GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY IOU3-3o Public Disclosure Authorized
Bolivia BiodiversityConservation Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized
ProjectDocument March 1992 Public Disclosure Authorized
THEWORLD BANK
CURRENCYAND EOUIVALENTS
Currency Unit - Boliviano (Bs) ExchangeRate Effective June 1992
US$1.00 = Bs 3.8992 US$0.2665 = Bs 1.00
WEIGHTSAND MEASURES Metric System
GOVERNMENTOF BOLIVIA FISCAL YEAR
January 1 - December 31
GLOSSARYOF ABBREVIATIONS
BII - Bolivian Indigenous Institute CDC - Centro de Datos para la Conservacion CIDOB - Indigenous Indian Federation SDC - Swiss Development Cooperation DNAPVS - NationalDirectorate for Protected Areas EAP - Environmental Action Plan FAN - Friends of Nature Foundation FONAMA - Fondo NacionalPara El Medio Ambiente (NationalEnvironmental Fund) GEF - Global Environment Facility GET - Global Environment Trust Fund GOB - Government of Bolivia SEDEMAS - DepartmentalEnvironmental Offices SENMA - Secretaria Nacionaldel Medio Ambiente (NationalEnvironmental Secretariat) SNAP - National Systemof Protected Areas UNDP - United NationsDevelopment Program
BOLIVIA BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION PROJZCT (BCP)
Grant and Progect Summary
Grantor: Global Environment Trust Fund (GET)
Grant Recipient: Government of Bolivia
Beneficiaries: National Environmental Secretariat (SENMA) National Environmental Fund (FONAMA)
Amount: SDR 3.1 million (US$4.5 million equivalent)
Terma: Grant
Financing Plan: GET US$ 4.5 million Swiss Development Cooperation (SDC) USS 3.9 million
TOTAL USS 8.4 million
Economic Rate of Return: N.A.
Map: IBRD 23957R
BOLIVIA BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
Background
1. Bolivia is one of the most important countries in Latin America for the conservation of biodiversity, not only because the ecosystems in many areas are still pristine, but because it contains about 18,000 species of plants and 1,274 species of birds (very high for a landlocked country). It has a high index of endemism. Moreover, many of the forest and natural grassland habitats, which have been greatly reduced in neighboring countries, (particularly Brazil and Argentina) are still relatively extensive in Bolivia.
2. The principal threat to most of Bolivia's rare plant and animal species is the loss or degradation of the natural habitats upon which these species depend. By far the most serious and widespread cause of habitat loss is deforestation, particularly in the eastern slopes of the Andes, the eastern (Santa Cruz) lowlands, and the Amazonian lowlands. The extensive annual burning of natural grasslands for pasture management also threatens certain native plants and animals. A relatively few plant and animal species are threatened by direct over-exploitation (for wood, meat, skins, or the pet trade).
3. Thus far, nearly 10 percent of the country's surface area has been set aside in 31 National Parks, Wildlife Reserves, Biological Reserves, or other categories of protected areas. Some of these protected areas are already being financed in part through ongoing or planned development projects supported by the Bank/IDA. For example, the Noel Kempff Mercado and Amboro National Parks are being strengthened under the IDA-supported Eastern Lowlands Project, and several new protected areas in the Chaco region (Bafiadosde Izozog, Bafiados de Otuqis, and possibly others) are likely to be supported under the proposed Bank/IDA Power/Gas Pipeline Project. However, most of Bolivia's protected areas are still only paper parks", with little or no on- the-ground protection.
4. The Government's awareness of the need to address environmental problems, including biodiversity loss, has grown considerably within the past several years. Recent Governmental initiatives relevant to biodiversity conservation include: 2
the establishment of the Secretaria Nacional del Medio Ambiente (SENMA) responsible for formulating environmental policy and monitoring implementation; the establishment of a National Environmental Fund (Fondo Nacional para el Medio Ambiente, FONAMA) to coordinate and administer local and external financing for environmental programs, including biodiversity; the elaboration of an Environmental Action Plan (Plan de Acci6n Ambiental Boliviano, EAP) and a Forestry Action Plan (Plan de Acci6n Forestal para Bolivia, 1990-1995), both of which devote considerable attention to biodiversity conservation; the first ever debt-for-nature swap (in 1987, when US$650,000 of Bolivian debt was used to finance the long-term management of the Beni Biological Reserve and Chimanes Forest Reserve); and the enactment of a broad environmental law.
5. The EAP establishes a permanent environmental planning process at the national, regional and local levels, identifies key environmental issues giving emphasis to biodiversity, and incorporates public participation (NGOs, community groups), as an essential element in environmental planning. The broad-based composition of the Board of FONAMA and of the Advisory Council of SENMA will further strengthen the EAP's participatory process in environmental planning and management.
6. The new institutional structure under the new Law includes, in addition to SENMA and FONAMA, nine departmental secretariats (SEDEMAS) under the auspices of SENMA, as well as nine departmental environmental councils (CODEMAS). CODEMAS will be responsible for formulating environmental policies in their respective departments, while SEDEMAS will be responsible for executing such policies. SENMA, through CODEMAS, will keep close communication with department, municipal authorities and local groups to ensure that national environmental strategies reflect local needs. FONAMA will support SENMA by securing donor funding to address investment needs, without engaging directly in project implementation. SENMA's Secretary would chair FONAMA's Board.
7. The new Environmental Law provides a solid base for the protection of Bolivia's biodiversity. The law formally establishes the National System of Protected Areas (SNAP) and gives jurisdiction over the country's protected areas to SENMA. The broad framework and principles of the Law represent an integrated, cross-sectoral and multi-disciplinary approach to environmental management and sustainable development. Within the term environment the Law includes urban and rural development and quality of life, biodiversity and ecosystem conservation, environmental education, environmental research and the incorporation of environmental aspects into national planning (ecological, economic and social). The Environmental Law sets broad guidelines and institutional responsibilities for the protection of Bolivia's threatened ecosystems, and gives SENMA the responsibility for formulating policies and overseeing the management of protected areas. Furthermore, the Protected Areas Law, soon to be presented to Congress for approval, will further strengthen SENMA's ability to enforce the implementation of biodiversity conservation policies, and effectively manage the SNAP. 3
8. The Biodiversity Conservation project is complemented by the IDA supported "Environmental Technical Assistance Project" (ETAP). The ETAP's objectives are to strengthen key Government environment-related institutions to formulate and implement environmental policies; develop the human resources necessary to plan, evaluate and implement action programs; support initial steps toward a rationalized and more effective legal and regulatory system for environmental protection and natural resources management.
Proiect Obiective
9. The proposed project would help ensure the protection of representative samples of some of Bolivia's most diverse and threatened ecosystems. It would help to convert some of Bolivia's "paper parks" into "real" ones. This would be accomplished, in part, by strengthening the Government's institutional capability to protect Bolivia's biodiversity. The management of the protected areas system would be done through an integrated approach which will involve local and indigenous communities and institutions. This approach would be strengthened by a training program for local people and an outreach program, both designed so local communities may assume increased responsibility for the management of buffer zones and protected areas.
Proiect Description
10. The major project components include: (i) support for the organization, implementation and follow-up of the National System of Protected Areas -SNAP; (ii) support to existing protected areas and establishment of new priority protected areas; (iii) alternative management systems of natural resources in buffer zones; (iv) monitoring and evaluation; and (v) administrative support to the project coordinating unit.
11. Support for the Organization, Implementation and Follow-up of the National System of Protected Areas (SNAP). (US$1.9 million). This component would include: (a) institutional support to SENMA's Direcci6n Nacional de Areas Protegidas y Vida Silvestre (DNAPVS) to manage the SNAP; (b) development of an information system for the SNAP; (c) consolidation of the system of protected areas; (d) training of protected areas personnel; and (e) a program of control and enforcement for the SNAP.
(a) Institutional support to SENMA's DNAPVS to manage the SNAP: The Environmental Law gives SENMA the responsibility for managing the SNAP. The proposed operation would provide the resources to develop Bolivia's administrative capacity to effectively manage its protected areas. It would support the administrative structure of the DNAPVS by funding incremental salaries, technical assistance, consultants, computers, vehicles and office equipment to manage the SNAP and to ensure satisfactory project execution. A well-qualified core team, including the Director of DNAPVS, is already in place.
(b) Development of an Information System for the SNAP: The DNAPVS will require technical information in order to plan, organize, and manage the SNAP and to respond to the information needs of the individual protected areas. Several data banks already exist in Bolivia which can provide 4 ecological, biological, geographical, and natural resources data. For the short term, DNAPVS would utilize the formidable expertise of the Data Conservation Center of Bolivia (CDC) to generate needed data. The CDC is considered a leader in the field of environmental data processing and land-use mapping having the capacity to create maps, translate and overlay satellite imagery. Funds would be provided to SENMA to contract CDC for the majority of the mapping needs, including the zoning and land-use analysis maps needed for the management plans, and any other necessary geographic information (boundaries, management zones, indigenous groups in the region, soils and other biophysical data) of the system of protected areas. A computer system will also be purchased capable of storing information of up to 2000 megabytes. While CDC will address SENMA's short term information needs, in the medium- term SENMA will need to establish an integrated environmental data system to help identify important issues and guide related policies. Information will also help to promote public awareness of key environmental issues, and create pressures for political commitment to address such issues. A study to assess SENMA's broad information needs has been completed. Recommendations from this study will provide guidance for establishing a comprehensive information system. SENMA would seek donor support to establish and operate the recommended comprehensive environmental information system.
(c) Consolidation of the Network of Protected Areas: The current network of protected areas in Bolivia is very deficient; several parks are severely degraded, while many high priority areas have no legal status. Most important, several natural habitat types such as the Chaco, Dry Valleys, High and Medium Yungas, the Puna, and Savannahs are not included or well represented within the present system of national parks. The proposed operation would support the design and completion of a system plan which will scientifically consolidate the protected areas by evaluating high priority areas, integrating them and, where necessary, redrawing protected areas boundaries. (See Annex III). Areas of little biological significance, or with little recreational or educational value will be eliminated from the SNAP. As a preparatory step, a study is being carried out to develop a methodology for evaluating the areas and to prepare an action plan for the consolidation of the system. The evaluation will include an analysis of the importance and viability of protection including biological, ecological, socio-cultural and economic considerations.
(d) Training of Protected Areas' Personnel: The proposed operation would fund a comprehensive five year training program for SNAP personnel at all levels. Emphasis will be placed in hiring and training local people so they may assume responsibility for the management of the protected areas. The objective of the training is to give basic techniques of park planning, management, maintenance and protection. The workshops will have a mixture of lecture and "hands-on" projects for the participants to complete. All training modules include: (i) management and protection of the natural resouices base; (ii) integration of the decision-making process with local communities; (iii) evaluation and upgrading of baseline species data including preferred habitat and estimated population size; (iv) methodolooogies for annual estimates of population status for a wide variety of species; and (v) maintenance of the physical plant and equipment. There are good training institutions in Bolivia and in the region to support this training program. 5
The Ecology Institute of Bolivia, part of the University of La Paz, offers relevant training courses.
Training will be organized in four modules: (i) a two week basic training to all protected area personnel on the basic principles of protected areas management; (ii) a two year training program for high and mid-level park guards, three months in a training center and 21 months in the specific park where each guard is assigned; (iii) a nine month training program for lower level park guards with three months classroom training and 6 months in the specific parks where the guards are assigned; and (iv) an one month intensive training program for the park directors. (See Annexes IV and V for detailed steps and timeframe of the training program).
(e) Program of Control and Enforcement for the SNAP: Legal Status. The Environmental Law (Article 60-65) states that SENMA will undertake the management and administration of protected areas with support from governmental agencies, NGOs, local community groups and indigenous groups. To achieve this objective, the proposed operation would support SENMA to develop a manual outlining rules, regulations, policies and procedures for the SNAP. It would also strengthen the DNAPVS to supervise the SNAP and coordinate law enforcement. Although the management of each protected area will be, to the degree possible, decentralized, the administration and management of the protected areas would need to respond to the uniform policies of the SNAP. The Ecology and Environment Commission of the Bolivian Senate has organized a working group with national and international specialists to revise the draft Law of Protected Areas and harmonize it with the new Environmental Law. Holland, SDC, PL-480, UNDP and IDA (under the Japanese Grant Facility) are providing support to the preparation process. Once the Law is approved, SENMA will undertake the preparation of the regulations including rules and procedures for implementing the law. Bolivia has adopted a democratic process in preparing the laws, which encourages wide public participation and education. The participatory process, taking place through national, regional and departmental seminars, is expected to facilitate implementation of laws and regulations.
12. Support and Establishment of Priority Protected Areas (US$4.7 million). This would include: (i) support for coordinating the development of management plans; (ii) support to six key existing protected areas; (iii) establishment of two new areas because of their extraordinary biodiversity; and (iv) environmental education and extension in and around protected areas.
(a) Coordination for the Development of Management Plans: The proposed operation will support DNAPVS's capacity to evaluate, supervise, monitor and execute management plans for the protected areas (budgeted under each area, and excluding Estacion Biologica Beni which already has one). These plans would take into account all relevant aspects of the area's biological, geographical, economic, social and cultural features. They will include an analysis of: (i) quality of habitat types within the protected areas; and (ii) complete description of indigenous peoples within the protected areas, buffer zone, and region. Each management plan will establish guidelines for protection, use and management of natural resources. It would present a 6
zoning scheme for each park which will classify land according to its need for protection and capability to accommodate visitor and other uses. Management plans will be drafted in close consultation with local communities, to ensure that valid cultural and economic data are gathered and that their needs and activities are integrated into each plan. Furthermore, a yearly management plan evaluation process for each protected area will be included. The evaluation process will be established to ensure that management is effective and is adapting to changing realities and the availability of improved data on each area (see Annex VI). The ongoing Bolivia Indigenous Peoples/Biodiversity Mapping Project to be completed by the end of 1992 will provide useful inputs into the design of management plans.
