DOCSLIB.ORG

Louisiana State Plumbing Code, 2013 Edition

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Title 51 PUBLIC HEALTH―SANITARY CODE Part XIV. Plumbing AUTHORITY NOTE: Promulgated in accordance with R.S. Chapter 1. Administration 40:4(A)(7) and R.S. 40:5(2)(3)(7)(9)(16)(17)(20). HISTORICAL NOTE: Promulgated by the Department of Subchapter A. General Health and Hospitals, Office of Public Health, LR 28:1383 (June §101. Title and Adoption of Louisiana State Plumbing 2002), amended LR 38:2795 (November 2012). Code (LSPC) Subchapter B. Purpose and Scope [formerly paragraph 14:001] §107. Purpose A. The Department of Health and Hospitals, Office of [formerly paragraph 14:004] Public Health hereby adopts Part XIV (Plumbing) of the Sanitary Code, state of Louisiana (LAC 51:XIV). “Part XIV A. The purpose of this Chapter is to provide for the (Plumbing) of the Sanitary Code, State of Louisiana” may be administration and enforcement of this code. cited as the “Louisiana State Plumbing Code”, hereinafter AUTHORITY NOTE: Promulgated in accordance with R.S. referred to as “this code” or “this Part”. Any reference or 40:4(A)(7) and R.S. 40:5(2)(3)(7)(9)(16)(17)(20). citation to the "Louisiana State Plumbing Code" shall HISTORICAL NOTE: Promulgated by the Department of likewise be synonymous to any reference or citation to "Part Health and Hospitals, Office of Public Health, LR 38:2796 XIV (Plumbing) of the Sanitary Code, State of Louisiana." (November 2012). AUTHORITY NOTE: The first source of authority for §109. Code Remedial promulgation of the sanitary code is in R.S. 36:258(B), with more A. General. This code is hereby declared to be remedial, particular provisions found in Chapters 1 and 4 of Title 40 of the and shall be construed to secure the beneficial interests and Louisiana Revised Statutes. This Part is promulgated in accordance with R.S. 40:4(A)(7) and R.S. 40:5(2)(3)(7)(9)(16)(17)(20). purposes thereof-which are public safety, health and general HISTORICAL NOTE: Promulgated by the Department of welfare-by regulating the installation and maintenance of all Health and Hospitals, Office of Public Health, LR 28:1383 (June plumbing. 2002), amended LR 38:2795 (November 2012). B. Quality Control. Quality control of materials and §103. Availability workmanship is not within the purview of this code except [formerly paragraph 14:002] as it relates to the purpose stated herein. A. Information concerning purchasing copies of this Part C. Permitting and Inspection. The inspection or (LAC 51:XIV) may be obtained by contacting the permitting of any building or plan by any jurisdiction, under Office of the State Register, P.O. Box 94095, Baton Rouge, the requirements of this code shall not be construed in any LA 70804-9095, telephone (225) 342-5015 or court as a warranty of the physical condition of such fax (225) 342-0284. This Part is available to be viewed building or the adequacy of such plan. No jurisdiction or any electronically on the Office of the State Register’s website employee thereof shall be liable in tort for damages for any at: http://www.doa.louisiana.gov/osr/osr.htm. defect or hazardous or illegal condition or inadequacy in AUTHORITY NOTE: Promulgated in accordance with R.S. such building or plan, nor for any failure of any component 40:4(A)(7) and R.S. 40:5(2)(3)(7)(9)(16)(17)(20). of such building, which may occur subsequent to such HISTORICAL NOTE: Promulgated by the Department of inspection or permitting. Health and Hospitals, Office of Public Health, LR 28:1383 (June AUTHORITY NOTE: Promulgated in accordance with R.S. 2002), amended LR 38:2795 (November 2012), repromulgated LR 40:4(A)(7) and R.S. 40:5(2)(3)(7)(9)(16)(17)(20). 38:3233 (December 2012). HISTORICAL NOTE: Promulgated by the Department of §105. Effective Date and Edition Health and Hospitals, Office of Public Health, LR 38:2796 [formerly paragraph 14:003] (November 2012). A. Other than those specific portions of this Part §111. Scope pertaining to the implementation of Act No. 362 of the 2011 A. Applicability. The provisions of this code shall apply Regular Session, the remainder of this Part shall become to every plumbing installation, including alterations, repairs, effective on February 20, 2013. Furthermore, the year in replacement, equipment, appliances, fixtures, fittings and which this code becomes effective shall be used to indicate appurtenances. the edition; therefore, the rule being published in the November 20, 2012 Louisiana Register may be referred to B. Federal and State Authority. The provisions of this as the Louisiana State Plumbing Code, 2013 Edition. code shall not be held to deprive any federal or state agency, or any applicable governing authority having jurisdiction, of any power or authority which it had on the effective date of 301 Louisiana Administrative Code February 2015 PUBLIC HEALTH―SANITARY CODE the adoption of this code or of any remedy then existing