2019 U.S. Watersense Market Penetration Report
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248 Cmr: Board of State Examiners of Plumbers and Gas Fitters
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS 248 CMR 10.00: UNIFORM STATE PLUMBING CODE Section 10.01: Scope and Jurisdiction 10.02: Basic Principles 10.03: Definitions 10.04: Testing and Safety 10.05: General Regulations 10.06: Materials 10.07: Joints and Connections 10.08: Traps and Cleanouts 10.09: Interceptors, Separators, and Holding Tanks 10.10: Plumbing Fixtures 10.11: Hangers and Supports 10.12: Indirect Waste Piping 10.13: Piping and Treatment of Special Hazardous Wastes 10.14: Water Supply and the Water Distribution System 10.15: Sanitary Drainage System 10.16: Vents and Venting 10.17: Storm Drains 10.18: Hospital Fixtures 10.19: Plumbing in Manufactured Homes and Construction Trailers 10.20: Public and Semi-public Swimming Pools 10.21: Boiler Blow-off Tank 10.22: Figures 10.23: Vacuum Drainage Systems 10.01: Scope and Jurisdiction (1) Scope. 248 CMR 10.00 governs the requirements for the installation, alteration, removal, replacement, repair, or construction of all plumbing. (2) Jurisdiction. (a) Nothing in 248 CMR 10.00 shall be construed as applying to: 1. refrigeration; 2. heating; 3. cooling; 4. ventilation or fire sprinkler systems beyond the point where a direct connection is made with the potable water distribution system. (b) Sanitary drains, storm water drains, hazardous waste drainage systems, dedicated systems, potable and non-potable water supply lines and other connections shall be subject to 248 CMR 10.00. 10.02: Basic Principles Founding of Principles. 248 CMR 10.00 is founded upon basic principles which hold that public health, environmental sanitation, and safety can only be achieved through properly designed, acceptably installed, and adequately maintained plumbing systems. -
Priolo® Flowise® 15" Height Elongated Flushometer Toilet VITREOUS CHINA with EVERCLEAN®
Priolo® FloWise® 15" Height Elongated Flushometer Toilet VITREOUS CHINA with EVERCLEAN® Priolo® FloWise® 15" Height Elongated Flushometer Toilet with EVERCLEAN® • Floor mount rear outlet flushometer valve toilet • Vitreous china • High Efficiency, Low Consumption. Operates in the range of 1.1 gpf to 1.6 gpf (4.2 Lpf to 6.0 Lpf) • Meets definition of HET (High Efficiency Toilet) when used with a high efficiency flush valve (1.28 gpf or 1.6 / 1.1 gpf dual flush) • Permanent EverClean® surface inhibits the growth of stain- and odor-causing bacteria, mold, and mildew on the surface • 15" rim height • Condensation channel • Elongated bowl • Powerful direct-fed siphon jet action • Fully glazed 2-1/8" trapway • 1-1/2" inlet spud • 4 bolt caps ❏ 3690.001 Elongated bowl only, top spud SEE REVERSE FOR ROUGHING-IN DIMENSIONS ❏ 3691.001 Elongated bowl only, top spud with slotted rim for bedpan holding To Be Specified: ❏ Color: ❏ White System MaP* Score: ❏ • 1,000 grams of miso @ 1.6 gpf or 1.28 gpf when Seat: used with an American Standard flush valve ❏ American Standard #5901.110 Heavy duty open front less cover with EverClean® surface * Maximum Performance (MaP) testing performed by IAPMO R&T Lab. MaP Report conducted by Veritec Consulting, Inc. ❏ American Standard #5905.110 Extra heavy duty and Koeller and Company. open front less cover with EverClean® surface ❏ Alternative Seat: Component Parts: ❏ Flushometer Valve: ❏ 047007-0070A Inlet spud (furnished with bowl) ❏ 1.6 gpf: ❏ ® ❏ 481310-0200A Bolt caps with retainers Sensor-Operated: American -
U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, MAQUAT 10, 08/08/2008
UNiTED ST.c~S ENVIRONMENTA.L'PROTECTI9NAGC1V [o3J-Cf -63' ~/g-'fcH;oe Ms. Elizabeth Tannehill Mason Chemical Company .r~~---~ .. 721 W. Algonquin Road ",'". 'I' ~1 , ,r: Arlington Heights, IL 60005 AUG 8 200a Subject: Maquat 10 EPA Registration No.: 10324-63 Amendment Date: March 19,2008 EP A Receipt Date: March 28, 2008 Dear Ms. Tannehill, The following amendment, submitted in connection With registration under section 3(c)(7)(A) of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and.Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), as amended, is 'acceptable subject to the conditions listed below: • Addition of public health organisms • Addition of directions for use and marketing claims • ,Acceptable Data Correct your data matrix to indicate the correct MRIDs: Porcine Rotavinis: 45171410 and Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome: 45171409. Community Associated Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Submitted study,.MRID473868-01 Acceptable, 625 ppm active in 5% . soil for 10 minutes Avian Influenza A (H5Nl) virus Submitted study, MRID 473868-02 Acceptable, 625 ppm active in 5% soil for 10 minutes Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 Submitted study, MRID 47386g~03 Acceptable, 625 ppm active in 5% soil for 2 minutes cONcuRReNces.' " . .. SYMBOL ••• J§l~.e ...................... _.~ ................ .. 0.............. ·o ••• _~ ......~....... .. .~O... ...• ....... .. .... 00"' ......... 0... ..0 .• 00." ...... SURNAME" -.;. ~ . DA1"E .; ••• ~J;j6~ .......... ~ ........... ~ .............. •••••••••••••••• ~~ •.•••• ~.......... ••••••••••••••••• • .............. _ ••••• ~ •••••• o ••••• ...... OFfiCIAL fiLE COpy EPA Form 1320-1A (1190) P,illud 011 Re~/ed Pa~ UNITED ST[~S ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECT'ION AGC~CY Conditions Revise the label as follows: 1) Delete the following organism from the "Food Contact SanitiZing Performance" section on pages three and twelve: Clostridium perfringens-vegetative. The Agency is not longer accepting claims of effectiveness against the vegetative form of this organism. -
AFWALL® Flowise® ELONGATED FLUSHOMETER TOILET VITREOUS CHINA with EVERCLEAN® BARRIER FREE AFWALL® Flowise® ELONGATED TOILET with EVERCLEAN®
AFWALL® FloWise® ELONGATED FLUSHOMETER TOILET VITREOUS CHINA with EVERCLEAN® BARRIER FREE AFWALL® FloWise® ELONGATED TOILET with EVERCLEAN® • Wall-mounted flushometer valve toilet • Vitreous china • High Efficiency, Low Consumption. Operates in the range of 1.1 gpf to 1.6 gpf (4.2 Lpf to 6.0 Lpf) • Meets definition of HET (High Efficiency Toilet) when used with a high efficiency flush valve (1.28 gpf or 1.6 / 1.1 gpf dual flush) • Permanent EverClean® surface inhibits the growth of stain- and odor-causing bacteria, mold, and mildew on the surface • Condensation channel • Elongated bowl • Powerful direct-fed siphon jet action • 1-1/2" inlet spud • Fully-glazed 2-1/8" trapway • 10" x 12" water surface area • 100% factory flush tested ❏ 3351.001 Elongated bowl only, top spud SEE REVERSE FOR ROUGHING-IN DIMENSIONS ❏ 3352.001 Elongated bowl only, top spud with slotted rim for bedpan holding (White only) ❏ 3353.001 Elongated bowl only, back spud To Be Specified: ❏ ❏ Color: ❏ White ❏ Bone ❏ Linen 3354.001 Elongated bowl only, back spud with ❏ Seat: slotted rim for bedpan holding (White only) ❏ American Standard #5901.100 Heavy duty open front less cover System MaP* Score: ❏ American Standard #5905.100 Extra heavy • 1,000 grams of miso @ 1.6 gpf or 1.28 gpf when used with an American Standard flush valve duty open front less cover ❏ Flushometer Valve: * Maximum Performance (MaP) testing performed by IAPMO ❏ R&T Lab. MaP Report conducted by Veritec Consulting, Inc. 1.6 gpf: and Koeller and Company. ❏ Sensor-Operated: American Standard Selectronic® -
Chapter 4 Fixtures, Faucets and Fixture Fittings
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Composite Default screen CHAPTER 4 FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS SECTION 401 402.2 Materials for specialty fixtures. Materials for specialty GENERAL fixtures not otherwise covered in this code shall be of stainless 401.1 Scope. This chapter shall govern the materials, design steel, soapstone, chemical stoneware or plastic, or shall be and installation of plumbing fixtures, faucets and fixture fit- lined with lead, copper-base alloy, nickel-copper alloy, corro- tings in accordance with the type of occupancy, and shall pro- sion-resistant steel or other material especially suited to the vide for the minimum number of fixtures for various types of application for which the fixture is intended. occupancies. 402.3 Sheet copper. Sheet copper for general applications 401.2 Prohibited fixtures and connections. Water closets shall conform to ASTM B 152 and shall not weigh less than 12 having a concealed trap seal or an unventilated space or having ounces per square foot (3.7 kg/m2). walls that are not thoroughly washed at each discharge in 402.4 Sheet lead. Sheet lead for pans shall not weigh less than accordance with ASME A112.19.2M shall be prohibited. Any 4 pounds per square foot (19.5 kg/m2) coated with an asphalt water closet that permits siphonage of the contents of the bowl paint or other approved coating. back into the tank shall be prohibited. Trough urinals shall be prohibited. 401.3 Water conservation. The maximum water flow rates SECTION 403 and flush volume for plumbing fixtures and fixture fittings MINIMUM PLUMBING FACILITIES shall comply with Section 604.4. -
