DOCSLIB.ORG

Master's Thesis

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Master's Thesis MASTER'S THESIS Alkaline Sulphide Leaching of Lead Oxide Slag and Purification of the Pregnant Solution for Antimony Recovery Alphonce Wendelin Wikedzi Master of Science Chemical Engineering Luleå University of Technology Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering Alkaline sulphide leaching of lead oxide slag and purification of the pregnant solution for antimony recovery Wikedzi Alphonce Wendelin Luleå University of Technology Master Thesis, Continuation Courses Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering Division of Sustainable Process Engineering i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am highly indebted to all who have contributed in one way or another towards the successful completion of this study. I would like therefore to express my sincere thanks to my supervisors; Professor Åke Sandström and Mr. Samuel Ayowole Awe for their guidance and support during the whole period of my thesis work. Moreover, special thanks goes to Birgitta Nyberg for her kindness and support during my laboratory work. I would like also to appreciate Ulf Nordström for his assistance on particle size analysis of the material. The comments given by Dr. Caisa Samuelsson on the report are highly appreciated. Furthermore, I would like to thank all staff in the Division of Sustainable Process Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, for their assistance and support. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Boliden Mineral AB-Rönnskär smelter plant and Luleå University of Technology for the opportunity as well as the financial support in this study. I am also highly indebted to the University of Dar es Salaam (Tanzania) for the financial support during the 2 years of my studies at Luleå University of Technology. My extended appreciation goes to my friends and colleagues namely; Mussa Daniel, Lucas Daudi, Abubakary Salama, Gregory Makusa, Rashid Mkemai, Abdul-Rahaman Mwanga, Eddy Ntunga and, Senzia Warema for their company and support. More special thanks goes to my family. Their encouragement and support has made it possible. Finally, but not least, I am grateful to my fiancee Rosemary Giteta for her understanding, patience and courage during the whole period of my studies. Alphonce Wendelin Wikedzi August 2011, Luleå, Sweden ii TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................................................................... iii ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................................ v 1.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Statement of the problem .................................................................................................. 2 1.3 Objectives ......................................................................................................................... 4 1.4 Scope of the work ............................................................................................................. 4 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................................... 4 2.1 Antimony and arsenic as impurity elements in nonferrous metallurgy ............................ 4 2.1.1 Antimony ................................................................................................................................ 4 2.1.2 Arsenic .................................................................................................................................... 8 2.2 Nonferrous smelting ....................................................................................................... 10 2.2.1 Speiss phase formation ......................................................................................................... 10 2.2.2 Liquid phase separation during nonferrous smelting ........................................................... 11 2.3 Arsenic and antimony hydrometallurgy ......................................................................... 12 2.4 Solution purification techniques ..................................................................................... 16 2.4.1 Chemical precipitation methods ........................................................................................... 16 2.4.1.1 Hydrolysis precipitation ................................................................................................ 17 2.4.1.2 Ionic precipitation .......................................................................................................... 17 2.4.1.3 Precipitation by reduction .............................................................................................. 17 2.4.1.4 Precipitation by substitution .......................................................................................... 18 2.4.1.5 Kinetics of precipitation processes ................................................................................ 18 2.4.1.6 The role of complexing ions, reducing and oxidizing agents on precipitation .............. 19 2.4.2 Crystallization methods ........................................................................................................ 19 2.4.2.1 Crystallization principles and techniques ...................................................................... 19 2.4.2.2 Factors affecting solubility ............................................................................................ 22 2.4.2.3 Crystallization kinetics .................................................................................................. 22 2.4.2.4 Crystallization rate......................................................................................................... 24 2.5 Antimony removal from aqueous solutions .................................................................... 25 2.5.1 Precipitation methods ........................................................................................................... 