for 1. substantial renovation of such buildings or facilities the enforcement of its orders, nor shall it deprive any is undertaken; or individual or corporation of its legal rights provided by law. 2. the ownership thereof or the business located C. Appendices. The appendices included in this code are therein changes subsequent to the effective date of this code; not intended for enforcement unless specifically referenced or, in the code text, stated in the appendix or specifically a. The text, or a portion thereof, contained in included in the adopting ordinance or promulgated Paragraph 2 of this Subsection above, does not apply when regulations. any particular provision of this code allows an exception to D. Referenced Standards. Standards referenced in this such requirement (e.g., see §411.A.1.a of this code). The code shall be considered an integral part of this code without non-applicable text, or portion thereof, of Paragraph 2 of this separate adoption. If specific portions of a standard are Subsection above is limited to what is allowed under the denoted by code text, only those portions of the standard specific exception thereto. shall be enforced. Where code provisions conflict with a 3. a serious health threat exists as determined by the standard, the code provisions shall be enforced Permissive state health officer. and advisory provisions in a standard shall not be construed as mandatory. AUTHORITY NOTE: Promulgated in accordance with R.S. 40:4(A)(7) and R.S. 40:5(2)(3)(7)(9)(16)(17)(20). E. Maintenance. All plumbing systems, both existing HISTORICAL NOTE: Promulgated by the Department of and new, and all parts thereof, shall be maintained in a safe Health and Hospitals, Office of Public Health, LR 38:2796 and sanitary condition. All devices or safeguards which are (November 2012). required by this code when constructed, altered, or repaired, §115. Special Historic Buildings shall be maintained in good working order. The owner, or his designated agent, shall be responsible for the maintenance of A. The provisions of this code relating to the installation, the plumbing system. alteration, repair, enlargement, restoration, replacement or relocation of plumbing installations shall not be mandatory AUTHORITY NOTE: Promulgated in accordance with R.S. for existing buildings or structures identified and classified 40:4(A)(7) and R.S. 40:5(2)(3)(7)(9)(16)(17)(20). HISTORICAL NOTE: Promulgated by the Department of by the federal, state or local jurisdiction as special historic Health and Hospitals, Office of Public Health, LR 38:2796 buildings when such installations are judged by the (November 2012). plumbing official to be safe and in the public interest of health, safety and welfare regarding any proposed §113. Existing Buildings installation, alteration, repair, enlargement, restoration, A. General. Alterations, repairs or rehabilitation work relocation or replacement. may be made to any existing plumbing installations without AUTHORITY NOTE: Promulgated in accordance with R.S. requiring the installations to comply with all the 40:4(A)(7) and R.S. 40:5(2)(3)(7)(9)(16)(17)(20). requirements of this code provided that the alteration, repair HISTORICAL NOTE: Promulgated by the Department of or rehabilitation work conforms to the requirements of this Health and Hospitals, Office of Public Health, LR 38:2797 code for new construction. The plumbing official shall (November 2012). determine the extent to which the existing plumbing installation shall be made to conform to the requirements of Subchapter C. Powers and Duties of this code for new construction. the Plumbing Official B. Change of Occupancy Classification. If the §117. Authority occupancy classification of an existing building is changed, the plumbing installation shall be made to comply with this A. Pursuant to R.S. 40:4.A(7) the state health officer is code. required to promulgate this code and pursuant to R.S. 40:5(3) the state health officer has the authority to enforce C. Substantial Renovation. If substantial renovation of this code. Any enforcement action by the state health officer an existing building or facility is done, the plumbing shall be in accordance with Part I of the Sanitary Code, State installation shall be made to comply with this Part. of Louisiana (LAC 51:I), and/or applicable state laws. D. Exemptions from Code for Buildings or Facilities AUTHORITY NOTE: Promulgated in accordance with R.S. which had Either been Previously Permitted, Licensed or 40:4(A)(7) and R.S. 40:5(2)(3)(7)(9)(16)(17)(20). Specifically Approved by the State Health Officer. In accord HISTORICAL NOTE: Promulgated by the Department of with LAC 51:I.123 and unless otherwise specifically Health and Hospitals, Office of Public Health, LR 38:2797 provided hereinafter, when the construction of buildings and (November 2012).
Recommended publications
  • Tariff Schedules of the United States Alphabetical Index

