Design Yearbook 2009 2009 a Glimpse Into Arup’S Creative World

A glimpse into Arup’s creative world

Design Yearbook 2009 2009 A glimpse into Arup’s creative world

www.arup.com

Our design ideas push all kinds of Our design ideas push boundaries. But in the end, our clients the value of those ideas measure they only by the positive difference make to their businesses and to the communities they work in. This edition gives you a taste of the of the Yearbook design richness and diversity of Arup’s and how it helped work in the last year, our clients to succeed and to connect world.changing rapidly a in communities the built across responsibly Working a better we help to create environment, place in which we all can live. Design is more than simply the the than simply Design is more creation of a project. Design is an Design is an of a project. creation active, evolving, and increasingly than And more inclusive process. carries with the design process ever, Good design has it a responsibility. the power to transform an idea into something useful. Yearbook takes Our fifth Design creative another glimpse into Arup’s design is responsible world, where at the core of what we do. We work that our creativity, to ensure hard innovation and technical excellence to the marketplace, to its relevant are social and economic physical, current context, and to the future. Foreword n

6060 26 A truly coordinated approach A truly coordinated to developHelping Queensland to infrastructure a new approach management. programme Second life thatAn oil drilling platform can be reused. Darwin In the footsteps of A new plant science laboratory for prized plant collection. Darwin’s An exhibit in its own right The new California Academy of Sciences is a living museum. the mould Breaking building A daring new research structures’ shows that ‘acrobatic in a seismic area. possible are planning Precision A template design provides expansion for cost-effective Californian hospital group. 28 30 32 33 36 38

46 gold rating. ® A green prototype A green carbon house is a A zero living green for prototype in the UK. community Green UK community set to New can be show that green profitable. Carbon emission made easy reductions to how on advice Practical emissions. carbon reduce Decoding carbon emissions A new statistical tool helps policymakers to reduce carbon emissions. Going for gold Mega development first ever Seoul’s awarded LEED 22 23 24 26

4343 40 33 An interactive classroom An interactive classroom session highlights global water sustainability issues. Bringing water into the classroom Study reveals the effect of of the effect Study reveals monsoon rain on Singapore’s outdoor trade. Driving rain Natural ventilation in an urban environment. A building that breathes Understanding a library’s Understanding a library’s Wi-Fi service helps shape strategy. its future Making the invisible visible Making the invisible Planning a new bulk water Planning a new bulk supply for Queensland. An eye to the future An eye to the future Minimum risk: maximum value Minimum risk: maximum Maximising value for nuclear site asset disposal. session highlights global water sustainability issues.

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In safe hands intake A new reservoir tunnel secures Las Vegas’ water supply. of the light Trick Athens’ new museum showcases the Parthenon’s splendours. thinking A triumph of green latest buildingYale’s in sets new standards sustainable design. Opportunity out of tragedy After the earthquake: plans for reconstruction Dujiangyan City. Leave no trace An elevated walkway gives access to the Mamu Rainforest. Arup Design Yearbook 2009 Contents

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30 Peak performance Delivering financial and performance improvements for organisations. Sustainable planning in wetlands Sensitive development central Florida preserves wetlands. Designed for earthquakes Istanbul in terminal airport New largest seismically- is world’s isolated structure. Going underground underground kilometre 26 new A rail line links Hong Kong and mainland China. 64

66 68 70 505050 Simple complexity Building the 2008 Serpentine Gallery Summer Pavilion. Feast for the senses hall for A world class recital music lovers. Melbourne’s vision A coherent to new approach A creative inner city development in the Gulf region. Schools for all seasons Three schools are an integral part of their communities. All wrapped up A cocoon-shaped landmark colleges. Tokyo for three The missing link A new canal link regenerates of Liverpool. the boroughs 54 52 54 56 58 60 62

A proposed development development A proposed Napa in the water-sensitive lightly. treads Valley A playful crossing A new footbridge in Portugal is full of surprises. Every drop counts Every drop An integrated water An integrated water catchment model aids decision-making for planners. Averting flood risk Averting Managed flow management A freeway system helps keep traffic moving. Melbourne’s an iconic footbridge. Minimising vibration on on Minimising vibration Forecasting footfalls Forecasting

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Better than new Refurbishment of a heritage-listed office building in Sydney. Reaching out to Africa critical issues of Addressing sanitation, healthcare water, and education in Africa. Down to earth Ancient building materials newest shine in Australia’s winery. delight A winemaker’s design A Spanish winery’s reflects the process taking place within. bridge gravity Zero A slender footbridge links a Chicago museum and a park.

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56 1818 Arup Design Yearbook 2009 In safe hands

A new intake tunnel for a Nevada reservoir required masterful planning

After nearly ten years of drought, n It’s May 2009, and Lake Mead is The task facing the Vegas Tunnel less than half full. With the Las Vegas Constructors, with Arup as its Lake Mead, the reservoir behind the area relying on it as its primary source designer, is to construct a shaft at Hoover Dam, is dangerously low. of water, the white mineral deposits the lakeside, bore a new tunnel under A further drop could render existing which reveal the 1983 high-water the lake and make the connection mark are a stark reminder that this between the tunnel and the water – intake tunnels inoperable. A new, metropolitan area (in the middle of the the intake structure itself. deeper intake tunnel will secure the Mojave desert) is under pressure. Nine years of drought has taken its toll, and Conceptually, the task is simple supply of water to nearly two million a further drop in water level of 30.4 enough: a shaft is sunk down into the people in the Las Vegas area. metres – since 1983 it has already volcanic rock at the lakeside. From dropped 38 metres and has been the bottom of the shaft, a tunnel dropping by up to seven metres a boring machine cuts horizontally out year – will restrict the water supply, as under the lake bed, erecting a lining the existing Intake No.1 will find itself as it goes to support the ground. above water for the first time since the The end of the tunnel is connected Hoover Dam was built in 1936. through the lake bed to an inlet and the water can start flowing. The new intake tunnel will be sited at 262 metres above sea level – In practice, though, each of the approximately 45 metres deeper stages is a challenging construction than the current deepest tunnel. project in its own right. The whole Constructing it is a huge undertaking is a project that few firms have the and involves digging of underground expertise to manage. caverns, installation of a surface pumping station and various surface pipelines to link the new intake to the existing treatment facility.

pumping station and access shafts

Saddle Island old Las Vegas 335 m etres (August 2008) wash canal The proposed intake system in cross section. intake (260 m etres)

tunnel (4.8 kilom etres)

4 Project Name Lake Mead Intake No 3 Location Las Vegas, Nevada, USA Client Vegas Tunnel Constructors Shafts and Tunnels (Impregilo/SA Healy)

1. A model of the The 182 metre deep shaft is carved Making the connection between the tunnel and intake out of the rock by blasting the hard tunnel and the water is the tricky part. system. volcanic rock with dynamite. Because Originally, the plan had been to drill into 2. Workers will groundwater seeps through the rock the lake bed from the surface within have over 120 metres of rock fissures, cement grout is pumped into a vertical pipe and to break out of the and water the fissures to fill gaps and reduce tunnel to make a connection, but the above them. the water inflows. To allow efficient sheer scale of the operation and the 3. The intake construction, the entire shaft is lined with extreme water pressure made it risky. structure provides a unreinforced concrete. A couple of ‘stub’ Instead, Arup suggested placing a docking station tunnels are needed to house drainage concrete structure – much like a socket for the tunnel equipment and Arup has designed an – onto the lake bed. This would be boring machine. underground cavern at the base of the fabricated onshore before being floated 4. A model shows the relative depth shaft, where the tunnel boring machine out and sunk into position. Once fixed in of intake no 3. (TBM) will be assembled. place, this intake structure would provide 5. White mineral a docking station for the TBM. Once the deposits reveal The TBM required for the project will connection was made, the tunnel would the 38 metre operate under high pressure – in fact, be flooded from the shore side, allowing drop in water levels since 1983. its pressure rating is the highest ever the bulkhead that separates the lake used. The tunnel must be safe for a from the tunnel to be removed. workforce with over 121 metres of rock and water above them. As it is The team used computational fluid bored, the tunnel will be lined with a dynamics to model the water flow, segmental, pre-cast concrete lining. pressure and friction losses and optimise the shape of the intake. It used advanced 3D numerical modelling to design the concrete structure itself.

5 Visitors to Athens’ New Acropolis Museum gain an entirely new perspective of the history of the Acropolis and its treasures. Engineered to make inspired use of natural light, the museum’s Parthenon Gallery shows the artefacts in conditions that mimic the original site. Trick of the light

Athens’ New Acropolis Museum showcases the Parthenon’s ancient splendours

Close up Arup’s lighting designers positioned and focused the spotlights to ensure that visitors can fully appreciate the detail of the Caryatids’ hair braiding, recently revealed by laser cleaning.

From a distance The six caryatids that held up the Caryatid Porch of the Erechtheion temple at the Acropolis are displayed so that, from certain vantage points, they appear to hold up the gallery roof. Stage lighting techniques make them stand out from their background, accentuating the effect. All images © Peter Mauss / Esto

6 Project Name New Acropolis Museum Location Athens, Greece Client Organisation for the Construction of the New Acropolis Museum/Bernard Tschumi Architects Skyl ig h ts

Ceiling-mounted spotlights Raised m etopes

1. The metopes n The capital of Greece, named columns. Each element features are raised several after Athena, the goddess of superbly sculpted relief. Together they metres above the gallery floor. wisdom, is famed for its many gifts recount the battle between the mythical to modern civilisation. Among the Centaurs, half-man and half-horse, and 2. Skylights allow natural most spectacular is the Parthenon, the legendary Lapith people of Thessaly. Screen-printed glazed façades light to graze Athena’s temple. Within the new museum’s Parthenon the sculptures, gallery, these metopes are displayed in emphasising their relief. In the New Acropolis Museum, which precisely the same spatial relationship as 3. Ceiling- opened in June 2009, Athens has, they were on the building itself. Freshly mounted at last, a museum with a purpose- cast sandstone reproductions stand in Both the metopes and the frieze show spotlights designed gallery fit to unite, protect place of the missing statues. a procession which tells a complete enhance the sculptures’ and display the Parthenon Marbles story or series of stories. Each statue beauty. alongside the rest of the site’s artefacts. The pediments are the eastern and is a masterpiece. Adopting theatrical 4. Windows are The museum received over 90,000 western ends of the Parthenon lighting principles, Arup’s lighting screen-printed visitors in its first seven days. Its temple, comprising a series of statues designers configured skylights to with graduated beautifully sculpted and arranged within allow daylight from above to graze the black dots to filter treasures could be viewed in similar light the harsh sun. and spatial relationships as would have the 3.3 metre high pedimental triangles sculptures. This adds dramatic effect been found in their original locations. located in the centre. to the otherwise flat light from the side windows, enhancing the display by day. The architectural ornamentation on Arup worked closely with Bernard the upper section of the Parthenon Tschumi Architects and local engineers As dusk falls, the lighting becomes comprises three distinct elements. ADK to realise the gallery’s five metre more theatrical. Different techniques The frieze portraying the Panathenaic high glass walls, made possible in this were used both to reveal the beauty procession is a continuous band of seismic area by base isolators, which and character of the relief surfaces of marble relief sculpture that adorned the minimised the need for heavy structure. the exhibits, and to subtly distinguish upper surrounds of the inside of the Arup’s mechanical and electrical the surviving collection from the missing Parthenon’s cella. Over 160 metres of engineers designed the ventilated pieces. The glass museum’s exterior is, the original survives. facades and displacement ventilation in effect, transformed into a giant display to protect sculptures and visitors alike case. Through the glass, passersby The metopes are the 92 marble slabs from the sun’s heat. The Parthenon can glimpse the architectural wonders that form part of the decorative band Gallery’s glass windows maintain the within. Athens has the museum it has around the top of the Parthenon’s visual connection with the Parthenon. been waiting for.

7 A triumph of green thinking

Yale’s newest building reflects a tradition of innovative thinking

Yale University’s new, cathedral-like Kroon Hall is the epitome n It costs very little to think ahead, as of green design. Built to accommodate the Yale School of Yale did when it decided a decade ago to design a carbon-neutral building. Forestry & Environmental Studies, it transforms Science Hill, an The architect and Arup set the direction industrial corner of the Yale campus. A gas-fired power plant early, making key decisions on location, orientation, shape and choosing has given way to a light and airy building, which is operationally concrete for its thermal properties long carbon neutral and whose heating and cooling systems before they got down to details. Here, design and systems work together and efficiently extract energy from groundwater. complement each other.

The form of the building itself is designed for passive, low-energy systems. It is orientated east-west along the sun’s path, with exposed thermal mass, deep-set windows and external shading to control solar gain.

8 Project Name School of Forestry & Location New Haven, Connecticut, USA Client Yale University Environmental Studies intergral solar oof mounted panels provide solar panels provide A modern twist on Yale’s 50% of hot water 38% of energy courtyard tradition Grassy enclosed courtyards are a much- loved feature of college life at Yale. natural ventilation The south courtyard at Kroon Hall is supplem ented by a external far more than an attractive place to m echanical system shading linger after lectures. Raising the ground level has lessened the intrusiveness of the neighbouring buildings and improved their view. Landscaped with native species, the courtyard’s water feature doubles as a natural reed bed filtration system for stormwater, which removes 80% of suspended solids – as required under LEED ® regulations – before the water enters underground tanks. After further treatment, the water is used for toilets and irrigation, saving around 2m litres of water each year and reducing the burden on city sewers displacem ent ventilation at a stroke. In a final twist, the south combines with exposed courtyard is also a green roof for the th ermal mass service area below, masking the waste and delivery services in this corner h eat exchangers use ground source of Science Hill. warmth of exhaust air to h eat pump

All images © Arup/Morley Von Sternberg h eat incoming fresh air system

Yale’s newest building reflects a tradition of innovative thinking

The mixed-mode system means that thermal energy is extracted and expensive green technologies would in when external conditions are suitable intensified by ground source heat fact rapidly pay for themselves through for natural ventilation, indicator lights pumps, much like a refrigerator in energy savings and might also remind occupants to open windows. reverse. Once the water has performed pre-empt future global warming its heating function (or, in summer, its legislation. There was another benefit: The building is heated and cooled by cooling function), it is returned to the although the air handlers chosen cost four geothermal wells, although same wells, circulating in a loop. twice as much as a conventional conventional utility power is on hand as system, they allowed designers to an emergency back-up. While the In winter, efficient air-handling units build a smaller basement, saving technology behind geothermal systems extract heat from exhaust air, and use around $2m. is mature, a system on this scale is it to pre-heat incoming air. In summer, unusual, not least because of the the indirect evaporative cooling system Of paramount importance was the capital investment required. Four 500 sprays water into the exhaust air, need to be consistent with the ethos metre ‘standing column’ wells were lowering its temperature. Incoming air of the School of Forestry & bored into the bedrock, where water is passed over the cool exhaust ducts, Environmental Studies itself. This was temperatures hover around 13oC. maintaining comfortable temperatures. an ethical imperative of which the Groundwater is pumped up and its Yale calculated that many seemingly team never lost sight.

9 Dujiangyan was a thriving city before the Sichuan earthquake reduced it to rubble. In the aftermath of the tragedy, Arup recognised there was an opportunity for change that could lead to a better future for the people of Dujiangyan. The reconstruction plans looked beyond the early stages of emergency response and temporary recovery to long-term socio-economic resurgence for the area. Opportunity out of tragedy

Reconstruction plans for Dujiangyan help build a better future

Arup’s strategic n Post-disaster planning differs from reconstruction process. Central to interest in tourism to bring a better decision-making ordinary masterplanning: the massive this role was coordinating with local quality of life to the region’s 200,000 framework gave the destruction imposes extreme conditions communities and ensuring that local urban residents. reconstruction and creates a lot of constraints – residents received all the assistance process both not least that severe and complex they sought; people were, after all, the In the aftermath of the earthquake, it structure and flexibility. problems need to be addressed in a central consideration for the plans. became clear that rescue efforts were relatively short space of time. being severely hampered by inadequate Prioritising the remedial work was done access to the city. As a result, an In spite of this, Arup’s reconstruction through extensive use of Geographic urban disaster evacuation system was plans recognised the importance of Information Systems (GIS), remote a key element of the conceptual city addressing not only the immediate sensing techniques and satellite images. reconstruction plan Arup proposed. needs of Dujiangyan, but also looking Areas of likely risk of earthquake, beyond these to the city’s future. To landslide, or flooding were identified and The new Dujiangyan is also built on achieve this balance it was vital that the the findings used to determine if existing sustainable principles that significantly reconstruction planning was approached infrastructure – existing towns, access improve on pre-earthquake conditions. in a holistic and integrated way. roads, and heritage sites – should be Water conservation, renewable energy relocated. The initial priority was the sources, integrated waste management As a starting point, Arup proposed a resettlement of some 170,000 residents and recycling targets have all been strategic decision-making framework in areas that were safe. addressed within the plan. that gave the reconstruction process adequate structure to enable the Following the disaster, the city has Reconstruction by the Municipal formulation of policies, but enough been rethought as a first-class tourist Government has been remarkably swift. flexibility to allow decisions to be destination, with six distinct types Residents have been moved efficiently reevaluated as new information became of tourist interest identified including into new housing, hotels and heritage available. Circumstances changed rapidly cultural and heritage, as well as spa sites have been restored, and visitor as implementation progressed, making and wellbeing opportunities. Both numbers are already at 60% of their this dynamic approach essential. nearby Qing Cheng Mountain, an pre-earthquake levels. Arup’s holistic important religious site, and the Qing package of reconstruction strategies Arup also proposed that an independent Cheng ecological reserve, home to a went far beyond what was expected authority be appointed as the key panda conservation area, attract many for a pro-bono project and is helping to entity to oversee the post-disaster visitors. The goal is to generate greater create an enhanced and safer city.