25 iii 2.5.2 Crystallization methods ........................................................................................................ 26 3.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS ............................................................................................ 28 3.1 Materials .................................................................................................................... 28 3.2 Methods ..................................................................................................................... 28 3.3.1 Particle size analysis ............................................................................................................ 28 3.2.2 Mineralogical characterization ...................................................................................... 29 3.2.3 Leaching experiments .................................................................................................... 29 3.2.3.1 Preliminary leaching tests .......................................................................................... 30 3.2.3.2 Actual leaching tests .................................................................................................. 31 3.2.4 Solution purification methods ................................................................................ 32 3.2.4.1 Precipitation of antimony by H2O2 oxidation in the presence of catalysts ............. 32 3.2.4.2 Precipitation of antimony by elemental sulphur addition . ....................................... 33 3.2.4.3 Crystallization of antimony from aqueous solution .................................................. 34 4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION .............................................................................................. 35 4.1 Particle size distribution ............................................................................................ 35 4.2 Mineralogical composition ........................................................................................ 35 4.3 Leaching .................................................................................................................... 38 4.3.1 Preliminary leaching results ................................................................................................. 38 4.3.2 Actual leaching results ......................................................................................................... 40 4.3. 3 Leaching kinetics ................................................................................................................. 42 4.4 Antimony precipitation by H2O2 in the presence of catalytic agents ....................... 43 4.5 Antimony precipitation by So addition ...................................................................... 48 4.6 Antimony crystallization from aqueous alkaline solution ......................................... 49 5.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................ 51 5.1 Conclusions ............................................................................................................... 51 5.2 Recommendations ..................................................................................................... 52 REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mineral Processing
    Mineral Processing Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy 1st English edition JAN DRZYMALA, C. Eng., Ph.D., D.Sc. Member of the Polish Mineral Processing Society Wroclaw University of Technology 2007 Translation: J. Drzymala, A. Swatek Reviewer: A. Luszczkiewicz Published as supplied by the author ©Copyright by Jan Drzymala, Wroclaw 2007 Computer typesetting: Danuta Szyszka Cover design: Danuta Szyszka Cover photo: Sebastian Bożek Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27 50-370 Wroclaw Any part of this publication can be used in any form by any means provided that the usage is acknowledged by the citation: Drzymala, J., Mineral Processing, Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy, Oficyna Wydawnicza PWr., 2007, www.ig.pwr.wroc.pl/minproc ISBN 978-83-7493-362-9 Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................9 Part I Introduction to mineral processing .....................................................................13 1. From the Big Bang to mineral processing................................................................14 1.1. The formation of matter ...................................................................................14 1.2. Elementary particles.........................................................................................16 1.3. Molecules .........................................................................................................18 1.4. Solids................................................................................................................19
    [Show full text]
  • H20 , a New Mineral from Pereta, Tuscany, Italy, and Two Other Localities
    Coquandite, Sb608(SO4).H20 , a new mineral from Pereta, Tuscany, Italy, and two other localities C. SABELL1 CNR--Centro di studio per la Mincralogia e la Geochimica dei sedimenti, Via La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy P. ORLANDI Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Universitfi di Pisa, Via S. Maria 53, 56100 Pisa, Italy AND G. VEZZAL1NI Istituto di Mineralogia e Petrologia, Universit~ di Modena, Via S. Eufemia 19, 41100 Modena, Italy Abstract Coaquandite, a new antimony oxy-sulphate hydrate, occurs as spheroidal knobs of silky fibres or, rarely, as tiny transparent colourless lamellar crystals on stibnite at the Pereta mine, Tuscany, Italy; it is associated with klebelsbergite, peretaite, valentinite, sulfur, gypsum, stibiconite, and senarmontite. Coquandite is triclinic P1,.... with a 11.434(7), b 29.77(4), c 11.314(4) A,~ ~ 91.07(7) o , 13 119.24(3) ~ y 92.82(1) o . It has a cell volume of 3352(5)A~ 3 with Z = 12 and a calculated density of 5.78 gcm --J . The crystals, elongated along [001] and flattened on {010}, display polysynthetic twinning with (010) as the twin plane. Optically, they are biaxial (+) with z ~ c, 2V >> 60 ~ n = 2.08(5). The strongest lines of the X-ray powder pattern are [d in A, (I), (hkl)] 14.84(50)(020), 9.27(41)(111, 110), 6.81(67)130, 3.304(93)(090), 3.092(100)(330). Coquandite has also been found at the Cetine mine, Tuscany, Italy, and at the Lucky Knock mine, Tonasket, Okanogan County, Washington, USA. 22 microprobe chemical analyses (elemental microanalysis for H) gave Sb203 88.91, SO3 8.35, CaO 0.04, Na20 0.03, H20 1.43, total 98.76 wt.%, corresponding to the empirical formula (Sb + S = 7) Sbs.98Ca0.01Nao.0107.96(SO4)~.02.0"78H20, and to the idealised formula Sb608(SO4).H20.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download