    Tariff Schedules of the United States Alphabetical Index

    TARIFF SCHEDULES OF THE UNITED STATES ALPHABETICAL INDEX 447 TARIFF SCHEDULES OF THE UNITED STATES 449 References to References to Tariff Schedules Tariff Schedules A ABACA 30U.02-0U ACID(S) —Continued ABRASIVES AND ABRASIVE ARTICEES Sch 5 Ft IG fatty, of animal or vegetable origin—Con. abrasive wheels mounted on frameworks, salts of— hand or pedal operated 6i<9.39 quaternary ammonium 1+65.15-20 nspf 519.81-86 sodium and potassium 1+65.25-30 ACCESSORIES (see PARTS, specific article of other 1+90.30-50 which accessory, or name of accessory) gluconic, and its compounds 1+37-51-52 ACCORDIONS 725.1U-16 glycerophosphoric, and its compounds 1+37.51+ ACCOUNTING MACHINES incorporating calculating inorganic 1+16.05-1+0 mechanism 676.1S-25 organic, including halogenated, hydroxy, ACENAPHTHENE li01.02 sulfonated and other substituted and ACETALDEHIDE U27.U0 unsubstituted acids 1+25-70-98 ACETALS ii29.00 monohydric alcohol esters of 1+28+50-72 ACETANILIDE— polyhydric alcohol esters of 1+28.30-1+6 suitable for medicinal use U07.02 salts of I+26.IO-I+27.28 other k03.60 salicylic— ACETATE(S) — suitable for medicinal use 1+07.12 amyl lt28.SO other 1+03-60 benzyl 1+08.05 tannic, containing of tannic acid— butyl 1+28.52 under 50 percent 1+25.98 calcium 1+26.10 50 percent or more 1+37-68-69 cellulose 1+1+5.20 ACONITE 1+35-05-10 copper 1+26.28 ACRIDINE 1+01.01+ ethyl 1+28.58 ACRTLATES AND METHACRTLATES 1+28.62-66 lead 1+26.36 ACRYIIC RESINS 1+1+5.05 nickel 1+26.58 ACRTLONITRILE— 1+25.00 sodium 1+26.86 resins l+i+5.10 vinyl 1+28.68 ACTIVATED CLAY 521.87 Other
  • 248 Cmr: Board of State Examiners of Plumbers and Gas Fitters

    248 Cmr: Board of State Examiners of Plumbers and Gas Fitters

    248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS 248 CMR 10.00: UNIFORM STATE PLUMBING CODE Section 10.01: Scope and Jurisdiction 10.02: Basic Principles 10.03: Definitions 10.04: Testing and Safety 10.05: General Regulations 10.06: Materials 10.07: Joints and Connections 10.08: Traps and Cleanouts 10.09: Interceptors, Separators, and Holding Tanks 10.10: Plumbing Fixtures 10.11: Hangers and Supports 10.12: Indirect Waste Piping 10.13: Piping and Treatment of Special Hazardous Wastes 10.14: Water Supply and the Water Distribution System 10.15: Sanitary Drainage System 10.16: Vents and Venting 10.17: Storm Drains 10.18: Hospital Fixtures 10.19: Plumbing in Manufactured Homes and Construction Trailers 10.20: Public and Semi-public Swimming Pools 10.21: Boiler Blow-off Tank 10.22: Figures 10.23: Vacuum Drainage Systems 10.01: Scope and Jurisdiction (1) Scope. 248 CMR 10.00 governs the requirements for the installation, alteration, removal, replacement, repair, or construction of all plumbing. (2) Jurisdiction. (a) Nothing in 248 CMR 10.00 shall be construed as applying to: 1. refrigeration; 2. heating; 3. cooling; 4. ventilation or fire sprinkler systems beyond the point where a direct connection is made with the potable water distribution system. (b) Sanitary drains, storm water drains, hazardous waste drainage systems, dedicated systems, potable and non-potable water supply lines and other connections shall be subject to 248 CMR 10.00. 10.02: Basic Principles Founding of Principles. 248 CMR 10.00 is founded upon basic principles which hold that public health, environmental sanitation, and safety can only be achieved through properly designed, acceptably installed, and adequately maintained plumbing systems.
  • Priolo® Flowise® 15" Height Elongated Flushometer Toilet VITREOUS CHINA with EVERCLEAN®

