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The Project for Flood Countermeasures for Thailand Agricultural Sector in the Kingdom of Thailand Final Report

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The Project for Flood Countermeasures for Thailand Agricultural Sector in the Kingdom of Thailand Final Report Japan International Cooperation Agency Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives THE PROJECT FOR FLOOD COUNTERMEASURES FOR THAILAND AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN THE KINGDOM OF THAILAND FINAL REPORT Appendix II: Technical Papers July 2013 SANYU CONSULTANTS INC. NIPPON KOEI CO., LTD. RD JR 13-074 Preface and Acknowledgement “The Project for Flood Countermeasures for Thailand Agricultural Sector” is a part of a comprehensive assistance program from the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) to the Royal Thai Government concerning the damage sustained in Thailand, during the 2011 flood. Serious damage was caused to the business and agricultural sectors in the Chao Phraya River Basin. The JICA assisted in emergency response by dispatching portable pump units, experts on disaster management and goods and supplies, for both medium and long-term support. It was identified that the preparation of an Integrated Flood Mitigation Plan needed to be undertaken. To support the Thai agriculture and rural sector, the JICA dispatched a preliminary study mission in early 2012, following this it was decided to conduct the main Project from March 2012 up until July 2013. This Project consisted of the three components, i.e. 1) support for the reproduction of pastures, 2) rehabilitation and reinforcement of damaged irrigation/drainage facilities, and 3) a guideline for disaster-resilient agriculture and agricultural community. This paper is one of a series of technical papers, relating to component number three (3), “Guideline for Disaster-Resilient Agriculture and Agricultural Community”, which consists of a general guideline and five thematic guidelines for five sectors. In the process to formulate the guideline, seven Tambons and a District were selected from five provinces, namely Phitsanulok, Chainat, Ayutthaya, Pathumthani and Nakhon Pathom, as the model areas for research and activities to be conducted. A total of 21 programs, in five sectors were conducted as pilot projects/activities in those model areas. The details of the procedures and results of the pilot projects/activities were summarized as technical papers by JICA experts, counterpart agencies and/or Thai academics, in order to back up the sector guidelines. The projects and activities introduced in the technical papers are not necessarily countermeasures that are designed only for situations of serious flooding, such as the 2011 flood. This information is also of great benefit to the people of Thailand during the annual normal flooding time and even non-flood situations. Based on an assumption that people are reluctant to change their habits or behavior, particularly farmers, just for an event such as a huge flood, that may only occur every once in a while, the JICA and the residents of the model areas selected pilot activities which can benefit farmers even in a normal flood or non-flood period. The selected projects were then considered by the JICA, concerned agencies and experts, to see whether or not these projects would be also useful as countermeasures to a big flood. This paper has explored many avenues of thought; unfortunately, a full examination could not be done, due to the very limited time allowed to complete the Project. Some of the technical papers themselves are a guideline for some activities to be conducted by farmers, Tambon Administration Offices (TAOs), and other supporting agencies. Other papers are an introduction of knowledge gained throughout the Project. All of these technical papers were translated into Thai and then prepared in different forms of media such as leaflets, booklets, posters and videos, so that the information would be readily available and easy to use by the farmers and agencies concerned. The JICA Project team sincerely believes that the technical papers in Thai are practical and useful for people in the flood risk areas as the information will enable them to be more prepared for disasters, in particular any future large scale floods. It is hoped that the concerned government agencies in i Thailand will promote and continue to support the activities and the media that has been prepared by this project. For the people who are the readers of the English version, we would be delighted if you could grasp the points of diversity and the benefits of the activities for developing and enhancing the rural community’s resilience to large floods in the future. The authors wish to thank the counterpart agencies concerned under the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, the Ministry of Interior of the Royal Thai Government for their cooperation and contribution, and the JICA Thailand office for its logistical support. It should be noted, that the opinions expressed in the papers are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Thai Government or the JICA. JICA Project Team Sanyu Consultants Inc. & Nippon Koei Co., Ltd. ii The Project for Flood Countermeasures for Thailand Agricultural Sector ‘Guideline for Disaster Resilient Agriculture and Agricultural Community’ Technical Paper Series Table of Contents Preface and Acknowledgement 1. Community Flood Disaster Risk Management Plan ........................................................... TP-1-1 2. Securing Drinking Water in Emergency Case ..................................................................... TP-2-1 3. Constructing Flood Hazard and Evacuation Map Making with Community Participation ..................................................................................................... TP-3-1 4. Community Participatory Water Measurement and Database System .............................. TP-4-1 5. Community Monkey Cheek Development Plan ................................................................... TP-5-1 6. Drainage Gate Repair for Monkey Cheek Development at Community Level .................. TP-6-1 7. Improvement of Dike for Prevention of Flood Damage ...................................................... TP-7-1 8. Inter-Tambon Small Watershed Water Resources Development Plan for the Wang Man River ....................................................................................................... TP-8-1 9. Paddy Cultivation by Three Different Planting Methods ................................................... TP-9-1 10. Safe Vegetable Production for Diversification ................................................................... TP-10-1 11. Floating Vegetable Cultivation during Flood ..................................................................... TP-11-1 12. Aquaponics/ Hydroponics for Flooding Period ................................................................. TP-12-1 13. Recovery of Orchid Sub-Sector through Collaboration between Government, Academia and Privates ................................................................................. TP-13-1 14. Bio-Fertilizer and Bio-Control in Flood Risk Areas .......................................................... TP-14-1 15. Feed Storage for Livestock during Flood .......................................................................... TP-15-1 16. Goat Raising Tolerant to Flooding ..................................................................................... TP-16-1 17. Making Biogas as an Alternative Energy Source using Animal Waste ............................. TP-17-1 18. Bamboo Variety and Local Knowledge to Use Bamboo for Flood Protection .................. TP-18-1 19. Bamboo Utilization in the Form of Powder, Charcoal and Vinegar and its Proposed Applications in Agriculture ........................................................................... TP-19-1 20. Fish Capturing and Processing in Flood Prone Area ........................................................ TP-20-1 21. Income Generation Activities during Flood and Post-flood ............................................. TP-21-1 22. Land Use Database for Faster and Accurate Compensation Payment ............................. TP-22-1 The Project for Flood Countermeasures for Thailand Agricultural Sector Technical Paper Series The Project for Flood Countermeasures for Thailand Agricultural Sector ‘Guideline for Disaster Resilient Agriculture and Agricultural Community’ Technical Paper Series No. 1 Community Flood Disaster Risk Management Plan Prepared by JICA Project Team TP-1-1 The Project for Flood Countermeasures for Thailand Agricultural Sector Technical Paper Series Community Flood Disaster Risk Management Plan 1. Introduction In Thailand, there has been a paradigm shift in disaster management at the community level. In the past, disaster management at the community level only began after the disaster had occurred without appropriate preparation for disaster risks and impacts. However, with the increase in international recognition, the importance of the community’s participation for disaster risk management has become more emphasized to prevent and mitigate disaster impact on the society and economic situation in the community. Capacity development of the community, from preparation to post-disaster stages, has become a key issue. In the early stages of the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) survey conducted it was understood that the impact and damage caused by the massive flood that occurred in 2011 was more severe due to the lack of preparation with respect to appropriate disaster risk management by the community. Accordingly, the project supported the development and implementation of the community flood disaster risk management plan as a pilot project at three target communities (tambons), namely T. Khlong
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