Short operational plans for all units in the System would be prepared annually. These plans will give details on all management activities to be conducted, including objectives, personnel responsibilities, timeframe and cost for each activity. Long-term specialized plans for specific management programs or subprograms will also be prepared for selected units of the System. Examples of those plans are: interpretive and environmental education plans; forestry management plans for areas of multiple use.
(b) Support to key existing protected areas: The areas to be supported under the proposed operation represent unique geological, ecological, and cultural resources. The flora include ten ecoregions and eight biogeographic provinces that provide habitat for over 1,274 species of birds. Bolivia is reported to have 18,000 species of plants and countless rare species of wildlife. The project would fund infrastructure and personnel needed for the adequate management of the priority protected areas. The areas selected for support are the following: Carrasco N.P, Amboro N.P, Noel Kempff Mercado N.P, the Beni Biological Station, Eduardo Avaroa F.R. and Ulla Ulla F.R.. They were selected because of their high biodiversity, their representative ecosystems, their ecological integrity and feasibility of protection. (Figures I and II provide the basis for selection and Annex II describes the areas selected for protection.) Germany, under the ongoing IDA Eastern Lowlands Project, is providing through CORDECRUZ management training and some field equipment to the Amboro N.P. and infrastructure and equipment to the Noel Kempff Mercado N.P.. This support was taken into account in designing support to be received by these parks under the proposed operation.
The management of these areas will provide for protection and recuperation of the natural and cultural heritage. It will also provide opportunities for environmental education, research, recreation, tourism, and accommodation of traditional appropriate technologies such as extractive reserve practices. To accomplish these objectives the protected areas will be divided into the following zones: wilderness, intensive use, and recuperation (see Annex I). The zoning system will take into account the management and control necessary in each zone. It will specify the uses and installations that shall be permitted or are necessary.
(c) Establishment of Two Protected Areas; Gaps in the System: Two yet to be established areas will be included for support under the proposed operation because of their extraordinary biodiversity value: Alto Madidi and El Chaco. These areas will need boundary establishment and legal gazetting. 7
Field surveys will be made of each area to determine suitable boundaries based on sound ecological principles while taking into account legal, economic and social issues. Support will also be provided for the completion of management plans.
(d) Strengthening Community Participation in the Management of Protected Areas: The long term success of protected areas will depend on a high level of public participation from the adjacent communities of the surrounding region. A wide level of community input would be encouraged by organizing town and community meetings. Community participation will occur at both the preparation of the management plans and at the actual management of the protected areas. Colonists and local businessmen will also be consulted. The proposed operation would fund: (i) an environmental education and community outreach program in which educators would be based in each area, but would operate as a team under the leadership of a program coordinator from DNAPVS; and (ii) the resources and logistical support so that outreach workers will return to work in their communities to serve a catalytic role in integrating local communities in park management. Indigenous communities in the surrounding areas and indigenous group associations have been identified to participate in this program.
13. Alternative Management of Natural Resources in Buffer Zones (US$0.1 million). It would include: (a) evaluation of the economic importance of natural resources in the protected areas, and recompilation of traditional knowledge; and (b) development of proposals for pilot projects of species management and in situ conservation of germplasm.
(a) Evaluation of the Economic Importance of Natural Resources in the Protected Areas, and Recompilation of Traditional Knowledge: Local inhabitants inside or adjacent to the protected areas exploit a large number of species for their own consumption or marketing. Over-exploitation puts in danger the survival of some of these species, while at the same time jeopardizing the economic interests of those who depend on them. The project would fund a study to evaluate the economic potential of resources within the protected areas and the possibilities of establishing programs that would be low impacting on biodiversity, while producing benefits on a sustainable basis to the people living in the area. The study would also produce proposals for alternative sources of income for these communities. The study would gather traditional knowledge, especially concerning endangered species. This knowledge would be complemented with an extensive literature review. After these data have been analyzed, resource exploitation in protected areas will be discussed with the local communities. A report would be prepared that would become the working document for subsequent activities in this program.
(b) Development of Proposals for Pilot Projects of Species Management and In Situ Conservation of Germplasm: The project would fund the development of proposals for the sustainable management and use of promising species, including the prerequisite ecological studies to ascertain viable harvesting levels. Funding for the implementation of these studies will come from other sources. 8
14. Develoa ent of Strateaiex for Long Term Fundina of Protected Areas (US$.O1 million). In the foreseeable future, the GOB will not be able to allocate sufficient national funds to support the management of Bolivia's globally important protected areas. Thus, it is necessary to develop a strategy to seek broad based donor support to fund these areas for the next decades. While the proposed operation will cover recurrent expenditures associated with the protection of designated areas on a declining basis, the GOB is seeking donor support to establish a trust fund to take over these expenditures on an increasing basis starting with the third year of project implementation. FONAMA has started work in designing the trust fund, and the Dutch Government is considering to provide initial support of around US$5.0 million equivalent. The establishment and funding of the trust fund would be a condition of effectiveness. In addition, the project would fund a study to evaluate the potential of other revenue sources (fees for ecotourism, taxes for uses derived from the system including renewable natural resources) for long term management of protected areas. It will also make policy recommendations and draft an action plan to pursue these options.
15. Monitorina and Evaluation (US$O.1 million). For each protected area supported under the proposed operation an annual report will be prepared on "Results and Accomplishments". It will give an overview of the concrete actions such as training, community participation, infrastructure development, administrative and technical or planning bottlenecks. It will thus provide feedback necessary to improve the plans for the next round of planning. The Activity Table and the Implementation Schedule (see Annexes IV and V) will provide guidance regarding performance and implementation indicators. Data from these evaluations will provide inputs into the annual and mid-term reviews to be carried out jointly by the Bank and FONAMA and which will be broader in scope (see para. 18 below). The design of the management plans also includes annual monitoring and evaluation exercises with emphasis on biodiversity conservation and community participation in managing and protecting selected areas (see Annex VI).
16. Administrative SuD ort to the Proiect Coordinating Unit (PCU) in FONAMA (US$0.8 million). Support will be provided to the PCU including personnel and operating expenditures for managing and coordinating the execution of the project. It will also provide financing for a procurement agent and an external auditor.
Lessons Learned from Past IDA Involvement
17. As the Eastern Lowlands project with important environmental components is still at its initial stage of implementation, it is too early to draw any lessons from it. However, general lessons of experience from implementing investment and free-standing technical assistance projects in Bolivia, point to the following constraints: (i) implementation delays caused by complexity of project design, inadequate supervision and weak project management; (ii) political patronage in the procurement of consultants; (iii) unsustainable institutional development due to lack of permanence in the civil service; (iv) absence of participation of the affected communities in project design; and (v) lack of coordination and coherence in public investments and expenditures. In designing the proposed operation, the above lessons have 9 been taken into account by: (i) reaching up-front agreement with the Government to include SENMA in the first phase of the ongoing civil service reform program, whereby key positions will be retained by receiving the needed support; (ii) establishing a trust fund for covering recurrent expenditures for the management and protection of threat-ened ecosystems; (iii) providing wide public and private participation in the permanent planning process incorporated in the ZAP; (iv) involving community groups in the planning and implementation process; (v) incorporating training programs for SENMA's staff; (vi) reviewing FONAMA's annual investment program and SENMA's annual work program to ensure good donor coordination and coherence of activities in biodiversity as well as other environmental areas which could directly or indirectly affect either buffer zones or parks; and (vii) providing strong supervision support through a separate agreement with the Swiss Development Cooperation (SDC) for the financing of a consultant to supervise the project out of the Bank's Resident Office in La Paz.
Imolementation Arrancements. Sustainability. and Monitoring
18. Implementation Arrangements. While FONAMA will have the overall responsibility for managing and coordinating the implementation of this project, SENMA's Directorate of Protected Areas will be responsible for its implementation. As a condition of effectiveness, an agreement will be signed between the GOB and FONAMA transferring the funds and defining the use of funds and project management and implementation and reporting responsibilities. The Director of the Department and two technical coordinators are already in place. Further support will be provided for a training coordinator, a control and enforcement coordinator, a management plan expert and an information systems expert. TORs for these experts have been approved. Consultants will also be provided as needed. Several environmental NGOs and local community groups are to be involved in the implementation of the various subcomponents. This will occur at the planning level by involving community groups to provide input into the management plans, and most importantly at the management level by the hiring of local people from the community to serve as managers, interpreters, and park guards. The case of the BENI Biosphere Reserve demonstrates a successful experiment where the Indigenous Bolivian Institute involved indigenous groups to assist in the management of the area.
19. Sustainabilitv. The proposed project supports simultaneously several activities (institutional strengthening, training, management plans, information systems, alternative management systems, environmental education and extension, and infrastructure) which are intended to strengthen Bolivia's efforts in biodiversity protection and natural resources management during and after project completion. The project's innovative approach in linking biodiversity conservation, and sustainable resource management with wide community participation, and the establishment of a trust fund to cover recurrent expenditures associated with the protection of parks, would further ensure sustainability of project benefits.
20. Monitoring and Evaluation. A contractual arrangement between FONAMA and SENMA would define implementation responsibilities and reporting requirements. 10
The Protected Areas Department of SENMA will be reporting to FONAMA on project progress every three months, at which time FONAMA will have the option to call a meeting and discuss problems indicated in the progress reports. FONAMA will report to the Bank every six months on the project implementation status, identifying problems and action taken. Monitoring and implementation indicators provided in annexes IV and V will be used to monitor and evaluate project progress. Monitoring and evaluation indicators have also been built into the management plans. Qualitative indicators will also be used in the evaluation and monitoring process such as biodiversity protection, institutional strengthening, community participation in the design of plans to protect the parks as well as participation in the actual management and protection of parks, the extent to which laws and regulations are being implemented, and FONAMA's progress in financing the Trust Fund. The Information, Monitoring and Evaluation Unit of DNAPVS will assist in this process. Moreover the Bank in cooperation with FONAMA will carry out reviews annually including a mid-term review to monitor and evaluate project progress. Approximately US$0.6 million will be provided by SDC for supervision support to monitor and evaluate closely project implementation under a separate agreement between the Government of Switzerland and the Bank which does not form part of total project costs. The monitoring and evaluation component, for which US$100,000 have been allocated, will provide some technical inputs from each park to the monitoring and evaluation exercises.
21. Over time, most management responsibilities are expected to be assumed by departmental governments including the SEDEMAs (SENMA's regional offices). SENMA's Directorate of Protected Areas will then revert to its long-term planning support role, ensuring the maintenance of national protected area management standards, identifying possible new areas for inclusion in the system, providing technical guidance to managers, and assisting in staff training. A timeframe for establishing the SEDEMAs was discussed during negotiations. Two SEDEMAs are expected to be established during the next year in departments with important environmental issues. The timing for the establishment of the remaining seven has not yet been determined.
Proiect Cost, Financing, Procurement, Accounting, Auditing, Reporting Reauirements and Disbursements
22. Proiect Cost and Financina. The total cost of the project is estimated at US$8.4 million equivalent with a foreign exchange component of US$1.95 million. The base cost is estimated at US$7.57 million equivalent with total contingencies calculated at US$0.45 million. The GET is expected to finance US$4.5 million equivalent and SDC SwF 5.2 million. As a condition of effectiveness, it is required that the Grant Agreement to be signed between the GOB and SDC be effective and that satisfactory arrangements for passing the grant funds to FONAMA be made by the GOB. Project costs by component and the financing plan are summarized in Schedule A. Detailed project costs are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
23. Procurement. FONAMA, as the executing agency, will be responsible for all procurement under the project in accordance with Bank/IDA guidelines. Based on FONAMA's legal statutes, all contracts under US$50,000 will be procured by FONAMA. A procurement agent will be contracted to procure 11 contracts over US$50,000. Sample bidding documents to be used by both FONAMA and the external procurement agency, were approved during negotiations. All ICB contracts and LCB contracts will be subject to prior review by the Bank in accordance with Bank\IDA procurement guidelines (May 1992). This represents 53% of goods and civil works to be financed under the Grant. The Bank would review other procurement documentation selectively during supervision missions. FONAMA will retain all procurement documentation for review by the Bank. Schedule B summarizes procurement arrangements under the project.
24. Goods, including vehicles, computers, furnishings, equipment and materials represent about thirteen percent of total project costs. To the extent possible, contracts for goods would be grouped to allow procurement of larger packages. Packages of four wheel drive vehicles valued at US$100,000 equivalent or above (amounting in total to US$0.25 million) will be procured following ICB procedures in accordance with Bank guidelines. Local competitive bidding procedures will be used to purchase motorcycles valued in total at US$49,000. Boats and canoes, valued at US$50,000 will be procured through international shopping procedures in view of the extremely limited number of local suppliers and small size of the contract(s). Other vehicles, including bicycles and horses, will be procured following local shopping procedures up to an aggregate limit of US$12,000. Contracts for equipment and materials, including personal computers, valued between US$25,000 and US$100,000 and not exceeding US$320,000 in aggregate will be awarded under LCB procedures acceptable to the Bank. Field and camping equipment valued at US$130,000 will be procured through international shopping procedures due to the limited number of local suppliers and small size of the contract(s). Contracts for miscellaneous items of equipment and materials valued below US$25,000 and not exceeding US$60,000 in aggregate will be awarded through local shopping procedures. Furnishings will be purchased in annual packages not expected to exceed US$82,000 in any year. Procurement of furnishings will be done through local competitive bidding for packages valued above US$25,000 but below US$100,000, up to an aggregate limit of US$230,000. For packages of furnishings under US$25,000, local shopping procedures will be used, not to exceed an aggregate amount of US$21,000.