    338 Geologica Macedonica, Vol. 32, No. 2, pp. 95–117 (2018) GEOME 2 IISSN 0352 – 1206 Manuscript received: August 5, 2018 e-ISSN 1857 – 8586 Accepted: November 7, 2018 UDC: 553.46:550.43.08]:504(497.721) 553.497:550.43.08]:504(497.721) Original scientific paper SUPERGENE MINERALOGY OF THE LOJANE Sb-As-Cr DEPOSIT, REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA: TRACING THE MOBILIZATION OF TOXIC METALS Uwe Kolitsch1,2, Tamara Đorđević2, Goran Tasev3, Todor Serafimovski3, Ivan Boev3, Blažo Boev3 1Mineralogisch-Petrographische Abt., Naturhistorisches Museum, Burgring 7, A-1010 Wien, Austria 2Institut für Mineralogie und Kristallographie, Universität Wien, Althanstr. 14, A-1090 Wien, Austria 3Department of Mineral Deposits, Faculty of Natural and Technical Sciences, “Goce Delčev” University in Štip, Blvd. Goce Delčev 89, 2000 Štip, Republic of Macedonia [email protected] A b s t r a c t: As part of a larger project on the environmental mineralogy and geochemistry of the Lojane Sb- As-Cr deposit, Republic of Macedonia, which was mined for chromite and, later, stibnite until 1979 and is a substantial source of arsenic and antimony pollution, the supergene mineralogy of the deposit was studied. Samples collected on ore and waste dumps were used to identify and characterize the previously uninvestigated suite of supergene mineral phases by standard mineralogical techniques. The following species were determined (in alphabetical order): annaber- gite, arseniosiderite(?), gypsum, hexahydrite, hörnesite, pararealgar, roméite-group minerals, rozenite, scorodite, sen- armontite, stibiconite, sulphur, tripuhyite and valentinite. Their occurrences are described and their local conditions of formation are discussed. High-resolution Raman spectra of hörnesite, hexahydrite and rozenite are provided and com- pared with literature data.
    [Show full text]
  • New Mineral Names*
    American Mineralogist, Volume 66, pages 1274-1280, 1981 NEW MINERAL NAMES* MICHAEL FLEISCHER AND LOUIS J. CABRI Cyanophillite* ar~ 3.350(50)(110), 3.:208(50)(020), 3.080 (80)(111), 2.781(100) (221,111), 2.750(70)(112), 1.721 (60). Kurt Walenta (1981) Cyanophillite, a new mineral from the Clara ~olor1ess to white, luster vitreous. Cleavages {010}, {OOI}, Mine, near Oberwolfach, Central Black Forest. Chem. der {OIl} good, not easily observed. Hardness about 5. Optically Erde, 40, 195-200 (in German). biaxial positive, ns ex= 1.713, /3 = 1.730, )' = 1.748, 2V +88° (89° Analyses gave CuO 36.3, 32.5; Ah03 8.5, -; Sb203 36.5, 38.3; calc.). Material with Zn:Mg = 1:1 is biaxial, neg., ns. ex= 1.689, H20 19.8; sum 101.1%, corresponding to 10CuO . 2Ah03 . 3Sb2 /3 = 1.707, )' = 1.727, 2V ~ 85°. 03 . 25H20. The mineral is dissolved readily by cold 1:1 HCI, The mineral occurs as coatings and small crystals, largest partly dissolved by 1: 1 HN03. Loss of weight when heated (%) dimension about 1 mm; on prosperite, adamite, and austinite 110° 3.4, 150° 9.5, 200° 19.8%. At 250° the mineral is decomposed from Tsumeb, Namibia. Forms observed {010}, {001}, {Oil}, also and turns black. {IOO}very small. X-ray study shows the mineral to be orthorhombic, space The name is for Robert I. Gait, Curator of Mineralogy, Royal group Pmmb, a = 11.82, b = 10.80, c = 9.64A, Z = 1, D 3.10 Ontario Museum, Toronto. Type material is at the Royal Ontario meas., 3.12 calc.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mineralogy of the Antimony Oxides and Antimonates
    100 The mineralogy of the antimony oxides and antimonates. By BRIAN MASON, Ph.D., and CHARLES J. VITALIANO,Ph.D. Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, U.S.A. [Taken as read June 12, 1952.] Introduction URING an investigation of stibiconite and cervantite (Vitaliano D and Mason, 1952) we examined many specimens of antimony ochre. The commonest mineral in these specimens proved to be stibiconite, but others were found, and to establish their identity it became necessary to study the secondary products as a group. The mineralogy of these oxygenated secondary antimony minerals presents unusual problems on account of their earthy and often inhomogeneous nature. Our experience indicates that without X-ray powder photographs it is difficult to establish the true identity of much of this material. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of our investigations and to provide more adequate descriptions of some little-known species. We would take this opportunity of expressing our appreciation to a number of persons who aided us. Professor C. Frondel of Harvard University, Dr. G. Switzer of the U.S. National Museum, Professor A. Pabst of the University of California, and Dr. H. Neumann of the Mineralogisk Museum in Oslo, made available material from the collec- tions under their care. Dr. D. E. White of the U.S. Geological Survey provided us with a fine collection of secondary antimony minerals from Mexican deposits, which included the new mineral bystrSmite and material of the rare iron antimonate tripuhyite. Mr. Victor Barua obtained for us specimens of the Peruvian minerals coronguite and arequipite.
