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T.C. Süleyman Demġrel Ünġversġtesġ Fen Bġlġmlerġ Enstġtüsü

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T.C. Süleyman Demġrel Ünġversġtesġ Fen Bġlġmlerġ Enstġtüsü T.C. SÜLEYMAN DEMĠREL ÜNĠVERSĠTESĠ FEN BĠLĠMLERĠ ENSTĠTÜSÜ KIRKGÖZ KAYNAĞI’NDAKĠ Aphanius mento (Heckel, 1843)’NUN EMBRĠYOLOJĠK VE LARVAL GELĠġĠM EVRELERĠNĠN BELĠRLENMESĠ Soner SEZEN DanıĢman: Prof. Dr. Murtaza ÖLMEZ YÜKSEK LĠSANS TEZĠ SU ÜRÜNLERĠ YETĠġTĠRĠCĠLĠĞĠ ANABĠLĠM DALI ISPARTA – 2011 TEZ ONAYI Soner SEZEN tarafından hazırlanan “Kırkgöz Kaynağı’ndaki Aphanius mento (Heckel, 1843)’nun Embriyolojik ve Larval GeliĢim Evrelerinin Belirlenmesi” adlı tez çalışması aşağıdaki jüri tarafından oy birliği ile Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Yetiştiriciliği Anabilim Dalı‟nda YÜKSEK LĠSANS TEZĠ olarak kabul edilmiştir. Danışman : Prof. Dr. Murtaza ÖLMEZ Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Yetiştiriciliği Anabilim Dalı Jüri Üyeleri : Doç. Dr. Yusuf BOZKURT Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Yetiştiriciliği Anabilim Dalı Yard. Doç. Dr. Mehmet Rüştü ÖZEN Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Yetiştiriciliği Anabilim Dalı Doç. Dr. Mehmet Cengiz KAYACAN Enstitü Müdürü Vekili Not: Bu tezde kullanılan özgün ve başka kaynaktan yapılan bildirişlerin, çizelge, şekil ve fotoğrafların kaynak gösterilmeden kullanımı, 5846 sayılı Fikir ve Sanat Eserleri Kanunundaki hükümlere tabidir. ĠÇĠNDEKĠLER İÇİNDEKİLER ............................................................................................................. i ÖZET .......................................................................................................................... iii TEŞEKKÜR ................................................................................................................. v ŞEKİLLER DİZİNİ ..................................................................................................... vi ÇİZELGELER DİZİNİ .............................................................................................. vii SİMGELER DİZİNİ.................................................................................................. viii 1. GİRİŞ ....................................................................................................................... 1 2. KAYNAK ÖZETLERİ ............................................................................................ 4 2.1. Embriyolojik Çalışmaların Amacı ve Önemi ........................................................ 4 2.2. Cyprinodontidae Familyasının Genel Özellikleri ................................................. 5 2.2.1. Yayılım alanları .................................................................................................. 5 2.2.2. Morfolojik özellikleri ......................................................................................... 6 2.2.3. Beslenme özellikleri ........................................................................................... 6 2.2.4. Üreme özellikleri ................................................................................................ 6 2.2.5. Ekonomik değeri ................................................................................................ 7 2.3. Aphanius Cinsinin Genel Özellikleri .................................................................... 7 2.3.1. Yayılım alanları .................................................................................................. 7 2.3.2. Morfolojik özellikleri ......................................................................................... 9 2.3.3. Beslenme özellikleri ........................................................................................... 9 2.3.4. Nesli tehlike altında olan Aphanius türleri ......................................................... 9 2.4. Anadolu‟da Bulunan Aphanius Türleri ................................................................. 9 2.4.1. Aphanius asquamatus (Sözer 1942) ................................................................... 9 2.4.2. Aphanius anatolia splendes (Kosswig & Sözer, 1945) .................................... 10 2.4.3. Aphanius anatoliae anatoliae (Leidenfrost, 1912) .......................................... 11 2.4.4. Aphanius anatoliae transgrediens (Ermin, 1946) ............................................ 11 2.4.5. Aphanius anatolias sureyanus (Neu, 1937) ..................................................... 12 2.4.6. Aphanius villwocki (Hrbek and Wildekamp,2003) .......................................... 12 2.4.7. Aphanius danfordii (Boulenger, 1890) ........................................................... 13 2.4.8. Aphanius fasciatus (Valenciennes, 1821) ........................................................ 14 2.4.9. Aphanius mento (Heckel, in: Russegger, 1843) ............................................... 