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Standard Legend 1995

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Standard Legend 1995 STANDARD LEGEND 1995 Date of issue : October 1995 The copyright of this document is vested in Shell International Exploration and Production B.V., The Hague, the Netherlands. All rights reserved. This document may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior written consent of the copyright owner, except for the purpose of commercial exploitation. SHELL INTERNATIONAL EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION B.V., THE HAGUE Further copies can be obtained from SIEP, Document Centre if approved by the custodian of this document. INTRODUCTION The Shell Exploration & Production Standard Legend 1995 is the Shell standard for symbols, abbreviations, display formats and terminology applied in hydrocarbon exploration and petroleum engineering. The beginnings of the document can be traced back for some 60 years and consequently its contents reflect both long established and recently introduced practices, as well as international conventions. Some contents of this document are also to be found in the "AAPG Sample Examination Manual" (Swanson, 1981). The aim of this document is to promote a standard for communication within Shell's worldwide operating organisation, and within industry and academia. The document is also available on a CD-ROM (inserted in the back cover). However, for copyright reasons the CD-ROM does not include the fold-out figures. Appendix 7 contains a short guide on its use. Symbols which are individually numbered can be copied from the CD-ROM into other applications. This Standard Legend 1995 is a revision of the 1976 edition. Definitions have been largely omitted; for these, the user is referred to the "Glossary of Geology" (Bates & Jackson, 1987) and the "Geological Nomenclature" (Visser, 1980). The contents of the various chapters are: - Chapter 1.0 General contains sections on Rules for Abbreviations, Report Presentation, and Standard Documents, such as Mud Log, Electrical Log Displays, Well Completion (Composite) Log, Well Proposal, Well Résumé, Play Maps and Cross-sections. - Chapter 2.0 Wells and Hydrocarbons comprises sections such as Well Symbols on Maps and Sections, Well Bore Symbols, Hydrocarbon Shows, Hydrocarbon Fields and Surface Hydrocarbon Seeps. - Chapter 3.0 Topography is based mainly on international conventions. - Chapter 4.0 Geology contains the key sections Lithology, Rock Description, and Stratigraphy including Sequence Stratigraphy. Two stratigraphical charts, 'Geological Data Tables Cenozoic - Mesozoic and Palaeozoic', are enclosed. The section Depositional Environments includes abbreviations and colour codes for palaeobathymetry, and a terminology for detailed facies analysis. The section Palaeogeographical Maps proposes two standards, one for basin scale maps and one for continental/global scale maps. The section Structural Geology includes a subsection on Trap Description. - Chapter 5.0 Geochemistry deals with source rocks, their evaluation, maturity and burial. - Chapter 6.0 Geophysics is a major chapter including Gravity and Magnetics. The section Seismic also encompasses entries on Seismic Interpretation including Seismic Attribute Maps and Seismic Stratigraphy, and Well Shoot and Vertical Seismic Profile. - The Alphabetical Index and the Alphabetical Listing of Abbreviations are to be found at the end of this document, together with a number of Appendices, including one on the RGB/CMYK values of the various colours to be used. The 1995 edition is the result of a multidisciplinary effort by a group of geologists, stratigraphers, geophysicists, geochemists, petroleum engineers and operations engineers from SIEP, Research and Operating Companies striving for consensus without dogma. The Project Steering Group, compiler and contributors hope that this new edition will be as widely used as its 1976 predecessor. The Shell Standard Legend 1995 is classed as a non-confidential document. The Hague, September 1995. The Project Steering Group for the Standard Legend 1995 was: R. Buchanan P.A.B. Marke P.J.D. van Ditzhuijzen B.M. Reinhardt J.R. Freake L.L. Wakefield D.L. Loftus G.J. Williams The main contributors were: J.W. Burggraaff H.P. Mohr T.J. Faulkner J.C. Mondt P.S. Featherstone M.A. Naylor G.E.A. Foubert E.J.M. Overboom E.A. Haan Y.M. Quillien Ms B.K. Howe M.W. Shuster P.J.F. Jeans G.S. Steffens G.W.M. Lijmbach M. Wannier The final draft was reviewed by the Steering Group, Exploration/Production staff of Shell Research B.V., and the following OpCos: Brunei Shell Petroleum Co Sdn Bhd Shell UK Exploration & Production Ltd Nederlandse Aardolie Maatschappij B.V. The Shell Petroleum Development Co of Nigeria Ltd Petroleum Development Oman LLC Sabah Shell Petroleum Co Ltd/Sarawak Shell Bhd Support