Historical Perspectives of Sports Tourism
Journal of Sport Tourism 9(1), 2004, 5–101 Historical perspectives of sports tourism John Zauhar Sport Tourism International Council .................................................................................................................................... PREAMBLE ‘In 1992, there were 1.3 million people arriving in a country outside that of their residence and spending an average of $764 million on accommodations, meals, entertainment and shopping’ (Segal, 1987). Total international tourist arrivals for 1989 have been established by the World Tourism Organization (WTO) at 405.3 million. And travel and tourism contribution to the world economy amounted to $US2 trillion in sales. In effect, the European Council on Development has deter- mined that, by the year 2000, the tourism industry will be the largest in the world (World Tourism Organization, 1994). Whereas in previous decades tourism has been largely shaped by transport technol- ogy advances, the future decade will be determined by a number of factors, already evidenced: socio-demographic changes; electronic information and communication systems; more knowledgeable and demanding consumers; de-regulatory market place (Fridgen, 1991: 3–26). Some influences on, and determinants of, tourism activity in the 1990-2000 period will be: the scale and variety of tourism development in all types of tourism destinations; the growing interest in peoples and cultures of developing countries; increases in the number of consumers with free time, financial ability and interest to travel; the growing importance of ethnic ties between different nations. Prime examples of market niche targeting related to sports, according to the WTO forecast, are: sailing, yachting, scuba diving, golfing, resort holidays and island hopping. Themed holidays are also becoming popular, accounting for a significant proportion of total tourist demands – approaching the stage of mainstream holiday rather than the traditional ‘beach’ sequence (McCourt, 1989: 13).
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