10 Project Name Dujiangyan Post-disaster Location Dujiangyan City, Client Chengdu Planning & Management Bureau, Reconstruction Conceptual Planning Sichuan Province, China Dujiangyan Municipal Government Urban disaster evacuation system A city’s evacuation strategy can vehicle access by setting buildings mean the difference between life and farther back from the street line and death when disaster strikes. The creating multiple vehicle access routes. reconstruction strategies proposed by Second, it creates open spaces linked Arup ensure that Dujiangyan City has to hazard resilient parks where people exactly this lifeline. can congregate safely. Such measures are now a routine consideration for The evacuation system has a dual town planning in China, creating a new approach. First, it ensures emergency standard for urban design.

Challenges faced and strategies proposed Geo-hazard Risk Assessment by GIS

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11 The Mamu Rainforest walkway is in a UNESCO World Heritage Fragile site in Far North Queensland, Australia. The new Canopy eco-system Walkway creates a way for visitors to experience this unique area without disturbing the fragile ecosystem. Arup needed to ensure that the design and engineering of the walkway supported the difficult construction process to such a degree that it would also leave the area undisturbed.

Steep avines

Leave no trace Difficult access

An elevated walkway gives access to the Mamu Rainforest

Challenging Vehicle access construction possible conditions Crane

Mobile cranes: limited reach and Casso wa ries lifting capacity Minimal ground Modular design Crane disturbance The 28 circular towers each follow the same design, but vary in height, and their bases follow Cyclone three standard designs. Adjacent tower tops are connected by devastation Durable materials a series of ten-metre bridges a nalysis The modular design employs also uniform in design and with lightweight but durable standard fittings. Crane materials that require minimal maintenance. Recycled This simple approach minimised plastic, Replas, has been used the chance of error during for the walkway decking, and construction in the challenging galvanised steel, for its long conditions. Four access points lifespan, for the walkways to Walkway and towers.

12 Project Name Mamu Rainforest Location Far North Queensland, Australia Client Department of Environment and Resource Canopy Walkway Management – Queensland Parks and Wildlife Main Som e of th e oldest to wer surviving rainforest in th e world The Canopy Walkway allows visitors to experience the rainforest from a unique vantage point, moving from ground-level observations to the expansiveness of being above the treetops. A 37 metre high viewing platform offers sweeping views.

To enhance the rainforest experience yet further, a cantilever tower was created with a platform which projects eight metres beyond the tower’s observation deck and hovers 16 metres above the forest floor, with the North Johnstone rapids in view.

n Cyclone Larry left behind a trail The continuing presence of a family Entry to the walkway is provided at of destruction when it hit the north of cassowaries throughout the four points from an adjacent ridge, Queensland coastal area in March construction and beyond is which allows for repairs to be made 2006, with extensive damage to testament to the fact that this to discrete sections without closing infrastructure and crops. But as has been achieved successfully. the entire tourist site. Use of standard devastating as it was, it also cleared parts and materials permits quick the way for the Mamu Rainforest Difficult access created two and efficient repair. Canopy Walkway project. constraints for the concept design: a mobile crane with limited reach The site is culturally significant. The walkway, which had been and lifting capacity had to be used Traditionally the land belonged discussed for some years, finally throughout the construction, and to the Mamu indigenous people received the necessary funding to all materials had to be transported and the development has been turn the project into a reality. As into the forest by small vehicles. carried out in close collaboration a result of the disaster, the state with their representatives. Visitors government wanted to find ways The elevated steel walkway is poised gain an insight into the Mamu culture to regenerate the area. over a steep ravine with areas of and history through a series of unstable ground. The tower bases interpretative signs located along The Mamu Rainforest is located in therefore made use of concrete piles the Walkway. the Wooroonooran National Park and ground anchors to stitch the and is home to many protected steep slope together, minimising the The Canopy Walkway brings the species. It contains some of the risk of landslides. The piles were Mamu Rainforest to life in a unique oldest surviving rainforest in the installed using a small excavator and accessible way. Visitors come world and the whole area is with an auger attachment, enabling away with an understanding and important ecologically. It was access to the bases and limiting the appreciation of this beautiful vital that construction and the need to cut down trees. landscape, but without disturbing subsequent use of the walkway its fragile balance. caused minimal disturbance.

13 Meteorological Dumfries + Galloway

Cumbria

Ground contamination Coastal stability heading

Minimum risk: Acoustics maximum value

Arup minimises risk and maximises value for site asset disposal

The lifecycle of a nuclear power plant, from construction through n The NDA has strategic responsibility operation and decommissioning, is typically more than 100 years. for the UK’s nuclear legacy – managing the nuclear decommissioning and How then do you determine with certainty the suitability of a waste process. But with renewed particular site for the development of a nuclear plant? Working for government enthusiasm for new nuclear power, the NDA is now in the the UK’s Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA), Arup analysed process of selling some of its sites to complex site issues to help minimise the risk for potential investors the private sector for development of and maximise the value of the sites in the NDA’s portfolio. new nuclear power plants. Arup was able to give a calculated view of the future environmental context of the sites, offer design solutions to address anticipated site challenges, and assess a site’s potential suitability for a nuclear power plant over a full lifecycle. This created greater certainty for investors, and by reducing perceived risk, the value and desirability of the sites were enhanced. © Ann Taylor-Hughes Ann ©

14 Project Name NDA Asset Evaluation Location Sites across the UK Client Nuclear Decommissioning Authority and Technical Support Glou cestersh ire

Environmental

Transport and logistics

Esse x Seismic activity

Connectivity to th e Angelsey, North Wales National Grid

Flood risk

Socio-demograph ic

Pullout The NDA engaged Arup as technical Information Systems to display layers was accessible to interested parties. Arup’s work included adviser to assess sites and assist in of data graphically. This type of Team members also made themselves technical evaluation determining the commercial value of presentation made key information available to answer questions on due and assessment of a site’s potential assets through technical evaluation and readily accessible, enabling the NDA diligence. The auctions drew substantial suitability for a design. Arup’s status at the forefront to make complex decisions quickly. interest and provoked, as it turned out, nuclear power plant of policy development on nuclear It also gave the NDA a valuable something of a bidding frenzy. Arup’s over a full lifecycle. siting, flooding, and climate change marketing tool for presenting sites to work contributed to the heightened adaptation was an important factor in potential buyers. Arup’s work made level of interest and investor confidence Most of the NDA’s sites are in coastal making Arup NDA’s preferred choice. it possible to gauge the viability of a in the sites, and consequently their zones and part of this Most of the sites in question are in particular site by simply referring to a increased commercial value. The sites assessment included coastal zones and part of Arup’s work site map highlighting the outcome of its eventually sold for a combined value identifying how for the NDA looked at predicting how assessment. This helped give potential in excess of £380m. climate change climate change – including predicted buyers the confidence to invest. – including predicted sea level rise – will sea level rise – will impact the sites. The ancillary benefits of Arup’s work impact the sites. The NDA recently conducted auctions are substantial. The project safeguards Arup’s detailed analysis generated to dispose of three sites: Wylfa on nuclear power within the UK energy large amounts of data. To make the Anglesey, Bradwell in Essex, and portfolio and lays the foundation analysis easier to grasp and present Oldbury in South Gloucestershire. for what will be among the largest it transparently, Arup used spatial In support, Arup provided information infrastructure programmes the UK processes such as Geographical underpinning a website portal that has ever seen.

15 ... TRANSFERRING UP TO 30 GIGALITRES An eye to the future OF WATER EACH YEAR

Construction of a new bulk water supply is ready to start at a moment’s notice

A far-sighted Australian regional water n Queensland is not often associated transfer up to 30 gigalitres of water each with a lack of water but in recent year from the Fitzroy River to Gladstone. board has moved to secure water years the Gladstone area of the state supplies against future challenges of has experienced increasingly severe A combined Arup and Gladstone climate change and drought. Once periods of drought. Area Water Board team worked very heading closely together during the project, approved by the regulatory authorities, The Gladstone Area Water Board is evaluating many alternative options water supplies could be up and running acutely aware of the needs of its which included a desalination plant. customers, the largest of which include The Board had to develop a concept within 24 months. This outcome is two power stations, an aluminium and procure detailed design and a subhead down to the collaborative relationship smelter and alumina refinery, and constructor for a major new water concrete and chemicals manufacturers. supply – which could be put on hold introforged between the water board and These companies are major employers or fast-tracked, subjectCaption to rainfall or the Arup’s water specialists. and exporters and the power plants investment decisions Captionof its customers. Caption are a vital part of state power supply. The challenge was to give the Board Caption Together they use 80% of the Board’s certainty over programme and cost. water supply. Just one more industrial Arup proposed an ‘early contractor customer could put demand beyond involvement’ approach, which brings the available capacity.Pullout in contractors at the design stage. This encourages innovation and With little rainfall since Cyclone Beni hit commitment, improving certainty and in 2003, the Board became increasingly results, while maintaining flexibility and concerned about diminishing water competitive tension. levels in the Lake Awoonga reservoir. Although the dam is the fourth biggest In contrast to many water authorities in Queensland, its catchment area – the that have been forced to respond watershed that drains into it – is small. urgently to crisis conditions, the Board The Board therefore asked Arup to start will be able to trigger the project preparatory work for a new treatment construction whenever it is needed. plant, a large diameter pipeline, pump The new water supply could be on stations and storage reservoirs to tap just two years later. © Neil Huckle

16 Project Name Gladstone Contingent Location Central Queensland, Australia Client Gladstone Area Water Board Water Supply Strategy design notes

Making th e invisible visible

Use of the new State Library of to make the Wi-Fi service ‘visible’ to users through signage and installations, and through Queensland’s Wi-Fi facility has appropriate design of furniture and fixtures. far exceeded expectations. Arup’s post-occupancy evaluation The digital age is redefining the role of libraries to encompass far more than the physical is helping the State Library to resources contained within their walls. To ensure understand the impact of the the State Library’s relevance over time, data service and how it influences on webpage access is analysed to identify patterns of user behaviour. This allows it to keep its plans for the future. in touch with user needs; it also gives them the opportunity to direct users to their other digital n Arup is working with the State Library of and non-digital services. Queensland in Australia to gauge the impact of their highly successful Wi-Fi service and how Arup’s findings are informing the design of subhead this shapes its broader strategy. Information the State Library’s latest project, a new digital and communications technology is typically culture facility known as The Edge. A key seen as a support service, but Arup’s work is element being explored is the integration of Wi-Fi is being used almost revealing how Wi-Fi needs to be a fundamental displays into the architecture of the building, HOURS consideration for organisations. which will enable real-time installations. 24 PER DAY Arup created a 3D model of the Wi-Fi signal Understanding the influence of invisible strength and combined this with sketches phenomena such as heat and sound has of how users occupy the space. With this long been integral to good building and urban analysis, the State Library is reconsidering design. Now, Wi-Fi and other real-time digital its spatial organisation and looking at ways activity are destined for similar consideration.

A 3D model maps th e Wi-Fi signal’s peaks and troughs, enabling Wi-Fi to be perceived as a physical ph enom enon.

17 Project Name Post-occupancy Location Brisbane, Australia Client State Library of Queensland 17 evaluation of Wi-Fi design notes

A building that breath es

The University of Sheffield’s new Arts and Humanities faculty at Jessop West shows how it is possible to create © Arup/Giles Rocholl Photography a naturally-ventilated interior in a noisy location, using a double-skin acoustic façade. It also proves that low-carbon buildings can succeed in an urban environment.

n The story of Jessop West is as much about what is left out of the building as it is about Natural ventilation what is included. From the earliest stages, in a noisy location the Arup design team, in collaboration with Central to the design was the desire to forgo Computational fluid Sauerbruch Hutton Architects and RMJM, mechanical air conditioning and eliminate dynamics testing was carried out to explored ways to make the building as lean the need for a conventional ‘sealed’ building. verify air movement as possible, and in doing so to produce a Jessop West fronts onto Sheffield’s busy within the façade model of affordable sustainability. At the same inner-city ring road. The need for good cavity and the flue, thereby ensuring that time it was important to create a comfortable acoustic insulation was vital to eliminate the building would environment that gave the UK university a the noise from traffic along the west face perform as expected. high-quality, creative learning space. of the new building.

18 Project Name University of Sheffield, Location Sheffield, UK Client University of Sheffield, Jessop West and Bowmer & Kirkland Ltd design notes

1. Solar-performing glass in the external pane reflects 30% of the heat. 2. Air enters the façade through an acoustic labyrinth that ventilates while blocking noise. 3. The façade changes as it wraps around the building to respond to varying site conditions. 4. The size of the windows is optimised for the orientation of each façade, helping to ensure that light, and not heat, is brought into the building.

h ea t noise

sunlight fresh air

Arup explored the option of a double-skin Arup modelled the thermal performance of also helps to ensure that light, and not heat, acoustic façade in great detail. This would the west façade and assessed the expected is brought into the building. allow effective natural ventilation despite internal conditions against agreed comfort the close proximity to the busy road. This is criteria. These tests were supplemented by Jessop West was consciously designed the first such use of a double-skin acoustic computational fluid dynamics analysis and to allow gradual changes in daylight, façade in the UK. a physical test using a full-scale mock-up of temperature, air quality, and noise levels one module of the west façade and a typical to stimulate the senses and enhance The double-skin west façade academic office. The results were used to creative thinking. The west façade incorporates internal and optimise the size of ventilation openings, external opening windows, with a narrow which are different on each floor due to the Occupant comfort cavity running between the two. When the change in flue height. The building has been occupied since the internal window is opened it allows outside beginning of 2009 and the double-skin air to enter the room via the acoustically-lined Natural daylight and façade is exceeding the expected acoustic cavity within the double-skin façade, and to an even temperature performance. Occupants are finding the exit the room via a thermal flue. This flue To complement the natural ventilation internal conditions comfortable even in runs the full height of the façade and draws scheme, exposed concrete is used the warmest weeks of the year. stale air up and out of the building using the throughout the interior of the building. As natural stack or chimney effect. well as creating a design feature, concrete Environm ental credentials: absorbs heat during hot weather and it low-energy design Manually adjustable blinds, sandwiched radiates stored heat during cooler weather, Annual CO2 emissions are predicted to be as between the windows in the ventilated cavity, thereby tempering the internal environment. low as 40% of emissions for a comparable trap solar heat gain within the façade before air-conditioned building built to current standards it enters the building. This heat is passively The shallow depth of the building, combined on a similar site. Jessop West leads the way removed via the thermal flue whether the with solar-control glass and window sizing towards the UK Government’s target to reduce

windows are open or closed. optimised for the orientation of each façade, CO2 emissions by 80% by 2050.