was also received from Draughting, Desk-Top Publishing, Information Technology and Editing staff: E.P.J. Clavaux J.H. Lek C. van den Ende E.C.M. Schmidt Ms J.J. Hillebrandt J.J. Wachters R.M. Holsnijders A.N.R. Wright Acknowledgements for granting copyrights are due to Professor W.B. Harland (Cambridge), Dr B.U. Haq (Washington), and Nederlandse Aardolie Maatschappij B.V. Compiler and Editor: W.G. Witt Sponsor: D.L. Loftus CONTENTS LIST 1.0 GENERAL 1.1 Rules for Abbreviations 1.2 Report Presentation 1.3 Standard Documents 1.3.1 Mud Log 1.3.2 Electrical Log Displays 1.3.3 Well Completion (Composite) Log 1.3.4 Well Proposal 1.3.5 Well Résumé 1.3.6 Play Maps and Cross-sections 2.0 WELLS AND HYDROCARBONS 2.1 Well Symbols on Maps and Sections 2.1.1 Surface Location Symbols 2.1.2 Subsurface Location Symbols 2.1.2.1 Technical Status 2.1.2.2 Hydrocarbon Status 2.1.2.3 Production Status 2.1.2.4 Injection Status 2.1.2.5 Completion Status 2.1.2.6 Geological/Structural Information 2.1.2.7 Type of Well 2.1.3 Deviated Holes 2.1.4 Horizontal Holes 2.1.5 Multilateral Holes 2.1.6 Multilateral Horizontal Holes 2.2 Well Bore Symbols 2.2.1 General Drilling Data 2.2.2 Formation Lithological Sampling and Dip Data 2.2.3 Casing and Cementations 2.2.4 Completion Methods 2.2.5 Formation Treatment 2.2.6 Production Test Results and Data 2.2.7 Lithology 2.2.8 Hydrocarbons, Gases and Waters 2.2.8.1 Gas 2.2.8.2 Oil 2.2.8.3 Solid Hydrocarbons 2.2.8.4 Formation Waters 2.2.8.5 Vintage Hydrocarbon Show Symbols 2.3 Hydrocarbon Show Reporting 2.4 Hydrocarbon Fields and Prospects on Maps and Sections, Colour Coding 2.5 Surface Hydrocarbon and Water Seeps (Shows) on Maps 2.5.1 Gas 2.5.2 Oil 2.5.3 Solid Hydrocarbons 2.5.4 Surface Water Springs, Seepages 2.5.5 Mud Volcanoes 3.0 TOPOGRAPHY 3.1 Survey Datum 3.2 Survey Reference Points 3.2.1 Horizontal Control Points 3.2.2 Vertical Control Points 3.2.3 Other Position Markers 3.2.4 Survey Control Lines 3.3 Boundaries 3.3.1 Political Boundaries 3.3.2 Concession Boundaries 3.3.3 Area Limits Offshore 3.3.4 Area Limits on Land 3.4 Artificial Features 3.4.1 Linear Features 3.4.2 Point Features 3.4.3 Area Features 3.4.4 Offshore Structures and Markers 3.4.5 Informative Symbols 3.5 Natural Features 3.5.1 Linear Features 3.5.2 Point Features 3.5.3 Area Features 3.5.4 Environmental Maps 3.6 Elevation Contours 3.7 Bathymetric Contours 4.0 GEOLOGY 4.1 Photogeology 4.1.1 Morphological Features 4.1.2 Geological Features 4.2 Lithology 4.2.1 Order of Description 4.2.2 Siliciclastics 4.2.2.1 Framework Composition 4.2.2.2 Siliciclastic Lithotypes 4.2.3 Carbonates 4.2.3.1 Carbonate Classification 4.2.3.2 Carbonate Lithotypes 4.2.4 Mixed Siliciclastics-Carbonates 4.2.5 Evaporites 4.2.6 Organic-rich Rocks 4.2.7 Miscellaneous Sediments 4.2.8 Igneous Rocks 4.2.8.1 Intrusive (Plutonic) Rocks 4.2.8.2 Dykes, Sills 4.2.8.3 Extrusive (Volcanic) Rocks 4.2.8.4 Ophiolites 4.2.9 Metamorphic Rocks 4.2.10 Lithological Colour Symbols 4.3 Rock Description 4.3.1 Texture and Composition 4.3.1.1 Grain Size 4.3.1.2 Sorting 4.3.1.3 Roundness 4.3.1.4 Sphericity 4.3.1.5 Compaction 4.3.1.6 Non-skeletal Particles 4.3.1.7 Non-skeletal Particle Texture and Size 4.3.1.8 Pellets and Coated Grains 4.3.1.9 Skeletal Particles 4.3.1.10 Compositional Siliciclastics Classification 4.3.2 Porosity and Permeability 4.3.2.1 Fabric Selective Porosity 4.3.2.2 Non-fabric Selective Porosity 4.3.2.3 Relative Timing of Porosity Generation 4.3.2.4 Porosity (qualitative by visual estimate) 4.3.2.5 Permeability (qualitative) 4.3.2.6 Archie Classification 4.3.2.7 Archie Porosity Types 4.3.3 Colour Description 4.3.3.1 Colours 4.3.3.2 Modifying Adjectives 4.3.4 Accessory Minerals 4.3.5 Fossils 4.3.5.1 Fossils, General 4.3.5.2 Fossils, Specific 4.3.5.3 Ichnofossils 4.3.5.4 Organogenic Structures 4.3.6 Stratification and Sedimentary Structures 4.3.6.1 Bed Thickness 4.3.6.2 Bedding Appearance 4.3.6.3 Character of Base of Bed 4.3.6.4 Miscellaneous Terms 4.3.6.5 Large Sedimentary Features 4.3.6.6 Cross-bedding 4.3.6.7 Ripplemarks on Bedding Planes 4.3.6.8 Horizontal Lamination 4.3.6.9 Wavy/Irregular/Lenticular Stratification 4.3.6.10 Graded Beds 4.3.6.11 Lineations on Bedding Planes 4.3.6.12 Soft Sediment Deformation 4.3.6.13 Syndepositional Marks and Miscellaneous Structures 4.3.7 Post-depositional Features 4.3.7.1 Miscellaneous Post-depositional Features 4.3.7.2 Diagenetic Structures 4.3.7.3 Nodules/Concretions 4.4 Stratigraphy 4.4.1 Lithostratigraphy 4.4.1.1 Lithostratigraphical Terminology 4.4.1.2 Lithostratigraphical Gaps 4.4.2 Biostratigraphy 4.4.2.1 Zonal Terminology 4.4.2.2 Zones/Zonation 4.4.2.3 Quantity Symbols for Distribution Charts 4.4.3 Chronostratigraphy and Geochronology 4.4.4 Sequence Stratigraphy 4.4.5 Stratigraphical Boundaries on Maps 4.4.5.1 General 4.4.5.2 Layer Maps 4.4.6 Gaps and Unknown Formations
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