    Priolo® Flowise® 15" Height Elongated Flushometer Toilet VITREOUS CHINA with EVERCLEAN®

    Priolo® FloWise® 15" Height Elongated Flushometer Toilet VITREOUS CHINA with EVERCLEAN® Priolo® FloWise® 15" Height Elongated Flushometer Toilet with EVERCLEAN® • Floor mount rear outlet flushometer valve toilet • Vitreous china • High Efficiency, Low Consumption. Operates in the range of 1.1 gpf to 1.6 gpf (4.2 Lpf to 6.0 Lpf) • Meets definition of HET (High Efficiency Toilet) when used with a high efficiency flush valve (1.28 gpf or 1.6 / 1.1 gpf dual flush) • Permanent EverClean® surface inhibits the growth of stain- and odor-causing bacteria, mold, and mildew on the surface • 15" rim height • Condensation channel • Elongated bowl • Powerful direct-fed siphon jet action • Fully glazed 2-1/8" trapway • 1-1/2" inlet spud • 4 bolt caps ❏ 3690.001 Elongated bowl only, top spud SEE REVERSE FOR ROUGHING-IN DIMENSIONS ❏ 3691.001 Elongated bowl only, top spud with slotted rim for bedpan holding To Be Specified: ❏ Color: ❏ White System MaP* Score: ❏ • 1,000 grams of miso @ 1.6 gpf or 1.28 gpf when Seat: used with an American Standard flush valve ❏ American Standard #5901.110 Heavy duty open front less cover with EverClean® surface * Maximum Performance (MaP) testing performed by IAPMO R&T Lab. MaP Report conducted by Veritec Consulting, Inc. ❏ American Standard #5905.110 Extra heavy duty and Koeller and Company. open front less cover with EverClean® surface ❏ Alternative Seat: Component Parts: ❏ Flushometer Valve: ❏ 047007-0070A Inlet spud (furnished with bowl) ❏ 1.6 gpf: ❏ ® ❏ 481310-0200A Bolt caps with retainers Sensor-Operated: American
  • AFWALL® Flowise® ELONGATED FLUSHOMETER TOILET VITREOUS CHINA with EVERCLEAN® BARRIER FREE AFWALL® Flowise® ELONGATED TOILET with EVERCLEAN®

    AFWALL® Flowise® ELONGATED FLUSHOMETER TOILET VITREOUS CHINA with EVERCLEAN® BARRIER FREE AFWALL® Flowise® ELONGATED TOILET with EVERCLEAN®

    AFWALL® FloWise® ELONGATED FLUSHOMETER TOILET VITREOUS CHINA with EVERCLEAN® BARRIER FREE AFWALL® FloWise® ELONGATED TOILET with EVERCLEAN® • Wall-mounted flushometer valve toilet • Vitreous china • High Efficiency, Low Consumption. Operates in the range of 1.1 gpf to 1.6 gpf (4.2 Lpf to 6.0 Lpf) • Meets definition of HET (High Efficiency Toilet) when used with a high efficiency flush valve (1.28 gpf or 1.6 / 1.1 gpf dual flush) • Permanent EverClean® surface inhibits the growth of stain- and odor-causing bacteria, mold, and mildew on the surface • Condensation channel • Elongated bowl • Powerful direct-fed siphon jet action • 1-1/2" inlet spud • Fully-glazed 2-1/8" trapway • 10" x 12" water surface area • 100% factory flush tested ❏ 3351.001 Elongated bowl only, top spud SEE REVERSE FOR ROUGHING-IN DIMENSIONS ❏ 3352.001 Elongated bowl only, top spud with slotted rim for bedpan holding (White only) ❏ 3353.001 Elongated bowl only, back spud To Be Specified: ❏ ❏ Color: ❏ White ❏ Bone ❏ Linen 3354.001 Elongated bowl only, back spud with ❏ Seat: slotted rim for bedpan holding (White only) ❏ American Standard #5901.100 Heavy duty open front less cover System MaP* Score: ❏ American Standard #5905.100 Extra heavy • 1,000 grams of miso @ 1.6 gpf or 1.28 gpf when used with an American Standard flush valve duty open front less cover ❏ Flushometer Valve: * Maximum Performance (MaP) testing performed by IAPMO ❏ R&T Lab. MaP Report conducted by Veritec Consulting, Inc. 1.6 gpf: and Koeller and Company. ❏ Sensor-Operated: American Standard Selectronic®
  • Arxiv:2101.11990V1 [Physics.Flu-Dyn] 28 Jan 2021 in the Study Reported That All of the Restroom Surfaces Appeared Teria Recovered from Air Samples