Client University of Sheffield, 19 and Bowmer & Kirkland Ltd design notes Water deposition rates on Discovery Walk. Monsoon season winds ca n reach 40kph

One degree north of th e Equator

Driving ain Arup’s approach to modelling air and liquid flows has made it possible to quantify the effect of monsoon rain on customer comfort – and lettability – of an outdoor dining area in Singapore. It could help to make naturally ventilated outdoor space a common feature of urban planning in the Heavy thunderstorms can tropics, where over half of the world’s population live. occur several tim es a day in monsoons

Cross section of Discovery Walk, part of 313@somerset, a new retail development. Wet seats The human factor n Potential tenants for the outdoor Discovery Computer models work with quantifiable Walk, part of a new retail development in values. The client wanted the values Singapore, were concerned about the effect related to comfort levels of customers N of wind-driven rain on their dining trade. – a subjective measure. Once the team 12 The glass canopy roof protects customers successfully modelled the driving rain, it NNW NNE 10 from vertical rain. During the monsoon ran simulations with varying sizes of rain NW NE 8 seasons, however, high winds drive the droplets from drizzle to deluge. N6 12 rain at an angle. Worse, high humidity levels SNW ENE NNW 4 NNE means that, once wet, tables and chairs Using terms used by the UK’s Meteorological 10 NW NE are slow to dry, rendering them unusable. Society, Arup mapped customer comfort, 8 WSW 6 ENE looking at droplet size and moisture content. SNW ENE 4 Analyse this When moisture levels reached a certain Traditional fluid dynamics computer models level, customers would be deterred and WSW ENE ESE can simulate air or liquid movement – but trade affected. This helped the team to 8.0-10.7m/s 5.5+7.9m/s normally not both. Arup created a new find suitable and effective solutions for the 3.4-5.4m/s WSW SW ESESE hybrid model to represent wind-driven rain. tennant. The team also suggested several 8.0-10.7m/s 1.6-3.3m/s 5.5+7.9m/s It programmed-in the city’s topology – tall adjustments to the canopy roof design and SSW SSE 0.3-1.5m/s SW SE 3.4-5.4m/s buildings affect wind movement – and added vertical blinds to reduce the vulnerability of S 1.6-3.3m/s SSW SSE 0.3-1.5m/s a statistical analysis of historical data on the dining areas to driving rain. Distribution of Swind patterns Singapore’s tropical weather. The team could between 1975 and 2007. then model probable and extreme wind/rain scenarios for Discovery Walk.

20 Project Name Wind-driven Rain Study: Location Singapore Client Bovis Lend Lease Pte Ltd 313 @ Somerset Discovery Walk Education packs make roll-out of the session easy.

Bringingsubhead water into the classroom

Students get to grips with global water issues

A new interactive classroom n With world water resources A key part of the 90-minute session becoming increasingly stressed and is a ‘hands-on’ workshop that session, Water for the World, is potable supplies more precious, demonstrates the challenges people helping schoolchildren understand it is critical that future generations in developing countries go through to understand the importance of obtain safe drinking water. It quickly global water sustainability issues these resources early on and becomes apparent to students that and is adding an important element become inspired to protect them. without technical know-how, dependable to the UK school curriculum. Education is a vital aspect of this communications and access to other effort. One programme that aims resources that people in the developed to do this is Water for the World, a world take for granted, creating and collaborative project with the non- sustaining a healthy living environment profit organisation Engineers Without is far more difficult. The message hits Borders UK (EWB-UK). A team of home through the experiential nature volunteers from Arup developed of the exercise. the technical and communications component of the programme. The self-explanatory education packs have, to date, been used to run the Careful research ensured that the sessions in the UK by Arup volunteers programme, which is divided into and EWB-UK students. However, the three age-specific modules, is content is being developed so that appropriate for each group’s level Water for the World can be conducted of technical understanding as well by schoolteachers who otherwise might as their unique learning style. The not be familiar with the subject matter. content addresses water issues This will bring the issues that surround faced by both the developed and global water sustainability to a much the developing world. wider school audience.

Project Name Water for the World Location UK Client Engineers Without Borders UK 21 32 square m etre solar PV array on its south-facing roof The award-winning Barratt Green House meets the stringent Level Six of the UK’s Code for Sustainable Homes and sets a new standard in sustainable design. The three-bedroom house shows that a net-zero- carbon house can be both affordable and desirable. A triumph in itself, it also offers a blueprint for sustainable development on a larger scale. A green prototype © Barratt Developments PLC

Testing the performance of sustainable technologies Three storeys, three bedrooms n When the Barratt Green House the walls and floors for its thermal mass opened in May 2008 at the UK’s BRE properties, which reduce the need Innovation Park, it was the first foray by for energy-hungry climate control. a major house-builder into sustainable design. By aiming to produce a net- Unlike conventionally-built houses, zero-carbon domestic house, Barratt which have space within walls, under Developments PLC was pushing the floors and in lofts to hide essential boundaries of sustainable design to cabling and pipes, the Barratt Green create its prototype. House had even less space in which to conceal the increased amount of wiring From the start, Arup and the architect needed for its computerised lighting, Gaunt Francis aimed to achieve Level solar shades, temperature controls Six under the UK’s Code for Sustainable – and even an integrated iPod player Homes. The house had to clock up a control. Here, the concrete posed a Eco-friendly copper cladding contrasts certain number of credits for sustainable practical problem – its all-important with white rendered walls practice and features at all stages, thermal stability and structural strength from design to operation. Vegetation would be compromised if it were and 32 square metres of photovoltaic punched full of voids or covered with solar panels cover the roof. Solar void forming materials. The team energy powers the domestic electrical decided on a containment system appliances and solar thermal panels of pipework similar to that used in provide hot water for the house. commercial buildings.

Designing for Level Six is a tricky The Barratt Green House provides a test balancing act. The team wanted to bed which continues to provide data use smaller windows to minimise heat on the performance of materials and loss in winter and excess heat gains in technology over time. The results are

summer but also to maximise daylight no mere intellectual exercise and are © Barratt Developments PLC to specific rooms. So it specified triple- already informing Barratt’s approach to A prototype for dom estic housing glazed windows and powered external its next, more ambitious project, an entire solar shading. Concrete was chosen for community of sustainable homes.

22 Project Name Green House Location BRE Innovation Park, Watford, UK Client Barratt Developments plc Only 2,500 square m etres of th e site is developed - just half a football pitch in size The same developer who used new sustainable techniques and technologies tested on the eco-friendly Barratt Green House is now applying them on a commercial scale. Hanham Hall will show how a zero carbon development fares in a realistic © Google Maps 2009 commercial setting: the UK’s housing market. Securing ecology Green community

A new community shows that green can be profitable n The developer has two inter-linked of living, one that is more sustainable. The chance to live a green lifestyle challenges. The first is to design the Much of the rich, original landscaping seems to hold considerable appeal 195-home Hanham Hall eco-community has been retained, including the to residents and recent open days to achieve a Code Level Six on the orchard and walled gardens. Some at the site have been overwhelmed UK’s Code for Sustainable Homes. has been enhanced and now features with interested parties. Hanham Hall The second is for it to succeed as a allotments and pasture. The result is a will show that a carbon-neutral commercial venture. This is the first development which stays true to the lifestyle is within the grasp of ordinary project on such a scale and the first site’s heritage and sense of place, house-buyers in the UK. of its kind from a major housebuilder while securing its ecology and wildlife, in the UK. Arup, Barratt and HTA which includes slowworms and architects jointly developed the scheme badgers. Hanham Hall showcases in response to the UK Government’s leading sustainable technologies. Carbon Challenge Programme, run by Visitors will see at first hand the the Homes and Communities Agency. community’s combined heat and One to five power plant in the sustainable living bedroom houses The original Hanham Hall was built in centre at the heart of the scheme. 1665 in the middle of farmland. It has The plant will burn locally produced been used as a psychiatric hospital biomass to meet the development’s for decades but has slowly fallen into modest energy requirements. disrepair following its closure in 2000. The new scheme refurbishes the original Hanham Hall is on the outskirts of building – which is Grade II listed by Bristol, surrounded by suburban the UK’s Department of Heritage – and development and within a 10-minute brings it back into commercial and walk of local shops and schools. At the community use. The new homes have heart of the development are offices, been designed to encourage a new way a community hall and a café.

195 houses 1/3 © Images courtesy of HTA affordable housing

Project Name Hanham Hall Location Gloucestershire, UK Client Barratt Developments plc 23 -30% Step 1: Establish a baseline by 2020

Step 2: Reduce emissions

Current emissions Current Step 3: Purchase offsets (and continue to reduce emissions) Policy process timeline Greenhouse gas emissions gas Greenhouse Stepping down the Carbon Ladder 2011 2020 2009 2010 2012

Adopt GHG In 2012, Californian businesses will be operating scoping reduction plan measures Early action enforcable within a new ‘cap and trade’ carbon emissions regulations regime. A guide written by Arup offers businesses enforcable the practical help they need to come to grips Adopt Adopt Reduce enforcable GHG GHG with reducing their emissions. early action reduction emission to regulations measures 1990 levels Carbon emission reductions made easy

Helping California to make carbon compliance good business

n California’s Global Warming Solutions meanwhile, are concerned about how A key source of practical advice is the Act, known as AB32, was enacted in AB32 will affect their bottom line and Business Guide to the Low Carbon 2006. It requires the state to reduce what they can do to prepare for it. Economy: California, a publication greenhouse gas emissions by 30% by jointly produced by Arup and the 2020. It also provides for a new system California encourages entrepreneurship international non-profit organisation, with strict carbon emission limits for with a range of incentives, including The Climate Group. The publication businesses. tax breaks. As a result, small and introduces the state’s emissions medium enterprises form a significant reduction policies and offers practical With only three years to finalise the details part of the state’s economic activity. guidelines for businesses – both in before the act takes effect in 2012, the These companies often lack the complying with reduction goals and state government has its work cut out, resources to employ in-house lawyers in pursuing business opportunities setting emission limits across sectors and or sustainability experts to deal with created by the new regime. Straight devising a trading system. Businesses, the carbon emission challenge. forward and easy to follow, it offers

24 Project Name The Climate Group/ Location Business Guide to the Low Client California, USA The California Air Resources Board Carbon Economy As a result of their Over 1,000 non-Climate The guide featured in work on the California Group related businesses the California Climate Guide, The Climate have received the guide Action Registry’s Group and Arup were and it has also been Members’ Meeting in commissioned to Tra n sp o r ta tio n distributed by a huge October 2008 and at develop a guide for range of state-wide and the Business Council New South Wales, commercial bodies. on Climate Change’s Australia. forum in April 2009.

THE BUSINESS GUIDE TO THE LOW CARBON ECONOMY: Identification/ CALIFORNIA implementation of further emission reduction strategies

Why should businesses Cool California, an The guide was lower their emissions? organisation that downloaded over • comply with the new law provides a one stop 1,500 times from • save money shop for Californians to the Climate Group’s • benefit from being a good reduce their impact on website and neighbour – the halo effect the climate, has used www.arup.com. • acquire competitive the guide in its own Electricity advantage publication.

businesses a starter’s guide to measuring the very philosophy of mass public experience extends across key sectors. their carbon emissions – the first step transportation is paradoxically at odds Arup drew on its experience analysing towards actually reducing them. with reducing carbon emissions overall. carbon footprints to formulate the Getting people out of private vehicles method set out in the state business The practical tenor of the guide owes and onto trains seems fundamentally guide. It is this streak of practical much to the experience of Arup’s sound, highly desirable and a vital know-how that is striking a chord with team. Working for San Francisco’s Bay aim for cities. Yet if a transportation California’s business community. The Area Rapid Transit (BART) system, for company carries more people, it guide is short on moralising and long example, Arup devised a normalised could increase its emissions beyond on simple how-to advice. It assumes measure of emissions – CO2 per its permitted level. Working on similar at the outset that companies already passenger mile – to develop a baseline issues with clients such as the New York understand the ethical, commercial for carbon emissions. This method of Power Authority and the San Francisco and legal case for reducing emissions measurement was necessary because Public Utilities Commission, Arup’s and simply want to get it done.

25 Decoding carbon emissions

A new statistical tool helps policymakers to reduce carbon emissions

Reducing a nation’s carbon emissions is an enormous undertaking, but one that has to start somewhere. Charged with accelerating the UK’s move towards a low-carbon economy, The Carbon Trust asked Arup to help analyse the best way for the UK to achieve a low-carbon non-domestic building stock by 2050.

IF RECOMMENDED THE UK’S CLIMATE CHANGE ACT 2008 ENERGY EFFICIENCY COMMITTED THE UK TO REDUCING MEASURES IN PUBLIC ITS GREENHOUSE GASES TO AT LEAST BUILDINGS ALONE WERE IMPLEMENTED, 80% BELOW THEY COULD CREATE 1990 LEVELS BY 2050 13,000 JOBS BY 2020

UK BUSINESS COULD SAVE £2.5bn A YEAR THROUGH CARBON REDUCTION MEASURES SUCH AS REPLACING OLD BOILERS OR INSTALLING NEW LIGHTING

© 2 environment carbon opportunities determining in the development de deco offers a tool to help policymakers do a tool to help policymakers offers time ensuring thatjust that, at the same deployed where are and resources effort difference. they will make the most for policymakers, Although created to adapted be easily could DeCODE with a property suit any organisation landlord a commercial portfolio, from National Health Service. to the UK’s Where to start Where DeCODE gives the government a point not The challenge is of departure. others over choosing some measures in reduction – with a target of 80% needed. are emissions, virtually all them. DeCODEThe task is to prioritise In 2008, the UK Government set the can be implemented, and potential country’s carbon budgets up to the year barriers to their adoption. Developed 2022. Taking into account the latest using a standard spreadsheet, its climate change science, the Climate sophistication lies in how the carbon Change Act set a goal of 80% reduction saving measures, implementation rates in carbon emissions by 2050 to and barriers are linked, ultimately, to minimise the impact of climate change. output the sought-after 80% reduction in emissions. The UK Government had many policy options at its disposal, from subsidising DeCODE helps property owners to insulation to redefining how ‘zero- meet – and even exceed – the targets carbon’ can be achieved in the built that will be set under the Carbon environment. What it lacked was Reduction Commitment, the system a means of comparing the relative of carbon compliance that will be effectiveness of carbon reduction effective from 2010 in the UK. policy interventions. The Carbon Trust asked Arup to invent one. Carbon-saving measures Demystified energy efficiency The result was DeCODE, a statistical renewable energy model that shows how carbon savings demolition rates accrue from different carbon reduction new build rates measures, the rate at which they grid carbon intensity

Project Name DeCODE: Low Carbon Non-Domestic Stock Tool California’sUnderstanding Emission the Reduction baseline Targets historical data from existing records. The first step is to calculate what total The Carbon Trust had previously emissions of non-domestic housing surveyed landlords, tenants, funders, Tra n sp o r ta tio n stock would be in 2050 if no policy were developers and lawyers to identify implemented. This baseline can then barriers to implementing different be compared with a variety of different, carbon-reduction measures. Some of emission-reducing policy scenarios. these are legal or regulatory and some The baseline takes into account are practical, such as the capital cost factors like current rates of demolition, of retrofitting. Arup identified the most refurbishment and new construction as effective carbon-reduction measures well as predicted growth in individual and linked them with policies that might non-domestic building sectors and change carbon emission levels. associated increased floor areas. The Next, Arup identified factors that might model shows that, in the absence of be affected by policy, such as rates policy changes, carbon emissions of demolition or refurbishment. The will show a net increase of about five firm added carbon saving measures – percent by 2050. these values can be changed to model Identification/ different scenarios. implementation of Building up a picture further emission Thereduction Carbon Trust wanted the DeCODE The rates at which energy efficiency toolstrategies to be externally verifiable, so Arup measures are implemented can also only used data that is already in the vary. Data, for example, showed that public domain. Owners of buildings only about 40% of buildings can be are organised by standard industry prompted to use any given energy sectors used by central government efficiency measure because so many and energy use (based on fuel supply); buildings already have it in some form changes in floor area are input as or because landlords refuse to pay for it. DeCODE = Determining Carbon Opportunities in the Development Environment

Location UK Client The Carbon Trust Going for gold

Seoul’s largest development is pre-certified LEED® Gold

Seoul’s newest development is the size of a small town. The challenge for its designers is to ensure that its energy demand does not strain the city’s infrastructure.

n Parc 1’s distinctive glass towers are unlike anything else in Seoul: the Cooling towers architect Rogers Stirk Harbour and Partners has created a prestigious signature building for corporate tenants. Parc 1 is also a green icon: the towers are the first buildings in the city to achieve pre-certified Leadership Reduced energy in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED®) Gold status, thanks in large measure to Arup’s expertise in designing energy-efficient systems.

