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Age and Growth of Iridescent Toothcarp Aphanius Mento (Heckel, 1843) (Cyprinodontidae) in Seyhan Reservoir (Southeastern Mediterranean, Turkey)

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Age and Growth of Iridescent Toothcarp Aphanius Mento (Heckel, 1843) (Cyprinodontidae) in Seyhan Reservoir (Southeastern Mediterranean, Turkey) Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 19(5) 2340-2353 2020 DOI: 10.22092/ijfs.2019.118929 Age and growth of iridescent toothcarp Aphanius mento (Heckel, 1843) (Cyprinodontidae) in Seyhan Reservoir (Southeastern Mediterranean, Turkey) Erguden S.A.1* Received: April 2018 Accepted: September 2018 Abstract The population structure of Aphanius mento in the Seyhan Reservoir was studied on the basis of 834 fish specimens (516 males and 318 females) caught on a monthly basisbetween September 2013 and August 2014. Fish were collected using dip nets of tulle with a 1mm mesh size. The maximum age of fish was found to be 4 years for both sexes combined, the 1 year old age group comprised 62.20% of male samples. The overall sex ratio of females to males was 1:1.62. Von Bertalanffy growth parameters -1 were L∞=54.33 mm, K=0.399 year , t0 =-1.168 years for females, L∞ =52.72 mm, -1 -1 K=0.397 year , t0=-1.137 years for males, and L∞=56.50 mm, K=0.386 year , t0=-1.257 years for both sexes. The length (TL) - weight (W) relationship was W= 0.00051xTL2.635, (r= 0.965) for males, W=0.00088xTL2.464, (r= 0.987) for females and W=0.00066xTL2.554, (r = 0.974) for both sexes. Condition factor ranged from 1.696 for males and 1.613 for females to 1.664 for both sexes. The mean condition factor (CF) was not significantly different between the sexes among all fish during different months (p>0.05). The present study represents the first comprehensive information on the population structure of A. mento in the Seyhan Reservoir. The results of this study will contribute to the population management and conservation of this species and be useful in increasing knowledge on its ecology and biology. Keywords: Aphanius mento, Growth parameters, Condition, Southeastern Mediterranean 1-Department of Fisheries Vocational School of Imamoglu, Çukurova University, 01700 Adana, Hatay, Turkey *Corresponding author's Email: [email protected] 2341 Erguden, Age and growth of iridescent toothcarp Aphanius mento (Cyprinodontidae) in... Introduction Ceyhan River drainages (Hrbek and The genus Aphanius belonging to the Meyer, 2003; Fricke et al., 2007; Güçlü Cyprinidontidae family currently and Küçük, 2008). includes about 20 species distributed A few studies were carried out on A. along the ancient coast of the Tethys mento focusing on its sytematic and Sea (Kosswig, 1955; Villwock and growth features, nutrition, reproduction Franz, 1972; Wildekamp et al., 1999) and determination of embryological and and many species that are local larval development stages and endemisms (Wildekamp et al., 1999; morphologic characters (Wildekamp et Yogurtcuoğlu and Ekmekçi, 2013). al., 1999; Güçlü and Küçük 2008; In Anatolia, the genus Aphanius is Sezen, 2011; Güçlü and Küçük, 2011; represented by 15 species: Aphanius Erguden, 2015). anatoliae, A. asquamatus, A. danfordii, A. mento is found in shallow waters A. fasciatus, A. fontinalis, A. icoii, A. among vegetation and it feeds on insect irregularis, A. maeandricus, A. larvae, crustaceans, and algae (Krupp marassantensis, A. meridionalis A. and Schneider, 1989). It tolerates a mento, A. saldae, A. splendens, A. wide range of physico-chemical sureyanus, A. transgradiens and A. parameters, such as temperature (2- villwocki (Kuru, 2004; Fricke et al., 28.5°C), pH (7.5-8.5), salinity (1-3 g L- 2007; Parenti, 2002; Pfleiderer et al., 1) and dissolved oxygen (5-8.4 mg L-1) 2014, Çiçek et al., 2015; Yogurtcuoğlu (Güçlü and Küçük, 2008; Sezen and and Freyhof, 2018). Olmez, 2012). The genus Aphanius has no The presence of this species was economic importance for human reported for the first time in the Seyhan consumption. However, some species Reservoir by Alagöz (2005) and of this genus are aquacultured as Erguden and Göksu (2012) and the ornamental fishes and scientifically present study provides the first used as material for some genetic comprehensive information on the studies (Güçlü, 2003; Sezen, 2011; population structure of A. mento in the Sezen and Olmez, 2012). Some species Seyhan Reservoir. The results of this of the taxon are important because of study will contribute to the population their endemic character (Ergüden, management and conservation of this 2015). species and be useful in increasing The iridescent toothcarp, A. mento knowledge on its ecology and biology. (Heckel, 1843) is found in the Arabian Peninsula and is distributed throughout Materials and methods Iran, Iraq, Syria, Jordan, Israel, Samplimg Lebanon and Turkey (Froese and Pauly, The study was carried out in the Seyhan 2018). In Turkey, this species is found Reservoir (37o03′38″ N; 35o19′32″ E), on the Tigris and Euphrates River that covers a total surface area of 67.82 drainages, Aksu River, Kırkgöz Stream, km2. The average height from the sea