25. Estimated civil works contracts represent eight percent of total project costs. Procurement of civil works estimated to cost each US$50,000 equivalent or more but less than US$500,000 would follow LCB procedures acceptable to the Bank. Maximum civil works contract size is not expected to exceed US$500,000. Civil works contracts estimated to cost less than US$50,000 each but in aggregate not to exceed US$200,000 equivalent would be awarded on the basis of price quotations solicited from at least three qualified contractors.
26. Procurement of consulting services will follow the August 1981 Bank/IDA Guidelines for the Use of Consultants including Bank prior review of all contracts. All supporting documentation for these contracts will be available at FONAMA for Bank inspection.
27. Accounts and Audits. FONAMA as the project coordinating agency would maintain accounts for all expenditures funded under the proposed operation. Participating agencies would maintain separate accounts for project execution. Project accounts and procurement procedures would be audited annually by 12
independent auditors satisfactory to the Bank including audits of Statement of Expenditures and of the Special Account. The audit reports would be submitted to the Bank no later than six months following the end of the Government's fiscal year. TORs for an auditing firm and a procurement agent were presented to the bank during negotiations and were approved. Two Special Accounts would be opened in the Central Bank; one for the GET Grant with an initial deposit of US$400,000 and one for the SDC Grant with an initial deposit of SwF 400,000.
28. Disbursements. The proposed grant would be disbursed over a six year period. GET and SDC funds would disburse 100% against eligible expenditures for salaries, consultants, equipment, civil works, administrative costs, technical assistance and training. Incremental recurrent expenditures would be covered on a declining basis starting at 100% the first and second years, 70% the third, 50% the fourth, and 30% the fifth year. The Trust Fund, expected to be established with donor support, would take over starting year three to cover incremental recurrent expenditures on an increasing basis. The Bank would administer the SDC funds (US$3.9 million) which would be disbursed jointly by the Bank at a ratio of 54/46. Grant funds would be disbursed against SOEs for consultant services whose contract value would be below US$15,000, contracts for goods valued below US$50,000, civil works contracts valued below US$100,000 and for all incremental salaries and all operating costs. All supporting documentation would be maintained at FONAMA and would be available for review upon request by the Bank. The project is expected to be completed by December 30. 1997. The closing date would be June 30, 1998.
Environmental Aspects
29. No negative environmental impacts are expected under this operation. The management plan for each protected area would ensure that all activities to be carried out under the project would be consistent with the corresponding management plan, whose primary objective is to protect the area's biodiversity.
Rationale for GET Funding
30. The GET would serve a catalytic role in providing Bolivia with the resources to develop a rational structure for managing its protected areas, and will serve to leverage additional resources to finance a comprehensive protected areas management system. Moreover, this project is innovative in that the network of protected areas to be supported will include some highly diverse managed systems. This applies particularly to the territories of indigenous communities which have recently received legal recognition and represent an outstanding opportunity to test the link between biodiversity conservation, sustainable resource management and the legalization of indigenous property rights. Efforts will be made to help promote existing community-based conservation and extractive reserve programs to help build a larger conservation program. If successful, this will serve as a model of how conservation can be fostered by local community involvement and a two-way flow of information that improves existing management techniques. 13
Benefits and Risks
31. The main objective of the proposed project would be to protect 8 areas with biodiversity of global importance. These areas contain animal and plant species, the disappearance of which would be an important global loss. The project would also demonstrate balancing natural resource exploitation and conservation by putting heavy emphasis on community participation of the surrounding areas in the management and protection of these areas. Viable land uses will be identified, which will be compatible with the preservation of endangered ecosystems. In addition, the project would strengthen the institutional capacity of the Government to consolidate and manage the SNAP. It has already effectively helped to catalyze international donor support to protected areas. Further effective mobilization of such funding would be strengthened by the establishment of an environmental policy, institutional and legal framework supported under the parallel IDA Environmental Technical Assistance Project.
32. Potential risks are bottlenecks in project implementation due to a lack of trained Bolivians at higher technical and scientific levels. Such specialists will be needed for the coordination of the SNAP, the administration of individual protected areas and the preparation of diagnostics and management plans. This temporary lack of trained local personnel will be filled by the contracting of international specialists, when local personnel cannot be located. However, in order to assure efficient project management after the contracts are completed, DNAPVS counterparts will be assigned to each international specialist and emphasis will be placed on training. Interactive workshops for Bolivian technicians will be a key component of this project. The project will implement an accelerated training program for SNAP personnel. The participatory approach that is envisaged throughout the planning and implementation process might cause conflicts that could affect smooth project implementation. This potential risk will be mitigated by the substantial strengthening of the DNAPVS and the competence of its Director. Staff turnover, which is frequent in the Bolivian context, is likely to cause disruption to project implementation. A legal covenant providing that changes in SENMA's and FONAMA's key staff will need prior Bank consultation, and the inclusion of SENMA in the first phase of the civil service reform program would mitigate this risk. Another risk is that the financing of recurrent expenditures by the Trust Fund might be delayed if fund raising does not proceed as expected. To mitigate this risk, commitments are required before Project effectiveness and alternative sources of revenue would be pursued.
Agreements Reached and Recommendation
33. During negotiations agreements were reached on: (i) the organizational structure of SENMA not to be changed without prior consultation with the Bank; (ii) key positions in SENMA and FONAMA remaining staffed with individuals with experience and qualifications acceptable to the Bank; (iii) key staff positions in FONAMA and SENMA supported under the proposed operation not to be changed without prior consultation with the Bank; (iv) the time frame for the training programs and the completion of studies and follow-up actions; (v) performance targets, implementation indicators, annual and mid-term 14 reviews; (vi) SENMA submitting draft laws and regulations for the Bank's review to ensure that appropriate monitoring and compliance mechanisms are incorporated; (vii) FONAMA submitting its annual investment program and its consolidated budget to the Bank for review; (viii) SENMA submitting to the Bank for review annually its work program and its consolidated budget; (ix) SENMA submitting draft management plans for the Bank's review and approval; (x) FONAMA submitting a progress report on project implementation every six months; (xi) reporting, procurement and audit requirements; (xii) the timeframe for establishing the SEDEMAS; (xiii) arrangements and a timeframe for the establishment and financing of the Trust Fund to generate funds sufficient to cover recurrent expenditures; and (xiv) a timeframe for the phasing out of GET coverage of recurrent expenditures starting at 70% in year three, 50% year four, 30% year five and zero thereafter.
34. The following documents were also reviewed during negotiations and are now satisfactory: the Estatutos Organicos of SENMA and FONAMA, the Operations Manual of FONAMA, FONAMA's investment plan, SENMA'B three-year Action Plan, TORs for the procurement expert, the external auditor and other consultants.
35. As conditions of effectiveness: (i) the Estatutos Organicos of SENMA and FONAMA would have been duly enacted and the Operations Manual of FONAMA would have been approved by its Board; (ii) the agreement to be entered into between Government and FONAMA has been duly signed; (iii) FONAMA would have signed a contract with a procurement agent under terms and conditions satisfactory to the Bank; (iv) the GOB would have opened up and secured contributions of an aggregate minimum amount of US$5 million equivalent to finance a trust fund to cover recurrent expenditures; and (v) all conditions precedent to the effectiveness of the SDC Grant Agreement, except the effectiveness of the GET Agreement, have been fulfilled. 15
Schedule A SOLIVA: BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATIONPROJECT
SUMMARY OF PROJECT COSTS
Component Local Foreign Total ...... -.-...------USS miLlion)------
A. Support for the Implementationof the 1.40 0.49 1.89 National System of Protected Areas (SNAP)
B. Establishmentof Priority Protected Areas 3.44 1.27 4.71
C. Alternative Management of Natural Resources 0.07 0.06 0.13 in Suffer Zones
0. Strategies for Long-Term Funding of 0.00 0.01 0.01 Protected Areas
E. Monitoring and Evaluation 0.02 0.08 0.10
F. Support for Project Implementation nd Supervision 0.78 0.02 0.80
G. Unatlocated 0.13 0.13 0.26
TOTAL BASE COST 5.84 2.06 7.90
Contingencies i. Physical 0.07 0.03 0.10 ii. Price 0.29 0.07 0.35
TOTAL PROJECT COST 6.20 2.15 8.35
FINANCINGPLAN Local Foreign Total ------(USS miLlion)-----.-----
GET 3.34 1.16 4.50 SOC 2.85 1.00 3.85
TOTAL 6.19 2.16 8.35 16
Page 1 of 3 BOLIVIA:8IOOIVERSITY CONSERVATION PROJECT SLPUYRTOf PROPOSEDPROCUREMENT ARRAMNGEMNTS (In USS ftllon)
Procurement Method
IC8 LCB Other/a N.A. Total ProjectElement
1. ClvilWorks 0.45 0.20/b 0.65
2. Goods a) Equipmentand Materials/c 0.32 0.19/a 0.51 /d b) Furnishings 0.23 0.02 0.25 /f c) Vehicles/g 0.25 0.05 0.06 0.36
3. TechnicalAssistance a) Consultants 2.44 2.44 --Managementplans, studies, procurementand auditingservices b) Training 0.44 0.44
4. OperationalSupport/h 3.70 3.70
TOTAL 0.25 1.05 3.35 3.70 8.35
ESTIMATEDDISBURSEMENTS
.------Fiscal Yea.------. ------93 94 95 96 97 98 -C------(USS million)------
AnnuaL 0.74 2.25 2.32 1.58 0.83 0.64 CumTulative 0.74 2." 5.31 6.88 7.71 8.35 17 Schodute Page 2 of 3
/a Includes procurementof technicaL assistanceservices according to Bank Guidelines for contracting consultants. For goods and civil works "Other" refers to procurementby local or internationalshopping procedures in accordance to Bank Guidelines. /b Includesclearing trails, making campsites, leveling/cuttingbrush from airstrips and other minor works to be supervised by park personnelusing Local labor;materials used in these works will be procured through local shopping procedures. /c Includes radios, camping and field equipment,basic medical supplies,tools, saddles, office equipnent, paper goods and printed materials, and computers (2). /d LCS procedures will be used for procurementof paper goods (base cost USS49,160),uniforms (USS69,440),tools (USS46,500) and computers(USS27,000). Purchase and installationof radio systems is scheduled over a four-yearperiod (total base cost USS105,500 to be procured in annual lots through LC8. /e Local shopping will be applied to equipmentand materials contracts under USS25,000 (medical supplies, paper goods and printed material, saddles minor office equipment, park signs). The project includes USS126,810 (base cost) in field and camping equipmentfor park personnel. In view of the limited number of suppliers (no local suppliers) for this types of equipmentand an implementation schedule spread over five years (with purchasesnot exceedingUSS30,000 in any one year) internationalshopping procedures will be used followingBank Guidelines. !f Due to the phased in nature of civil works in the protected areas, basic furnishingswill be purchased in annual lots through LC8. /g Vehicles include: Jeeps (9) under IC8, motorcycles(18) under LCB, boats/canoes(10) through internationaLshopping, bicycles (6) and horses (37) through local shopping. /h Expenses including incrementalsalaries and operatingexpenses (insurance,travel, per diems, maintenance, communications,etc.) of the protectedareas, the DNVSAP, and of the Project CoordinatingUnit. 18 Schedule B Page 3 of 3
BOLIVIA
BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION PROJECT
SUKARYOF PROPED PROaJRSENTARRANGE3ITS: GOS AND CIVIL UXS
Expenditure Contract Aggregate Procurement Expected Category VaLue(USS) Limit Method Amount ______(US$) CUSS)
Civil Works Under 50,000 250,000 Local Shopping 200,000
Over 50,000 500,000 LCB 452,000
Vehicles:
Jeeps (9) Over 100,000 ..... [CS 252,000
Motorcycles (18) Under 100,000 . LC8 49,000
Boats/Canoes (10) Under 100,000 International 50,000
I Shopping ______
Bicycles (6) Under 25,000 12,000 LocaL 12,000 Horses (37) _ Shopping
Furnishings Under 25,000 21,000 LocaL 21,000 __Shopping
______25,000-100,000 230,000 LC3 229,0001
Equipment/Materials Under 25,000 190,000 Local 57,00O (combined Shopping Local and internationall shopping)
Under 25,000 190,000 InternationaL 130,000 (combined Shopping (Field & local and Catrping internationat ~~~equipment) _ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~shopping) lIqipet
25,000-100,000 320,000 LCB 320,000O
1 Due to the phased in nature of civil works in the protected areas, basic furnishings will be purchased in annual lots (not exceeding a maximum of US$80,000) through local competitive bidding.
2 Includes basic medical kits, printed materials and manuals, saddles, minor software, photocopier, fax machine, and signs for protected areas.