    Arxiv:2101.11990V1 [Physics.Flu-Dyn] 28 Jan 2021 in the Study Reported That All of the Restroom Surfaces Appeared Teria Recovered from Air Samples

    Aerosol generation in public restrooms Jesse H. Schreck,1, a) Masoud Jahandar Lashaki,2, b) Javad Hashemi,1, c) Manhar Dhanak,1, d) and Siddhartha Verma1, e) 1)Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA 2)Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatics Engineering, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA (Dated: 29 January 2021) Aerosolized droplets play a central role in the transmission of various infectious diseases, including Legionnaire’s disease, gastroenteritis-causing norovirus, and most recently COVID-19. Respiratory droplets are known to be the most prominent source of transmission for COVID-19, however, alternative routes may exist given the discovery of small numbers of viable viruses in urine and stool samples. Flushing biomatter can lead to the aerosolization of microorganisms, thus, there is a likelihood that bioaerosols generated in public restrooms may pose a concern for the transmission of COVID-19, especially since these areas are relatively confined, experience heavy foot traffic, and may suffer from inadequate ventilation. To quantify the extent of aerosolization, we measure the size and number of droplets generated by flushing toilets and urinals in a public restroom. The results indicate that the particular designs tested in the study generate a large number of droplets in the size range 0:3mm to 3mm, which can reach heights of at least 1:52m. Covering the toilet reduced aerosol levels but did not eliminate them completely, suggesting that aerosolized droplets escaped through small gaps between the cover and the seat. In addition to consistent increases in aerosol levels immediately after flushing, there was a notable rise in ambient aerosol levels due to the accumulation of droplets from multiple flushes conducted during the tests.
  • PLUMBING DICTIONARY Sixth Edition

    PLUMBING DICTIONARY Sixth Edition

    as to produce smooth threads. 2. An oil or oily preparation used as a cutting fluid espe cially a water-soluble oil (such as a mineral oil containing- a fatty oil) Cut Grooving (cut groov-ing) the process of machining away material, providing a groove into a pipe to allow for a mechani cal coupling to be installed.This process was invented by Victau - lic Corp. in 1925. Cut Grooving is designed for stanard weight- ceives or heavier wall thickness pipe. tetrafluoroethylene (tet-ra-- theseveral lower variouslyterminal, whichshaped re or decalescensecryolite (de-ca-les-cen- ming and flood consisting(cry-o-lite) of sodium-alumi earthfluo-ro-eth-yl-ene) by alternately dam a colorless, thegrooved vapors tools. from 4. anonpressure tool used by se) a decrease in temperaturea mineral nonflammable gas used in mak- metalworkers to shape material thatnum occurs fluoride. while Usedheating for soldermet- ing a stream. See STANK. or the pressure sterilizers, and - spannering heat resistantwrench and(span-ner acid re - conductsto a desired the form vapors. 5. a tooldirectly used al ingthrough copper a rangeand inalloys which when a mixed with phosphoric acid.- wrench)sistant plastics 1. one ofsuch various as teflon. tools to setthe theouter teeth air. of Sometimesaatmosphere circular or exhaust vent. See change in a structure occurs. Also used for soldering alumi forAbbr. tightening, T.F.E. or loosening,chiefly Brit.: orcalled band vapor, saw. steam,6. a tool used to degree of hazard (de-gree stench trap (stench trap) num bronze when mixed with nutsthermal and bolts.expansion 2. (water) straightenLOCAL VENT.
  • Identifying and Repairing Toilet Leaks

