles. black spots (2) Inspection of Signage

Appendix 4 Appendix 89

Appendix 4 Appendix

3. MONITORING PLAN FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE INDICATORS - N50 KUCHLAK - ZHOB

Project Approx Environmental Parameters Locations Frequency Standards Implementation Supervision Component Stages Cost (Rs)

Air quality Construction PM10, NOx, CO (1) at 10 m distance at all PM10, for continu- EPA Ambient 10*3*12* Contractor SC/ENV hot mix plants, crushers ous 24 hrs, on Air Quality 12,000 EPA Batching, quarterly schedule; Standards, = 5.76 Independent (2) at 2 town diversions other spot samp- NEQS million contract (3) at 3 village diversions les, quartery Operation SPM, RPM, (1) M.bagh and Q.Saif- For continuous 24 EPA Ambient 4*4*3* Independent SC/ENV NOx, CO ulllah, (bypass, market) hrs, on quarterly Air Quality 15,000 contract EPA (2) at Kuchlak and bases. Standards, = 720,000 (3) at Kanozai NEQS Water quality Construction pH, NaCl, BOD, (1) 1 sites at wells Quarterly WHO and 7*8*12* Independent SC/ENV COD, TDS, diss. downstream of each NEQS 12,000 contract EPA O2,, coliforms construction camp, = 4.032 hydrocarbons (2) 2 sites at river and milion canal crossings t.b.d. Operation pH, NaCl, BOD, 4 sites at streams & wells Quarterly WHO and 4*8*3* Independent SC/ENV COD, TDS , in selected roadside NEQS 12,000 contract EPA diss. O2, coliforms villages to be determined = 1.152 hydrocarbons in consultation with million communities Noise levels Construction [dBA] at construction sites in 24 hr continuous EPA Ambient 5*4 *12* Independent SC/ENV settlement areas at selected sites at Noise 2000 contract EPA (1) M.bagh, bypass 1 m, 7.5m, 15 m & standards. = 480,000 (2) Qila Saifullah 50m from ROW, (3) 3 villages t.b.d Quarterly Operation [dBA] ((1) M.bagh, bypass 24 hr continuous EPA Ambient 5*4*3*2000 Independent SC/ENV (2) Qila Saifullah at 1 m, 7.5m, 15 m Noise =120,000 contract EPA (3) 3 villages t.b.d & 50m from ROW, standards. Quarterly

Project Approx Environmental Parameters Locations Frequency Standards Implementation Supervision Component Stages Cost (Rs) Soil erosion Construction 1) visual inspect- all along road alignment Daily no erosion Contractor’s Contractor SC/ENV and tion for erosion damage, cost EPA contamination damages on engineering embankment Standards and structures. (2) Heavy metal at reported sites with as incident, with NEQS - ditto - - ditto - SC/ENV contaminants spillage & contamination immediate effect EPA (3) check engineering 12*30,000 All along the alignment quarterly inspections Standards = 360,000 SC/ENV/RE EPA Operation (1) visual inspect- all along road alignment according to NHA Engineering NHA NHA EPA tion for erosion maintenance standards Maintenance Maintenance damages. schedule Budget (2) Heavy metal at reported sites with as incident, with NEQS - ditto - - ditto - EPA contaminants spillage & contamination immediate effect Roadside Construction visual inspection (1) at sites where (1) one month Less 3*30,000 Independent SC/ENV plantation of plant species’ plantation was carried out after plantation than75% = 90,000 contract EPA survival rate and (2) one year after survival rate status of plantation but should maintenance (2) at trial and enhance- 1 month, 3 month not be less 4*4*10,000 SC/ENV and EPA ment plots (4 km) with 6 month 12 than 60% = 80,000 contracted experimental plantation of months after nursing firm dune-stabilizing scrubs planting - ditto - Operation visual inspection at sites where plantation (1) 2.5 years after 1*30,000 Independent SC/ENV of plant species’ was carried out plantation - ditto- = 30,000 contract EPA survival rate and status of maintenance Safety and Operation (1) Faulty, all along the road, with Quarterly basis, for To be Highway Highway traffic rules overloaded & spot checks at accident- 3 years. determined. Police Police compliance over-speeding prone black spots Budget vehicles. (2) Inspection of 4 Appendix Signage 91