    [Show full text]
  • A Specific Gravity Index for Minerats
    A SPECIFICGRAVITY INDEX FOR MINERATS c. A. MURSKyI ern R. M. THOMPSON, Un'fuersityof Bri.ti,sh Col,umb,in,Voncouver, Canad,a This work was undertaken in order to provide a practical, and as far as possible,a complete list of specific gravities of minerals. An accurate speciflc cravity determination can usually be made quickly and this information when combined with other physical properties commonly leads to rapid mineral identification. Early complete but now outdated specific gravity lists are those of Miers given in his mineralogy textbook (1902),and Spencer(M,i,n. Mag.,2!, pp. 382-865,I}ZZ). A more recent list by Hurlbut (Dana's Manuatr of M,i,neral,ogy,LgE2) is incomplete and others are limited to rock forming minerals,Trdger (Tabel,l,enntr-optischen Best'i,mmungd,er geste,i,nsb.ildend,en M,ineral,e, 1952) and Morey (Encycto- ped,iaof Cherni,cal,Technol,ogy, Vol. 12, 19b4). In his mineral identification tables, smith (rd,entifi,cati,onand. qual,itatioe cherai,cal,anal,ys'i,s of mineral,s,second edition, New york, 19bB) groups minerals on the basis of specificgravity but in each of the twelve groups the minerals are listed in order of decreasinghardness. The present work should not be regarded as an index of all known minerals as the specificgravities of many minerals are unknown or known only approximately and are omitted from the current list. The list, in order of increasing specific gravity, includes all minerals without regard to other physical properties or to chemical composition. The designation I or II after the name indicates that the mineral falls in the classesof minerals describedin Dana Systemof M'ineralogyEdition 7, volume I (Native elements, sulphides, oxides, etc.) or II (Halides, carbonates, etc.) (L944 and 1951).
    [Show full text]
  • Alt I5LNER&S
    4r>.'44~' ¶4,' Alt I5LNER&SI 4t *vX,it8a.rsAt s 4"5' r K4Wsx ,4 'fv, '' 54,4 'T~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~' 4>i4^ 44 4 r 44,4 >s0 s;)r i; X+9;s tSiX,.<t;.W.FE0''¾'"',f,,v-;, s sHteS<T^ 4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~'44'" 4444 ;,t,4 ~~~~~~~~~' "e'(' 4 if~~~~~~~~~~0~44'~"" , ",4' IN:A.S~~ ~ ~ C~ f'"f4444.444"Z'.4;4 4 p~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~44'1s-*o=4-4444's0zs*;.-<<<t4 4 4 A'.~~~44~~444) O 4t4t '44,~~~~~~~~~~i'$'" a k -~~~~~~44,44.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~44-444444,445.44~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.V 4X~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4'44 44 444444444.44. AQ~~ ~ ~~~~, ''4'''t :i2>#ZU '~f"44444' i~~'4~~~k AM 44 2'tC>K""9N 44444444~~~~~~~~~~~,4'4 4444~~~~IT fpw~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 'V~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Ae, ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2 '4 '~~~~~~~~~~4 40~~~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ' 4' N.~~..Fg ~ 4F.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ " ~ ~ ~ 4 ~~~ 44zl "'444~~474'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~ &~1k 't-4,~~~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ :"'".'"~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~"4 ~~ 444"~~~~~~~~~'44*#"44~~~~~~~~~~4 44~~~~~'f"~~~~~4~~~'yw~~~~4'5'# 44'7'j ~4 y~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~""'4 1L IJ;*p*44 *~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~44~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 q A ~~~~~ 4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~W~~k* A SYSTEMATIC CLASSIFICATION OF NONSILICATE MINERALS JAMES A. FERRAIOLO Department of Mineral Sciences American Museum of Natural History BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOLUME 172: ARTICLE 1 NEW YORK: 1982 BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Volume 172, article l, pages 1-237,
