CO-15-018 Historic Resource Survey Plan, Gunnison County
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Consultants in Natural Resources and HISTORIC RESOURCE SURVEY PLAN the Environment GUNNISON COUNTY, COLORADO Prepared for DENVER • DURANGO • HOTCHKISS • IDAHO Gunnison County Historic Preservation Commission 221 N. Wisconsin Street, Suite G Gunnison, Colorado 81230 Submitted to— History Colorado 1200 Broadway Denver, Colorado 80203 Prepared by ERO Resources Corporation 1842 Clarkson Street Denver, Colorado 80218 (303) 830-1188 Written by Abigail Sanocki Jonathan Hedlund Prepared under the supervision of Sean Larmore, Principal Investigator History Colorado Project #CO-15-018 ERO Project No. 6503 August 2016 ERO Resources Corp. 1015 ½ Main Ave. Durango, CO 81301 970.422.2136 www.eroresources.com ABSTRACT The Gunnison County Historic Preservation Commission (HPC) contracted ERO Resources Corporation (ERO) to prepare a county-wide historic resource survey plan. ERO developed the plan using funds from the Certified Local Government Subgrant Program administered by History Colorado (Project #CO-15-08). The survey plan provides prioritization recommendations for future intensive or reconnaissance survey efforts to identify and document cultural resources in Gunnison County. The purpose of a survey plan is to identify areas where survey may help the HPC establish priorities for future preservation, nominations, and public outreach as derived through the information gained during a survey. The survey plan includes recommendations for future reconnaissance or intensive surveys of buildings, structures, and archaeological resources on county-, city-, and privately- owned land. The survey recommendations provided are prioritized based on public input, the extent of previously conducted work in the county, the current condition of resources that reflect important themes in the county’s past, and the goals and powers of the HPC. In addition to providing guidance for planning future cultural resource surveys, this document includes an overview of the previously conducted survey and documentation work in Gunnison County and a thematic historical overview of the county’s history. The historical overview provides general guidance for interpreting the history and determining the significance of historic properties associated with the identified themes. ERO Project #6503 i FEDERAL ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The activity that is the subject of this material has been financed in part with Federal funds from the National Historic Preservation Act, administered by the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior for History Colorado and in part by History Colorado State Historical Fund. However, the contents and opinions do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of the Interior or History Colorado, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute an endorsement or recommendation by the Department of the Interior or History Colorado. This program receives Federal funds from the National Park Service. Regulations of the U.S. Department of the Interior strictly prohibit unlawful discrimination in departmental Federally-assisted programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, age or handicap. Any person who believes he or she has been discriminated against in any program, activity or facility operated by a recipient of Federal assistance should write to: Director, Equal Opportunity Program, U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1849 C Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20240. ERO Project #6503 ii CONTENTS Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................... iv Project Description.............................................................................................................. 1 Gunnison County Historic Preservation Commission ...................................................2 Purpose of the Survey Plan ............................................................................................5 Project Area ........................................................................................................................ 7 Methodology and Data Collection ...................................................................................... 9 Public Outreach ..............................................................................................................9 File and Literature Review ...........................................................................................15 Field Reconnaissance ...................................................................................................18 Cultural Overview ............................................................................................................. 22 Protohistoric Contact and Early Exploration ...............................................................22 Early Settlement of Gunnison County, ca. 1860s to ca. 1915 .....................................25 Early Settlement of the County’s Population Centers ...........................................28 Transportation ..............................................................................................................33 Early Development of Mining, ca. 1870 to ca. 1914 ...................................................38 Early Ranching, 1869 to ca. 1914 ................................................................................43 Recreation, 1879 to ca. 1965........................................................................................46 Recommendations for Future Survey ............................................................................... 50 High-Priority Surveys ..................................................................................................51 Medium-Priority Surveys.............................................................................................56 Low-Priority Surveys ...................................................................................................61 Opportunities for Implementing Future Surveys .........................................................64 Summary ........................................................................................................................... 66 References Cited ............................................................................................................... 67 TABLE Table 1. Prioritized survey recommendations. ....................................................................2 FIGURE Figure 1. Project location. ...................................................................................................8 APPENDICES Appendix A Meeting Notes and Public Response Appendix B Previous Surveys and Previously Documented Sites Appendix C Table of Cultural Resources Identified During Windshield Survey Appendix D Information and Contacts for Funding Sources ERO Project #6503 iii ABBREVIATIONS BCC Gunnison County Board of County Commissioners CLG Certified Local Government CR County Road ERO ERO Resources Corporation D&RG Denver & Rio Grande Railroad DSP&P Denver South Park & Pacific Railroad HPC Gunnison County Historic Preservation Commission landmark Resource on Gunnison County Register of Historic Landmarks Legacy Ranchland Conservation Legacy NHPA National Historic Preservation Act NRHP National Register of Historic Places OAHP Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation SHF State Historical Fund SRHP Colorado State Register of Historic Properties Western Western State Colorado University ERO Project #6503 iv HISTORIC RESOURCE SURVEY PLAN GUNNISON COUNTY, COLORADO AUGUST 2016 Project Description The Gunnison County Historic Preservation Commission (HPC) contracted ERO Resources Corporation (ERO) to prepare a county-wide historic resource survey plan. The plan was developed using funds from the Certified Local Government (CLG) Subgrant Program (Project #CO-15-08). It provides prioritization recommendations for future intensive or reconnaissance survey efforts to identify and document historic resources (i.e., sites or properties containing archaeological resources, structures, and/or buildings that are related to significant events, themes or people from the past, significant methods of construction or architectural design, or have the potential to yield additional information about the history of the region); survey types are defined in the Field Reconnaissance section of this report. The purpose of a survey plan is to identify areas where survey may help the HPC establish priorities for future preservation, nominations, and public outreach as derived through information gained during a survey. The surveys could also assist the HPC’s efforts to work proactively with the other county commissions and landowners for preservation and during planning review for new developments in Gunnison County. The survey plan includes recommendations for future reconnaissance or intensive surveys of buildings, structures, and archaeological resources on Gunnison County, municipal, and privately owned land. Survey recommendations are prioritized based on public input, the extent of previously conducted work in the region, the current condition of resources that represent important themes in the county’s past, and the goals and powers of the HPC. In addition to providing guidance for planning future cultural resource surveys, this document also includes an overview of the previously conducted survey and documentation work in the county and a selective historical overview that identifies important themes and periods of significance.