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Radioactive Waste Management Practices and Issues in Developing IAEA-TECDOC-851 Radioactive waste management practices issuesand in developing countries Proceedings seminara of held Beijing,in China, 10-14 October 1994 INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY The originating Section of this publication in the IAEA was: Waste Management Section International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramerstrasse5 0 10 x P.OBo . A-1400 Vienna, Austria RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND ISSUES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES IAEA, VIENNA, 1995 IAEA-TECDOC-851 ISSN 1011-4289 © IAEA, 1995 Printe IAEe th AustriAn y i d b a December 1995 FOREWORD Radioactive wast generates ei d fro productioe mth nucleaf no r energe frous d e yan m th of radioactive materials in industrial applications, research and medicine. The importance of safe managemen radioactivf to e protectio e wastth r efo humaf no nenvironmene healtth d han t has long been recognized and considerable experience has been gained in this field. The managemen radioactivf o t e wast internationas eha l applications with regar dischargeo dt f so radioactive effluents into the environment and in particular to final disposal of waste. The need for the prevention of environmental contamination and the isolation of some radionuclides, especially long-lived radionuclides longer fo , r period f timso e than national boundaries have remained paststable th ,n ei requir e waste management methods basen do internationally agreed criteri d standardsan a e IAETh .s Aactivi i this h e sha ared an a introduce a RADWASd S (RADioactive WAste Safety Standards) programme aimint a g establishin promotingd an g a coheren n i , comprehensivd an t e manner e basith , c safety philosophy for radioactive waste management and the steps necessary to ensure its implementation in all Member States. While this programme is developing and various related Safety Series publication becomine ar s g available s importani t i , comparo t t e eth existing national waste management regulations, organization, technologies and methods with internationally accepted requirements and practices. In response to the growing interest in this area, the IAEA, hi co-operation with the Government of the People's Republic of China, held a Seminar on Radioactive Waste Management Practice Issued san Developinn si g Countrie Beijint sa Octobe4 1 g o frot 0 rm1 1994. It provided technical experts, mostly from developing countries of different regions, involve managemenn di f radioactivo t e wast opportunitn ea f exchanginyo g information no their regulating and operating experience and discussing the spécifie problems in every country as well as common problems which developing countries are facing in this field. Participation of developed countries which are main suppliers of waste processing equipment allowed the mlearo t n abou reae th t l technology transfer need developinf so g countriese Th . Seminar also benefited both developing countries and the IAEA through the identification of important component nationaa f so l waste management infrastructur introducee b o et r do improved. Seminae Th attendes rwa mory db e thaspecialist0 n10 s fro countrie3 m3 included san d scientifi0 4 c presentations t provideI . exchange foruda th r mfo f informatioeo wasta n no e management policy, waste management strategies, a legal framework, the responsibilities of regulatory authorities and central operating organizations, waste processing, storage and disposal technique safetd performancd san yan e assessments. Emphasis was placed on the management of low and intermediate level waste arising from applications of radioisotopes hi medicine, research and industry and from nuclear power generation. e SeminaTh r organizers offere technicaa d l tou f wasto r e management facilitied an s laboratorie Chine th i sah Institut Atomif eo c Energy (CIAE) includin gventilatioa n facility, levew alo l liquid waste treatment facility, waste polymerization equipment Seminae , etcTh . r was conclude a pane y b dl discussio e technicalth n o n , economic, environmentad an l institutional considerations in the establishment of a national waste management programme. It is hoped that these Proceedings will constitute an important source of information to a wide community of scientists, engineers, regulators and decision makers dealing with the management of low and intermediate level waste. EDITORIAL NOTE In preparing Ms publication for press, staff of the IAEA have made up the pages from the original manuscripts submittedas authors.the viewsby The expressed necessarilynot do reflect those governmentsofthe nominating ofthe Member States nominating ofthe or organizations. Throughout the text names of Member States are retained as they were when the text was compiled. Theof use particular designations