3 Includes personal computers, paper supplies, uniforms for park guards, tools, and radio equipment. The installation of the radio equipment (base cost: USS105,500) will be staggered over four years, with annual lots procured through LCB. 19 Schedule C
BOLIVIA
BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION PROJECT
Timetable of Rxv Progict Processina Events
(a) Time taken to prepare: 18 months
(b) Prepared by: National Environmental Secretariat and National Fund for the Environment with IDA assistance, UNDP, SDC.
(c) First IDA mission: April 1991
(d) Appraisal Departure: April 1992
(e) Negotiations: September 1992
(f) Approval Date: November 1992
(g) Planned Date of Effectiveness: June 1993 20 Schedule D
BOLIVIA
BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION PROJECT
A. STATL%ZNT 0F3AM LOANS AND IDA CR!DZTS IN BOLrVA, (as of June 30, 1992) _- - - -_ - _ - __------____--- -__-- _ Amonat (lass cancellations) Credit Fiscal -C-- ___-- Undis- Number Year Borrower Purpose Bank IDA. bu=sed
16 Loans and 22 Credits Closed 274.78 301.30 0.13
18090 l198 Bolivia Financial Mg-. (PrMO). 11.50 0.38 16180 1987 Bolivia Power Se ctor Rehab 6.8a 0.55 18280 1987 BalivLia Reconstr. Import Cr. Ir 47.10 3.03 18420 1988 BoLLiLa La Paz Municipal Devt 15.00 2.86 19770 1989 BolivLa Econ Mgt Strength Oyn 9.70 3.13 20120 1989 BoLivIa Export Cor=Ldors 37.00 22.82 20130 1989 Bolivia Mining Sector 35.00 32.53 20920 1990 BoLivia Integrated Health D-vt 20.00 17.59 21190 1990 Bolivia Eastern LowLands 35.00 33.42 21270 1990 Bolivia Social Invest't Fund 20.00 19.50 21340 1990 Bolivia Private Enterprise Devt 16.10 16.20 19253 (S) 1991 Bolivia Financial Sector - C 14.50 0.70 21870 1991 Bolivia Water Supply a Sewerage 3s.00 33.16 22160 1991 Bolivia Technology Dew't 21.00 19.69 22790 1991 Bolivia PubLic Flnanclal Hgt ZI 11.30 10.55 22980 (S) 1992 Bolivia Structural Adjustment Credit 40.00 26.12 22980 (S) 1992 BoLivia St-uctural Adjustment Credit 10.40 11.26 23220 1992 Bolivia Agro Export Dev Prog 22.50 23.67 239s5 1992 BoLivia Road Maintenance 80.00 83.55
487.90 360.84
TOTAL 274.78 789.20 of which repaid 168.06 13.18
Total held bv Bank L IDA 106.72 776.02
Amount sold 0.05 Of which repaid 0.05
Total Undisbursed 360.84
B. STAT2'X,T OF .TC 1rrZSTr ZN-S (as of June 30, 1992) ------_-- _------_------__- -- _- Loan Equity Total (in mlLlions ao U.S. dollars)
Total gross commitments 73.05 11.62 84.67 Less cancellations, te-ninations, repayments, and sales 11.6a 1.20 12.88
TotaL commitments ncw held by 1-Ic 61.36 10.42 71.79
TotaL undisbursed 40.32 2.62 42.95 21
Table 1 BOLIVA: BIODIVERSITYCONSERVATION PROJECT DETAILEDPROJECT COSTS
Component Local Foreign Total ------..------.-.-...------.----..(USS million)----- A. Support for the ImpLementationof the NationaL System of ProtectedAreas (SNAP) - USS1.89milLion
1. InstitutionalSupport to DNAVPS 0.27 0.04 0.31
2. InformationSystem for SNAP 0.26 0.12 0.38
3. ConsoLidationof SNAP 0.26 0.26 0.51
4. Trainingof ProtectedArea Personnel 0.51 0.03 0.54
5. SNAP Controt and EnforcementProgram 0.11 0.04 0.15
R. Establishmentof PriorityProtected Areas - US$4.71million
1. Management Ptans Poticiesand Methodologies 0.02 0.11 0.13
2. Support to Key ExistingProtected Areas 2.47 0.81 3.28
3. Establishmentof Two New ProtectedAreas 0.69 0.35 1.04
4. EnvironmentatEducation and Extension 0.26 0.00 0.26 Around ProtectedAreas
C. AlternativeManagement of NaturalResources in BufferZones - USS0.13mIllion
1. Evaluation of Economicinportance and Recompilationof TraditionalKnowledge 0.06 0.00 0.07
2. Proposals for PilotProjects of SpeciesManagement and In Situ Conservationof GermpLasm 0.01 0.06 0.06
0. Strategiesfor Long-TermFunding of Protected Areas - USSO.01 miLlion 0.00 0.01 0.01
E. Monitoringend Evaluation- USSO.10million 0.02 0.08 0.10
F. Supportfor ProjectImpLementation and Supervision- US$0.80million
1. Support to PIU/FONAMA 0.47 0.02 0.49
2. Project ImplementationServices: Procurement/Auditing 0.31 0.00 0.31
G. Unallocated- USS0.26million 0.13 0.13 0.26
TOTAL BASE COST 5.84 2.06 7.90 Contingencies i. Physical 0.07 0.03 0.10 Ii. Price 0.29 0.07 0.35
TOTALPROJECT COST 6.20 2.15 8.35 22
Table 2 BOLIVA: BICOIVERSITYCONSERVATION PROJECT ANALYSIS OF INVESTMENTAND RECURRENT COSTS
Component Investment Recurrent Total ------(USSC------'''--'-'''-'-'-'-'' mittion).------
A. Support for the Implementationof the National System of ProtectedAreas (SNAP) - US$1.89 million
1. InstitutionaLSupport to DNAVPS 0.04 0.28 0.31 2. InformationSystem for SNAP 0.23 0.15 0.38 3. Consolidationof SNAP 0.51 0.00 0.51 4. Training of Protected Area Personnel 0.48 0.06 0.54 5. SNAP Control and Enforcement Program 0.03 0.11 0.15
B. Establishmentof Priority Protected Areas - USS4.71 million
1. Management Plans: Policies/Methodologies 0.13 0.00 0.13 2. Support to Key Existing Protected Areas 1.42 1.86 3.28 3. Establishmentof Two New ProtectedAreas 0.64 0.40 1.04 4. EnvirornentalEducation and Extension 0.26 0.00 0.26 Around ProtectedAreas
C. AlternativeManagement of NaturaL Resources in Buffer Zones - USS0.13 fillion
1. Evaluation of Economic Importance and Recompilationof Traditional Knowledge 0.07 0.00 0.07 2. Proposals for Pilot Projects of Species Management and In Situ Conservation of Germplasm 0.06 0.00 0.06
D. Strategies for Long-Term Funding of Protected Areas - USSO.01 million 0.01 0.00 0.01
E. Monitoring and Evaluation - USSO.10 million 0.10 0.00 0.10
F. Support for Project Implementationand Supervision- USS0.80 million
1. Support to PIU 0.49 0.00 0.49 2. Project lmplementationServices: 0.31 0.00 0.31
G. Unallocated - USS0.26 million 0.26 0.00 0.26
5.04 2.86 7.90 TOTAL BASE COST Contingencies i. Physical 0.10 0.00 0.10 {i. Price 0.00 0.35 0.35
TOTAL PROJECT COST 5.14 3.21 6.35 23 FIGURE I: CATEGORIES OF PROTECTED AREAS AND THEIR CORRESPONDING CONSERVATION OBJECTIVES
Primary Conservation Objectives
Mational I IfoLogical Fauna Sanctuary Forest | Park Station Reserve I | Reserve
Maintain sample ecosystem in natural state 1 1 3 3 3
Maintain ecological diversity and environmental regulation 1 1 2 1 3
Conserve genetic resources 1 1 1 1 x
Provide education, research, and environmental monitoring 1 2 3 3 3
Conserve watershed condition 3 3 2 2 2
Control erosion sedimentation; protect downstream investments 2 2 3 3 3
Produce protein and animal products from wildlife; permit sport hunting and fishing x x 2 2 3
Provide recreation and tourism services 2 2 x x x
Produce timber, forage, or extractive products on sustained yield basis x x 2 3 1
Protect sites and objects of cultural and archeological heritage 1 2 x 3 x
Protect scenic beauty and open space 1 3 3 3 x
Maintain open options; manage flexibly; permit multiple use x 2 2 2 1
Stimulate rational, sustainable use of marginal areas and rural development 1 2 2 3 1
NOTE: 1 Primary objective for management of area and resources. 2 - Not necessarily primary, but always included as an important objective. 3 = Included as an objective where applicable and whenever resources and other management objectives permit. x = Not Applicable
Source: As Adapted to Bolivia from International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). 24
rFTGUR IT: PROTCTED ARA3S TO BE SXJPPORI2D CM T PROPOSZD OPERATO1f
ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS FOR PROTE=TON AD D OP
NXAERCAL VALUE OF MRAL T=ESTtIAL AQUATIC GE>o4RPHoLO4CCUNIQUE ECOSYSTM QLT REGICS ESySTmS EI=YSTM4S PMATKS VALUES
BASED ON SPECIES 4 ' DIVERASITY, QOLITY OF: U b1 WILDLIZ-T EAIZTPT, SIZEz - b . 4 Id 4 OF ARZA, AND rMAN a: Dr5STURBANCE. ,1 bu E t4U
1 -~~~~~~~~~~~00-
I - INSIGNIFICANT oMsno 0 c 2- SZGNT:FICA.YT _ oa a 0, o42 :as 3-' GOOD O m o 4 VRYV GOOD 140S o 0 e4o4140 uoI 0 a.. ~ S EXCELLENT V S a 6 - BEST IN COUNTRY. > 3 h b C; XI=
DEVOPMNT PRIORITY
CARRASCO NATION.L PARK 5533 5 5 564 (SC)
AMB3ORONATIONAL PARK 555 5 2 3 5 544
INO LMP F MERCADO 55 54S 5 55.3 N'ATIONAL PARK (4)
BErN BrOLOGrcAL STATION (3) 4 5 3 554 4 445
EDUARDO AVAROA (SA) 5 5 6 5 5 555
ULLA ULLA N.P. (3B) S5 554 5 555
EL CHACO (58) 3 5 6 .44 3 565
El; !tADIDr (11 55 55 5 35 4 654
Sources: COC, 1987. Evaluacidn vrelLminar de la conservacidn de lce recurses vivos de la Provncia Sud Lioez, Potosi. Con *szecial referencia a la Reserva de fauna andina -Eduardo Avaroa. SarLe T4cnica No. 2. La Paz, Bolivia. CDC, 1989. EvaluacLdn del estado actual del SLstema Naclonal de Areas ProtecLdas. CDC/IT/Ol8/89. COC, 1991. EstratecLa vara et Oesarrollo del SLstema Nacional do Areas Protecidas de Bolivia (SNAP). Propuesta elaborada para LIDEMA por el COC. CDC/PRO/91. Barrador. 25
Kourceut Conservation International, 1990. Aacid iolpcical Assessment (cont.) of Northern La Paz Deoartment. Bolivia. Illenberg, H. 1981. Maps de lan Zooregiones de Bolivia. Deparrollar sin dgstruir. Instituto de Zoologla, UMBA, La Paz, Bolivia. 26
ANNEX I Page 1 of 3
BOLIVIA
BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION PROJECT
Descriotion of Hanagement Zones to be Incorporated into the Manacement Plans
1. To pursue established management objectives, the designated established or proposed areas will be divided into management zones to provide protection of the natural resources and to eliminate potential conflicts in the use of the resources. The zoning system will take into account the management and control necessary in each zone and will specify the uses and installations permitted or necessary. Recommendations are based on existing information and may be modified based on future information.
(i) Wilderness Zone
The wilderness zone consists of areas where disturbance by man has been relatively minimal, where important wildlife habitat warrants considerable protection, and where unique species of flora, fauna, or natural phenomena exist. The general management objectives are to preserve the natural environment and assemblage of habitats and at the same time allow for scientlfic studies, environmental education and recreation of a primitive type. The wilderness zone should, in general, represent the major part of the protected area. General access will be permitted on designated trails only. Cutting of vegetation will not be permitted. Camping will be allowed only in designated sites.
(ii) Intensive Use Zone (Infrastructure Zone)
This zone contains resources that can withstand heavy recreational activities and moderate slopes that can be developed for intensive visitor use. This zone will include the area where the Visitor and Welcome Centers are proposed. Where appropriate, an information booth will provide literature and self- guiding environmental education trail brochures and descriptions of the varied flora and fauna. The parking area and any proposed administration facilities would be in this area. The design and construction of all facilities will be harmonized with existing historical conditions. All facilities will be designed, constructed, and maintained with adequate drainage and sewage facilities, to avoid pollution of the area. Commercial concessions will be restricted to boat tours, recreational equipment rentals, handicraft sales and other compatible activities controlled and regulated by the Park Administration.
(iii) Recuperation Zone
This zone consists of those areas in the park that have been altered by the practices of man. Once these areas have been restored to natural forest they will be reassigned to the appropriate zone based on need. The general objective is to stop degradation of the resource and bring about the 27
ANNEX I Page 2 of 3 restoration of the area to forest. This zone consists of areas of degraded forest due to exploitation. Conservation works necessary to restore the land to desired conditions will be permitted. Reforestation with native species will be encouraged. Public use will be restricted until the area has a proper forest canopy.