Arxiv:2101.11990V1 [Physics.Flu-Dyn] 28 Jan 2021 in the Study Reported That All of the Restroom Surfaces Appeared Teria Recovered from Air Samples
Aerosol generation in public restrooms Jesse H. Schreck,1, a) Masoud Jahandar Lashaki,2, b) Javad Hashemi,1, c) Manhar Dhanak,1, d) and Siddhartha Verma1, e) 1)Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA 2)Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatics Engineering, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA (Dated: 29 January 2021) Aerosolized droplets play a central role in the transmission of various infectious diseases, including Legionnaire’s disease, gastroenteritis-causing norovirus, and most recently COVID-19. Respiratory droplets are known to be the most prominent source of transmission for COVID-19, however, alternative routes may exist given the discovery of small numbers of viable viruses in urine and stool samples. Flushing biomatter can lead to the aerosolization of microorganisms, thus, there is a likelihood that bioaerosols generated in public restrooms may pose a concern for the transmission of COVID-19, especially since these areas are relatively confined, experience heavy foot traffic, and may suffer from inadequate ventilation. To quantify the extent of aerosolization, we measure the size and number of droplets generated by flushing toilets and urinals in a public restroom. The results indicate that the particular designs tested in the study generate a large number of droplets in the size range 0:3mm to 3mm, which can reach heights of at least 1:52m. Covering the toilet reduced aerosol levels but did not eliminate them completely, suggesting that aerosolized droplets escaped through small gaps between the cover and the seat. In addition to consistent increases in aerosol levels immediately after flushing, there was a notable rise in ambient aerosol levels due to the accumulation of droplets from multiple flushes conducted during the tests. -
2 the Robo-Toilet Revolution the Actress and the Gorilla
George, Rose, 2014, The Big Necessity: The Unmentionable World of Human Waste and Why It Matters (pp. 39-64). Henry Holt and Co.. Kindle Edition. 2 THE ROBO-TOILET REVOLUTION THE ACTRESS AND THE GORILLA The flush toilet is a curious object. It is the default method of excreta disposal in most of the industrialized, technologically advanced world. It was invented either five hundred or two thousand years ago, depending on opinion. Yet in its essential workings, this everyday banal object hasn’t changed much since Sir John Harington, godson of Queen Elizabeth I, thought his godmother might like something that flushed away her excreta, and devised the Ajax, a play on the Elizabethan word jakes, meaning privy. The greatest improvements to date were made in England in the later years of the eighteenth century and the early years of the next by the trio of Alexander Cumming (who invented a valve mechanism), Joseph Bramah (a Yorkshireman who improved on Cumming’s valve and made the best lavatories to be had for the next century), and Thomas Crapper (another Yorkshireman who did not invent the toilet but improved its parts). In engineering terms, the best invention was the siphonic flush, which pulls the water out of the bowl and into the pipe. For the user, the S-bend was the godsend, because the water that rested in the bend created a seal that prevented odor from emerging from the pipe. At the height of Victorian invention, when toilets were their most ornate and decorated with the prettiest pottery, patents for siphonic flushes, for example, were being requested at the rate of two dozen or so a year. -
PLUMBING DICTIONARY Sixth Edition
