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Sounding Rockets 2016 Annual Report

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Sounding Rockets 2016 Annual Report National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA Sounding Rockets Annual Report 2016 The Sounding Rockets Program also made world-class sci- ence discoveries over the past year. Our geospace missions continued to collect data to better understand the Sun-Earth interaction and space weather. The University of Miami Dif- fuse X-ray emission from the Local Galaxy (DXL) mission collected critical data that has helped scientists solve the questions of the origins on X-rays emanating in the Local Hot Bubble (LHB) that was generated by multiple, ancient supernova explosions that occurred in our region of space. The program once again push the boundaries of technol- ogy, not only for the program itself, but also for NASA as a whole. For example, we flew several technology demonstra- tion experiments for NASA's Space Technology Mission Directorate (STMD) Flight Opportunities Program (FOP). This included the RadPC, a computer system that uses a Phil Eberspeaker from the Chief Message novel architecture and off-the-shelf parts to increase flight Chief, Sounding Rockets Program Office computer reliability in the presence of high-energy radia- tion at a fraction of the cost of existing rad-hard computer Another year has passed, and the NASA Sounding Rockets systems. Another technology involved the VIP, a vibration Program has once again completed a wide variety of impres- isolation platform which will be used to reduce spacecraft sive scientific, educational, and technology demonstration disturbances during microgravity. We engaged in numerous missions. We launched eight missions from sites in Norway, other technology development efforts to enhance data trans- New Mexico and Virginia that carried science payloads to mission rates, more precisely deploy sub-payloads, enable study the Earth's near space environment, deep space ob- long range water recovery, and enable higher altitude flights. jects, and our own local star, the sun. We also supported two student flight missions and three technology test flights to The program also continued its long tradition of training flight qualify new components and support systems offered undergraduate and graduate students on our core science to our customers. These new components and systems will missions. Sounding rockets continue to be excellent plat- enhance scientific return on future missions. forms upon which graduate students can earn their PhD’s by participating as critical members of the PI’s science teams. The missions we supported continue our long tradition Sounding rockets continue to serve as the perfect tool for of training the next generation of engineers and scientists. teaching STEM education to undergraduates and other The instruments that were flown on our missions collected students. We once again flew two university level RockOn important scientific data that will help us better understand and RockSat-X missions which hosted over 100 student the Earth, the solar system, and the universe we live in. Our experimenters. We also continued our tradition of K-12 missions helped develop new detectors and instruments that STEM education by offering multifaceted hands-on teacher will be applied to larger more sophisticated NASA missions. workshops, lectures, school visits, and tours of our facilities. As an example, the Johns Hopkins Far-Ultraviolet Off- As I look back on our accomplishments over the past year I Rowland Telescope for Imaging and Spectroscopy (FORTIS) am once again impressed by the creativeness, dedication, and payload, which has also flown in previous years, validated the quality of our personnel. This not only includes technical performance of a Micro Shutter Array (MSA) to be used on staff, but also the business and administrative staff that make the massive James Webb Telescope, and the NextGenFOR- the program run so well and efficiently. TIS instrument is currently under development and will test an even more advanced MSA with electronic shutters I am once again proud to lead this organization in providing and other new technologies for future telescopes. Sounding NASA and the nation with low-cost, flexible access to space rockets are the ultimate platforms for these types of continu- and I look forward to many more years of the Sounding ous improvement projects, leading to overall efficiencies in Rockets Program serving the nation. the Nation’s space program. 