countriesof territoriesor does imply judgementnot any by the publisher, the IAEA, as to the legal status of such countries or territories, of their authorities and institutions or of the delimitation of their boundaries. The mention of names of specific companies productsor (whether indicatednot or registered)as does implyintentionnot any infringeto proprietary rights, should construednor be it an as endorsement or recommendation on the pan of the IAEA. The authors responsibleare havingfor obtained necessarythe permission IAEAthe to for reproduce, translate or use material from sources already protected by copyrights. PLEASE BE AWARE THAT MISSINE TH AL F LO G PAGE THIN SI S DOCUMENT WERE ORIGINALLY BLANK CONTENTS SUMMARY OF THE SEMINAR ...................................... 9 OPENING REMARKS B. Semenov ................................................... 13 Li Dingfan .................................................... 14 Xi Zhenhua ..................................................6 1 . NATIONAL WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAMMES Radioactive waste management challenge developinn si g countries ..............1 2 . ScareD. Radioactive waste managemen Albanin i t a ...............................9 2 . K. Dollani Waste management practices and issues in developing countries - the case of Croatia . 35 Subasic,D. S.K. Dragicevic Radioactive waste management in Cuba. Results and perspectives ................ 43 LA. Java Sed, LM. Pumarejo, H.D Nieves, N.G. Leyva Status of radioactive waste treatment and disposal in China ................... 51 Luo Shanggeng, Li Xuequn The national waste management system in Egypt ........................... 59 S. Marei, KA. El-Adham Development of a national waste management infrastructure in Ghana ........... 67 KO. Darko, C. Schandorf Radioactive waste management in Kenya: Presently and the near future ........... 75 Otwoma,D. S.N. Kyoto, OnyangoSA. The Guatemalan programme of radioactive waste management ................. 81 S.R.R. Jiménez, P.O. Ordonez National programme, legal framework and experience with the management of radioactive waste in the Slovak Republic ............................. 89 KonecnyL. The existing situation wit radioactive hth e waste managemen Syrin i t a ...........9 9 . S. Takriti Statu radioactivf so e waste managemen Zambin i t a ........................3 10 . K. Mwale Swedish waste management programme ...............................5 10 . P.-E. Ahlström Management of radioactive waste in Israel ..............................117 Brenner,S. Ne'eman,E. Shabtai,B. Garty,E. ButenkoV. STRATEG POLICD YAN Y National polic experiencd yan e wit managemene hth f radioactivo t e wastes from non-fuel cycle activities in the Czech Republic ......................... 125 J. Holub, JanûM. Radioactive waste managemen t implementatios policit d yan Indonesin ni a ......3 13 . S.Yatim The fundamentals of the Russian Federation national policy in the non-nuclear fuel cycle radioactive waste management ............................9 13 . E. Latypov, V.A. Rikunov The Hungarian radioactive waste management project and its regulatory aspects ... 143 I. Czoch Strategy for waste management in Argentina ............................. 149 J. Pahissa Campa Natural decay and half-life: Two bases for the radioactive waste management policy . 155 J-C. Femique WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES Waste managemen Nucleae th t a t r Technology Centre (CDTN) ..............3 16 . S.T.W.Miaw Managemen f non-fueo t l cycle radioactive wast Romanin ei a ................1 17 . TurcanuC. Radioactive waste management at the Dalat Nuclear Research Institute .......... 175 Nguen Thi Nang Experiences in the management of radioactive wastes in Bangladesh ............. 181 MM. Rohm an WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS AND PRACTICES f chemicao e Us l precipitation processe liquir sfo d radioactive waste treatment ....9 .18 V. Zabrodsky, N.E. Prvkshin, A.S. Glushko Environmental impact assessment of operational practices for processing low level liquid waste Thailann si d ....................................5 19 . Yamkate,P. Sinakhom,F. SupaokitP. Treatment proces facilitied san urbar fo s n radioactive wastes ................1 20 . Y. Zhang, Z. Chen, J. Dca A filter stud radioactivr yfo e liquid waste treatment .......................7 20 . Yucca,Ye Tianbao,u W Xin Guo Volume reduction of synthetic radioactive waste by the thermopress ............ 213 P. Van der Heyden, P. Debieve WASTE CONDITIONING Radioactive waste-mortar mixture form characterization due to its physico-chemical and mechanical properties obtaine acceleraten a n di non-accelerated dan d leaching processes .............................................. 223 A. Peric, I. Plecas, R. Pavlovic, S. Pavlovic Using bitumen solidificatio ILLr fo n WLLL& W .........................9 22 . Zhang Weizheng, TingjunLi
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