(iv) Buffer Zone
Zones where uses are limited to activities such as extraction on a sustained yield basis of wildlife, fruits and nuts, and wood products. Movement by the public may be limited to authorized sections and tracks. In the case of indigenous reserves, the indigenous peoples themselves will control the movement of people, goods, and services. Buffer zones are generally out of the protected area, and managed by the local communities. The DNAPVS may propose activities which support the sustainable use of the areas, and do not cause negative environmental impacts on the adjacent protected area. In a buffer zone a continuation of all traditional activities may be allowed other than those which are damaging to the environment, incompatible with the protected area objectives, or restricted by regulations.
2. Management Programs: The following management programs will be implemented:
(i) Terrestrial Resource Management Program
Adequate protection and management of the resources of the protected areas will include programs of maintenance of streambeds and springs, habitat management, fire control, restoration of recuperation areas, and provision for the enforcement of regulations.
(ii) Habitat and Wildlife Management
This program will ensure:
- Protection of the forests and forested ecosystems, and planting seedlings to encourage recuperation of areas designated to be brought under forest cover.
- Prevention of unauthorized cutting of forests for timber, charcoal or other uses.
- Prohibition of hunting or poaching.
- Strict enforcement by Park Wardens of regulations relative to the disturbance of birds and other wildlife and nesting and breeding birds within the forests.
- Education of the public to promote understanding of the need for protection. 28
ANNEX I Page 3 of 3
(iii) Fire Control Prooram
A program to prevent fire will include the prohibition of hiking or camping during periods of severe drought until proper campsites and hiking trails are constructed to ensure visitor safety.
(iv) Research Program
The riverine ecosystems and vegetation of the forest provide an excellent laboratory for research. The Protected Area Administration will manage the research program. Research by accredited scientists and their students may be carried out in the park according to the following guidelines:
- An application will state objectives of the research and the individuals and institutions involved.
- Collection of specimens will be allowed on a case-by-case basis. and kept to a minimum.
- Copies of records, reports, and publications of all research and studies carried out in the area must be submitted to the Protected Area Administration.
The following research and monitoring needs are essential to effective management:
- More precise inventories of plants and animals and the monitoring of biological communities by means of plant and animal census.
- Studies of dispersal, roosting habitats, sensitivity and food chains for the bird species in the park.
- Historical and archeological research of the area.
- Visitor use and preference surveys to identify needs and how best to respond to them.
3. Enforcement of Protected Area Reculations
Regulations will be enforced by a staff of park guards and when appropriate indigenous peoples trained in resource management and law enforcement techniques.
Primary protection duties will include the following:
- assistance to visitors - enforcement of regulations regarding protection of flora and fauna - patrols to ensure visitor safety - fire control 29
ANN1EX II Page 1 of 9
BOLIVIA
BIOD IVERSITY CONSERVATION PROJECT
Justification of Protected Areas Recommended for Inclusion Within This Proiect
AMBORO NATIONAL PARK
Location, Size and Access: Located in the western section of the Department of Santa Cruz the park has an extension of 630,000 ha with an altitudinal range from 600-3,000 meters above sea level. Amboro is only about 50 km from the city of Santa Cruz de la Sierra and access is excellent via two major roads, though no good foot paths or drivable tracks into the park yet exist.
Outstanding Features: The park borders on Carrasco National Park in the Department of Cochabamba. These parks together contain 1.2 million ha making this one of the largest protected areas in Bolivia. Due to its altitudinal range Amboro contains a wide variety of micro habitats; it also represents the point where the Yungas, Chaco, and Amazon biogeographic provinces meet which, amongst other characteristics, results in it having amongst the highest diversity of bird species for a protected area in the world. Amboro is the closest major park to a city in Bolivia, thus providing unparalleled opportunities for environmental education and tourism. The park is scenically outstanding.
Endemic, Important, or Endangered Species: Spectacled bear, jaguar, southern helmeted currasow and other cracids, endemic red fronted and seven other macaw species, 2S43 species of birds, and Z110 species of mammals. This is one of the best known parks from the standpoint of biodiversity.
Management Problems: Serious problems exist due to colonization close to and within the park boundary, as well as hunting and gold prospectors. Some human settlements were made before park establishment and may prove difficult and/or unwise to remove.
NGO's, Government, and Other Organizations: FAN (Friends of Nature Foundation) with funding of US$362,700 from TNC (The Nature Conservancy) is providing support under the "Parks and Peril" program for three years (ending in 1994); SENMA-IDB are dedicating US$385,000 over three years (ending in 1993), and CDF (National Forest Service) is dedicating approximately US$139,100 per year to cover mostly recurrent costs. Germany, under the ongoing IDA Eastern Lowlands Project, is providing management training and some field equipment.
Current Personnel and Infrastructure: 1 director, 1 chief park ranger, 20 assistant park rangers, and a grassroots/extension specialist. One small ranger station and four more are in construction, three vehicles, five motorcycles and five radios. 30
ANNEX II Page 2 of 9
Immediate Administrative, Infrastructural and Other Needs: Management plan, administrative staff, park rangers, training for personnel, infrastructure, equipment, tourism program, solutions to colonization problem, assessment of needs of Yuqui Indians if still extant in the park.
CARRASCO NATIONAL PARK
Location, Size and Access: Located in the Department of Cochabamba the park has an extension of approximately 600,000 ha with an altitudinal range from 400-4630 meters above sea level. It is bordered by a major road between the cities of Cochabamba and Santa Cruz de la Sierra.
Outstanding Features: This scenic park borders on Amboro National Park in the Department of Santa Cruz. These parks together contain 1.2 million ha making this one of the largest protected areas in Bolivia and hence extremely important for preserving complete ecosystems and maintaining viable populations of large/wide ranging mammal species. While little is known ecologically, due to its altitudinal range Carrasco encompasses 10 Holdridge Life Zones, the most for any park in Bolivia. The park also contains important tributaries of major rivers.
Endemic, Important, or Endangered Species: It contains endangered spectacled bears (the Bolivian population of this flagship species is the largest in South America), jaguar, and other mammals; as well as an extraordinarily high diversity of birds, including oil birds, rivaling Amboro National Park.
Management Problems: Approximately 90 families live within and between 40,000 and 50,000 people live around the park. Many of these people cultivate coca, and this and other agricultural practices have led to serious erosion problems. Subsistence and commercial hunting and fishing are uncontrolled.
Government Groups: CDF is currently administering the park with some support for specific tasks from CORDECO (The Cochabamba Regional Development Corporation) and PDAR (USAID Alternative Development Program with the principle aim of encouraging farmers to stop growing coca).
Current Personnel and Infrastructure: 1 forestry engineer, 1 forestry technician, 1 agronomist technician, an accountant, 10 park rangers, and 2 chauffeurs. The park has one ranger station, an outstation and six radios.
Immediate Administrative, Infrastructural and Other Needs: Management plan and training for personnel.
NOEL KEMPFF MERCADO NATIONAL PARK
Location, Size and Access: Located in NE Santa Cruz Department on the Brazilian border the park has an extension of 706,000 ha, covering an altitudinal range of 300-900 m above sea level, with a 10 km wide buffer zone of 208,000 ha. The park is 700 km, by seasonally drivable roads, from the nearest city, Santa Cruz de la Sierra. Year round terrestrial access exits to 31
ANNEX II Page 3 of 9
the Park from Rondonia Brazil. There are airstrips at the Flor de Oro and Mangabalito ranger stations. Plans exist to expand the Park, and there are possibilities of establishing a bi-national Park with Brazil.
Outstanding Features: The park is dominated by an enormous mesa rising above the lowland forest, drained by several dramatic waterfalls. The explorer Colonel Fawcet's description of this formation inspired Conan Doyle's The Lost World. The park is a meeting place between amazonian moist forest to the north, cerrado to the east and tropical dry forest to the south. It contains one of the largest ecologically intact piece of cerrado; this habitat, which historically covered much of central Brazil, has been largely cleared for agriculture. Preliminary studies of the moist tropical forest at the foot of the mesa show high levels of biodiversity.
Endemic, Important, or Endangered Species: The mammal fauna includes giant anteaters, primates (a 10 species), pampas deer, giant otters, maned wolves, the almost unknown bush and small eared dogs, as well as jaguar. The avifauna is extraordinarily diverse with at least 550 species, some of which are endemic to the mesa. With a further 150 species estimated, the park contains 25% of avifaunal diversity in South America. In the rivers bordering the park are Amazon river dolphins, turtles and a rich fish fauna. The park contains a large number of endemic cerrado and campo rupestre plants, and recent studies show many new species for Bolivia.
Management Problems: Uncontrolled commercial and subsistence fishing, and hunting are affecting the park on the border with Rondonia and Matto Grosso, Brazil. Brazilian loggers also periodically enter the park. Problems also exist with illegal logging, hunting, gold and semi-precious stone prospecting, and cocaine processing camps.
NGO's, Indigenous Groups, and Other Organizations: FAN, with funding from the - TNC "Parks in Peril" program is investing USS360,000 in the park over three years (ending in 1993). There are no indigenous groups. A limited number of colonists are located within the Park, on the Itenez River. Ongoing scientific research projects are being carried out by WCI (Wildlife Conservation International) and other scientific and conservation organizations.
Government Groups: The Park is administered by CERCONA (Regional Center for Nature Conservation) with annual support for recurrent costs of US$138,000 from CORDECRUZ. The KFW/GTZ, through CORDECRUZ, are providing support for equipment and some infrastructure.
Current Administration and Infrastructure: Staff consists of 1 director, 2 chief rangers, 2 rangers, 8 assistant rangers, and one chauffeur. The park currently has 3 ranger stations plus 2 in construction and a tourist lodge at Flor de Oro. Equipment includes 3 vehicles, 5 launches with outboard motors and 6 radios. 32
ANN?EX II Page 4 of 9
Immediate Administrative, Infrastructural and Other Needs: Management plan including an ecotourism development program, evaluation of human settlements, and the need and feasibility of expanding the park. Also needed are additional administrative staff and park rangers, training for personnel, infrastructure, and equipment.
BENI BIOLOGICAL STATION AND BIOSPHERE RESERVE
Location, Size and Access: This lowland reserve is located in Beni Department and has an extension of 135,000 ha. The altitudinal range is only 230 m. The Reserve is located near the town of San Borja on the main road (cut during the wet season) connecting the cities of La Paz and Trinidad. There is a landing strip at the Reserve.
Outstanding Features: The park is a mosaic of Amazonian humid tropical forest, seasonally flooded savannah, and wetlands. There are 19 species of mammals and reptiles identified within the park that are found in the IUCN Red Data Book. In 1987 it was declared a Biosphere Reserve of UNESCO. The reserve is recommended as a high priority for protection in the Bolivian Forestry Action plan (1986) and in the Latin American System of Parks/FAO. Within the reserve live 649 Chimane Indians which practice traditional hunting, fishing, collecting forest plants, and agriculture and are integrated into the reserve management program.
Endemic, Important, or Endangered Species: Over 100 species of mammals, and 400 species of birds have been identified in the reserve including several endangered species. There is a large primate population, several species of macaws, and a small population of the highly endangered black caiman.
Management Problems: A total of 309 campesinos and 649 Chimane Indians live within the reserve, and around 750 people live in the immediate vicinity. These groups engage in commercial and subsistence fishing and hunting, agriculture, cattle grazing, and timber extraction, which if uncontrolled will reduce biodiversity. The SW border is as of yet poorly defined. In total 25% of the Reserve's area is subject to extensive use by indians and campesinos. While the Reserve has a management plan it lacks the financial and human resources to implement it.
NGO's, Indigenous Groups, and Other Organizations: The Reserve is administered by the Bolivian Academy of Science. Aside from the Chimane Indians many of the campesinos around the Reserve are descended from Reyesano, Ignaciano, and Movima indians. World Wildlife Fund has donated US$22,117 to small farmers for extension services to protect wildlife.
Government Groups: The Bolivian Treasury and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs budgeted US$100,000 for the Reserve in 1991. An endowment established by Conservation International (CI), LIDEMA/PL-480 and other sources cover part of recurrent costs including salaries and other operating 33
ANNEX II Page 5 of 9
expenses. UNESCO has donated US$24,900 for extension and reserve promotion in the region; UNDP, PL-480, and GTZ have donated US$49,500 for botanical training; and UNDP, UNEP, and France donated US$19,000 for agricultural training.
Current Administration and Infrastructure: In La Paz the Reserve staff in the Bolivian Academy of Science includes 1 director, 1 subdirector, and 4 additional staff. A scientific coordinator, an environmental education specialist, 1 administrator, 7 park rangers, and 5 support staff are in the field. In the Reserve there is an operations center, with facilities for the rangers and visitors, plus a primitive camp. The Reserve has a management plan.
Immediate Administrative, Infrastructural and Other Needs: Increased administration and personnel are required; training for personnel, infrastructure, equipment, tourism programs, and solutions to colonization problems.
NATIONAL FAUNAL RESERVE ULLA ULLA
Location, Size and Access: This Reserve is located in La Paz Department 60 km NE of Lake Titicaca at the base of the Apolobamba Range. It has a size of 200,000 ha. Access in seven hours year round on a dirt track from the city of La Paz. The Reserve has an altitudinal range from 3,500 to 6,000 m above sea level.
