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University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan GENEALOGICAL, COMPONENTIAL, AND FUNCTIONAL ANALYSES OF TURKISH KINSHIP Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Busch, Ruth C., 1931- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 04/10/2021 05:19:37 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/287597 -r 71-6807 BUSCH, Ruth Elizabeth Chipman, 1931~ GENEALOGICAL, COMPONENTIAL, AND FUNCTIONAL ANALYSES OF TURKISH KINSHIP. ^ ' University of Arizona, Ph.D., 1970 | Anthropology | University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED GENEALOGICAL, COMPONENTIAL, AND FUNCTIONAL ANALYSES OF TURKISH KINSHIP by Ruth Elizabeth Chipman Busch A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 19 7 0 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE I hereby recommend that this dissertation prepared under my direction by RUTH CHIPMAN BUSCH entitled Genealogical« Componential. and Functional Analysis of Turkish Kinship be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy < /r#> Dissertation Director Dat£/ After inspection of the final copy of the dissertation, the following members of the Final Examination Committee concur in its approval and recommend its acceptance:*" /f/° AsJhaelq [A, 9k&Q. %La )?,/?!& /rj 19 Id UL-liZt 17, /?7o This approval and acceptance is contingent on the candidate's adequate performance and defense of this dissertation at the final oral examination. The inclusion of this sheet bound into the library copy of the dissertation is evidence of satisfactory performance at the final examination. STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. , Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or re­ production of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his judgment the proposed use of the material is in the in­ terests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED:^ <3 t : DEDICATION To Brian David Busch: Age Two Whose advent almost eliminated this study And whose patience with its completion Was not notable. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author is grateful to many professors at The University of Arizona for advanced trainipg in Anthropology. Special thanks for assistance on this study go to Dr. Edward Dozier and Dr. Keith Basso, ny advisors, and to Dr. Edward Spicer and Dr. Fred Hulse who served on the committee. The analyses herein owe. what merit they may have to the data supplied by village and urban friends in Turkey. To all these friends, ny thanks. The format of the study has benefited from the careful and knowledgeable typing of Mrs. Hazel Gillie. With her help, an approxi­ mation of Turkish orthography was developed to fit the English speaking typewriter, saving any Turkish speaking readers the confusion of a radically different orthographic presentation. Finally, thanks are due my husband for all financial and most social, political and emotional support which made this study possible. Other household members have also contributed according to my need and their abilities« iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES viii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ix ABSTRACT x 1. THE PROBLEM . 1 Studies of Kinship Terminology 1 Descriptive Kinship Terminologies U Turkish Kinship Terminologies 6 2. THE TURKISH PROBLEM IN THEORETICAL CONTEXT 8 Classification of Turkish Terminology 8 Vocabulary of Kin Terms and Types . 9 Bounding the Domain of Kinship 13 Semantic Analysis of the Domain of Kinship 18 Genealogical Notation . ........ 21 Status-role Aspects of Kinship 27 Summary . 3b 3. THE TURKISH PROBLEM IN ETHNOGRAPHIC CONTEXT ....... '36 Demirciler 38 Oguz Turks of Southwest Asia and Anatolia U2 Sakaltutan and Elba§I ....... k3 Hatay U6 Summary ...... $1 k. THE LOCAL SETTING OF THE PRESENT STUDY 53 5. METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION 60 6. KINSHIP IN KAYARLI 6U Parents 65 Children 68 Siblings ..... ..... 71 Grandparents ..................... 73 Grandchildren .......... .... 7U v Vi TABLE OF CONTENTS—Continued Page Parental Siblings 75 Sibling's Child 78 Affines: Own Spouse . 79 Spouse's Parents * 80 Children's Spouses and Sibling's Spouses ....... 81 Spouse's Siblings 81i Co-Siblings-in-Law: Spouse's Sibling's Spouse .... 85 Step Kin 86 7. KIN GROUPS IN KAYARLI 88 8. KINSHIP TERMINOLOGY IE KAYARLI 9U 9. GENEALOGICAL ANALYSIS 109 The Genealogical Matrix ........ 