Federal Election 2016: Reissue #2
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RESEARCH PAPER SERIES, 2018–19 25 FEBRUARY 2019 Federal election 2016—Reissue #2 Stephen Barber Statistics and Mapping Section Executive summary • This paper provides a comprehensive set of statistical tables regarding the 2016 Federal election held on 2 July 2016 and updates the Senate tables, previously published in the papers Federal election 2016 (initial results) and Federal election 2016—Reissue (showing the 2017 special counts in Western Australia and South Australia), affected by the 2017 special counts in New South Wales, Queensland, Western Australia and Tasmania, and the 2018 special counts in South Australia and the Australian Capital Territory. • The tables contain: national, state and regional summaries; electoral division details; two-party preferred figures; and party strengths in the respective Houses of Parliament. • There are also two appendices which summarise: the classifications of each electoral division that are used in the paper; and results from 1901 for House of Representatives and Senate elections. Contents Executive summary ............................................................................................................................. 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 3 Tables ................................................................................................................................................. 5 Party abbreviations and symbols .................................................................................................................. 5 Table 1: House of Representatives: national summary ................................................................................. 7 Table 2: House of Representatives: state/territory summary ....................................................................... 8 Table 3: House of Representatives: regional summary ............................................................................... 14 Table 4: House of Representatives: party status summary ......................................................................... 16 Table 5: House of Representatives: socio-economic status summary ........................................................ 22 Table 6a: House of Representatives: electoral division summary (number) .............................................. 24 Table 6b: House of Representatives: electoral division summary (per cent) .............................................. 28 Table 7: House of Representatives: electoral division detail ...................................................................... 32 Table 8: House of Representatives: two-party preferred vote: state/territory summary .......................... 70 Table 9: House of Representatives: two-party preferred vote: regional summary .................................... 70 Table 10: House of Representatives: two-party preferred vote: party status summary ............................ 71 Table 11: House of Representatives: two-party preferred vote: socio-economic status summary............ 71 Table 12: House of Representatives: two-party preferred vote: electoral division summary .................... 72 ISSN 2203-5249 Table 13: House of Representatives: electoral pendulum .......................................................................... 76 Table 14: House of Representatives: electoral divisions ranked by two-party preferred swing to ALP ..... 77 Table 15: Senate: national summary ........................................................................................................... 78 Table 16: Senate: state/territory summary ................................................................................................. 79 Table 17: Senate: composition from 1 July 2016 ........................................................................................ 86 Table 18: Senate: candidate details ............................................................................................................. 87 Table 19: Comparison of House of Representatives and Senate votes by division (per cent) .................. 118 Appendix 1: Electoral division classification ...................................................................................... 122 Appendix 2a: House of Representatives: elections 1901–2016 .......................................................... 127 Appendix 2b: Senate: elections 1901–2016 ....................................................................................... 129 Federal election 2016—Reissue #2 2 Introduction This paper contains the results of the double dissolution election—House of Representatives and full-Senate— held on 2 July 2016, and incorporates the 2017 special counts of Senate votes in New South Wales, Queensland, Western Australia, and Tasmania and the 2018 special counts in South Australia and the Australian Capital Territory.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Included are summary tables for both the House of Representatives (Table 1) and the Senate (Table 15) together with details for each House of Representatives electoral division (Table 7).8 9 The regional and party status classifications used in the paper are the same as those used by the Australian Electoral Commission.10 Party status and the safeness of seats are determined by the two-party preferred vote at the 2013 election adjusted for the effects of the 2016 redistributions in New South Wales, Western Australia and the Australian Capital Territory.11 The safeness of an electoral division (see Appendix 1) is determined by the size of the swing required for the division to be lost by the party holding the division. A marginal division requires a swing of less than six per cent, a fairly safe division requires a swing of six to ten per cent and a safe division requires a swing of over ten per cent. In all tables, first preference votes are expressed as a percentage of formal votes, formal and informal votes are expressed as a percentage of total votes, and total votes are expressed as a percentage of electors enrolled. In the detailed electoral division tables the swing percentages for the candidates will not necessarily sum to zero because of the different range of candidates at the 2016 election compared with the 2013 election. 1. Initially, on 3 February 2017, the Court of Disputed Returns determined Pauline Hanson’s One Nation Senator for Western Australia, Rodney Culleton, was disqualified from being elected at the 2016 election under section 44(ii) of the Constitution. Also, the Court of Disputed Returns, on 5 April 2017, determined that South Australia’s Family First Senator, Robert (Bob) Day, was disqualified from being elected under section 44(v) of the Constitution. Special counts of the Senate votes cast in Western Australia and South Australia at the 2016 election were required to fill the vacancies created by these disqualifications. Further special counts were required in Western Australia in late 2017 and South Australia in early 2018 (see Footnotes 2 and 5). 2. On 27 October 2017, the Court of Disputed Returns determined the ineligibility under section 44(i) of the Constitution of: Nationals Senator for New South Wales, Fiona Nash; Greens Senator for Queensland, Larissa Waters; Pauline Hanson’s One Nation Senator for Queensland, Malcolm Roberts; and Greens Senator for Western Australia, Scott Ludlum. Special counts of the Senate votes cast in New South Wales, Queensland and Western Australia at the 2016 election were required to fill the vacancies created by these disqualifications. 3. On 15 November 2017, the Court of Disputed Returns determined the successful candidate from the New South Wales special count, the Liberal Party’s Hollie Hughes, was ineligible to be elected under section 44(iv) of the Constitution. A further special count was ordered for New South Wales. 4. In Tasmania, Jacqui Lambie, founder of the Jacqui Lambie Network, and Stephen Parry, a Liberal and President of the Senate, both resigned after realising they were dual citizens. A special count of the 2016 Senate votes was ordered on 12 December 2017. However, the successful candidates were not announced until 9 February 2018, after one of the successful candidates, Jacqui Lambie Network’s Steven Martin, had been determined by the Court of Disputed Returns to be an eligible candidate under section 44(iv) of the Constitution—he was Mayor of Devonport at the time of nomination. 5. On 13 February 2018, the Court of Disputed Returns determined Skye Kakoschke-Moore of the Nick Xenophon Team was ineligible to be a candidate at the 2016 election under section 44(i) of the Constitution. A special count of the Senate votes cast in South Australia at the 2016 election was required to fill her vacancy. 6. In the continuing dual citizenship saga affecting the 45th Parliament Katy Gallagher, the Labor Senator for the Australian Capital Territory, was referred to the Court of Disputed Returns. On 9 May 2018, the Court disqualified Ms Gallagher under section 44(i) of the Constitution and a special count of 2016 Senate votes was required to provide her replacement. 7. Special counts are required to replace Senators found ineligible to sit in the Parliament (ineligible Members are replaced via by-elections). A special count reassesses the voter preference data taken from the ballot papers of votes cast at the previous Senate election. Voter first preferences for an ineligible Senator are disregarded and the voter preferences to the next preferred