Named Parc 1 for its proximity to Yeouido Park, Seoul’s new hotel- Cost efficient office-shopping complex is all about size. When completed, the 72-floor and 54-floor glass towers – alone 50% of the development – will accommodate more than 20,000 workers. The taller tower will be the tallest in South Korea when completed. The development includes Green credentials a 300-room hotel and a nine-level shopping complex with space for 400 shops. One floor of the shopping complex is given over entirely to a miniature park. The sheer scale of the development means that energy efficiency measures have a significant impact on carbon emissions and the bottom line. © GMJ 2009

26 Project Name Parc 1 Location Seoul, South Korea Client Y22 Project Financing Investment 72 storeys high © GMJ 2009 © GMJ 2009 © GMJ 2009

Like any modern office building full When fully occupied, Parc 1’s demand Carbon-saving technologies of people and computers generating for cooling and other services will peak Technologies such as thermolabyrinths are heat, the big issue for Parc 1’s towers during the day, when 14,000 or more mandatory in Korea, yet for Parc 1 their value would is cooling, even in winter, when the people are at work in the towers. The be negligible. Arup analysed technologies for carbon temperature can drop to -11ºC. Arup team decided to chill huge ice tanks at savings and capital cost. Some of the measures wanted to harness the cold outside air. night, when energy is cheaper. The ice introduced by Arup highlighted below are, by The firm therefore designed a variable tanks are depleted during the day contrast, highly cost effective. air ventilation system for the two towers to provide cooling to the buildings, to do just this, creating a cost-effective opposite to the way night-time storage

12,500,000 and highly energy-efficient system. heaters operate. In this way, the peaks GOOD and troughs of energy use are reduced, The cold winter temperatures inspired with the energy to create the ice taken another Arup idea. Normally, cooling during the night, and all other office 10,000,000 CO2 sensing and controls towers work with chillers to provide needs during the day. This is cost VAV in Tower VFDs on HVAC fans and pumps chilled water to cool the buildings and efficient for the client and reduces the BAD Thermal wheel heat exchangers on AHUs regulate the internal air. The unwanted burden on the city’s infrastructure. Energy efficient lighting and /year) /year)

7,500,000 2 heat is rejected from the cooling towers sophisticated lighting controls 2 into the open air. The team designed Achieving a high LEED rating was Free cooling the Parc 1 chilled water system to have expected to add around three percent Thermolabyrinth an alternative connection directly to to the building cost. In fact, it added Ground source heat pump Ground water reuse 5,000,000 the cooling towers, such that in winter nothing, thanks to the inherent energy- VFDs on public health pumps Low heat transmission Solar water panels building envelope it could bypass the energy-hungry efficiency of Arup’s design. Parc 1’s Stormwater harvesting chillers. This provided a free cooling energy-efficient towers have not only Pholtovoltaics Key tag holders for Hotel BMS - high level of Carbon Saving (kg-CO system which will save energy during achieved LEED Gold pre-certification automatic control Carbom Saving (kg-CO 2,500,000 the winter months. but are also the first buildings in South Daylight sensors and controls in Tower Korea to do so. Well sealed façade Cogeneration Grey water reuse Green roof Ice storage 0 0 5,000,000 10,000,000 15,000,000 20,000,000 25,000,000 SQUARE METRES Capital Cost (1,000won(US$1,000won) (USD) of new building 630,000 KEY: Arup Involvement

The team used 3D advanced computer modeling techniques to explore and compare the options for the building and to optimise the design, thereby maximising lettable building area. This diagram shows velocity distribution modeling for the rooftop park area in summer.

27 A truly coordinated approach

Meeting Queensland’s infrastructure challenge

Australia’s largest infrastructure n Colloquially known as the Sunshine expertise within the government, and to, programmeheading encompasses over 378 State, Queensland is home to Australia’s in effect, work its way out of a job over fasted-growing metropolitan region: the course of 30 months. Government identifiable projects, ranging from road South East Queensland. With such staff were left with new systems and tunnels and railways to hospitals and an enviable reputation, the region’s skills to coordinate the programme. job opportunities, sub-tropical climate When Arup started work in January prisons. A truly coordinated approach and sought-after lifestyle prompt more 2006, the Programme Management to managing the programme is ensuring than 1,000 people to move there each Office (PMO) had two government staff that Queensland’s taxpayers are getting week. Projections show a rise in the and ten consultants. By July 2008, there regional population of 1m to 4.4m were no consultant personnel embedded maximum value for money. by 2031. The state capital, Brisbane, within the PMO, emphasising the may play on its country-town charm, success of the commission. but is in reality a city on the rise. The state government has planned for the The global economic downturn is seeing necessary infrastructure to support construction projects all over the world sustainable growth through the South deferred or cancelled. While South East East Queensland Infrastructure Plan Queensland is not immune from global and Programme (SEQIPP). Worth forces, the state government’s commitment AUS$124bn over 20 years, and to infrastructure remains strong, with including some 378 projects, it is a a focus on ensuring that infrastructure substantial investment, most of which investment provides the best value for comes from taxpayers. money in a tight fiscal environment. The PMO’s role is key to ensuring that The traditional approach would be the government makes the right 4.4m simply to plan and approve the individual investments at the right time, providing PEOPLE bYbY projects on a case-by-case basis and let South East Queensland with the services 2031 the delivery agencies get on with it. But it needs to manage its unprecedented state leaders took a more sophisticated growth. SEQIPP has brought a approach, turning to Arup and the Peron disciplined programme management Group to bring reform to the coordination ethos to the state coordination of of SEQIPP. Essentially, they asked the funding, to the benefit of all. team to build programme management

28 Project Name The South East Queensland Infrastructure Plan and Programme – Programme Management Office PROJECTS Over 370 “Excellent idea, innovative concept, desperately required and has been well received by the infrastructure community”

Paul Clauson Chief Executive Officer Infrastructure Association of Queensland

AUS$124bn over 20 YEARS

INFRASTRUCTURE Body copy to Caption sustainably support Caption All images provided courtesy of the Queensland Government EXTRA PEOPLE Caption 1m Caption

SEQIPP includes 378 identifiable projects across a range of asset classes – including roads, rail, public transport, ports, water, energy transmission and distribution, hospitals and health facilities, schools and tertiary education facilities, correctional and justice facilities, sporting and recreational facilities. Of the projects, more than 80 are over AUS $100m in value and a further 35 are over AUS $1bn in value.

Location Brisbane, Australia Client Queensland Government – Department of Infrastructure and Planning 29 A new oil drilling platform in one of the world’s remotest offshore oilfields was engineered to cope with extreme weather conditions and 20 metre high waves. The Wellh ead Platform platform is designed to ‘self install’ at sea without the need for expensive marine cranes. At the end of its useful life the installation sequence can be reversed, and the platform can be recycled or reused elsewhere. Second life

An oil drilling platform that can be used more than once

n The Maari oil field lies 80 kilometres in excess of 160kph. A key driver in off the New Zealand coast in the the choice of the DrillACE platform for Taranaki basin, at the edge of the the Maari field, however, was its self- ‘Roaring Forties,’ an ocean region swept installing capability. This greatly reduced constantly by powerful westerly winds. the amount of costly installation support For decades its economic viability was equipment required at the remote site. considered to be marginal. Arup’s DrillACE The Maari Well Head Platform was concept, a member of the ACE (Arup designed for a site with the harshest Concept Elevator) range of offshore conditions and greatest water depth platform configurations, has changed the yet experienced by any ACE platform. economic basis for these remote fields. By adopting the DrillACE concept as Building the tower preferred platform configuration, our strategic partner, Clough Projects Erecting the 145 metre tall platform Two thirds of International – also the main contractor conventionally during fabrication would the 145 metre on the project – was awarded the have required expensive custom-built structure is submerged engineering, procurement and cranes. The team decided to use the below sea level. construction for the platform in 2005. same jacking system that was used to Arup provided detailed design and erect an air traffic control tower in the construction and installation support for middle of London’s Heathrow Airport. the DrillACE substructure. The platform Arup’s involvement in both projects was successfully installed in 2008. provided a unique opportunity to ensure best practice from the Heathrow project Gravity base lowered Designed for strength was transferred to the Maari project. 100 m etres to seabed Rather than using a crane to build the tower from the ground up, the jacking system would be used to lift the entire structure off the ground and hold it steady while the next section was welded on below. Although the Maari was almost double the height of the The Maari platform is built to withstand control tower, the team was convinced Suction onto seabed for stability 20 metre high waves and wind gusts that it would work. It did.

30 Project Name Maari Wellhead Platform Location Taranaki Basin, offshore Client OMV New Zealand Limited New Zealand

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Taking the platform Taranaki to Once constructed, the was tower towed its location,to 80 kilometres offshore New Zealand in the Taranaki Basin. This year saw the Maari Wellhead and unmanned is which Platform, tied a Floating to Production Storage and Offloadingvessel, start produce to oil. The facilities platform’s include down hole heating and pumping systems, wellhead control panel, visiting for accommodation temporary and helideck servicetechnicians, crane. pedestal Leaving ACE littleArup’s in trace counterparts its Like the of installation the range, platform Maari platform can be reversed allow to useful its of end the at removal its for life. It can then be reused at another demolition. for onshore taken or site affair, tidy remarkably a is it way, Either that trace little behind leaving there. ever was platform the

Building the tower A modern plant science laboratory in the University of Cambridge’s Botanic Garden marries the highly serviced technical requirements of a lab with an uncompromising aesthetic vision. It will also house a plant collection that includes specimens brought back by Charles Darwin from the Beagle voyage. In the footsteps of Darwin

A new plant science laboratory combined with Darwin’s prized plant collection

n Like the University, Cambridge’s the Botanic Garden. Arup and the growth chambers, which scientists can Professor John Botanic Garden is steeped in history. architect Stanton Williams collaborated programme for optimum temperature, Stevens Henslow, Darwin’s mentor Since 1831 it has been a working from the start to integrate state- humidity and light conditions for any conceived the research tool for the ordering and of-the-art services within the strict plant. The building is equipped for Botanic Garden as Bodycataloguing copy of the diversity of plant architectural form. The team defined the future; it can accommodate more a working research tool in 1831. species. In the heart of this historic the mechanical and electrical routing computer-based research if required. setting, a new complex represents the up front – down to the smallest A roof-mounted photovoltaic array modern face of plant science. aperture – before the concrete was offsets the building’s carbon emissions. cast. Serviced from below with natural Part-way through construction Laboratories are typically designed for gas, compressed air, electrical wiring, the building is on target to function alone, divided into small units cabling, chilled water and ventilation, Pulloutgain a rating of Excellent by for private study and hidden from public the laboratory itself remains light, open the environmental assessors view. With extensive equipment, they and uncluttered. BREEAM. demand three or four times the power of an office building and are typically To accommodate an advanced The Sainsbury Laboratory will serviced from above, with large amounts transmission electron microscope, only provide 120 of the world’s of ducting and electrical services the second of its kind in the UK, the top plant scientists with an concealed by suspended ceilings. team had to ensure that the laboratory extremely modern working met onerous vibration and air environment, one that The new Sainsbury Laboratory is movement criteria for its use. Another promotes the exchange light and airy thanks to two wholly- key focus was the control of services of ideas and the evolution of glazed walls, one of which overlooks to the areas housing the 45 plant scientific knowledge.

32 Project Name Sainsbury Laboratory Location Cambridge, UK Client Kier Regional University of Cambridge An exhibit in its own right

The new Academy is a living museum

The California Academy of Sciences subhead is one of the ten largest natural history museums in the world, housing a range of phenomenal exhibits – from a four-storey rainforest to the world’s deepest living coral reef tank. But the new Academy building is also an exhibit in its own right, demonstrating to visitors how a sustainable approach to its business can have a positive impact on the environment. © Tim Griffith

Project Name California Academy Location San Francisco, California. USA Client California Academy of Sciences 33 of Sciences the Academy aims to help change aims to help change the Academy small by demonstrating how behaviour on have a positive impact changes can the environment. was a key the outset, the roof From vision. By of the architectural feature of the park’s essentially lifting a section space and sliding the museum green underneath, the building successfully landscape blends with the surrounding than disrupts the and enhances rather evolved as an The roof environment. sustainable design essential part of the and its undulating shape helps the naturally-ventilated building ‘breathe’. an insulating blanket that It provides moderates the internal temperature it makes one and is also a living roof; varied habitat available for of hectare plants. native 1.7m of California’s also absorbs 98% of the The roof over rainwater that hits it, preventing California Academy of Sciences

Client The Water PlanetThe Water exhibit Founded in 1853, the CaliforniaFounded in Academy of Sciences is the largest of Sciences is the largest Academy San in the City of cultural institution ten largest Francisco, one of the in the world, natural history museums explain explore, and its mission is to With the natural world. and protect Academy in the opening of the new culmination of a September 2008 – the between Arup seven-year collaboration Renzo Piano Building and architects and Stantec Architecture Workshop was broadened – this stated mission It is now the to include sustainability. central theme. Academy’s The vision for the new Academy was that embodied a structure to create both form and function. A in nature series of innovative and sustainable strategies conserve water and energy, and maximise natural pollution reduce ventilation and light. The building is an exhibit in its own right and n San Francisco, USA

© Tim Griffith Tim © Location The Academy is about The Academy the question answering get here, did we “How going we and what are we sure make do to to around?” can stay Chris Andrews, Chief of Public Programs, California of Sciences Academy California Academy Academy California

A 27.43 metre 27.43 A diameter glazed dome housing the ainforest exhibit ProjectName of Sciences

34 © Tim Griffith Tim © © Tim Griffith Tim ©

35 © Renzo Piano Building Workshop Building Piano Renzo ©

The undulating roof shape creates the shape creates The undulating roof natural for required dynamic thermal is stack- ventilation. On calm days there driven ventilation, like a chimney Wind passing over the expelling hot air. lift that helps with hills generates roof mechanical ventilation Avoiding airflow. was an important aspect of the low and the roof energy design strategy, enables this. ating r The one-hectare living oof is home some to plants 1.7m Platinum LEED ) from ) from ® the US Green Building Council. Building Council. the US Green highlight of the building Tours sustainable and demonstrate its and the materials used, features, the performance of conservation It is itself a living, approaches. exhibit for sustainability breathing to have a principles, designed positive impact on the behaviour of all those who visit. The end result of these innovations of these The end result sustainable building; is a highly achieved a Platinum the Academy and Energy in rating in Leadership Design (LEED Environmental The vision for the The vision for to was new Academy that a structure create in embodied nature and function. form both ainforestexhibit th e Porthole skylights above Portholeskylights above 1.6m visitors1.6m annually By relying on natural daylighting and By relying ventilation, high-efficiency electric thorough lighting, and careful, systems, building all of commissioning energy use projected the Academy’s is at least 30% below US federal and state energy use requirements. The perimeter of the roof is lined with is lined roof The perimeter of the cells, providing 60,000 photovoltaic for light both shade and regulated 220 over visitors. It also provides – at least kilowatts of energy annually energy total building’s the of five percent the release – and prevents requirement of than 183,700 kilograms of more gas emissions annually. greenhouse 13m litres of runoff from flowing from of runoff 13m litres Its into city storm drains. needlessly the ‘urban reduces planted surface to 22ºC staying up heat island’ effect, roof. cooler than a standard heading Breaking the mould

An ingenious structural form combines strength with slenderness

Engineeringintro a multi-layered structure resembling a ring The pivot joint is similar to a ball joint of slender-stalked mushrooms is challenging enough. – the top piece is concave and the In an extremely seismic zone such as Japan, with highly semi-spherical bottom piece is convex. The perfectly spherical shape allows conservative building design codes, it took ingenuity to the joint to rock without resistance. translate the architectural vision into reality. Because the arrangement prevents the forces from building up in the joint, it n In 2006, architect Riken Yamamoto’s The world over, engineers must allows the base of the kinoko columns daring ‘kinoko’ – mushroom-shaped – consider the forces of gravity and to taper, achieving the aesthetically design won a competition for Namics wind. In Niigata, any building must also desired slenderness. Technocore’s new research facility in withstand earthquakes, typhoons and Niigata, Japan. The subsequent design heavy snow loads, making it a uniquely Given the unusual structural form, stage coincided with the rolling out of a challenging building environment. Arup adduced extra evidence to new building code and a period of risk show the authorities that the acrobatic aversion on the part of Japan’s building Arup decided to use a combination of shapes were based on familiar authorities, particularly when it came to existing structural systems that would principles and provided adequate radical, innovative design. be familiar to the building authorities. seismic performance. Like many conventional buildings, At first glance, the structural form of the structural scheme is a network of Although at first glance the final the new research and development moment-resistant frames made from structural form of the building appears facility in Niigata seems implausible. conventional rolled steel. Here, the key surreal with its tapered stalks, it is, in Meeting rooms and offices perch on difference is the pivot joint, made from fact, structurally honest. The same top of slender stalks above the research cast steel, at the base of the kinoko amount of structural ‘muscle’ is required and development rooms. The vision columns. These special cast steel pivot as in a standard rectangular building, was of an extraordinary building that joints are created by pouring molten but is concentrated in different locations, symbolised the position of its occupants steel into sand moulds, which are resulting in an architectural form that at the vanguard of technology. machined down precisely. reflects the structural needs.