as to produce smooth threads. 2. An oil or oily preparation used as a cutting fluid espe cially a water-soluble oil (such as a mineral oil containing- a fatty oil) Cut Grooving (cut groov-ing) the process of machining away material, providing a groove into a pipe to allow for a mechani cal coupling to be installed.This process was invented by Victau - lic Corp. in 1925. Cut Grooving is designed for stanard weight- ceives or heavier wall thickness pipe. tetrafluoroethylene (tet-ra-- theseveral lower variouslyterminal, whichshaped re or decalescensecryolite (de-ca-les-cen- ming and flood consisting(cry-o-lite) of sodium-alumi earthfluo-ro-eth-yl-ene) by alternately dam a colorless, thegrooved vapors tools. from 4. anonpressure tool used by se) a decrease in temperaturea mineral nonflammable gas used in mak- metalworkers to shape material thatnum occurs fluoride. while Usedheating for soldermet- ing a stream. See STANK. or the pressure sterilizers, and - spannering heat resistantwrench and(span-ner acid re - conductsto a desired the form vapors. 5. a tooldirectly used al ingthrough copper a rangeand inalloys which when a mixed with phosphoric acid.- wrench)sistant plastics 1. one ofsuch various as teflon. tools to setthe theouter teeth air. of Sometimesaatmosphere circular or exhaust vent. See change in a structure occurs. Also used for soldering alumi forAbbr. tightening, T.F.E. or loosening,chiefly Brit.: orcalled band vapor, saw. steam,6. a tool used to degree of hazard (de-gree stench trap (stench trap) num bronze when mixed with nutsthermal and bolts.expansion 2. (water) straightenLOCAL VENT. -
Lesson B1 RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SANITATION
EMW ATER E -LEARNING COURSE PROJECT FUNDED BY THE EUROPEAN UNION LESSON A1: C HARACTERISTIC , A NALYTIC AND SAMPLING OF WASTEWATER Lesson B1 RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SANITATION Authors: Holger Gulyas Deepak Raj Gajurel Ralf Otterpohl Institute of Wastewater Management Hamburg University of Technology Hamburg, Germany Revised by Dr. Yavuz Özoguz data-quest Suchi & Berg GmbH Keywords Anaerobic digestion, Bio-gas, Black water, Brown water, Composting/Vermicomposting, Composting/dehydrating toilet, Ecological sanitation, Grey water, Rottebehaelter, Sorting toilet, Vacuum toilet, Yellow water, EMW ATER E -LEARNING COURSE PROJECT FUNDED BY THE EUROPEAN UNION LESSON A1: C HARACTERISTIC , A NALYTIC AND SAMPLING OF WASTEWATER Table of content 1. Material flows in domestic wastewater....................................................................4 1.1 Different sources..................................................................................................4 1.2 Characteristics of different streams...................................................................4 1.3 Yellow water as fertilizer .....................................................................................6 1.4 Brown water as soil conditioner.........................................................................8 2. Conventional sanitation systems and their limitations..........................................9 3. Conventional decentralised sanitation systems – benefits and limitations.......12 4. Resource Management Sanitation .........................................................................14 -
Ecopower® Flush Valve and in Order to Alert You Possible Personal Injury and Damage to Your Property
03584T2R v02 2012.01 Warranty ® Owner's ManManualual 1. TOTO® warrants its products to be free from manufacturing defects under normal use and service for a period of three (3) years from the date of purchase. This warranty is extended only to the ORIGINAL NOTE TO INSTALLER : PLEASE GIVE THIS MANUAL TO THE PURCHASER. CUSTOMER AFTER INSTALLATION. 2. TOTO’s® obligations under this warranty are limited to repair or replacement, at TOTO’s® option, of products or parts found to be defective, provided that such products were properly installed and used in accordance with OWNER’S MANUAL. TOTO® reserves the right to make such inspections as may be necessary in order to determine the cause of the defect. TOTO® will not charge for labor or parts in ® connection with warranty repairs or replacements. TOTO® is not responsible for the cost of removal, EcoPower Flush Valve return and/or reinstallation of products. 