Outstanding Features: The extreme altitudinal range, with high snow capped peaks, makes the reserve scenically striking, with much tourism potential. There are also glacial lakes and vast expanses of dry plains. The reserve contains the largest populations of vicuna in Bolivia. Submontane rain forests are found in the lower parts of the reserve. Also important are the settlements of Callahuaya Indigenous people which are famous throughout the altiplano for their traditional medicine practices. This is one of the most famous regions in Bolivia for the preparation of traditional textiles.
Endemic, Impor-tant, or Endangered Species: A population of roughly 3,000 vicuna inhabit the puna in the reserve. There are also Andean condors, Chilean flamingos and other rare yet characteristic bird species of the high andes. The lakes contain an endemic fish species (Orestias Sp.). In the forest are the extremely rare spectacled bear and the taruca (a species of andean deer). There is also a rich andean flora.
Management Problems: While protection was effective in the past, hunting of waterfowl, vizcachas and vicunas in the reserve is increasing. Also the presence of about 250 families within the reserve engaging in traditional livestock grazing, and some small scale mining, have had an impact on biodiversity.
NGO's, Indigenous Groups, and Other Organizations: Callahuaya indigenous people and other groups live in the protected area. 34
ANNEX II Page 6 of 9
Government Groups: Ulla Ulla is administered by the CDF of the MACA. From 1979 to 1986 the reserve received support from an integrated rural development program funded by the World Bank. Currently some small-scale development projects (bridge construction, livestock management) in the reserve are receiving funding from the EEC channeled through the La Paz Regional Development Corporation (CORDEPAZ).
Current Administration and Infrastructure: There are three rangers and two volunteers working in the park, with a minimum of equipment, based at an experimental agricultural station.
Immediate Administrative, Infrastructural and Other Needs: Management plan, administrative staff, park rangers, training for personnel, infrastructure, equipment, tourism program, extension program for groups within the reserve, establishment of vicuna and other wildlife research programs.
NATIONAL FAUNA RESERVE EDUARDO AVAROA
Location, Size and Access: Located in the Department of Potosi on the border with Chile and Argentina. The park measures 400,000 ha and has an altitudinal range from 4,278 to 5780 m above sea level. The reserve is isolated located six to eight hours by bad roads from Uyuni (14 hours from La Paz), the nearest town. There are several airstrips within the reserve.
Outstanding Features: Extremely scenic mix of high snow capped volcanos, salt pans, vast plains, hot springs, and andean lakes. The Reserve contains an unparalleled high andean waterfowl population with excellent wetland habitat for birds including three species of flamingos (it contains critical nesting and feeding areas for these species). The reserve is recommended as a high priority for protection in the Forestry Action plan (1986), is in the Latin American System of Parks of FAO, and is included in the RAMSAR (an international agreement that deals with the protection of wetlands) agreement.
Endemic, Important, or Endangered Species: The waterfowl population includes the endemic and endangered James and Andean flamingos. The Reserve also includes the andean subspecies of Darwin's rhea (one of the most endangered birds in South America), vicuna, and the andean cat, perhaps the least known large mammal in South America, amongst other species. There are also 3 species of rare plants.
Management Problems: There are eleven small mines in the Reserve, as well as a geothermal electricity project which amongst other problems have resulted in acidification of local water sources as well as contamination with sulfur. Other problems are illegal hunting of vicuna, vizcacha, Darwin's rheas, and exploitation of flamingo eggs by campesinos, miners and the military. There are also problems with overgrazing by domestic livestock and overharvesting of wood for cooking and construction.
NGO's, Indigenous Groups, and Other Organizations: There are about 1,000 people in the reserve in three types of settlements: small villages, farms 35
ANNEX II Page 7 of 9
managed by indigenous people with livestock (llama, sheep) and agriculture, and mining camps (six private and five cooperatives).
Government Groups: The national electricity company (ENDE) has a geothermal electricity development project in the reserve which occasionally provides lodging for visitors.
Current Administration and Infrastructure: Since 1987 the CDF/MACA has assigned the ENDE geothermal project with the protection of wildlife in the Laguna Colorado (the most important place for water birds). ENDE has provided guards to stop bird egg collecting during the nesting season
Immediate Administrative, Infrastructural and Other Needs: Management plan, administrative personnel, as well as park rangers, training for all personnel, infrastructure, equipment, tourism program, program to control problems with contamination from mining, and extension and environmental education programs for local communities.
PROPOSED PROTECTED AREA MADIDI
Location and Access: The proposed protected area is located in NE La Paz Department. The proposed park has a recommended extension of 300,000 to 600,000 ha with an altitudinal range from 200-1,000 m above sea level. Access is presently by a new road being constructed between the city of La Paz and Cobija in Pando, the northern most department. There is an airstrip in the reserve.
Outstanding Features: While still little known the area of the proposed park may contain the highest levels of biodiversity in the country with a large extension of the humid montane forest of the eastern cordillera, lowland tropical moist forest, and seasonally inundated savannah. Members of a CI RAP team and a WCI cracid survey report that this is one of the finest wilderness areas in Bolivia. This park is on the border with Peru and there are possibilities of establishing a binational park.
Endemic, Important, or Endangered Species: The proposed area has very high levels of biodiversity: in 1990 in a 15 day reconnaissance 204 species of plants were found in a 0.1 ha quadrant; and 403 species of birds and 45 mammals were identified. There are at least 16 species of macaws and parrots in the park and 10% of the bird species are endemic. The primate population is rich with large populations of spider monkeys (one of the best indicators of high quality lowland tropical moist forest). There are jaguars, small eared dogs, tapirs and other flagship mammal species as well.
Management Problems: A small part of the area has been divided into logging concessions; however the isolation of the region, and the lack of access to high value trees, has led to the area being abandoned by the timber companies. 36
ANNEX II Page 8 of 9
NGO's, Indigenous Groups, and Other Organizations: Very few people live in the proposed reserve, though some Tacana indians use a small part of the area for hunting and collecting food.
Government Groups: SENMA will carry out a study to determine the reserve's boundaries, develop a preliminary operations plan, and legally create the reserve.
Current Administration and Infrastructure: None
Administrative and Infrastructural Needs: This reserve requires: a decree creating the reserve, a management plan, trained administration and park rangers, infrastructure, equipment, promotion, evaluation of indigenous peoples and other settlements, etc.
PROPOSED PROTECTED AREA CHACO
Location and Access: Located in the south central section of the Department of Santa Cruz, the park has a recommended extension of 1,000,000 ha. Access is very poor by seasonal tracks leading south from the town of San Jose de Chiquitos and Robore on the Santa Cruz-Corumba Railroad. There is an airstrip at Fortin Ravelo on the eastern edge of the proposed reserve, and several stripe at ranches on the western edge.
Outstanding Features: This is the last large untouched piece of dry Chaco habitat left. The dry Chaco is a vast region of south central South America (> 1 million km2) which has been all but ignored by conservation biologists. It has been exposed to much uncontrolled predatory development which has produced few positive economic returns and serious ecological degradation of large areas. While scenically unimpressive, it contains high levels of plant, bird, and mammal endemism; and probably contains many dry land adapted species, which may prove economically valuable in the future. The proposed protected area might also contain elements of the threatened cerrado ecosystem and wetlands. The proposed area is likely to be on the border with Paraguay thus providing the opportunity to establish a bi-national park.
Endemic, Important, or Endangered Species: There are a variety of endemic mammals including the Chacoan peccary (undiscovered until 1974) and several species of armadillos. The endangered pampas deer and probably the only population of guanacos left in the country may also be protected in the proposed area. At least 20% of the bird species are identified as endemic to the Chaco, and there are many endemic plants.
NGO's, Indigenous Groups, and Other Organizations: The area contains one of the last truly isolated indigenous group (Ayoreo Indians) in the country. On the eastern border of the reserve are Izozenao Indians, and part of the proposed reserve is still used seasonally by Ayoreo Indians subsistence hunters.
Government Groups: None. 37
ANNZX II Page 9 of 9
Current Administration and Infrastructure: None.
Administrative and Infrastructural Needs: This reserve requires: identification of area to be protected, decree creating the reserve, a management plan, trained administration and park rangers, infrastructure, equipment, promotion, and evaluation of indigenous peoples. 38
ANNEX III
BOLIVIA
BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION PROJECT
System Plan Ob;ectives and Methodolocv
1. The purpose of the system plan is to identify and provide a course of action for the protection and use of the Country's outstanding natural and cultural heritage. The system plan for protected areas would:
- assure the protection of Bolivia's most outstanding and representative ecosystems and cultural groups - encourage public understanding and promote appreciation and use of that heritage in ways which leave it unimpaired for future generations - demonstrate techniques to foster economic development through ecotourism, and sustainable use of renewable resources - provide opportunities for research - stimulate use of marginal areas.
2. The process utilized in recommending areas for inclusion into the SNAP will involve a systematic identification and analysis of those areas which best represent the natural and cultural heritage of the country. (See Figures I and II for analysis of how the eight parks were chosen for inclusion within the proposed project.) The inventory phase of the planning process will include field trips, overflights, literature review and extensive interviews with knowledgeable individuals. A matrix will be designed analyzing the full range of riverine, wetland, and terrestrial ecological zones, vegetative communities, wildlife, geology and geomorphology, and cultural and historical data. In addition consideration also will be given to the education, economic and scientific potential of proposed areas. Based on this analysis, a series of overlay maps will be prepared by SNAP using satellite and aerial photograph imagery. Subsequently this information will be correlated with national and departmental land-use priorities to minimize conflicts between critical agriculture or forestry areas and activities proposed for the park system. For example, the national land-use capabiLity map identifies lands as having potential for agriculture or agro-forestry. Combining this information with soils data, Bolivia's most productive lands can be isolated. Annex IV - PERFORMANCE TARGETS
1.1 - Institutional Support to SENMA's Direccion Nacional de Areas Protegidas v Vida Silvestre (DNAPVS) to manaee the SNAP
MATRIX OF ACTIVITIES, OBJECTIVES AND EXPECTED OUTPUT
OBJECTIVE ACTIVITY INSTITUTIONAL EXPECTED TIMING TARGETS ARRANGEMENTS OUTPUT/IMPACT (STARTING/ RESPONSIBILITIES COMPLETION)
Develop the administrative 1. Recruit required personnel SENMA: DNAPVS Complete a written document month 1-4 capacity to effectively manage outlining the stratcgy for Bolivia's protected areas. 2. Purchase equipment managing Bolivia's protected areas. month 1-4 3. Develop and implement work plan to manage Bolivia's protected month 3-60 areas
Lri I-
>4 e n 0 1.2 - Developmentof an Information System for the SNAP
MATRIX OF ACTIVITIES, OBJECTIVES AND EXPECTED OUTPUT
OBJECTIVE ACTIVITY INSTITUTIONAL EXPECTED TIMINGTARGETS ARRANGEMENTS OUTPUT/IMPACT (STARTING/ RESPONSIBILITIES COMPLETION) Asscssment of DNAPVS's 1. Assessinformation needs of the Staff Information,Planning, Reportoutlining information Completed informationrequirements for the DNAPVSand SNAP. and EvaluationUnit within needs. managementof the SNAP. DNAPVS. 2. Identifycxisting sources of Report evaluatingexisting data Completed information,cvaluate their quality sources in Bolivia.
3. Identify hardwarcand software Reporton hardwareand Completed requirements. softwarerequirements.
4. Developagreements to access Signed agreementswith CDC Months 1-6 existing data bases. (ConservationData Center) universities,data banks and other institutionsproviding the o DNAPVSwith accessto their information systems. Installation of information system I. Purchase and installation of DNAPVS Information system installed Months 6-12 hardware and software. and undergoing pilot test. Purchase 486 computer with 2. Train SNAP personnel in the potential for 2000 megabytes use of the information system. storage capacity. SNAP personnel trained in the use of the system
Drafting of user's manual on the use of the system OQ mri
011 Full operationof inforrnation 1. Furnishinformation DNAPVS Information system fully Months 13-60 system requirements of the SNAP, operational. specific protected areas and other institutions dealing with planning and management of protected areas.
2. Continually input new data into system.
1.3 - Consolidation of the Network of Protected Areas
MATRIX OF ACTIVITIES, OBJECTIVES AND EXPECTED OUTPUT
OBJECTIVE ACTIVITY INSTITUTIONAL EXPECTED TIMING TARGETS ARRANGEM ENTS OUTPUT/IMPACT (STARTING/ RESPONSIBILITIES _COMPLETION) Evaluate the existing system of 1. Use existing inforrnation and Contract consulting firm with Written evaluation report Month 1-6 protected areas as well as areas criteria to preliminarily evaluate expertise in national park not yet included in system. biological importance, ccological planning (socio-economic integrity and feasibility of analysis, biophysical data conservation of existing protected analysis, etc. for two years. areas.
2. Idcntify missing priority ecosystems and areas.
3. Identify information gaps to be filled by field studies. Conduct field studies to 1. In-situ evaluation of existing Same as above Written evaluation and Month 7-24 | Q consolidate information base. and proposed protected areas. recommendations for actions o on selected areas. F
0e.. Consolidatethe protectedareas 1. Dcvelopmentof proposalsfor Sameas above Written detailedproposals for Month25-36 systemby integratinghigh priority integratingor derogatingareas. establishingnew protected areasand derogatingareas of little DNAPVS areasor modifyingboundaries biologicalsignificance. 2. Implementresults of above of existingones. study by concretelegal and managementactions to integrateor Written justificationsfor derogate areas. derogatingcxisting areas. l
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0h Hx 1.4 - Trainine of Protected Area's Personnel
MATRIXOF ACTIVITIES,OBJECTIVES AND EXPECTEDOUTPUT
OBJECTIVE ACTIVITY INSTITUTIONAL EXPECTED TIMING TARGETS ARRANGEMENTS OUTPUT/IMPACT (STARTING/ RESPONSIBILITIES COMPLETION)
Provide basic training to all 1. Itinerant introductory courses Training unit of the DNAPVS Better understanding of Month 8-14 (2 weeks personnel on the basic principles for all protected areas personnel to in coordination with each protected area management per area) of protected area management. be held in 6 protected areas. protected area. One principles in the part of all instructor for 6 months, I in SNAP personnel. Ieachpark.