36 Project Name Namics Technocore Location Niigata, Japan Client Riken Yamamoto & Associates, Architects

Body copy

Pullout

Stability on a stalk The building’s structural stability is down A kinoko structure would need a thick to the firm connection between the thin stalk to stand alone. Arup set a rule vertical stalk and the hefty top, rather that kinokos would be in groups of than that between the stalk and the at least three to acquire the requisite ground. This enables the kinoko structure stability – just as a table with three legs to resist forces from the side – such as stands firm. those present in an earthquake.

37 3x Template design

California’s health planners approved the new 174-bed Kaiser Permanente Hospital in just nine months, a fraction of the typical 28-month approval Free to expand cycle. What’s more, the hospital opened early. What made this possible was a building template design that could be customised for multiple locations – and potentially many more. Precision planning Cost effective

A template hospital design saves energy, money and time

n Kaiser Permanente originated in In the event, OSHPD took eleven central utility plant serves the hospital, Typical the 1930s as an industrial healthcare months (compared with its usual 28 the medical office building and its own Approval Cycle programme for construction, shipyard months) to review the original template support areas. The template design 28 months and steel mill workers in California. design. For the Vacaville hospital it took offers similar structural and seismic Today it is the largest managed care only nine, since it was a mirror image systems for each site regardless of the organisation in the US, with 8.6m of the same design, flipped and slightly number of storeys in the patient tower. 2007-8: members, operations in nine states, customised for the Vacaville site. The template design can also be Kaiser Permanente and ambitious expansion plans. adapted to various site conditions. Template Hospital Labour costs are a hospital’s single approved in Asked to design three new hospitals biggest operating expense. To help The template is designed to 11 months in California, Arup and the Stantec/ keep costs down, the design team accommodate future expansion. SmithGroup Joint Venture drew on their sought to maximise the number of If work starts on a new treatment understanding of California’s Office patients each nurse could comfortably block or patient tower, it should not 2008: of Statewide Health Planning and manage. Distinctive, triangular towers disrupt the operation of the hospital, Kaiser Permanente Development (OSHPD) permit process placed nursing stations at the centre and the mechanical, electrical and Vacaville Hospital to devise instead a single hospital and of each floor. Patient rooms, with other services should be able to be approved in central utility plant ‘template’ design generous windows and ample natural extended easily and efficiently. 9 months that could be used on other, future sites light, line the building perimeter around without major redesign, and with an the stations. Cost effective, efficient and designed expedited OSHPD permit period. Once with the future in mind, the template the template was approved, subsequent Hospitals are exempt from California’s hospital design benefits medical staff applications would be faster and less stringent energy requirements, but Arup and patients alike. The company expensive, being based on the same nonetheless designed building systems benefits too: as further Kaiser approved template design. to be as efficient as possible. The Permanente hospitals rise across California, their distinctive triangular towers will become increasingly recognisable to the general public Energy efficient as part of the company’s brand.

Natural light © Robert Canfield

38 Project Name Kaiser Permanente Location Vacaville, California, USA Client Stantec Vacaville Hospital and Central Utility Plant Central atrium

Better than new © Jackson Teece Architecture © Jackson Teece © Jackson Teece Architecture © Jackson Teece Restored h eritage Refurbishment restores heritage and enhances performance As a result of substantial refurbishment, 39 Hunter ****** Street is the first heritage-listed building in Australia GREEN STAR OFFICE v2 to achieve a 6 star Green Star Office version 2 DESIGN RATING © Jackson Teece Architecture © Jackson Teece 6 Design rating. Arup worked with the existing fabric of this early twentieth century office building in Sydney to restore and preserve its historic features, while creating state-of-the-art, A grade commercial Natural ventilation space with impressive sustainability performance. Daylight source

n When Arup, in conjunction with While the atrium’s primary purpose is as Jackson Teece architects, began work a daylight source, it also demonstrates on the extensive refurbishment project, the multi-faceted approach to creating Acoustic buffer the old building at 39 Hunter Street was sustainable solutions. It quietly doubles somewhat dark and dingy. Most original as the main air return for the building’s decorative features had been either ventilation system and would act as damaged or concealed by extensive a smoke-collecting reservoir in the renovations in the 1960s. The 7-storey, event of fire. It has also been carefully 6,000 square metre office building, designed as an acoustic buffer to ensure considered high-rise when it was built speech privacy between tenancies. in 1917, had become dwarfed by the central business district that had grown Central to the design process has been up around it, and, because of its age, its working within the constraints of the Preserved historic features environmental performance was poor present structure, wherever possible in comparison to its newer neighbours. adapting existing elements to fit within modern environmental solutions. A This is all in sharp contrast to the lightwell now incorporates the new lift Carbon efficient building as it stands today. Now, a shaft and a de-commissioned goods central atrium floods the building with lift shaft has become a mechanical riser natural light and creates an internal focal for supply air. point that compensates for the lack of access to external views. The removal The result of this highly-coordinated Enhanced performance of oppressive suspended ceilings and approach is a carbon-efficient building the use of displacement air conditioning that, with its heritage restored and its have brought the intricate plaster future sustainable, is a significant ceilings and cornices back into view, asset in the City of Sydney. all elegantly repaired and accentuated with LED uplighting. Arup’s daylight analysis study.

Project Name 39 Hunter Street Location Sydney, Australia Client Kador Group 39 Medical centre rendering

heading Timber fram es

subhead

intro

Teaching new skills and construction m ethods

40 Project Name Soroti Community Location Soroti, Uganda Client Saltpeter Trust – Designed and built by EFOD Medical Centre

41 for certification offor workers certification of new, transferableof new, skills & h elp achieve positive social, economic and environm ental effects. * Capacity building through teaching* - Construction techniques managemSite possibility ent, - * Buildings interact th with e community

Malawi schools - potential contribution community to

Pro-bono work helps local communitiesin Africa a have paved the way for Arup from contributions Pro-bono local Africa that have helped to build in number of projects with local global expertise By combining Arup’s capacity. critical issues of water address projects knowledge, these and education. They pass on and sanitation, healthcare impact on communities, valuable skills that have a practical livelihoods. and improve and enhance prospects Reaching out to Africa to out Reaching © Klaas Lingbeek- van Kranen

Vital medical services Region-appropriate A new community medical centre solutions make a big brings vital services to Soroti, Uganda difference to communities

n The Soroti region is home to over 200,000 people. As with many rural communities in Uganda, medical care Building blocks of education is not only difficult to come by but also expensive. That’s why the new Soroti A prototype school to meet the need Community Medical Centre, designed for 17,000 centres across Malawi and constructed with the help of Arup engineers, is so vital to Soroti. To come up with a building design product. It was also essential to create Construction of the multi-use centre suitable for an environment that has protected outside space to maintain has been wholly-financed through no real infrastructure is no mean feat, a connection to the wider community fund-raising. Scheduled for completion particularly when the intention is to instead of building a ‘closed box’ in 2009, it will offer basic medical and create a space conducive to learning. largely cut off from it. dental care, along with nursing and eye care, all in a simple structure of private Working within these constraints, The final result speaks for itself – a rooms that run off a central corridor. and with a no-frills budget, Arup, in modern building modest in stature, collaboration with architects John built with local and low-impact A single pitch roof provides natural McAslan and Partners, evaluated a materials, but with high impact in ventilation, harvested rainwater is number of different building options. terms of both its presence and the used to flush toilets, and the use of The ideal protoype, intended to be possibilities it represents for the compressed earth blocks for the walls used to meet the need for 17,000 populations it will serve. creates a building solution that is centres across Malawi, had to be affordable, functional and appropriate, determined with absolute certainty. Internal daylight analysis and one that can easily be replicated throughout the region. Maintaining comfort was key. Internal and thermal modelling daylight analysis and thermal modelling helped Arup designers The construction process has been helped Arup designers determine determine adequate as important as the finished product. adequate natural light levels and natural light levels Area residents have learned new maximise interior ventilation. Focusing and maximise interior skills and been introduced to new on the building envelope, designers ventilation. construction technologies using local sought to minimise the use of locally- materials which will be of lasting expensive materials, such as concrete, benefit to this community. without compromising the finished

Project Name African Schools Prototype Location Malawi Client Clinton Hunter Development Initiative

Working for health A local village water supply and sanitation project brings safe Teaching th e ‘3 jar’ drinking water to Sironko, Uganda m ethod of water purification

When Arup engineers tested the river Now that fact-finding is complete, water that provides drinking water health and hygiene education can in Busabulo, the level of harmful begin, followed by design and bacteria was found to be more than construction of latrines and household 3,000 times higher than the World rainwater harvesting. In 2010 it is Health Organisation’s recommended hoped that a simple, hand-pumped limit. A local village water supply and borehole well will be drilled to provide sanitation project is set to change a safe, reliable and convenient main Household this for good. water supply to Busabulo. water treatm ent

Busabulo lies in the Sironko District of As an interim measure and a first Uganda and is reached only by a dirt The level of harmful step to improving the drinking track. The villagers live simply, in keeping bacteria was found to water, the Busabulo villagers were with their long traditions. Arup’s client be more than 3,000 taught the ‘3 jar’ method of water has a long established connection with times higher than the purification. A rudimentary system, the area, and she commissioned Arup to recommended limit. it is easy to apply and effectively assist her with a plan to bring safe water removes sediment and some to the village. Engineers on an initial fact- harmful bacteria. finding tour recommended broadening the programme to look at water-related health issues. As a result, sanitation, hygiene and health education form the core of the project, enhancing its long- term value to the community.

Arup engineers have spent much time forging links with important River water poured Water from jar 1 Water from jar 2 Water from jar organisations at local, district, national through cloth filter poured into jar 2 poured into jar 3 3 removed with and international levels, as well as and left covered for and left covered and left covered ladle and used for simply talking with the locals. Such 24 hours. for 24 hours. Jar 1 for 24 hours. household drinking. relationships are key to the ongoing refilled to ensure success of the project. ongoing water supply.

Project Name Sironko VillageWater Supply Location Sironko District, Uganda Client Belinda Swift Down to earth

A modern winery is built from the earth on which it stands

The winery is Looking at Australia’s newest winery, one would never guess almost complete and is scheduled that it is constructed from humble rammed earth. This supremely to open in late 2009. modern building mixes ancient and modern to powerful effect, setting new standards of design in Australia’s wine valley.

n Port Phillip Estate’s new winery is mixture into four metre-long forms. It is control. Deep-set windows block out blessed with commanding views over compressed by a pneumatic ram and the summer sun but allow in winter the Australian wine lands. The pale built up in layers to create basic building sunlight when the sun is low in the sky, curved building, glazed to the east blocks. Rammed earth hardens over making the winery an exceptionally and overlooking western port bay, time and when fully ‘cured’, becomes a energy-efficient building. looks every inch the modern winery. rigid and robust building material. From a distance, one might assume It is also visually arresting. The that the pale walls are concrete. Look Inside, the building’s texture and undulating walls follow the curves closer and they appear to have a acoustics give it the solidity and warmth of its contemporary roof. The grain texture, like wood, silk or cloth. that you would expect of a centuries- building’s complex shape is formed They lack the coldness, rigidity and old building. Rammed earth is full of from deceptively simple geometries. smoothness of concrete. surface irregularities and imperfections, WoodMarsh defined the wall which give it its distinctive texture. geometries utilising intersecting circles The winery is built into the hillside WoodMarsh Architecture selected the and arcs and with Arup used 3D and constructed of ‘rammed’ earth. material with Arup for its many benefits modelling to detail the design and Also known as pisé de terre, rammed including its intrinsic thermal massing construction of the walls. earth is rarely seen on such a scale in qualities. The rammed earth structure Australia. A building method that dates creates a perfect indoor environment The result is a building whose ultra- from antiquity, the process involves for winemaking. It regulates the modern lines contrast with, and are mixing loose earth with a smaller temperature fluctuations that are the softened by, its rustic rammed earth amount of cement, then pouring the bane of vintners, almost eliminating the walls. As visitors linger on the terraces need for mechanical temperature and in the restaurants, which capitalise on the views over the vineyards and Port Phillip Bay, they can appreciate both ancient and modern aspects of this intriguing building, just as they appreciate the quality of its wine.

42 Project Name Port Phillip Estate Winery Location Red Hill, Australia Client Port Phillip Estate

43 Barrel-ageing The structure’s The structure’s geometry is a complex arrangement of inclined planes. Ferm tanks entation Grupo Faustino/ Bodegas Portia Bottle-ageing Concrete’s th ermal to mass h elp temperature steady The design of the structural systems The was also informed by their role. structure massive scale concrete above structure supports the road to areas the ageing cellars. The roof supported by finer-scale each side are bespoke units. These units pre-cast to form the external also used are walls and to articulate the junction between in the half- above- and below-ground buried structure. expressed design process The entire function the building’s and reflected made and scale – an approach possible by an exceptionally close and collaboration between architect engineer. The result is a building whose design enhances and lays bare that takes the wine making process place within. Client Ferm entation Gumiel de Izan, Spain Spain Izan, de Gumiel Viewed from the air, the winery is a the winery is a the air, Viewed from shape, which distinctive three-armed both symbolises and accommodates stages: the needs of the wine at three and fermentation, barrel-ageing, bottle-ageing. and humidity at which The temperature the process wine is kept throughout Therefore ultimate quality. its affects the new winery is designed to minimise daily and seasonal variations within the ageing cellars. The team optimised the performance environmental building’s by designing the building to restrict sunlight. Partly buried thermal gain from in the landscape to avoid the harsh summer sun, the building capitalises on the thermal mass of exposed concrete for much of As a result, internally. the time the wine can be left to sleep undisturbed while its flavour matures. Location

Ribera Del Duero Winery

One of Spain’s legendary winemaking One of Spain’s ProjectName For Arup and architect Foster + For Arup and architect Partners, the need for high-quality visitor winemaking and a coherent their development experience drove scheme. The functional requirements of the building for winemaking set by key master winemakers were Faustino’s to the evolution of the building – from the arrangement of the fermentation a central and ageing cellars set around hub, to the delivery of grapes from the building to minimise of the roof pumping, which crushes the grapes. Integrated into the winemaking process the which overcomes is a visitor centre often disjointed series of processes experienced at many other wineries. regions, Ribera Del Duero produces produces Del Duero Ribera regions, finest and most some of the world’s wines. Bodegas Portia, exclusive red new winery in the Grupo Faustino’s give visitors new insight will region, into the wine making process. Designing the perfect environment for fine wine-making n

The ambition that has earned the Faustino Group its its Group Faustino the earned has that ambition The wine premier Spain’s as one of reputation enviable Portia its new Bodegas as evident in is just producers is building The region. Duero Del Ribera the in winery visitors to display and provide to designed and conceived grape to bottle. for wine, from the perfect environment A winemaker’s delight A winemaker’s Half buried keepHalf in soil to cool Strong and light aluminium deck

Gravity-defying Minimal supports © Charles G. Young; Interactive Design, Architects © Charles G. Young;

The ultra-thin Nichols Bridgeway spans 200 metres with little visible means of support. It forges an eye-catching Nearly link between Chicago’s two civic hubs, Millennium Park and the Art Institute of Chicago. 200 heading metres long Zero gravity bridge

subheadAn impossibly-slender bridge opens Chicago’s museum to the park

n In May 2009, the Art Institute of Arup detailed the thin curved steel shell Chicago opened its Modern Wing, with the help of advanced software complete with an apparently gravity- typically used in the automotive defying new footbridge. Architect industry. This helped to determine how Renzo Piano conceived of a slender, to eliminate vertical supports from over minimalist structure to link the half of the bridge’s length. Modern Wing with the nearby Millennium Park. The bridge makes Essentially, the bridge structure is a the museum’s new rooftop restaurant long beam. Like a ruler leaning against © Charles G. Young; Interactive Design, Architects © Charles G. Young; and outdoor sculpture terrace directly a step, the structure’s very proportions List of loadcases 4 x 1.00000E+00 accessible from the park. make it inclined to bend in response to movement. Analysis techniques Over 190 metres long and weighing in developed in-house enabled the at 400 tonnes, the footbridge itself is design of the bridge to be thinner less than 1.3 metres deep in section. and lighter than could be achieved For the maximum unsupported span using conventional methods. of over 60 metres, the span-to-depth ratio is 44. It soars above Monroe Street to the third floor of the museum. Passersby have been overheard to Interactive Design, Architects © Charles G. Young; wonder how the bridge stays up.