15 2.4.9.1. Morfolojik görünümü .................................................................................... 15 i 2.4.9.2. Yayılım alanları ............................................................................................. 16 2.4.9.3. Üreme özellikleri ........................................................................................... 18 2.4.9.4. Beslenme özellikleri ...................................................................................... 18 3. MATERYAL ve YÖNTEM ................................................................................... 19 3.1. Materyal .............................................................................................................. 19 3.2. Yöntem ................................................................................................................ 21 3.2.1. Balıkların yakalanması ve taşınması ................................................................ 21 3.2.2. Deneme ortamı ve özellikleri ........................................................................... 22 3.2.3. Balıkların adaptasyonu ..................................................................................... 23 3.2.4. Balıkların beslenmesi ....................................................................................... 23 3.2.5. Balıklardan yumurta alımı ............................................................................... 24 3.3. Döllenmiş yumurtaların embriyolojik gelişimi ................................................... 24 4. BULGULAR .......................................................................................................... 25 4.1. Deneme Ünitesi Su Kriterleri .............................................................................. 25 4.2. Aphanius mento‟nun Üreme Davranışları ........................................................... 25 4.3. Aphanius mento‟nun Yumurta Özellikleri .......................................................... 27 4.3. Aphanius mento Yumurtalarının Embriyolojik Gelişimi .................................... 27 4.4. Aphanius mento Larva ve Yavrularının Gelişimi ............................................... 31 5. TARTIŞMA ve SONUÇ ........................................................................................ 33 6. KAYNAKLAR ...................................................................................................... 37 ÖZGEÇMİŞ ............................................................................................................... 41 ii ÖZET Yüksek Lisans Tezi KIRKGÖZ KAYNAĞI’NDAKĠ Aphanius mento (Heckel, 1843)’NUN EMBRĠYOLOJĠK VE LARVAL GELĠġĠM EVRELERĠNĠN BELĠRLENMESĠ Soner SEZEN Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Su Ürünleri YetiĢtiriciliği Anabilim Dalı DanıĢman: Prof. Dr. Murtaza ÖLMEZ Bu çalışmada, Antalya İli Kırkgöz Kaynağı‟nda bulunan Aphanius mento türünün kontrollü koşullarda üretimleri gerçekleştirilmiş, döllenmiş yumurtalarda embriyolojik ve larval gelişim evreleri incelenmiştir. Damızlık balıklar su kaynağından ince gözlü tül ağ ve 2,5 mm göz açıklığında torbalı ağlarla yakalanmıştır. Akdeniz Su Ürünleri Araştırma Üretim ve Eğitim Enstitüsü Akvaryum Birimi‟nde adaptasyonları yapılan 25 adet dişi - 10 adet erkek damızlık balık yumurta kolektörleri bulunan üreme tanklarına konularak yumurtlamaları sağlanmıştır. Aphanius mento türünün yumurtaları küresel şekilli, şeffaf ve yapışkan özellikte olup, mikroskop altında incelemede 7-8 adet yağ damlacığı içerdiği, solgun sarı renkli yumurta sarısı ile dolu olduğu ve dışında ipliksi yapışma flamentleri içerdiği görülmüştür. Ortalama yumurta çapı 1,589±0,50 mm (n=8) olarak ölçülmüştür. A. mento yumurtalarında, 22,5±1,0 ºC su sıcaklığında döllenmeden 9 saat 45 dakika sonra blastula safhasının tamamlandığı gözlenirken, 21. saatte halka oluşumu, 26. saatte notokord oluşumu, 4. günde kalp oluşumu ve kan dolaşımının başlaması, 7. günde kuyruk hareketlenmesi, 11. günde larva çıkışı gözlenmiştir. Yumurtadan yeni çıkmış larvanın total boyu 5,1±0,07 mm, besin kesesi çapı 1,05±0,03 mm olarak ölçülmüştür. Anahtar Kelimeler: Cyprinodontidae, Aphanius mento, üreme özellikleri, embriyo gelişimi, larval gelişim. 2011, 41 sayfa. iii ABSTRACT M. Sc. Thesis THE DETERMINATION EMBRIYOLOJIC AND LARVAL DEVELOPMENT STAGES OF Aphanius mento (Heckel, 1843) IN SPRING KIRKGÖZ Soner SEZEN Suleyman Demirel University Graduate School of Applied and Natural Sciences Department of Aquaculture Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Murtaza ÖLMEZ In this study, production of Aphanius mento from Kırkgöz, Antalya, under the controlled conditions was done and embryologic and larval development stages were investigated. Broodstock was caught from the water source (Kırkgöz Spring) using tulle net or net with 2.5 mm mesh size. The fish were transported to the Aquarium Unit of Mediterranean Fisheries Research Production and Training Institute and adapted to environmental conditions.
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