3. This warranty does not apply to the following items: c a) Damage or loss sustained in a natural calamity such as fire, earthquake, flood, thunder, electrical storm, etc. Models b) Damage or loss resulting from any unreasonable use, misuse, abuse, negligence, or improper maintenance of the product. AUTOMATIC TOILET FLUSH VALVE Important Safeguards.................1 c) Damage or loss resulting from removal, improper repair, or modification of the product. d) Damage or loss resulting from sediments or foreign matter contained in a water system. Model Number e) Damage or loss resulting from improper installation or from installation of a unit in a harsh and/or hazardous environment. and Specifications.................2 f) Damage or loss resulting from acts of animals such as mice and insects. -
Behavioral Economics and the Design of a Dual-Flush Toilet TN 71105 2 JUN 03 2013
California Energy Commission DOCKETED 12-AAER-2C 1 Behavioral Economics and the Design of a Dual-Flush Toilet TN 71105 2 JUN 03 2013 3 Jade S. Arocha 4 10305 Dover Street #713 5 Westminster, CO 80021, U.S.A. 6 [email protected] 7 970 310-1738 8 and 9 Laura M. J. McCann 10 Dept. of and Applied Agricultural Economics 11 212 Mumford Hall 12 University of Missouri 13 Columbia, MO 65203, U.S.A. 14 [email protected] 15 573 882-1304 16 17 Initial submission May 18, 2012 18 Revised submission, October 15, 2012 19 20 21 22 23 1 24 Abstract 25 Dual-flush toilets, which use a high-volume flush for solid waste and a lower-volume flush for 26 liquid waste, can reduce water consumption. Behavioral economics was used to analyze the 27 design of the dual flush mechanism of the Sloan Uppercut® toilet. The default option, pushing the 28 handle down, results in a large flush. Because Americans have been ―conditioned‖ to push the 29 toilet handle down, it was expected that most users would push the handle down out of habit. A 30 field experiment measuring up versus down flushes in eight women‘s toilets in a municipal 31 building confirmed expectations. While Sloan predicted a 2:1 urination-to-defecation ratio, the 32 observed ratio during the control period was 1:4, i.e. the ratio was the opposite of what would 33 occur if people used the toilets correctly. Adding signage to each stall only increased the ratio to 34 2:5, emphasizing the importance of the default. -
The Provision of Public Toilets
House of Commons Communities and Local Government The Provision of Public Toilets Twelfth Report of Session 2007–08 Report, together with formal minutes, oral and written evidence Ordered by The House of Commons to be printed 6 October 2008 HC 636 Published on 22 October 2008 by authority of the House of Commons London: The Stationery Office Limited £0.00 Communities and Local Government Committee The Communities and Local Government Committee is appointed by the House of Commons to examine the expenditure, administration, and policy of the Department for Communities and Local Government and its associated bodies. Current membership Dr Phyllis Starkey MP (Labour, Milton Keynes South West) (Chair) Sir Paul Beresford MP (Conservative, Mole Valley) Mr Clive Betts MP (Labour, Sheffield Attercliffe) John Cummings MP (Labour, Easington) Jim Dobbin MP (Labour Co-op, Heywood and Middleton) Andrew George MP (Liberal Democrat, St Ives) Mr Greg Hands MP (Conservative, Hammersmith and Fulham) Anne Main MP (Conservative, St Albans) Mr Bill Olner MP (Labour, Nuneaton) Dr John Pugh MP (Liberal Democrat, Southport) Emily Thornberry MP (Labour, Islington South and Finsbury) Powers The Committee is one of the departmental select committees, the powers of which are set out in House of Commons Standing Orders, principally in SO No 152. These are available on the Internet via www.parliament.uk. Publications The Reports and evidence of the Committee are published by The Stationery Office by Order of the House. All publications of the Committee (including press notices) are on the Internet at www.parliament.uk/clgcom Committee staff The current staff of the Committee are Huw Yardley (Clerk of the Committee), David Weir (Second Clerk), Andrew Griffiths (Second Clerk), Sara Turnbull (Inquiry Manager), Josephine Willows (Inquiry Manager), Clare Genis (Committee Assistant), Gabrielle Henderson (Senior Office Clerk), Nicola McCoy (Secretary) and Laura Kibby (Select Committee Media Officer).