    Identifying and Repairing Toilet Leaks

    LOS OSOS, CA 93402 2212 9TH STREET UTILITIES DEPARTMENT LOS OSOS COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICT Flapper leaks commonly turn on IDENTIFYING and off, so they are not always de- tectable by checking the meter to AND see if it is turning. If you do see your meter moving when no one is R EPAIRING using water or if the toilet seems to flush by itself, the flapper is proba- T OILET LEAKS bly the culprit. To verify the nature of your prob- Toilet leaks are the most common lem, do a dye test. Mix dark food household leak, so the toilet should be coloring (instant coffee, powdered the first fixture to check when your fruit drink mix or the dye tablets water consumption increases. If your provided in the District’s Water meter indicates a leak, by constantly The following information does not Conservation Kits) with the toilet turning (see pamphlet entitled apply to pressure-assist toilets (if tank water. If your flapper is leak- “Reading Your Water Meter”), your you look inside your toilet tank, ing, or if your water level is set too toilet can be isolated by turning off the there is no freestanding water visi- high, you will see the bowl water Stop or Shut-Off Valve at the wall ble). The repair of a pressure-assist begin to discolor within about five beneath the toilet tank. If the valve is mechanism is a task best left to a minutes as the food coloring leaks turned off and your meter stops plumbing professional trained in the into the bowl.
  • Ecopower® Flush Valve and in Order to Alert You Possible Personal Injury and Damage to Your Property

    Ecopower® Flush Valve and in Order to Alert You Possible Personal Injury and Damage to Your Property

    03584T2R v02 2012.01 Warranty ® Owner's ManManualual 1. TOTO® warrants its products to be free from manufacturing defects under normal use and service for a period of three (3) years from the date of purchase. This warranty is extended only to the ORIGINAL NOTE TO INSTALLER : PLEASE GIVE THIS MANUAL TO THE PURCHASER. CUSTOMER AFTER INSTALLATION. 2. TOTO’s® obligations under this warranty are limited to repair or replacement, at TOTO’s® option, of products or parts found to be defective, provided that such products were properly installed and used in accordance with OWNER’S MANUAL. TOTO® reserves the right to make such inspections as may be necessary in order to determine the cause of the defect. TOTO® will not charge for labor or parts in ® connection with warranty repairs or replacements. TOTO® is not responsible for the cost of removal, EcoPower Flush Valve return and/or reinstallation of products. 3. This warranty does not apply to the following items: c a) Damage or loss sustained in a natural calamity such as fire, earthquake, flood, thunder, electrical storm, etc. Models b) Damage or loss resulting from any unreasonable use, misuse, abuse, negligence, or improper maintenance of the product. AUTOMATIC TOILET FLUSH VALVE Important Safeguards.................1 c) Damage or loss resulting from removal, improper repair, or modification of the product. d) Damage or loss resulting from sediments or foreign matter contained in a water system. Model Number e) Damage or loss resulting from improper installation or from installation of a unit in a harsh and/or hazardous environment. and Specifications.................2 f) Damage or loss resulting from acts of animals such as mice and insects.
  • Behavioral Economics and the Design of a Dual-Flush Toilet TN 71105 2 JUN 03 2013

    Behavioral Economics and the Design of a Dual-Flush Toilet TN 71105 2 JUN 03 2013

    California Energy Commission DOCKETED 12-AAER-2C 1 Behavioral Economics and the Design of a Dual-Flush Toilet TN 71105 2 JUN 03 2013 3 Jade S. Arocha 4 10305 Dover Street #713 5 Westminster, CO 80021, U.S.A. 6 [email protected] 7 970 310-1738 8 and 9 Laura M. J. McCann 10 Dept. of and Applied Agricultural Economics 11 212 Mumford Hall 12 University of Missouri 13 Columbia, MO 65203, U.S.A. 14 [email protected] 15 573 882-1304 16 17 Initial submission May 18, 2012 18 Revised submission, October 15, 2012 19 20 21 22 23 1 24 Abstract 25 Dual-flush toilets, which use a high-volume flush for solid waste and a lower-volume flush for 26 liquid waste, can reduce water consumption. Behavioral economics was used to analyze the 27 design of the dual flush mechanism of the Sloan Uppercut® toilet. The default option, pushing the 28 handle down, results in a large flush. Because Americans have been ―conditioned‖ to push the 29 toilet handle down, it was expected that most users would push the handle down out of habit. A 30 field experiment measuring up versus down flushes in eight women‘s toilets in a municipal 31 building confirmed expectations. While Sloan predicted a 2:1 urination-to-defecation ratio, the 32 observed ratio during the control period was 1:4, i.e. the ratio was the opposite of what would 33 occur if people used the toilets correctly. Adding signage to each stall only increased the ratio to 34 2:5, emphasizing the importance of the default.
  • Frequently Asked Questions About Low Flow Toilets