Part of the answer lies in its steel Thin curved steel sh ell construction. Steel is both strong and light, which allows the bridge to rest on existing structures, including an underground car park and the

museum itself. Early sketch by Renzo Piano © Renzo Piano Building Workshop

44 Project Name Nichols Bridgeway Location Chicago, Illinois, USA Client Art Institute of Chicago design notes

Forecasting foo tfa lls

1. Expansion and contraction of the bridge in Chicago’s extreme climate is accommodated by rocking of the columns.

Arup’s vibration experts used advanced modelling to ensure that 2. A structural analysis model of the whole bridge, comprising the natural movement of the Nichols Bridgeway stayed within over 90,000 elements, was used acceptable limits. They looked at crowd behaviour as well as the as part of the design justification List of loadcases of the complex, thin curved structure itself to predict vibration levels on the footbridge. 4 x 1.00000E+00 shell construction. n As people walk along a footbridge, their structural response to a large number of footfalls apply a small horizontal force on the people walking in step. The movement can surface. The forces cause initial vibrations be dispensed with entirely if the bridge tries that are insignificant. However, in slender and to sway faster than people can walk. flexible bridges, small vibrations can grow into large movements. The blade-like aspirations From the start, the design of the Nichols for the Nichols Bridgeway very much fell into Bridgeway was developed to minimise List of loadcases the slender category, making design against lateral vibrations. Like a golfer standing 1 x 1.00000E+00 lateral wobble a key focus. with his legs spaced out to stay more stable, the bridge’s support columns are splayed Arup knew from experience that it needed to maximise lateral stiffness. The gutters to consider human subconscious behaviour: on the bridge form wide wings that are crowds of people move randomly, but used to increase width of the section, 3. Analysis of the bridge support structure tend to involuntarily fall into step if lateral generating the rigidity needed to prevent under lateral sway motion. Advanced analysis movements become noticeable. The result is build-up of lateral sway movement. was used during the design process to help ‘lateral synchronous excitation’ – the bridge’s achieve the architectural aspirations.

45 design notes

Managed flow INSTALLATION AND Traffic congestion affects cities worldwide and Melbourne is no COORDINATION OF exception. The AUS$1bn Monash-CityLink-West Gate upgrade project is putting in place a Freeway Management System (FMS), designed to help manage the flow of traffic. Arup’s work on the delivery strategy and technical specifications of the new FMS has 64RAMP set the precedent for similar projects in other Australian states. METERING SITES n The AUS $1bn Monash-CityLink-West Delivering an integrated system Gate project involves upgrades to the main 75 The size and scope of the upgrade project kilometre east-west arterial network through posed considerable challenges for the Arup Melbourne and will increase capacity by up project team, not least the large number of to 55%. This will be achieved by adding an stakeholders. Arup actively engaged with these additional lane in either direction on the most stakeholders to consider their needs from both congested section of the freeway and by using an operations and maintenance perspective in Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) as part of order to ensure the FMS works seamlessly and, a new Freeway Management System (FMS). from the user’s perspective, invisibly. By adding information and communication technology to the existing transport Two agencies operate the freeway infrastructure, ITS provides a cost-effective corridor: CityLink, the private toll road solution to help keep traffic flowing. operator, and VicRoads. A centre-to-centre interface is therefore vital to the successful The aim of the FMS is to improve the safety implementation of the project, as this will and efficiency of the Monash and West enable efficient, reliable and coordinated Gate freeways by reducing travel times operations between the two agencies. For and managing congestion, in particular example, if a collision occurs on a section congestion where the freeways meet the of freeway managed by VicRoads, CityLink privately operated tolled tunnels. operations will be notified automatically so their systems can respond accordingly. Arup was contracted to develop the delivery strategy and produce the technical Timely delivery of the project has been a key specifications for all FMS elements including consideration. By reducing congestion and the central control system at the Melbourne increasing the traffic throughput to the freeways VicRoads Traffic Management Centre. and privately operated CityLink tollroads – the benefits of the FMS, in conjunction with the upgrade works – will outweigh the initial capital expenditure over time.

Arup’s technical specifications have become part of the client’s standard for procuring ITS devices and Arup’s work has set the precedent for similar projects in other Australian states.

46 Project Name Monash–City Link– Location Melbourne, Australia Client VicRoads West Gate Upgrade Project design notes

South ern Link

West Gate Freeway

The Network Traffic Management System REDUCE PEAK PERIOD is designed to be a fully scalable central TRAvEL TIMES Monash freeway control system, and bY UP TO provide an operator interface to all the 50% FMS devices. The largest coordinated ramp-m etering sch em e in utility company POS fibre splice point th e South ern Hemisph ere point of supply The project includes a ramp-metering

system that controls the rate and flow field cabinet of traffic entering the freeway, based on real-time traffic conditions. This involves cabinet power distribution converter the installation and coordination of 64 ramp-metering sites, each with closed- circuit television, traffic signals and signal network controllers, wireless vehicle detection switch systems and variable message signs, as well as the associated infrastructure. Wireless access point and repeater ramp CCTV field signal encoder processor Detection devices along the freeway controller monitor the flow and volume of traffic and send information to control systems; traffic signals positioned on the on-ramps adjust the red ‘stop’ phase accordingly. Significantly, coordinated ramp metering, operating with other ramps rather than OR Rate of vehicles in isolation, can better prevent traffic- entering the freeway flow breakdown. is managed based changeable message signs on real-time traffic conditions. A hybrid communication system Traffic volume is measured and ‘stop’ To accommodate the varying requirements wireless vehicle phase of ramp signal detection sensors for ITS devices along the freeway, Arup CCTV is set accordingly. proposed a hybrid communication system. A fixed, internet-based fibre-optic network will be used as the base transmission medium, with wireless communications used to extend motorway traffic the fixed network into areas where investing in long runs of cable is not cost effective.

Client VicRoads 47 design notes

Averting flood isk

Significant changes to the landscape, such as a new housing development, can make an area susceptible to flooding. Arup’s integrated hydraulic simulation model accurately predicts flood risk for any given area based on new or changing conditions. The model can be used in a number of ways and is a powerful decision-making tool for planners.

n Following severe flooding in the UK in 2007, a sustainable drainage system upstream of Composite model surface water management has become a the existing town that they were confident showing combined one- and two- pressing issue for the government. Arup’s would avert any downstream flood risk. dimensional elements integrated water catchment model analyses including a fully flood risk by looking at an urban area as an The model can be used to run ‘what if’ interactive river model (shown in yellow). interlinked and interconnected model. It does scenarios. Arup analysed the flood risk of a this in great detail and with great flexibility, number of proposed development options and simultaneously allowing for multi-directional determined appropriate solutions to potential water flows. surface water issues. In the case of Mullingar, they also determined that extreme weather Arup used the model to study a new events would inundate some of the access development project in Mullingar, west of Dublin, roads to the regional hospital, prompting the Ireland. The area has a history of flooding need to look at contingency plans. and the Westmeath County Council wanted to understand the impact of a proposed new Arup plans to use this model to look at housing development to the north of the town. increasingly larger areas. It can be used, for example, to measure the impact of Arup’s findings will help the Council make climate change on flood risk. With surface critical decisions about how to move the water management high on the UK development forward. As an adjunct to the Government’s agenda, interest is also modelling work, the team was able to propose high in such a flexible, scalable model.

48 Project Name Robinstown Surface Location Mullingar, Ireland Client Westmeath County Council Water Management Plan Proposed water Existing water to remain Point of water connection Proposed Recycled water Point of Recycled water connection Recycled water to irrigate agricultural land Every drop Recycled water to irrigate PUC landscaping counts Recycled water

A development provides more homes without increasing water demand

When Pacific Union College promised that a Existing wells small development in California’s Napa Valley would not increase net water demand, it seemed too good to be true. But Arup’s sustainability and water management strategy for the project 27%REDUCTION IN GROUNDWATER USED achieves just this.

n California’s Napa Valley is home to February 2009, making the Napa systems. The thermal properties of an Key many of the best known wineries in Valley’s water supply, derived existing nearby reservoir will be used Reservoir the USA. Viticulture has shaped the exclusively from groundwater, a major to heat and cool buildings on the site percolation landscape, which from the air is issue for wineries, municipalities and via a recycled water pipe network. Reservoir a patchwork of vineyards stitched residents alike. A proposed new The proposed development introduces evaporation losses together by a smattering of small development immediately prompted alternative water sources such as Agricultural towns. Highly susceptible to water concerns among the local business spring water, recycled wastewater and irrigation shortages, the state is currently community about water demand. rainwater harvesting. When combined Landscape suffering a three-year drought. with water reduction measures, irrigation Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger Angwin Ecovillage, however, embodies conventional residential potable usage Potable water issued sanctions on water use in smart development. It is a community is halved. Wastewater gets a second demand that brings a range of environmental, chance – 100% of it is used in outdoor social and economic benefits with landscaping and irrigation. Proposed developm ent few of the attendant disadvantages of a conventional development. The bigger picture is impressive too. water demand Indeed, the projected water demands The compact development sits on a nalysis of the village are just 17% of current just 24 hectares of land, only a quarter

Water use Water (gallons per month) water demand. Arup’s analysis and of which is new development. It offers 55,000,000 projections show that even this residents the opportunity to enjoy a 50,000,000 additional demand can be met easily highly sustainable lifestyle with shuttles 45,000,000 through more water conservation to surrounding towns and extensive 40,000,000

35,000,000 strategies and efficiencies in the cycle-path networks. As part of the

30,000,000 community. The result is more homes agreement, it will virtually eliminate 25,000,000 for local workers, college staff and the possibility of future housing 20,000,000 students without any net increase development outside the university 15,000,000 in water use for the area overall. campus and permanently preserve 10,000,000 approximately 605 hectares 5,000,000 Arup’s ingenuity is on display in the of agricultural and prime forest land harmony between the water and energy for the enjoyment of all.

Project Name Angwin Ecovillage Location Angwin (Napa Valley), Client Pacific Union College and Triad Communities 49 California, USA A playful crossing

A new footbridge in Portugal is full of surprises

Bridges tend to be functional entities: they have a specific goal, to provide a crossing over an obstacle such as a river, valley or a road. But the Pedro and Inês Bridge, a pedestrian crossing over the River Mondego in Coimbra, Portugal, challenges the preconceptions of what a bridge is. It invites all who cross it to take a more leisurely approach and to experience the bridge as a destination in itself.

n The design of the Pedro and Inês doesn’t meet in the middle. Designers shift laterally with the result that Bridge, a footbridge in Coimbra, deliberately created this impression the walkway zig-zags above. This Portugal, reflects a desire to study to raise questions about what is cut-and-shift creates a wide lateral the relationship between form and structurally possible. They also footprint and gives the bridge stability; structure. Arup’s Advanced Geometry wanted to add an element of surprise it also creates a central plaza that has Unit (AGU) has an unconventional and playfulness to the experience of become a place where people meet. approach to design that embraces crossing the footbridge. geometry as the starting point for The bridge is a lightweight structure generating unusual structures. Designed by Arup’s AGU in made of steel plate. In spite of the The highly innovative new footbridge collaboration with Portuguese unconventional design it is structurally lives up to this design intent. structural engineer António Adão da very efficient, and this efficiency Fonseca, the footbridge challenges adds to the elegance of the finished With the Coimbra crossing, the conventional notions of bridges and construction. continuous, straight sight lines of is a departure from tradition. a traditional bridge are deliberately The balustrade that lines the broken. From many vantage points, The bridge deck is ‘cut’ at its midpoint walkway brings to mind stained glass an illusion is created that the bridge – the two halves of the bridge plate windows, with coloured glass held

50 Project Name Coimbra Location Portugal Client AFA Consultores De Engenharialda “A completely new and interesting experience of the river and the surrounding landscapes”

António Adão da Fonseca of AFA

From many vantage points, this provides structural stiffness But the real achievement of the bridge an illusion is created that while creating a sense of movement. is that it moves beyond functional the bridge doesn’t meet The pattern in the balustrade is architecture to become an experience in the middle. Designers actually very simple, as it contains and a destination in itself. just four distinct shapes, but the deliberately created random repetition of these and the this impression to raise use of four different colours for the questions about what is glass make the end result visually structurally possible. rich, in spite of its simplicity.

The bridge extends beyond the together within a steel framework. riverbank and roots itself into the Each segment catches and diffracts landscape of the parks that front sunlight, creating a multi-coloured along both sides of the river, so the The bridge is not pattern on the wooden decking. The pedestrian’s experience of the bridge purely functional, balustrade also folds on itself and begins before the actual river crossing but intended as an becomes three-dimensional; and continues beyond its end. experience.

51 Simple complexity

Overcoming complex challenges to create a dramatic structure

The Serpentine Gallery Summer Pavilion n The Summer Pavilion is an annual typology of the Pavilion as well as installation sets an ambitious schedule: commission organised by the Serpentine providing engineering and specialist Gallery to bring the work of a renowned design. The choice of materials was conception to completion in just six architect – one who has not yet built an intrinsic part of the interpretation months. The technical complexity of the in England – to London’s Kensington of the design with a strong emphasis Gardens. The Pavilion is in built form on the massive timber frames 2008 Pavilion, by renowned architect and stands for just three months. The because of their rustic quality. From Frank Gehry, required a seamless and 2008 Pavilion marked Arup’s seventh a structural perspective, however, year of design collaboration, one that these raw timber sections were unified approach from the Arup team continues in 2009 with the Japanese unable to support the weight of the to meet the stringent deadline. architects, SANAA. building. To resolve this, the timber concealed a steel frame that provided With just six months from concept to the necessary support without completed construction, the design compromising the desired aesthetic. process for the Summer Pavilion is always a challenge. Within this tight The roof comprised nine timber- timeframe Arup needed to create a and-glass canopies set at different structural form that was true to Gehry’s heights and angles, giving the aesthetic vision, while creating an Pavilion a dynamic appearance. They efficient and stable solution. posed the biggest design challenge because of their natural tendency Arup evaluated design strategies, to sway under their own weight. choice of materials and structural To remedy this, the canopies were

52 Project Name Serpentine Gallery Location London, UK Client Serpentine Gallery Trust Summer Pavilion 2008 Ticketape scribble font

The building was pieced together on site like a complex Caption Body copy Caption 3D jigsaw puzzle. Caption Caption

braced together in key locations, Pavilion has a practical purpose, The design had very tight tolerances Massive timber creating sufficient stiffness to prevent so the building had to be a fully and accuracy of construction was vital frames give the seemingly movement. This and the organisation accessible public space and provide to guarantee that the building would random structure of the supporting hangers kept the protection from the elements. behave as expected. The structure a rustic quality. elements in the structure stable: In Acoustically, it was imperative that was fabricated in Switzerland and reality the elements that look random it performed well as a number of Germany directly from the computer in the finished structure are actually live events and performances were models – this ensured that the modular positioned very strategically based planned for its three-month stay in components of the building fitted on Maxwell’s equation, a simple Kensington Gardens. together perfectly on site. engineering principle. The Pavilion teams were widely The Pavilion called upon many areas of The complex network of overlapping dispersed: the architects were expertise within Arup. The firm worked glass canopies created a fragmented based in the United States, the with the Serpentine Gallery to secure view of the sky and at night gave the fabricators in Europe, and the planning permission; addressed health effect of a lantern glowing – this was Arup team in London. This made and safety, and access issues; solved an important part of the Gehry concept accurate communication and fire engineering, acoustic and lighting and this effect was interpreted and coordinated design essential in order challenges; and overcame structural and orchestrated by Arup’s lighting team. to meet the strict deadline. This was technical engineering issues. The project accomplished via the exchange of 3D also required rigorous management by The central walkway, which led to design models. In addition, a Light the Serpentine Gallery project leader the Gallery itself, also served as Detection And Ranging survey gave the to meet the timescales, but it was a performance space, with tiered architectural designers a true spatial delivered on time and the result was an seating on either side. The Summer picture of the site. impressive and dramatic structure.