is Orontes River and in the Seyhan and 67 m (Fig. 1). The Seyhan Reservoir is Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 19(5) 2020 2342 classified as a mesotropic lake with a Luciobarbus pectoralis (Heckel, 1843), mean annual water temperature of 26.5 Capoeta angorae (Hanko, 1925), ºC and pH of 7.41. In addition to A. Capoeta erhani (Turan, Kottelat and mento, thirteen other fish species occurr Ekmekçi, 2008), Cobitis evreni in the Seyhan Reservoir namely: Erk'akan, (Özeren and Nalbant, 2008), Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, Aphanius fasciatus (Valenciennes, 1792), Carassius carassius (Linnaeus, 1821) Garra rufa (Heckel, 1843), and 1758)Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1783), Salaria fluviatilis (Asso, 1801) Acanthobrama sp., Alburnus orontis (Erguden and Goksu 2009; Erguden, (Sauvage, 1882), Squalius kottelati 2016). Turan, (Yilmaz and Kaya, 2009), Figure 1: Map of the study area (Seyhan Reservoir). Measurements and age determination by independent readers without prior Fish were collected from September knowledge about sex, length, or capture 2013 to August 2014 using dip nets of time. The total length (TL) of all tulle with a 1mm mesh size. Samples preserved fish was measured to the were then preserved in 4% formalin. nearest 0.01 mm. The total body weight The age of the fish was determined (W) was recorded using an electronic from the scales taken from the left side balance to the nearest 0.001g. of the body, between the end of the thoracic fin and the beginning of the Growth parameters and Condition dorsal fin. According to Lagler (1966) factor age was deternined by taking 8-10 W = a x TLb, scales from each fish. Observations where W is the weight in g, TL the total were made using a stereoscope with length in cm, a and b the parameters to transmitted light. All readings for each be established (Ricker, 1975). The scale preparation were undertaken twice relationship between total length and 2343 Erguden, Age and growth of iridescent toothcarp Aphanius mento (Cyprinodontidae) in... weight was calculated separately for Prior to the analyses, ln-ln plots of each gender. length and weight values were The growth of the A. mento was performed for visual inspection of calculated with the following Von outliers in accordance with Froese Bertalanffy growth equations: (2006). Growth was considered -K ( t – t ) Lt = L∞ (1 – e 0 ), positively allometric if the estimate of b where Lt is the total length at age “t”, was approximately equal to or greater L∞ the average asymptotic length (mm). than 3 and negative if it was less than 3. K is the body growth parameter, “t0” All the statistical analyses were the theoretical age and “a” and “b” performed at 95% confidence limits constants (von Bertalanffy, 1938). using Excel 2017 and SPSS.20 Condition factor of fish was computer software. estimated using Fulton’s condition factor formula (Sparre and Venema, Results 1992): A total of 834 fish (516 males and 318 CF= W/TL3 x 100. females) were caught and examined where W is the total weight, TL is the during the study period. Age total length, and b is the coefficient of composition ranged from 1 to 4. allometric relation. Overall, the percentages of males and females in each age class were as Statistical analyses follows: age 1, 38.50% and 18.95%; A chisquare (X2 (0.05)) test was used to age 2, 19.30% and 15.59%; age 3, detect differences between the overall 2.99% and 2.63%; age 4, 1.08% and ratio of males to females (Düzgüneş et 0.96%. The maximum age was found to al., 1995). The relationship of weight to be 4 years for both sexes combined, the total length was established by the 1 year age group comprised 62.20% of exponential regression equation. The males samples. Besides 1 and 2 year linearized form of the power function age groups were predominantly males was used in a regression analysis to (Table 1). The sex ratio of females to estimate the length-weight relationship males was 1.00:1.62 and it was parameters. Slopes of the regression statistically significant according to X2 lines and mean length for each sex was analysis (X2=12.731, p< 0.05). compared using a t test (Zar, 1999). Table 1: Aphanius mento Age-length structure in Seyhan Reservoir. Age Groups (in years) Length intervals (mm) 1 2 3 4 Total 13-16.9 62 62 17-20.9 199 199 20.9-24.9 216 132 348 25-28.9 91 91 29-32.9 68 25 93 Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 19(5) 2020 2344 Table 1 continued: 33-36.9 18 2 20 37-40.9 5 11 16 41-44.9 5 5 Total 477 291 48 18 834 Mean TL ± SD 20.14±2.36 26.47±2.27 33.89±2.19 40.41±1.97 24.00±5.16 Mean TW ± SD 0.1486±0.040 0.2892±0.049 0.5262±0.096 0.8379±0.082 0.2329±0.140 Males (% n) 321 (38.50) 161 (19.30) 25 (2.99) 9 (1.08) 516 (61.87) Females (% n) 158 (18.95) 130 (15.59) 22 (2.63) 8 (0.96) 318 (38.13) F : M – (P) 1.00:2.03 1.00:1.24 1.00:1.14 1.00:1.13 1.00:1.62 (P < 0.05) (P >0.05) (P >0.05) (P >0.05) (P < 0.05) The size of Aphanius mento in the relationship for the species was also population ranged from 13.6 to 44.0mm made using the results reviewed from and weight varied from 0.05 to 1.10g.
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