    Frequently Asked Questions About Low Flow Toilets

    Water Conservation Devices » Selecting a Toilet? » Be Sure The Toilet Will Work In Your Building » Purchasing an ultra-low-flush toilet » Choosing a Licensed Plumber/Contractor » What should I know about maintaining 1.6 gpf toilets? » Disclaimer of Liability Selecting a Toilet Not all ultra low-flush toilets are the same. The ultra low-flush toilet you would install in your multiplex, commercial or industrial bathroom will probably be different from the toilet you install in your home. You want to buy a new toilet and you want to make sure it works properly. Toilets have two basic operational elements: (1) the intake of water used for flushing and (2) the discharge of wastewater. However, there are different types of toilets based on the way they perform these operations. You need to identify which type(s) of toilets are currently in your building and which is the most appropriate type to replace them with before you make a purchase. Gravity-Fed Tank Toilets: If you see freestanding water when peering down into the tank, your toilet is gravity-fed. Gravity toilets, which have a bowl and a tank, are the most common type of toilet found in residential settings but are in some commercial/business settings. They rely on the weight of the water and head pressure (height of the water in the tank) to promote the flush. They depend on the volume of water in the tank to flush wastes and usually require water pressure of no more than 10 - 15 pounds per square inch (psi) to operate properly.
  • 2019 U.S. Watersense Market Penetration Report

    2019 U.S. Watersense Market Penetration Report

    1 2019 U.S. WaterSense Market Penetration A GMP Research Industry Report commissioned by Plumbing Manufacturers International (PMI) June 2019 GMP Research Inc. | 2999 River Vista Way | Mount Pleasant, SC 29466 | 843-884-9567 | www.gmpresearch.com 2 Copyright and disclaimer notice Information and images contained within this report published by GMP Research Inc. ("GMP Research") are copyrighted and the property of GMP Research Inc. GMP Research Inc. authorizes clients to copy documents or pages published by GMP Research Inc. in this report for internal use only. Copies may be made for others for their personal information only. Any such copy shall retain all copyrights and other proprietary notices, and any disclaimer contained thereon. None of the content of these pages may be incorporated into, reproduced on, or stored in any other report, website, electronic retrieval system, or in any other publication, whether in hard copy or electronic form. Customers may not, without our permission, 'mirror' this information on their own server, or modify or re-use text or graphics of this report for another report or system. Notwithstanding the above, permission is hereby granted to PMI, PMI’s member, and EPA WaterSense to reproduce or distribute this report in whole or in part for educational or personal use, including without limitation posting this report on PMI’s website, provided that this copyright notice appears in all copies. Certain links contained in this report may lead to resources located on servers maintained by third parties over whom GMP Research Inc. has no control. GMP Research Inc. accepts no responsibility for the information contained on such servers.
  • Watersense® Specification for Flushometer-Valve Water Closets Supporting Statement

    Watersense® Specification for Flushometer-Valve Water Closets Supporting Statement

    WaterSense® Specification for Flushometer-Valve Water Closets Supporting Statement WaterSense® Specification for Flushometer-Valve Water Closets Supporting Statement I. Introduction The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) WaterSense program released its specification for flushometer-valve water closets to further promote and enhance the market for water-efficient commercial restroom plumbing fixtures. The intent of this specification is to help purchasers identify products that meet EPA’s criteria for water efficiency and performance. This specification addresses flushometer-valve water closets, including fixtures that receive liquid and solid waste and use water to convey waste through a trap seal into a gravity drainage system, as well as flushometer valves that deliver water to water closet fixtures via a pressurized water supply line. Flushometer-valve water closets are typically employed in commercial and public-use restrooms. Retrofit devices, including flushometer-valve handles or other aftermarket retrofit systems, are not covered by this specification. II. Current Status of Flushometer-Valve Water Closets There are approximately 27 million flushometer-valve water closets currently in use in the United States, and about 500,000 new flushometer-valve water closets are sold for installation in new buildings or for replacement of aging fixtures each year. The Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPAct 1992) established a maximum flush volume of 1.6 gallons per flush (gpf) (6.0 liters per flush [Lpf]) for all water closets sold in the United States after January 1, 1997. These requirements are codified in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) at 10 CFR Part 430 (specifically §430.32[1] Water Closets).