53 Feast for the senses

A 1,000-seat recital hall with an intimate feel

The recital hall has accommodated The success of a new building is often determined by how well the a wide range of musical performance public takes to its external aesthetic. Performance halls, by contrast, styles in its opening season. are often judged from within. Since its opening in February 2009, the new Melbourne Recital Centre, with its 1,000-seat Elisabeth Murdoch Hall, has delighted audiences, musicians and performers alike and put the city firmly on the map for touring top performers.

n From the start, the Elisabeth Murdoch the space long before it was built. This reflects the soaring cathedral spaces Hall was conceived as an acoustically gave the design team and the client for which it was composed; individual stunning building. Designers passed confidence in the design even as it was notes blend together and are enhanced over various geometric options in being developed. Visually arresting, the by the spectacular reverberation and favour of an entirely contemporary swirling design that is etched into the resonance. Much contemporary music, interpretation of the classic shoe- hoop pine cladding of the walls and by contrast, is written for electric guitar box shape of traditionally-successful ceiling has a vital acoustic function, or percussion and requires amplification, concert hall interiors. From the diffusing and directing sound evenly outside, the building’s white concrete throughout the space. The effect is an Any recital hall, in its pure form, is façade evokes a packing case, with acoustic and architectural experience purpose-built for small ensemble polystyrene cladding protecting that has been likened by concert-goers music. However the team created a something precious within. to “being inside a Stradivarius”. suite of low-tech but effective tools to customise the space, including a set The shape of the performance space A challenge for any performance space of fabric banners that can be lowered itself maximises the depth of sound. is to accommodate music from different to manipulate sound absorption and Arup used its SoundLab, a room in eras and with different performance reverberation levels to accommodate which the acoustic performance of any characteristics. The delicate pizzicato a range of other music styles. With building can be experienced before that characterises early chamber music several musicians on the team, Arup’s it is built, to demonstrate what string for the harpsichord or clavichord is lost if acousticians shared an easy rapport quartets, chamber orchestras and the listener cannot hear each individual with the performers, whose feedback solo instruments would sound like in note. Music from the romantic period informed the design process.

54 Project Name Melbourne Recital Centre Location Melbourne, Australia Client Major Projects Victoria The colours represent the differing depths of sound diffusion in Arup’s swirling design.

+ 90

+ 210

+ 300

+ 23

+ 44

+ 65

Quiet by design

Visitors to Melbourne, Australia are often charmed by the city’s tram system, which provides efficient and low-carbon transport in the city. Arup’s acoustic designers were less enamoured by the vibrations caused; they posed the single biggest challenge to the hall’s acoustic integrity. When Arup’s geotechnical engineers sank a Pulloutseries of 20-30 metre deep boreholes Arup’s acoustic early on to test soil conditions, Arup’s designers acoustic designers took the chance to Th e 1,000-seat recital hall provides measure tram vibrations at bedrock Melbourne with a world-class level, on which the building piles would performance space eventually sit. They analysed the vibration levels for their potential to propagate into the building structure.

The team used Arup’s SoundLab, a self-contained auralisation studio to The opening season of Elisabeth The swirling design demonstrate the effect of tram-induced Murdoch Hall featured opera and serves a vital acoustic vibration noise on a musical performance, with and without structural isolation. The chamber music. It also boasted a function, diffusing and traditional Chinese mouth organist, analysis and auralisation prompted the and an unusual, meditative glass directing sound evenly decision to isolate the hall structure on percussion performance. No other throughout the space. giant steel springs that act as shock space could have done justice to this absorbers to block tram vibrations entirely. broad range of musical styles. That This structural isolation – simplified as a the Elisabeth Murdoch Hall did so is ‘box’ floating within a ‘box’ – gives the testament to its acoustic design. hall its uncanny, characteristic quietness.

55 A coherent vision

A modern homeland rooted in sustainable values

The Heart of Doha development aims n The Heart of Doha is a unique in conjunction with the client and to attract Qataris back into their capital opportunity to regenerate the core of inspired by a series of sustainable the city as a place to live and work, and design objectives. headingcity, with an inspiring sustainable to reflect both the history and growing urban lifestyle and a renewed sense international importance of Doha. Strategically placed close to the historic Mixed-use developments are unusual origins of Doha, the development will of community. It will also set a in Qatar as Qataris typically live outside comprise around 200 buildings, which will creative new approach to inner-city the city centre. By contrast the Heart of offer top-quality office accommodation development in the Gulf region. Doha development will create a highly and a range of luxury apartments. It will desirable urban district of lasting value also offer convenience and high-class to the people of Qatar. shopping, leisure, entertainment and cultural facilities, mosques, and excellent Arup has led the masterplanning and schools, all within easy walking distance. technical concepts for this new 760,000 square metre district, with The plan envisions eight distinct local subconsultants EDAW and Allies and areas, each with its own defining mix of Morrison. Arup took a unique approach residential, commercial and community by developing a comprehensive set of buildings. The areas are further sustainable development guidelines characterised by a shift from low-rise and an implementation strategy to fully buildings in the north, to high-rise – define the project at the outset – to 20 to 30 storeys – in the south. This enable both its delivery and the long- design decision also serves a practical term custodianship of the development. purpose; the gradual rise in building Cool breeze is captured These have been underpinned by a height captures the cool sea breezes and brought into interiors clear vision for the project established to best effect. and courtyards

Modern interpretation of a wind catch er

56 Project Name Heart of Doha Detailed Location Doha, Qatar Client DohaLand Masterplan and Associated Services

Wide top building profile to The buildings will minimise sun exposure and incorporate high Temperate climate Gulf climate maximise shade in hot climate sustainability performance

North while elaborating on Orientate urban blocks to channel traditional forms and north-south cool breeze methods of dealing with Closely positioned building blocks the aggressive climate. to create cool and shaded pathways South

The familiar steel and glass of many The development applied for outline The ten-year programme of building, modern cities is to be set aside in planning permission as a first stage in which is due to start in 2009, is favour of elaborate stonework and the planning process and the result is intended to create a lasting endowment beautiful piazzas. The buildings a coherent vision for the entire district. for the city and to give Doha a distinct will incorporate high sustainability The merits of this approach have been identity that celebrates its heritage. performance while elaborating on recognised and it is hoped they will be traditional forms and methods of adopted as the standard in Qatar for dealing with the aggressive climate planning public projects. In addition, in Qatar. In summer, temperatures the project introduced sustainable Morrison and Allies © top 50°C and Qataris tend to head to development to Qatar, and the Qatar Europe to escape the intense heat. Green Building Council has now The Arup team was keen to create been established. a comfortable outdoor environment, and one that could be enjoyed for Arup developed, in parallel with the a greater portion of the year. masterplan, a detailed infrastructure design for the Qatar Foundation. Closely spaced structures with internal Primary roads, traffic circulation and and external shaded courtyards, as an underground road system for well as colonnades, fountains and deliveries and utilities have all have other water features, all serve to cool been considered. Subterranean the outside space. In addition, the servicing facilities, extensive courtyards are to be built subtly lower underground car-parking and smart than the surrounding buildings to catch waste collection will all contribute the spillover from the air-conditioned to the aesthetics of the new district, space inside the buildings and create by making the area above ground a ‘cool pool’. less congested. © Mossessian & Partners & Mossessian ©

57 Schools for all seasons

Three new schools take pride of place in their local communities

Schools hold a mirror up to the communities they serve. Three of Arup’s recent eco-schools while very different from each other, fit perfectly into their localities. A new green primary school campus in Devon epitomises the environmental awareness of its parental and local community. The new Newport High School building in Wales opens its doors to adult learners and local residents and leaves behind a troubled past. A primary school in the Scottish Highlands has been embraced by locals as a green icon for the way it uses occupants’ body heat to stay warm.

58 onto a garden area and outside outside and area onto agarden opens classroom each corridors; conventional by connected not are They site. rural 2.1 hectare school’s the in to astream next nestle classrooms of wooden Clusters itself. in tool learning a is that building a has heart, its at environment the to put determined is which school, The sustainability. to commitment and approach its forward-looking reflects that building of anew ownership take to is School Primary Dartington approach ofthecommunityitserves. tolearning the environmental awareness andhands-on A newlow-energy schoolinDevonepitomises Project Name Project D artington Primary School Dartington Primary Dartington Primary School Primary Dartington of comm ercial hot water hot ercial comm of supplies supplies energy Solar Location maximise daylight. maximise to as well as effectiveness their to enhance calculated is itself pitch roof the and roofs the on mounted are arrays Photovoltaic control. climate energy-hungry for need the reducing ventilated, naturally are and winter in loss heat to minimise insulated highly are They onsite. assembled and offsite pre-fabricated are that structures wooden individual are buildings The buildings. to between move outside go must Children space. 40 Dartington,Devon, UK %

Client sustainable school. school. sustainable energy, alow to is provide aim ultimate the when –essential consumption water manage and to oversee scheme amonitoring designed Arup use. water monitor and view easily can children so awindow features cistern Each cisterns. toilet into the directly roof the from water the to filter pumps, mechanical not gravity, uses system rainwater The roofs. classroom the for system harvesting rainwater passive anovel developed Arup water, of potable To use the minimise WhiteDesignAssociates

N ewport High School full-size hockey A new secondary school building and ugby fields helps to restore community pride.

Few will miss the dilapidated old This area of Newport, Wales, has a controlled lighting, ventilation and Bettws Secondary School building higher than average proportion of heating are programmed to be utilised when it is demolished. Thanks to the students qualifying for free school only when necessary and are simple for best of passive design and modern meals, a traditional indicator of poverty. teachers and caretakers to use. technologies, the replacement The old school building was set back building that will open in October from the road, making it easy prey for Although the economic downturn has 2009 as Newport High School will vandals. By contrast, the new school tightened budgets, the council has use 25% less energy than required by building is designed to be secure, not deviated from its original vision of Building Regulations. Its facilities will fronting onto a well lit road, with active an energy-efficient, low-maintenance be enjoyed by the whole community, security measures in place to the rear. school. Newport High School is the first with adult education classes in secondary school in Wales to achieve an the community hall and excellent The school is oriented to capitalise Excellent rating from the environmental sporting facilities open to public use on the sun’s heat and to use natural assessment body BREEAM. With two outside school hours, including a light as much as possible, which also further replacement schools planned for 25 metre pool and two floodlit promotes a healthy learning environment Newport, the school is a blueprint for outdoor pitches. for students and teachers. Sensor- future success.

Project Name Newport High School Location Bettws, Newport, Gwent, Wales Client Newport City Council A wind turbine is expected to produce KILOWATT 12,000 hours of energy a year © David Wylie Scotland Graphics

Acharacle Primary School The Highland Council’s unwavering kilowatt hours a year of energy – Arup used computer modelling to commitment to sustainable design for a plenty for the school’s IT and minimal optimise the position of roof lights, heating purposes. Arup worked with windows and key reflective surfaces remote Scottish primary school has paid off. GAIA Architects to ensure that the that make the most of available light. school would lose only a fifth of the Each classroom has operable windows heat lost by a conventional building. and doors to allow in more light and air. 1. Timber panels On a cool mid-April day, a Scottish If the temperature becomes too high, with integral insulation are classroom containing four people, In fact, the building is the most high-level windows open automatically. slotted together one laptop and a PC is checking in airtight building ever measured in on site. at a heady 21ºC on the classroom the UK, thanks to the pre-fabricated The school’s green credentials are

2. LED display thermometer. The temperature in mass timber system from Austria, a source of considerable local pride. of environmental the room is maintained only by a which fits together like giant timber Children are keen to point to the performance. combination of body heat and the lego. They are held together with LED displays in each classroom that heat by-product of the computers. wooden dowelling, which is treated show temperature, relative humidity, This is sustainable design in action to reduce its moisture content to just light levels and carbon dioxide at a remote primary school in the ten percent. Once slid into place, concentration. Educational in itself, Scottish Highlands. the dowelling swells as it absorbs the data presented daily to students moisture from the air and grips the will also allow Arup to monitor A wind turbine on a nearby hillside is panels together without the need for and fine tune the school’s energy expected to produce around 12,000 chemical binding. efficiency even further.

Project Name Acharacle Primary School Location Lochaber, Scotland Client The Highland Council All wrapped up

A vertical campus like no other

In Tokyo, the only way to give over 10,000 students a spacious campus in which to study was to build skywards. The curvaceous MODE GAKUEN Cocoon Tower is a distinctive addition to the city’s skyline and a significant achievement in this highly seismic area.

60 Project Name Mode Gakuen Location Tokyo, Japan Client Tange Associates Cocoon Tower ND access and facilities 2 TALLEST student salons EDUCATIONAL bUILDING IN THE WORLD An inspiring environment

ACCOMMODATES A typical floor has three classrooms and a triple-height atrium with uninterrupted views across the city 10,000 for relaxation. The classroom floor classrooms STUDENTS beams support the floor loads, and connect the diagrid horizontally with the building’s inner core, so providing further stability to the diagrid frames. Double-arched truss beams at each 1. The steel floor level in the atria support the 20 diagrid system metre-wide glazed panels and help to helps resist side forces. resist wind pressure. Storey heights are such that the diagrid members intersect 2. Typical floor at the same angle on each floor. This section showing location of viscous allows the steel and exterior cladding dampers on units to be simplified and manufactured vierendeel beam. less expensively. The building’s diagrid

3. Hovering space skeleton is exposed in the classrooms. and gondola There are no suspended ceilings, just Caption hanger (showing simple and elegant exposed steel Caption Caption

n When Tange Associates won an Arup and local contractor Shimizu Tall buildings in Tokyo are required architectural competition with a took up the challenge. As there is to provide hovering space for a cocoon-shaped, vertical campus for no vertical column in the building’s helicopter and an exterior cleaning Mode Gakuen in Tokyo, it was on perimeter, the team came up with a system. For the tapering tower, a condition that it found a contractor who steel ‘diagrid’ structure, which helps flat space on top was out of the would guarantee the scheme within the the structure to resist horizontal question, so the team designed a defined budget. forces such as earthquakes or wind. retractable roof at the building’s Although conceptually simple, it is apex, which accommodates a Curved structures have a reputation geometrically complex. Arup used 3D helicopter and a floor for a gondola. The tower for being more expensive to construct computer modelling techniques to detail achieved cult status in the than classical rectangular buildings. the connections between the steel MODE GAKUEN Cocoon Tower blogosphere. Certainly, Tange found Japanese members – typically seven on each welcomed its first students in general contractors reluctant to node – which characterise the building. October 2008, by which time it take responsibility for the building’s had already acquired cult status. construction without simplifying the The team introduced dampers to It captured the imagination of people structural system, which would have absorb the seismic energy of an in Tokyo, who photographed its compromised the design. The curved earthquake. By reducing the seismic progress through construction shape of the tower made structural force entering the structure by 30%, and posted it online. The densely analysis challenging. The challenge was the amount of steel used in the developed Nishi-Shinjuku district magnified here, since Japan is a highly building could also be reduced, with of Tokyo is home to many high-rise seismic zone. accompanying cost savings. buildings – but none like this.

PERSON YEARS’ temporary construction work irtual design irtual

the briefing process with suppliers. briefing process the also included Detailed 3D models were in the brief sent to the China-based the and as a result granite supplier, granite for the canal basins was ‘made to fit’, considerably delivered material waste. reducing v to A 3D solid-shape model proved as a asset to the project be a great communication tool and as a means It was used to save time and money. options to the and present to explore the design, to assist client, to refine with construction on site, to assist with toolbox talks, and to support 187

© David Millington Photography Millington David © British Waterways – National Regeneration Directorate British Waterways Client Leeds & Leeds Liverpool Canal Canning Dock Stanley Dock Stanley lock flight Princes Half Half Princes Dock Tide Princes Dock Princes Albert Dock Pier Head Liverpool, UK

Location Liverpool Canal Link

ProjectName The Leeds & Liverpool Canal finally lives lives finally Canal Liverpool & Leeds The kilometreup to its name, with a new 2.25 Leeds all the link that brings boats from Pier Head and Albert way to Liverpool’s Heritage Site. By increasing Dock World regenerate canal traffic it is helping to run that boroughs the reenergise and along the canal corridor. A new canal link regenerates the boroughs of Liverpool The missing link The missing 62

per year

The new Canal The new Canal Link will act as for a catalyst in regeneration the surrounding bringing area, increased recreation and amenity resources, and social and community benefits. EXTRA vISITORS

£1.9m to thto e waterfront spending approximately 200,000

the historical findings, and these findings, and these the historical and along with photographs records the story have captured laser scans that lay behind of the craftsmanship old docks the construction of the and river walls. the development the cost of reduce To Arup impact, and its environmental as to make the link itself proposed as practicable, while keeping narrow This would limit the canal basins wide. the through the amount of construction waste to old dock walls and minimise the site. This involved from be removed operating new a agreeing and reviewing strategy with British Waterways. The Canal Link supports not only of partner organisations the desire Liverpool the and restore to revitalise and Central Docks but it will waterfront also act as a catalyst for the economic of the canal corridor regeneration by dramatically Merseyside through the boat movements on the increasing section of canal between 40 kilometre Liverpool and Wigan. © David Millington Photography Millington David ©

and restaurants 4,500 including private, hire, including hire, private,

through th e canal corridor and integrates with it seamlessly. Arup’s Arup’s with it seamlessly. and integrates between the a balance design creates line the public spaces that water and of the new canal its banks. The granite befitting quality, basins is of the highest Heritage World waterfront the site’s evokes status. The granite deliberately mass of stone the size, shape and helping the south docks, used around to blend it into the landscape. many from The River Mersey is visible Pier that lead down to of the streets a seafaring cityHead, a vital aspect of that dates back to the days when ship owners needed to know at a glance if their ship had docked or been unloaded. these unobstructed views Preserving lot of complex geometry a created within the canal design. Anything solid – tunnel portals, parapets and balustrades – had to be carefully lines. aligned with the existing street Liverpool is a city steeped in maritime history and the excavation of the site An became a journey of discovery. was on hand to record archaeologist bOAT TRIPS PER YEAR TRIPS PER YEAR bOAT PROPERTY vALUES PROPERTY in Increase NET

Liverpool’s Pier Head and Albert Pier Head and Liverpool’s The Liverpool Canal Link adds a 2.25 2.25 a adds Link Canal Liverpool The of inland waterway to stretch kilometre the Leeds & Liverpool Canal bringing it into the heart of the city of Liverpool and finally giving boaters a flagship reason meaningful destination and attractive route an Now it. use to canal will help choice, the revitalised that run the boroughs to regenerate injecting life into the along its corridor, The new local economy in the process. the its way through waterway threads of Pier Head publicly accessible area Arup was involved in the project from from the project Arup was involved in stage and its design development and a range of engineering provided specialist services. Dock area form part of the city’s World World of the city’s form part Dock area and have as its backdrop Heritage Site Liver Graces: the the iconic Three the and Building Cunard the Building, It now hasPort of Liverpool Building. into visitors more draw to way new a arrive in a ratherits midst, but they will boat. canal by – fashion leisurely more n

£3.3m additional value gross added Enhancements to the way buildings are used by their occupants can result in significant savings for companies, often with a surprisingly low cost attached to their implementation. Arup is helping clients tackle the energy and performance issues that have the biggest impact on their bottom line, saving money and reducing their carbon footprint in the process.