    [Show full text]
  • Shin-Skinner January 2018 Edition
    Page 1 The Shin-Skinner News Vol 57, No 1; January 2018 Che-Hanna Rock & Mineral Club, Inc. P.O. Box 142, Sayre PA 18840-0142 PURPOSE: The club was organized in 1962 in Sayre, PA OFFICERS to assemble for the purpose of studying and collecting rock, President: Bob McGuire [email protected] mineral, fossil, and shell specimens, and to develop skills in Vice-Pres: Ted Rieth [email protected] the lapidary arts. We are members of the Eastern Acting Secretary: JoAnn McGuire [email protected] Federation of Mineralogical & Lapidary Societies (EFMLS) Treasurer & member chair: Trish Benish and the American Federation of Mineralogical Societies [email protected] (AFMS). Immed. Past Pres. Inga Wells [email protected] DUES are payable to the treasurer BY January 1st of each year. After that date membership will be terminated. Make BOARD meetings are held at 6PM on odd-numbered checks payable to Che-Hanna Rock & Mineral Club, Inc. as months unless special meetings are called by the follows: $12.00 for Family; $8.00 for Subscribing Patron; president. $8.00 for Individual and Junior members (under age 17) not BOARD MEMBERS: covered by a family membership. Bruce Benish, Jeff Benish, Mary Walter MEETINGS are held at the Sayre High School (on Lockhart APPOINTED Street) at 7:00 PM in the cafeteria, the 2nd Wednesday Programs: Ted Rieth [email protected] each month, except JUNE, JULY, AUGUST, and Publicity: Hazel Remaley 570-888-7544 DECEMBER. Those meetings and events (and any [email protected] changes) will be announced in this newsletter, with location Editor: David Dick and schedule, as well as on our website [email protected] chehannarocks.com.
    [Show full text]
  • Valentinite and Colloform Sphalerite in Epithermal Deposits from Baia Mare Area, Eastern Carpathians
    minerals Article Valentinite and Colloform Sphalerite in Epithermal Deposits from Baia Mare Area, Eastern Carpathians Gheorghe Damian 1,2, Andrei Buzatu 2, Ionut Andrei Apopei 2,* , Zsolt László Szakács 1 , 1,3 1 2 Ioan Denut, , Gheorghe Iepure and Daniel Bârgăoanu 1 North University Centre of Baia Mare, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 430083 Baia Mare, Romania; [email protected] (G.D.); [email protected] (Z.L.S.); [email protected] (I.D.); [email protected] (G.I.) 2 Department of Geology, Faculty of Geography and Geology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Ias, i, 700505 Ias, i, Romania; [email protected] (A.B.); [email protected] (D.B.) 3 County Museum of Mineralogy, “Victor Gorduza”, 430212 Baia Mare, Romania * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 9 December 2019; Accepted: 26 January 2020; Published: 30 January 2020 Abstract: Valentinite forms through the alteration of stibnite in sulphide deposits. Colloform sphalerite is a widespread mineral in low-temperature deposits, particularly those of the Mississippi-Valley type. We identified valentinite and colloform sphalerite in hydrothermal deposits occurring in the Baia Mare area. The Baia Mare metallogenic district of Neogene age occurs in the northwestern part of the Neogene volcanic chain within the Eastern Carpathians. The Neogene volcanism from Baia Mare area is related to the subduction processes of the East European plate under two microplates, Alcapa and Tisza-Dacia/Tisia, in the post-collisional compressive phase. We have identified valentinite in the Dealul Crucii and Baia Sprie deposits, associated with other epithermal minerals, in the absence of the stibnite. Valentinite is deposited in the final phase of the epithermal process after calcite and manganese-bearing calcite.