2 Table of Contents Message from the Chief 2 Sounding Rockets Overview 5 Solar Physics Missions 2016 6 Extreme ultraviolet Variability Experiment (EVE) 8 High Resolution Coronal Imager (Hi-C) 10 Astrophysics Missions 2016 12 Planet Imaging Coronagraphic Technology Using a Reconfigurable Experimental Base (PICTURE-B) 14 The Far-Ultraviolet Off-Rowland Telescope for Imaging and Spectroscopy (FORTIS) 15 Diffuse X-rays from the Local Galaxy (DXL) 17 Colorado High-resolution Echelle Stellar Spectrograph (CHESS) 19 Geospace Missions 2016 22 Rocket Experiment for Neutral Upwelling (RENU 2) 24 Cusp Alfven and Plasma Electrodynamics Rocket (CAPER) 25 Education Missions 2016 29 RockOn! & RockSat-C 30 RockSat-X 34 Technology and Special Projects Missions 2016 39 Technology - Test and Support 40 Multiple User Suborbital Instrument Carrier (MUSIC) 42 Special Projects 43 STEM Education 45 Wallops Rocketry Academy for Teachers and Students 46 Internships and Outreach 47 Technology Development 49 Water Recovery Shutter Door 51 Clamshell Skin Development 51 Free-Flying Ampule Development 52 High Data Rate Encoder 52 Upcoming Technology Development Flights 53 Peregrine Static Firing 54 Prototype Spin Motor 54 Medium Mobile Launcher (MML) 55 Side-Opening Vacuum Doors 55 Manufacturing Cells 56 On the Horizon 59 Kwajalein 2017 60 Grand Challenge (GC) - Norway FY 2018 60 Australia Campaign 62 Charts 64 Mission Success History 64 Sounding Rocket Vehicles 65 Sounding Rocket Vehicle Performance 66 Sounding Rocket Launch Sites 67 Contact Information 68 Sounding Rockets Program Office personnel 69 3 SUB-PAYLOAD development for SWARMS New sub-payload systems have Vacuum Doors been developed for distributed measurements in space. To enable Side-opening vacuum data collection over a larger area doors have been (volume) small rocket propelled developed and tested sub-payloads are deployed to to accommodate very distances as far as 20 km from the large detectors requiring main payload. vacuum sealing for cleanliness. Water Recovery Telescope instruments are frequently reused after flight and to facilitate launches over water a new vacuum shutter door has been developed and tested. The new door will protect the instrument from Clam Shell Skin saltwater after impact. Load bearing clamshell skin have been developed and flown. The new design is intended as a replacement for both long skirts and large deployable doors. By replacing a conventional skirt, Mobile Launcher the clamshell skin removes the The Medium Mobile Launcher chance of the skin touching the (MML) is the first launcher to be structure as it deploys. When Technology used to replace a large blow-off developed in-house by NSROC and is door, the clamshell provides designed to launch vehicles as large as the structural support of a a Black Brant X (Terrier-Black Brant- skin while allowing the same Nihka) with a 1,000 pound payload. working volume as a blow-off door system. The Sounding Rockets Program Office (SRPO) and the NASA Sounding Rocket Operations Contract (NSROC) carry out NASA's sub-orbital rocket program. A fleet of vehicles acquired from military surplus or pur- chased commercially is used to carry scientific and technology payloads to altitudes between 50 and 1,500 kilometers. All payload support systems, such as Telemetry, Attitude Control, and Recovery are designed and fabricated by NSROC machinists, techni- cians and engineers. Launch operations are conduct- ed worldwide to facilitate science requirements, for example Geospace research is often conducted in the arctic from launch sites in Norway and Alaska. In- creasing mission complexities are addressed through continuous improvement in systems design and devel- opment. Automated Inspection Automated inspection of electrical components verifies assembly of cir- cuits prior to utilization in payloads. Thirteen missions from three different launch sites, Manufacturing covering seven disciplines, were conducted in Fis- cal Year 2016. Cells Missions The custom manu- facturing required for sounding rockets is enabled by state of the art machines and tooling. Efficiencies and throughput have been Sounding increased through the creation of manufactur- ing cells. This allows one machinist to operated several Computer Neumatic Control (CNC) Rockets machines simultaneously. Overview Manufacturing Integration and testing The increasing complexity of sounding rocket mission profiles and payload support system requirements leads to increasingly complex integration and testing processes. Mission profiles can involve deploying sub-payloads at specific intervals in specific directions at varying velocities. Payloads with multiple science instruments may require multiple Telemetry and Attitude Control Systems. In 2016 approximately twenty payloads were integrated and tested for flight. Convection Zone Subsurface flows Photosphere Radiative Zone 1700 Å: Ultraviolet light continuum, shows surface of the Sun. As well as a layer of the Sun’s atmosphere called the chromosphere, which lies Inner Core 1700 Å just above the photosphere and is where the 4,500 K temperature begins rising. 1600 Å: Emitted by carbon-4 (C IV) at around 1600 Å 10,000 Kelvin. C IV at these temperatures is 10,000 K present in the upper photosphere and what’s Chromosphere called the transition region. The transition region is where the temperature rapidly rises. 335 Å 335 Å: Emitted by iron-16 (Fe XVI) at ~2.2 mil K temperatures of 2,500,000 Kelvin. These Corona images also show hotter, magnetically active regions in the corona. 304 Å 50,000 K 304 Å: Emitted by helium-2 (He II) at around 50,000 Kelvin. This light is emitted from the chromosphere and transition region. Hi-C 211 Å 2 mil K 211 Å: Emitted by iron-14 (Fe XIV) at 193 Å 1.6 mil K temperatures of 2,000,000 Kelvin. These EVE images show hotter, magnetically active regions in the Sun’s corona.
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