Peak performance

Arup assists businesses to optimise building performance

n When Australia Post, the government- measures have been identified, the owned postal service, approached next natural question is which Arup to improve the sustainability measures should be implemented? performance of its substantial building portfolio as part of the company’s FIT helps answer this question, but it ‘Green Building Strategy’, it came does so in the context of a company’s prepared with several years of own objectives. The advantage of environmental data on hand. Energy FIT is that it is fully customisable. An that are performing poorly, the financial costs, water usage, and levels of waste organisation can decide on its own implication of any proposed changes had all been diligently recorded. criteria for evaluating and prioritising and the impact of these changes on efficiency measures, and these factors targets. Buildings can then be targeted When the Arup team began to can be weighted in the decision- appropriately for refurbishment on a review and consolidate the mass of making process. As a result, suggested rolling basis. information they quickly realised that performance strategies are prioritised a business tool would greatly assist according to a client’s requirements. The work with Australia Post has been the processing and analysis of the instrumental in the tool’s development, data and the decision-making that Some of the proposed building but FIT has now found a broader would follow. changes are very inexpensive to application: it has already been put into practice and a cost-benefit adapted for use in the UK and has It is out of this work that Arup’s analysis enables the optimisation of the great potential to assist businesses Financial Impact Tool (FIT) has been bundling and timing of interventions. in making their operations more developed. Once a baseline audit For an organisation with a large cost-effective and sustainable in a has been carried out on a building’s property portfolio to maintain, it time of constant and increasing performance, and potential remedial enables the identification of buildings financial pressure.

64 Project Name Financial Impact Tool Location Australia and UK Client Australia Post Sustainable building fram ework

Improving building performance Energy Reduction Assessing energy usage 24%

Time Equities Inc. Arup’s energy audit at Time Equities Inc. led to the identification of 13 energy efficiency measures that will save $295,000 in utility costs in the first year, 40% of current annual spend. The measures will reduce site energy intensity by 24% and provide Time Equities Inc. with approximately Low-cost solutions 17 points towards certification under the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED®) for Existing Buildings.

Energy efficiency are now available for organisations to Pfizer measures that make improve their operating efficiencies. Arup worked with Pfizer to identify and implement energy conservation sound business sense Against this backdrop, Arup uses its measures at its California research knowledge of the built environment facility. This has resulted in savings Arup has been working with a growing – and more specifically, of building of $1m per year with a simple number of clients in the US to help them mechanical systems, such as HVAC and payback period of less than six to understand the energy performance lighting – to audit a client’s operations months and a reduction in CO2 of of their portfolio of existing buildings. and recommend measures to improve 5,000 tonnes each year. The work has a clear economic driver: energy efficiency. A key part of the With rising energy costs, any related model is gauging return on investment savings can have a big impact on – measures are only proposed if they profitability. And in the current economic make sound business sense. climate any measures to help improve Cost savings profitability can also help recession- The work carried out has not been proof a business. sector-specific either. To date it has encompassed the education, healthcare Added to this, the shift towards a (which constitutes six percent of all ‘green economy’ is prompting new energy use in the USA), banking and legislation that will require businesses entertainment sectors, among others, Saving to reassess how they manage their and Arup is now starting to work with per year building stock. But the legislation is government organisations. The reality is not just about imposing penalties for financial and performance improvements poor performance. Financial incentives are of benefit to any corporation. $1m © Graham Gaunt

Project Name Delivering financial and performance Location Various locations, USA Client Multiple corporations 65 improvements for corporations of existing of existing

UNDISTURbED Map of Destiny showing planned open space. Over 50 percent of the site will be left undisturbed. wetlands 90% Land Company of Osceola County, LLC Land Company of Osceola County,

techniques to channel rainwater into cisterns for use as and reservoirs needed, leaving the natural water flow patterns untouched. The waterways intersect the site, and working within this layout, Arup the development of 13 proposed separate districts, each one based a distinct urban watershed and around 6,000 households. with approximately The districts will be as self-sufficient as waste, to water, possible with respect and energy infrastructure. home to many The wetlands are such as the bald birds endangered also a major habitat for eagle. They are tortoise, alligator and wild boar. deer, By leaving most of the land undisturbed, and by working sensitively with the Arup is ensuring that this environment, Client

Osceola County, Florida, USA Osceola County,

making it a logical choice for the site. to sustainable approach Arup’s water management fitted well with design principles the environmental of the development and the clients’ commitment to limit the use of The other resources. groundwater the design intent was to preserve existing wetland habitat. Rainwater harvesting was maximised by the use of engineering and design Location Destiny Eco-City Destiny

Destiny is set in 16,700 hectares ofDestiny is set in 16,700 hectares ProjectName ConceptualMasterplan n will sit between two natural watersheds amid a networkwill sit between two natural new the weaves masterplan Arup’s waterways. of the existing environment, development sensitively into a important wetland habitat and creating preserving residents. sustainable landscape for future The planned Destiny development in central FloridaThe planned Destiny development Working sensitively with the environment Water is a defining feature of the Destiny Destiny the of feature defining a is Water a on sit will development The site. of land that runs northeast raised arc to southwest between the watersheds rivers, John St and Kissimmee the of central Florida farmland and forest. forest. and farmland Florida central the very beginning asPlanned from to designed been has it eco-city, an natural its with harmoniously co-exist surroundings.

in wetlands Sustainable planning Sustainable 66

67 set aside for of developed area

WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT RESOURCE MANAGEMENT WATER 25% Planning to promote climate resilience, climate resilience, Planning to promote Sustainable solutions: at at Renewable energy systems to provide Renewable energy systems to provide least 50% of total on-site energy requirements. system that minimises system that minimises A hydrology A hydrology and integrates district- irrigation requirements and scale rainwater harvesting, biofiltration, solutions. and recycling reuse A compact transportation system that A compact transportation system that on mass transit access complemented relies by a publicly available fleet of electric vehicles. and logistics activities and logistics activities recycling recycling Waste, Waste, neighbourhood-level through coordinated utility hubs. climate resilience, Planning to promote to flood mitigation, storm-resistant with respect planning. building and storm recovery

demand

NON-AGRICULTURAL NON-AGRICULTURAL IRRIGATION

ecycled water or water harvestedecycled by r by supply water storm

100% eused on eused site operationally carbon-neutral, its site and building planning, infrastructure of a high degree strategies create respect to energy, self-sufficiency with waste and transportation, water, and aim to synthesise urban and conservation strategies. in part because It is a new type of city, all of its components have been thought out, planned and integrated the outset. from The Destiny masterplan is already drawing worldwide attention. In May 2009, the Clinton Climate Initiative, founded by the former US it as one of recognised President, 16 worldwide ‘founding projects’ Climate Positive under its prestigious Development Program. OF WASTEWATER

treated and r treated 100% Destiny is a prototype for urban Destiny is a prototype development that seeks to control and contain urban sprawl in high- Designed to be environments. growth important habitat is preserved. Arup’s On the economic front, masterplan envisions a pedestrian- friendly community supported by a new and expanding base of clean jobs. technology industry and research Anthony Pugliese CEO, Destiny “Land is our past, our is our past, “Land and our future... present of aspects the all Building and sociological an eco sustainable community is our Destiny.” Designed for earthquakes

Arup's seismic expertise ensures a new airport terminal is protected

The new terminal at Sabiha Gökçen International Airport will be the largest seismically-isolated structure in the world. Arup’s team of seismic experts carried out extensive real-time earthquake simulation to ensure that the new o3bn terminal will be as well protected as possible should an earthquake strike.

n Istanbul is no stranger to completion towards the end of 2009, it earthquakes. It lies over the North will have taken just over 18 months. Anatolian Fault, which runs for 1,500 The Arup structural design team made kilometres between the African and this possible with a fully-coordinated Eurasian tectonic plates. As the African effort from the firm's Istanbul and plate continues its move northwest, Los Angeles offices. the Mediterranean is subject to earthquakes on a regular basis. In 2008, the local building codes did not address design requirements for In order to safeguard the investment seismically-isolated structures, so made by investors Limak, GMR and Arup adopted US building codes as its MAHB, the design and construction baseline, though ultimately the design consortium wanted to ensure the best solutions went far beyond these. possible protection from disaster for the new terminal at Sabiha Gökçen Earthquakes release a tremendous International Airport. As the consortium amount of energy in the form of will own and operate the building for seismic waves. In a conventional, the next 20 years, it also wanted to non-isolated building this energy will build the terminal quickly for a rapid travel up through the rigid structural return on its investment. elements, which then attempt to absorb and dissipate this energy. The schedule for the design and But when the structure reaches its construction of the 200,000 square energy absorption capacity, it will begin metre terminal could well be the to fracture – and if stretched beyond fastest on record in Europe. Due for its deformation limit – it may collapse.

68 Project Name Sabiha Gökçen Location Istanbul, Turkey Client Limak – GMR Joint Venture International Airport Stats And Facts

Arup's seismic expertise ensures a new airport terminal is protected

Superior seismic performance 1. Seismic isolators are made up of concave steel plates with a bearing sandwiched in the middle. This central bearing takes the gravity load of the concrete columns of the structure, allowing the building to move horizontally if the energy coming into the isolator Enter seismic isolators. Their purpose is client complete confidence about exceeds a pre-determinedCaption limit. two-fold: to enable the building to move the building’s seismic performance. Caption in a controlled manner; and to absorb 2. The seismic isolatorsCaption are Caption or dissipate energy from seismic waves. Arup used real-time earthquake positioned at ground level at the Positioned at ground level at the top of simulation, modelling the effect of top of the base columns. Each the base columns, seismic isolators are various ground motion accelerations isolator is 900 millimetres x 900 made up of concave steel plates with a coming into the isolator. To ensure millimetres and allows a lateral bearing sandwiched in the middle. the accuracy of the calculations, movement of 345 millimetres. Arup’s seismic experts checked the The plate surfaces slide easily over response of the building at one- one another and over the bearing in hundredth of a second time intervals. precisely-engineered fashion. This This detailed analysis was then precision is key: the friction level repeated for 14 potential earthquake must be high enough for the building scenarios. The isolator properties to remain stationary if, for example, used in the earthquake simulations there is a strong wind, but allow the were later verified through rigorous building to move in its entirety if there prototype performance testing of is an earthquake. each isolator.

Arup’s ability to determine the All of this work has served to reassure Airside view of the terminal horizontal movements that the isolated the client that, should a major building and gates under building would be able to withstand earthquake strike Istanbul, the Sabiha construction (March 2009). proved invaluable. Through these Gökçen International Airport’s new predictions, Arup was able to give the terminal building will perform well.

69 Futian Station, Sh enzh en

26 KILOMETRE Going underground tu n n e l

A new 26 kilometre tunnel brings Hong Kong and mainland China closer together

A new high-speed rail link connecting Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Guangzhou will reduce journey times from over one and a half hours to 48 minutes.

n The new express rail link between The team soon whittled down a number buildings and other infrastructure, Hong Kong and Guangdong in the of route options to just four. It then threading the route through obstacles heavily industrialised Pearl Delta region assessed the relative merits of each, such as existing rail and drainage is a key infrastructure project for Hong devising a weighted scoring system to tunnels, drainage culverts and Kong. Though there are many existing gauge ease of construction, cost, land foundations. It proved easier to identify road, rail and ferry connections use issues and environmental factors. access points in built-up areas, thanks between the two regions, none are Given that the express trains will travel at to the prevalence of government- especially fast. With the new, 142 up to 200kph in the tunnelled section, owned property or available kilometre high-speed rail link between the straighter the route, the better. unallocated land. Widespread use of Hong Kong and Guangdong’s capital, reclaimed land for urban development Guangzhou, a journey that before The northern half of the Hong Kong in recent decades also made route would take over an hour and a half will section is predominantly rural. Here, selection easier, thanks to more take as little as 48 minutes. the main issue was land purchase. extensive mapping of foundations and There were also environmental factors underground services. The best way to build the Hong to consider, such as the many historic Kong section of the express link was temples in the rural part of Hong Kong. Ultimately, only two routes were feasible to go underground. Arup and joint and one scored better against the venture partners Atkins were asked As if this wasn’t enough to consider, relevant criteria. The chosen route had to identify and evaluate the route the tunnels are required to pass under significantly less impact on residential alignment options for a 26 kilometre the 950 metre high Tai Mo Shan buildings, had more surface land tunnel between a new terminus in Mountain. Arup modified the route to available for construction, and simplified West Kowloon and the Shenzhen minimise the tunnel length, but even so, the tunnelling works. The team focused boundary at Huanggang. The firm’s the obstacle meant a seven kilometre on developing the scheme to bring tunnelling experts needed to balance separation between access points. down construction costs. practicality with environmental and land issues: an underground tunnel The challenges were different in the As one of the longest railway tunnels in of such length needs plenty of land south where the route passes through the world, the underground section is for the construction works, and for the urban areas of Kowloon. The team an engineering feat in itself. The rail link ventilation, safety and maintenance had to minimise the impact of tunnelling will help Hong Kong to retain a leading access points along the route. and construction work on existing role in the regional economy.

70 Project Name Guangzhou-Shenzhen- Location Hong Kong, China Client MTR Corporation Limited Hong Kong Express Rail Link tu n n e l 55 Stats And Facts

A sub-terranean fire-fighting cavern

What happens if fire breaks out on board a train? Safety is the paramount consideration for any tunnel, but one so long and deep needed special consideration. Arup’s fire experts designed an open-air emergency rescue station, sited roughly halfway 100,000 between Hong Kong and the first Chinese station. This is used both for journeys are made each day evacuation of passengers in the event of an emergency, and for fighting a train-borne fire. Body copy The 500 metre x 25 metre wide and 20 metre deep open-air box gives a fire-stricken train an escape from the main track. Once the train pulls into 957METRE the rescue station, its passengers can be evacuated and the fire-fighters Tai Mo Shan can deal with the fire in relative safety, away from the tunnel.

200KPH

Hong Kong Island

71 Cert no. SGS-COC-O620

Printed by Beacon Press using their environmental print technology. The printing inks are made from vegetable based oils, 95% of cleaning solvents are recycled for further use and no harmful industrial alcohol is used in the printing process. The electricity was generated from 100% renewable sources and on average 98% of any dry waste associated with this production will be diverted from landfill. Beacon is certificated to Environmental Management System, ISO 14001 and registered to EMAS, the Eco Management and Audit Scheme.

ISBN no: 978-0-9516602-4-9

A glimpse into Arup’s creative world

Design Yearbook 2009 2009 A glimpse into Arup’s creative world