    [Show full text]
  • Weathering of Sb-Rich Mining and Smelting Residues: Insight in Solid Speciation
    G Model CHEMER-25212; No. of Pages 11 ARTICLE IN PRESS Chemie der Erde xxx (2012) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Chemie der Erde j ournal homepage: www.elsevier.de/chemer Weathering of Sb-rich mining and smelting residues: Insight in solid speciation and soil bacteria toxicity a,∗ a a a Alexandra Courtin-Nomade , Ony Rakotoarisoa , Hubert Bril , Malgorzata Grybos , b c d Lionel Forestier , Frédéric Foucher , Martin Kunz a Université de Limoges, GRESE, E.A. 4330, IFR 145 GEIST, F.S.T., 123 Avenue A. Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France b Université de Limoges, UGMA, UMR 1061, IFR 145 GEIST, F.S.T., 123 Avenue A. Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France c Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS-OSUC, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans, France d Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Tailings and slag residues from the most important antimony mine of the French Massif Central were Received 14 December 2011 analysed for their mineralogical and chemical contents by conventional X-ray powder diffraction and Accepted 19 February 2012 ␮ synchrotron-based X-ray microdiffraction ( -XRD). Results show that ∼2000 metric tons of Sb are still present at the abandoned mining site. Mean concentrations of Sb in slags and tailings are 1700 and Keywords: −1 −1 ∼ 5000 mg kg , respectively. In addition, smaller quantities of As were also measured ( 800 mg kg in Mine tailings tailings). Toxicity tests of As and Sb indicate that the growth of bacteria is severely affected at these Slags concentrations.
    [Show full text]
  • Speciation of Antimony in Ancient Tile Glazes: a Xafs Study
    SPECIATION OF ANTIMONY IN ANCIENT TILE GLAZES: A XAFS STUDY M.O. FIGUEIREDO1,2 , T. P. SILVA1,2 , J.P. VEIGA2,1 , J.P. MIRÃO3 & S. PASCARELLI 4 IICT 1 Crystallography & Mineralogy Centre, IICT, Alameda D. Afonso Henriques 41-4º, PT-1000-123 Lisbon 2 CENIMAT, Dept. Mater. Sci., New Univ. of Lisbon, PT-2829-516 Caparica 3 Geophysics Centre, Univ. of Évora, Aptº 94, PT-7002-554 Évora 4 ESRF, B.P. 220, FR-38043 Grenoble Introduction AM 12 Fundamentals The study of ancient decorative building materials with cultural value is a The electron configuration of Sb − [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p3 − favours formal challenge to material scientists once it is usually necessary to apply only valences (3+) & (5+). The energy of K-absorption edge (ideally 30491 eV) non-destructive techniques. Glazed tiles – azulejos, from the original Arab will then display shifts depending on the valence state(s) present in the designation – have been used throughout the last five centuries in Portugal absorbing material. AM 13 as decorative panels in the interior of private and public buildings. The lone pair of electrons 5s2 – strongly localized in SbIII – favours an To recover such artistic tile panels for exposure in a museum, not seldom asymmetric environment and unilateral positioning of ligands in Sb2O3 the tile glaze has to be restored – a task requiring a concise knowledge of oxides. Simultaneously, the energy perturbation of 4d10 electrons due materials and colorants used at the time and place of tile production, so that to chemical bonding in SbV is expected to induce intensity variations only conformable new products are employed in tile restoration.
    [Show full text]
  • Radioactive Waste Management Practices and Issues in Developing
    IAEA-TECDOC-851 Radioactive waste management practices issuesand in developing countries Proceedings seminara of held Beijing,in China, 10-14 October 1994 INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY The originating Section of this publication in the IAEA was: Waste Management Section International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramerstrasse5 0 10 x P.OBo . A-1400 Vienna, Austria RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND ISSUES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES IAEA, VIENNA, 1995 IAEA-TECDOC-851 ISSN 1011-4289 © IAEA, 1995 Printe IAEe th AustriAn y i d b a December 1995 FOREWORD Radioactive wast generates ei d fro productioe mth nucleaf no r energe frous d e yan m th of radioactive materials in industrial applications, research and medicine. The importance of safe managemen radioactivf to e protectio e wastth r efo humaf no nenvironmene healtth d han t has long been recognized and considerable experience has been gained in this field. The managemen radioactivf o t e wast internationas eha l applications with regar dischargeo dt f so radioactive effluents into the environment and in particular to final disposal of waste. The need for the prevention of environmental contamination and the isolation of some radionuclides, especially long-lived radionuclides longer fo , r period f timso e than national boundaries have remained paststable th ,n ei requir e waste management methods basen do internationally agreed criteri d standardsan a e IAETh .s Aactivi i this h e sha ared an a introduce a RADWASd S (RADioactive WAste Safety Standards) programme aimint a g establishin promotingd an g a coheren n i , comprehensivd an t e manner e basith , c safety philosophy for radioactive waste management and the steps necessary to ensure its implementation in all Member States.
    [Show full text]