109 Basic Cultural Modifications of the Matrix Ill Assumption of Permanent Monogamy 113 Specification of Sex 119 A Semantic Grammar of Kin Term Compounds 123 Formal Treatment of Terms of Address ... 131 Summary 135 10. COMPONENTIAL ANALYSIS 136 The Selection of Distinctive Features 136 A First Approximate Analysis ..... 138 Redefinition of Distinctive Features lUo Componential Analysis of the Surface Structure .... Ilj6 Componential Analysis Relating Reciprocal Terms .... 1^9 Componential Analysis of Standard Turkish 153 Specification of Redundant Features 153 Suggestions for Improved Analysis ... 156 Componential Analysis of Terms of Address Within the Lexicon 157 Address Terms and Reference Positions in Two Dimensions 159 Summary 163 11. STRUCTURAL-FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS 165 Functional Components of Kinship 166 Patterns of Interaction with Close, Senior Kin .... 170 Further Speculations on Kinship in Turkey 177 Summary 181 vit TABLE OF CONTENTS—Continued Page 12. INTERPRETATION 183 Bounding the Domains of Kinship 183 The Domain of Kinship 183 The Lexical Domain ..... 185 The Address Terminology . 186 Functional Correlates of Address Terms ... 187 Predicting the Kinship System from the Terminology . 188 Summary of Predictions Based on Kinship Terminology 19k Testing the Correlations with Other Turkish Data . 19!? Testing the Correlations in Related Cultures 197 Summary 197 LIST OF REFERENCES 199 LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Reference terminology of Demirciler Ul 2. Turkish kinship terms reported by Spencer hk 3. Reference terminology of Sakaltutan l;7 ii, Kayarli reference kinship terms and expressions . , 9$ Kayarli reference terms and related address terms .... 100 6. Displacement of ego-centered reference terms by second person (tu-centered) terms or first person plural (we- centered) terms in intimate reference 103 7. Ego-centered formal reference terms with intimate refer­ ence terms for selected listeners 10U 8. Kinship terms extended to non-kin and strangers in address 108 9. Summary of rules defining the genealogical matrix appro­ priate for Turkish kinship terms and expressions . 126 10. A comparison of Lounsbury's distinction between 'step' and 'in-law' relationships v/ith the distinction draw.n by the Turkish lexicon and cover terms 1U2 viii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1. Genealogical network with Turkish kin terms 110 2. Genealogical network with sibling and spouse links expressed llli 3. Genealogical network with "ideal permanent monogamy" and special pathways for polygynous kin 116 il. Terms of address on the reference network of Figure 3 . 132 5. Turkish kin terms partitioned on the presence or absence of operators 139 6. Componential analysis of Turkish reference terminology motivated by clusters in the surface structure .... 1U7 7. Componential analysis of Turkish reference terminology showing reciprocal terms. ............... l£2 8. Componential analysis of standard Turkish reference terminology showing reciprocal terms and generation . l$k 9. Componential analysis of address terminology showing reference terms to which each address term is extended• l£8 10. Terms of address and the reference positions they dominate 160 11. Obligatory address terminology partitioned by patterns of residence and visiting ... ....... 173 12. Reference terminology partitioned by patterns of resi­ dence and visiting 176 ix ABSTRACT Kinship within a Turkish village is explored to determine the i relation between the kinship terminological system, and the social structure of kinship. The terminology is formally analyzed, and is shown to reflect a portion of the social structure. Data for the study were collected in Kayarli, Adana Province, during 1968 and 1969. Supplementary information is presented from ethnographic accounts and from the author's urban experience. The ideal kinship position named by each kin term is described both socio- centrically and in terms of expected behaviors or diadic roles. Data are presented on several types of terminology: formal, normal, and intimate reference, and address both among kin and in extension to known non-kin and strangers. The relation between kin term and kin type is formally ana- ]yaecl A simple, universal formula for genealogical networks is sugges­ ted. Rules are developed showing how this genealogical network must be modified and partitioned to provide
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