Develop a team of highly trained I. A two year training program for DNAPVS 4 Instructors for 2 40 park guards trained in two Graduating class 1: mid and high-level park guards to high and mid-level park guards. years each. graduating classes. Each Month 13-36 manage the SNAP. Training plan as follows: First student would have had 6 year: 3 months classroom training months of classroom training Graduating class 2: and 9 months in the field with in- and 18 months of in-situ Month 2548 situ training by itinerant training. instructors. Second year: 2 monihs classroom training and 9 months in w the field with in-situ training by itinerant instructors, and I month of wrap up courses and evalualions.
Develop a team of highly trained 1. A one year training program for DNAPVS 4 Instructors for 19 60 park guards trained in two Graduating class 1: low-level park guard to manage low-level park guards. Training months each. Asst. trainers graduating classes. Each Month 22-30 the SNAP. plan as follows: 3 months for 24 and 16 months each. student would have had 3 classroom training and 6 months in months of classroom training Graduating class 2: the field with in-situ training by and 6 months of in-situ Month 34-42 itinerant instructors. training. P3 Z Improve the management skills of 1. A one month OQ ~ intensive training Short-term consultants Upgrade the skills of all Month 11 t r'4 park managers program for park managers. DNAPVS existing park managers in the X SNAP o H
Un Planand coordinatetraining 1. Contractcoordinator and Training coordinatorto Work plan for training Months 1-3 programto ensurecoordination contract out and supervisetraining managethe Training Unit of activities. andadequate execution of programcomponents for the the DNAPVS activities SNAP. Written evaluationof each Month 3-51 course. 2. Evaluateeach course and provide written report on results, Written annualevaluation of Months 12, 24, 36, 48 and suggestionsfor adjustmentsin the training programwith & 60. implementation. recommendationsfor changcs andimprovements.
e 4 0 1
La 1.5 - Program of Control. Reeulation and Establishment of Policies and Procedures for the SNAP
MATRIX OF ACTIVITIES, OBJECTIVES AND EXPECTED OUTPUT
OBJECTIVE ACTIVITY INSTITUTIONAL EXPECTED TIMING TARGETS ARRANGEMENTS OUTPUT/IMPACT (STARTING/ RESPONSIBILITIES COMPLETION)
Develop policy, rules and 1. Draft manual outlining Coordinator of Control and A written document containing Month 3-8 procedures for the SNAP, procedures, and regulations of the EnforcementProgram to be the procedures and regulations SNAP contractod by DNAPVS of the SNAP to be used by
protected areas personnel __
Develop radio communications 1. Establish radio communication Same as above Radio equipment installed and Month 5-8 networkto supervise the SNAP with 3 protected areas working in 3 protctied areas and coordinate control and cnforcement activities in the 2. Establish radio communication Effective radio communication Month 13-18 protected areas, wilh 5 remaining priority areas with remaining 5 areas
Manage and supervise control and 1. On-going implementation of Same as above Systematic and uniform Month 9-60 enforcementactivitics of the procedures and regulations. application of procedures and SNAP according to uniform regulations in at least8 policics and guidelines. Visit priority protected areas. problem areas as frequently as Effective supervision of the needed. SNAP.
I3.. 0< 2. 1 - Coordinationfor the Developmentof ManaaementPlans
MATRIXOF ACTIVITIES, OBJECTIVESAND EXPECTEDOUTPUT
OBJECTIVE ACTIVITY INSTITUTIONAL EXPECTED TIMING TARGETS ARRANGEMENTS OUTPUT/IMPACT (STARTING/ RESPONSIBILITIES COMPLETION) Provide the DNAPVS with 1. Hiring of a consultant specialist Consultant working within the Uniform park management Month 1-4 hiring; expertise to manage the protected in protected area management to DNAPVS - 4 person months plans. areas planning process. develop a uniform framework for management plans. Improve ability of Bolivian 1. Conduct 2 week workshop for Same as above Proposals from various Month 4 technicians in the preparation of potential bidders for management institutions reflecting park management plan proposals plan contracts to discuss the terms understanding of terms of of reference and work reference and uniformity of methodology, methodology. Process intemational competitive I. Finalize terms of reference for DNAPVS Planning and Terms of reference for Month 1, month 13, bids and select consultants to bids, coordination in conjunction management plans and month 25, month 1-2 develop management plans. with procurement entity. methodology for proposal a 2. Develop methodology for evaluation. proposal evaluation. Bids received and processed. 3. Evaluate proposals. Selection of and negotiations Months 2-4, 14-16,26- with consultants. 28. 4. Award and sign contracts. Months 5.7, and 29. Supervise and coordinate the 1. Field research and preparation Consultants to the DNAPVS, Seven management plans that Month 5-36 development of management plans of management plans. selected through international are adjusted to and follow the for 7 priority protected areas. bidding process. general guidelines provided by the DNAVPS and which take into account all recevant o aspects of the area's X z biological, geographical, co H social, cubural and economic o C features, the needs and activities of local communities and incorporate them in thc management and planning ______process.ss _____poc Implement managementplans 1. Developannual operating plan DNAPVS Annual operatingplans for 8 Month 12-60 basedon managementplan. protectedareas.
2. Carry out work program DNAPVSin coordination Specificprograms as outlined Month 13-60 definedby managcmentplans with NGO's andother in operatingpans. organizationsyet to be defined. Evaluate managementplan 1. Evaluationof managementplan PlanningCoordinator Documentevaluating protected Months 13-60 implementationto ensurethat implementationand effectiveness. areamanagement plans managementis effcctiveand implementation adaptingto changingconditions and availability of improveddata on eacharea.
-4
'0
ILo A 2.2 - Suoport to key existine protected areas I/
MATRIX OF ACTIVITIES,OBJECTIVES AND EXPECTED OUTPUT
OBJECTIVE ACTIVITY INSTITUTIONAL EXPECTED TIMING TARGETS ARRANGEMENTS OUTPUT/IMPACT (STARTING/ RESPONSIBILITIES COMPLETION)
Protection of Amboro N.P. Hire personnel, purchase DNAPVS in conjunction with Adequate management and 12-60 equipmentand develop NGOs as appropriate (specific protection of the area based on infrastructure required to activities to be carried out by the implementation of annual adequately manage the area. NGOs to be defmned). work plans.
Protection of Noel Kempff same same same 12-60 Mercado N.P.
Protection of Beni Biological same same same 12-60 Station
Protection of Ulla Ulla N.P same same same 12-60
I/ Carlasco N.P. and Edwardo Avaroa V.R. will only be provided with management plans ao
I-
I-A 0 ol 2.3 - Establishment of Two Protected Areas: Gaps in the System
MATRIX OF ACTIVITIES,OBJECTIVES AND EXPECTEDOUTPUT
OBJECTIVE ACTIVITY INSTITUTIONAL EXPECTED TIMING TARGETS ARRANGEMENTS OUTPUT/IMPACT (STARTING/ RESPONSIBILITIES COMPLETION)_ Establish a viable protected area 1. Develop management plan for DNAPVS in conjunction with Adequate management and Month 13-60 in the Alto Madidi. the area. NGOs as appropriate (specific protection of the area based on activities to be carried out by the implementationof annual 2. Hire personnel, provide NGOs lo be defined). work plans. training, purchase equipment and develop infrastructure required to adequalely manage the area. Legally establish one or more 1. Carry out field studies required Consultants to the DNAPVS, Proposal for the establishment Month 4-10 protectcd areas as required to to draft comprehensive proposal selected through international of the area providing a encompass the various habitat for the establishment of one or bidding process. juslification and defining types of the Chaco region in need more protected areas. Develop socially and ecologically of protection. legislation and obtain approval to viable boundaries for the area. legally declare the area(s) as l protected.
2. Develop management plan for Month 27-34l the area(s).
0 F-n 2.4 - Environmental Education and Extension Around Protected Areas
MATRIXOF ACTIVITIES, OBJECTIVESAND EXPECTEDOUTPUT
OBJECTIVE ACTIVITY INSTITUTIONAL EXPECTED TIMING TARGETS ARRANGEMENTS OUTPUT/IMPACT (STARTINGI RESPONSIBILITIES COMPLETION)
Develop capability within the 1. Contract Program Coordinator DNAPVS (environmental Work plan for environmental Month 13-16 DNAPVS to organize and education coordinator) cducation program to ensure supervise environmental 2. Draft work plan for better management ot Month 17-20 education/outreach program environmental education program. protected areas.
Build a team of environmental 1. Recruit educators for each DNAPVS Build a fully trained team of at Month 14-15 educators/extension workers to protected area (preferably from a least 6 community based carry out in-situ environmental community near the protected area environmental educators. education/communityoutreach itselo. programs. 2. Carry out initial intensive training course. o Develop and implement 1. Develop didactic materials to be DNAPVS in coordination Education and outreach Month 12-60 environmcntal education program used in the protected areas (videos, with each protected area. programs tailored to each to provide an understanding to the brochures, posters, etc). specific area. These include surrounding communities of the The DNAPVS will contract among others, environmental importance of conservation of 2. Develop programs tailored to out the development of workshops, visits by groups to natural resources in sustainable the needs of each protected area. specific didactic materials. the protected area. activites in buffer zones. development of didactic 3. Hold on-going training materials, etc. programs and site visits to improve park guards and promotors Annual reports from each Months 24,36,48,& f'd effectiveness in the field. educator summarizing 60. programs and >C accomplishments. 0 Summary report and subsequent year work plan by Months 25,37,49 program coordinator. 3.1 - Evaluation of the economic importance of the protected areas, and recompilation of traditional knowledge
MATRIX OF ACTIVITIES,OBJECTIVES AND EXPECTEDOUTPUT
OBJECTIVE ACTIVITY INSTITUTIONAL EXPECTED TIMING TARGETS ARRANGEMENTS OUTPUTIIMPACT (STARTING/ RESPONSIBILITIES COMPLETION)
Review existing knowledge of 1. Contract Specialist Specialist contracledfor I Report on existing uses of Month 13-16 sustainable wildlife utilization. year wildlife, evaluating success 2. Carry out literature rcview. and failures. Month 17-22
Evaluate pressure on wildlife 1. Carry out survey of a Consultants to the DNAPVS Survey of resource utilization Month 19-26 resources and recommend suitable representative sample of population in cooperation with staff in among communities around species for management. around protecicd areas. specific protected areas protected areas.
2. Analyze data and produce report making recommendations of suitable species for pilot projects.
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I- 3.2 - Developmentof Proposalsfor Pilot Proiectsof SgeciesManagement and In Situ Conservationof Germplasm
MATRIX OF ACTIVITIES, OBJECTIVESAND EXPECTEDOUTPUT
OBJECTIVE ACTIVITY INSTITUTIONAL EXPECTED TIMING TARGETS ARRANGEMENTS OUTPUTIIMPACT (STARTING/ RESPONSIBILITIES COMPLETION) Develop specific proposals for I. Contact Consultant Consultants to the DNAPVS Reach preliminary agreements Month 21-24 pilot projects for the sustainable working in coordination with with local communities use of wildlife species. 2. Work with local communities to local communities, regarding pilot projects. identify potential projects, and draft proposals for specific pilot Develop comprehensive Month 25-30 projects. proposals for 2 or 3 specific wildlife utilization pilot projects. | Identify germplasm in need of 1. Evaluate germplasm Consultants to the DNAPVS. Report with recommendations Month 25-36 conservation. conservation priorities, on germplasm in need of conservation. 2. Develop specific proposals for conservation of germplasm in-situ. Specific proposals for in-situ Month 25-36 t conservation of germplasm.
P) x
4H 0 o C 4.0 - Develoomentof Stratceicsfor Long term Fundineof ProtectedAreas
MATRIX OF ACTIVITIES, OBJECTIVESAND EXPECTED OUTPUT
OBJECTIVE ACTIVITY INSTITUTIONAL EXPECTED TIMING TARGETS ARRANGEMENTS OUTPUT/IMPACT (STARTING/ RESPONSIBILITIES COMPLETION) Evaluate thc potential revenue I. Contract Consultant FONAMA. A report with policy Month 4-5 sources for long term management recommendations and an of protected areas. 2. Prepare report analyzing action plan to pursue these Month 6 potential sources of long term options. funding for protected areas.
5.0 - Monitorine and Evaluation
MATRIXOF ACTIVITIES,OBJECTIVES AND EXPECTEDOUTPUT
OBJECTIVE ACTIVITY INSTITUTIONAL EXPECTED TIMING TARGETS ARRANGEMENTS OUTPUT/IMPACT (STARTING/ RESPONSIBILITIES COMPLETION) Monitor and evaluate project Continual and annualevaluation Consultants to the DNAPVS Annual reviews with Months 1-60 progress and impact. exercises for each park to provide recommendations for project feedback to the SNAP. and to fine tuning. pi annual and mid-term reviews. M
ol X 0 Annex V - IMPLEMENTATION INDICATORS - BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION PROJECT
ACTIVITY PYl PY2 PY3 f PY4 PY5 1-6 -7-12 1-8 924 25-30 1 31-36 37-42 1 43-48 49-54 56 1.1 Establish DNAPVS -Recruit Personnel (ongoing) xxxx -Purchase Equipment xxxx -Develop and Implement Work Plan xxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx 1.2 Develop Information System -Assess Needsand Purchase xxxxxx Equipment (ongoing) -Contract Consultants xxxxxx -Install Information System xxxxxx -Operate System xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx 1.3 ConsolidatIon of Protected Area System -EvaluateSystem xxxxxx -Conrduct FieLdStudies xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx -ConsolidateSystem XXXXXX XXXXXX 1.4 Training of Protected Area Personnel -Contract Training Coordinator xxx -Coordinate Training Program xxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx and Evaluation -IntroductoryTraining Program XXXXX -Mid and High Level Guard Course xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx
-Hid and High Level Guard xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx -Low Level Guard Course I xxx xxxxxx -Low Level Guard Course 2 xxxxxx xxxx -Protected Area Manager Short x x x x Course & Workshops
1.5 Control, Enforcement end Regulation Program -Contract Coordinator xx -Develop Policy, Rules, x xXXX Procedures and Manual -Setup Radio Network, Phase 1 XX XX oq -SetupRadio Network,Phase 2 xxxxxx -Manageand SuperviseControl and xxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx 0 Enforcement Activities b-Fe ACTIVITY PYVz5 PYI PY3 PY4 PY5 1-6 | 7-12 |13-18 9Z 25-30o3 31-36 - 3-2|4-48 49-541 55-60 2.1 Coordinate and Manage Development and Implementation of Management Plans xxxx -Contract Consultants x -ManagmentPlan Training Course xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxx -Select Consultantsto Produce ManagmentPlans for IndividualAreas xx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx -Develop ManagementPlans x xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx -DevelopAnnual Operating Plans xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx based on ManagementPlan xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx -Carry out Work Program Defined by ManagementPlan xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx -EvaluateManagement Plan xxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx Implementation
2.2 Protected Area Support Program
-CarrascoNational Park |*Management Plan _ xx xxxxxx . -Amboro National Park *Hiring PersonneL xx xxxxxx *BoundaryMarking x xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx |' *CiviL Uorks and Building xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx Furnishing *Purchase of Transportation xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx *PurchaseEquipment xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx *ManagementPlan xxxx xxxxxx
-Noel Kempff Mercado National Park *Hiring Personnel xxxxxx xxxxxx xx xx *PurchaseEquipment xx xx xx xx *ManagementPlan xxx xxxxxx -Beni BiologicalStation *Hiring Personnel xxxxxx xx xx *Boundary Marking xxxxxx I Z *Civil Works and Building xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx Z Furnishing D X4 *Purchaseof Transportation xxxxxx *PurchaseEquipment xxxxxx xxxxxx _ 0 -EduardoAvaroa Wixdxife Reserve . *ManagementPlan xxxxxxxx _ _ ACTIVITY PyI PY2 PY3 PY4 PY5
_ 1-6 7-12 13-18 1 19-24 25-30 1 31-36 37-42 43-48 49-54 55-60
-Utla Ulla lational Park *Hiring Personnel xxxxxx xxxx xx *Boundary Marking xxxxxx xxxxxx *Civil Works and Building xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx Furnishing *Purchase of Transportation xxxx xxxx x *Purchase Equipment xxxxxx xxxxxx xxx *Management Plan xx xxxxxx x -Madidi National Park *Hiring Personnel xx xx xx xx xx *Boundary Marking xxxxxx *CiviL Works and Building xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx Furnishing *Purchase of Transportation xxxx xxxx xxxx *Purchase Equipment xxxx xxxx xxxx *Management Plan xxxx xxxx 2.3 Establishment of Chaco National Park *Diagnostic to establish xxx xxxx reserve boundaries xxxx xxxx *ManagemnentPlan xn 2.4 Environmental Education and Extension Program -Contract Program Coordinator xxx x -Develop Work Plan xx xx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx -Carry out Intensive training Course and ongoing Courses for Park Promotors and Guards -Develop Envirorvental xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx Education Materials for use by Promotors and Conduct Envirormental Education and Extension Program _ _ _
3.1 Evaluation of the Economic Impontance of Protected Areas w -Contract Consultant and xxxoC Interviewers xx xxxx 0 -LiteratureReview xxx x -Field Survey of Commainities in xxixxx xx and near Protected Areas and Produce Final Report ACTIVITY 1-6 7-1 PY2 PY3 PY4 PY5
___1|9_41-6 | 7-12 13-18 19-24 25-30| 31-36 37-42 43-48|49-5
3.2 Develop Proposals for PNot Projects for Species Management and Gefmplasm Conservation -Contract Consultant xxxx -Develop Specific ProposaLsfor Pilot Projects -Develop Gerupiasm xxxxxx xxxxxx Conservation Proposals ______4.0 Develop Strategies for Long Ten,, Funding -Contract Consuttant xx -Develop Strategy Docunent x 5.0 Monitoring and Evaluation -Monitoring and Evaluation of J xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx XXAXXX Project Progress I
Ln -.
( 51
0 'h 58
ANNEX VI Page 1 of 4
BOLIVIA
BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION PROJECT
Outline for Management Plans
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1. INTRODUCTION A. REGIONAL AND NATIONAL OVERVIEW S. TOURISM AND NATIONAL PARKS IN THE REGION
II. BIODIVERSITY A. Inventory Procedures 1. Ecosystem a. Remote Sensing/Geographic Information System assessment of ecosystem areas and boundaries. b. On-the-ground examination of ecosystems. 2. Species a. Baseline assessment of critical species' populations using appropriate census methods. B. Monitoring Procedures 1. Ecosystem a. Remote Sensing/Geographic Information System periodic re-assessment of habitat areas and boundaries. b. Periodic on-the-ground examination of ecosystems. 2. Species a. Annual re-assessment of critical species populations using appropriate census methods. C. Baseline Ecosystem Data 1. General Ecosystem Information a. Climate b. Geology c. Geomorphology d. Geography e. Hydrology 2. Specific Aquatic Ecosystem Data (list of aquatic ecosystems present on the project area along with a brief description of dominant species and characteristics along with estimated area). a. Riparian (as an example) b. Lacustrine 3. Specific Terrestrial Ecosystem Data (list of terrestrial ecosystems present on the project area along with a brief description of dominant characteristics and species along with estimated are). a. Lowland Wet Tropical Forest (as an example) b. Swamp Forest 59
ANNEX VI Page 2 of 4
D. Baseline Species Data (for each species, include preferred habitat, estimated population size, and reason for inclusion). 1. CITES Species 2. Indicator Species 3. Species of Economic Importance 4. Migratory Species a. Nearctic Migrants b. Austral Migrants c. Intratropical Migrants 5. Keystone Species 6. Area-sensitive Species 7. Flagship Species 8. Exotic/Pest Species 9. Endemic Species E. Identified Threats to Biodiversity F. Programs for Maintenance of Biodiversity. G. Database System Maintenance and Reporting.
III. BACKGROUND INFORMATION A. Recreational Use B. Boundaries and Land Use C. Policy and Legislation D. Determination of Benefits
IV. MANAGEMENTAND DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL PARK A. Policy and Objectives of the National Park B. Zoning C. Terrestrial Resource Management Program D. Visitor Use Program 1. Environmental Education 2. Visitor Safety 3. Park Headquarters and Visitor Center for the National Park E. Installations, Construction, and Groundswork F. Riverine and Wetland Resource Management Program For the National Park G. Administration H. Investment and Operating Costs of the National Park 1. Land 2. Infrastructure 3. Natural Resource Works 4. Park Headquarters and Visitor Center 5. Interpretation and Research 6. Personnel Costs I. Sources of Park Income for the National Park
V. FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT A. Projected Economic Benefits to the Region B. Visitor Outside-Park Expenditure C. Appreciation of Contiguous Property 60
ANNEX VI Page 3 of 4
D. Natural Resource Conservation E. Employment Impact F. Foreign Exchange Impact G. Impact on the Revitalization of the Region
VI. THE CULTURAL RESOURCE BASE AND COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION A. Inventory of Indigenous and Colonization Groups 1. Traditional organization and decision-making pprocess in the region 2. Social infrastructure 3. Resource use patterns and economic baeline assessment (wildlife cropping and extractive use) 4. Population census aggregated by group 5. Land Tenure 6. Traditional resource use/users 7. Definition - of Resource/Group Conflicts B. Identification of Restrictions and Alternatives (QUID PRO QUO) 1. Resstrictions on land & biological resources 2. Economically viable alternatives 3. Provisions for basic human needs C. Community Participation Program 1. System to ensure adequate representation 2. Formulation of committees and outreach work 3. Coordination and collaboration with NGOs, community based groups and social organizations D. Monitoring and Evaluation Program: Objectives of Community Participation 1. Local representation and management committees 2. Equitable distribution of resources and income 3. Land-base conflict resolution 4. Adequacy of workshops and training 5. Decisions taken in workshops to improve management plans and overall project design 6. Effectiveness of social outreach workers 7. Strategy to minimize encrochments into Core Area a. income base and alternative sources of income b. education/awareness program c. granting of land titles d. improved enforcement APPENDIX I - WILDLIFE
APPENDIX II - MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT SCHEDULE
APPENDIX III - TOURISM DEMAND
APPENDIX IV - THE ECONOMICS OF TOURISM IN BOLIVIA
APPENDIX V - CAPITAL, MAINTENANCE, AND PERSONNEL COSTS
APPENDIX VI - FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF RESTAURANT AND HOTEL DEVELOPMENT 61
ANNEX VI Page 4 of 4
APPENDIX VII - SELF-GUIDING INTERPRETIVE TRAILS
APPENDIX VIII - ACTION PLAN FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECOTOURISM IN THE REGION
REFERENCES
LIST OF MAPS, SCHEMATIC ELEVATIONS. AND FIGURES
Map 1. Map of Bolivia indicating the national park Map 2. Map of Region indicating the proposed or established national park and proposed buffer areas. Map 3. Proposed Development Sites showing zoning (Wilderness Area, Intensive Use Area, etc.) Map 4. Soils Maps of National Park or Protected Area Map 5. Topographic Maps of National Park or Protected Area Map 6. Land Use Maps of National Park or Protected Area Map 7. Land Capability Maps of National Park Map 8. Vegetation Zones and Land Ownership of the National Parks Maps 9. Base Maps showing AB transect lines through the parks as represented on the Schematic Elevations. Maps 10. Zoning and Infrastructure for the National Parks
Schematic 1. Schematic Elevations of the National Park or Protected Area
Site Plan 1. Proposed National Park - Recreation Areas. 62 ANNX VII
BOLIVIA
BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION PROJECT
Glossarv
Biological Diversity (biodiversity): The variety and variability among living organisms and the ecological complexes in which they occur.
Biosphere Reserve: A unique category of protected areas combining both conservation and sustainable use of natural resources. Each biosphere reserve conserves examples of characteristic ecosystems of one of the world's natural regions.
Buffer Zone: An area surrounding a conservation or protected area which is extensive enough to insulate the protected core from the dispersion of exotic genetic material. Land uses in a buffer zone must be compatible with its primary function of maintaining the core.
Ecosystem: A community of organisms interacting with one another and the environment in which they are found. Ecosystem boundaries are often physical (such as watersheds, fields, or lakes).
Ex-situ: The management of planted stands of trees outside of their natural range; the conservation or preservation of trees as seed, pollen, tissue culture or excised plant parts.
Geographic Information System (GIS): Employs an array of spatial information (maps) and displays such data as themes (forest cover, pollution damage, habitats, etc.) to overlay, spread or otherwise objectively analyze and display the solution to a land management problem.
Germplasm: Living reproductive material including pollen, seeds and plants and their parts.
Germplasm collection: A collection of many different varieties, species or subspecies representing a diverse collection of genetic material.
In-situ: The managing of organisms in their natural state or within their normal range.
Reforestation: The introduction of trees on land from which they had previously been removed. 63
ANNEX VIII
BOLIVIA
BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION PROJECT
List of Documents Available in Prolect File
1. Ley General del Medio Ambiente, H. Congreso Nacional
2. SENMA - "Plan Trienal 1992-1995"
3. SENMA - Draft "Estatutos Organicos"
4. World Bank - "Bolivia Environmental Issues Paper," October 16, 1989
5. Brady C. Ronald, "The Bolivian Environmental Protection Movement; A Current Assessment," Princeton University, August 1990.
6. Finot Asociados - "Diagnostico Institutional del Medio Ambiente" (3 volumes)
7. Ministry of Agriculture, "Pausa Ecologica Historica" January 11, 1990
8. SENMA - "Que Camino Debemos Andar... March 1992
9. FONAMA - "Plan Trienal de Inversiones 1992-94, April 1992, Draft Estatutos Organicos and Operations Manual
10. Detailed Project Cost Estimates
11. TORs and Outline for Management Plans
12. Ivan Finot, "Bolivia 1972-1990 Evaluacion y Prospectiva" December 1991
13. LIDEMA - "Bolivia: Poblacion y Medio Ambiente", September 1991
14. Preliminary Draft of the Trust Fund
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