Tuesday, October 28, 1980 Published by the University of Pennsylvania Volume 27, Number 10

The President is Elected: Sheldon Hackney All 37 eligible hands went up when Chair- questions about Dr. Hackney's qualifica- man Paul F. Miller Jr. called for the "ayes" tions. To the key questions, these were some at Friday's open meeting ofthe Trustees. Dr. of the answers: Sheldon Hackney, award-winning historian, On administrative ability: Charles Wolf former provost of Princeton and president quoted references who said Dr. Hackney of Tulane, will take office February I as the "left no unsolved problems at Princeton," sixth president of the University of Penn- and balanced the Tulane budget while mov- sylvania. ing the educational program forward. In the two-day fall meeting of the full On educational leadership: Praise of his body of the Trustees of the University of scholarship came from Dr. Carl Kaysen Pennsylvania there were celebrations (of the ("No university president himself is compe- Program for the Eighties' success and the tent to cover the enormous range of disci- opening of the Year ofthe Black Centenary), plines ... but havingdone it yourself is a vital tributes (to Provost Vartan Gregorian at his ingredient ....") Mrs. Jacqueline Wexler last meeting ofthe Trustees, and to President Martin Meyerson at his next-to-last full board session) and one speech openly criti- INSIDE cal of the handling of the presidential selec- tion process (by Emeritus Trustee Sarkes November 5 Senate topics-faculty salary, Tarzian). Reliance chair, presidential search process, termination of clinician-educators, 4 The election ofthe new president followed p. a half-hour Speaking Out, p. 5 discussion in which Chairman Louis Miller described the Schwartz on Gregorian Affair, p. 6 search and selection William Evan on 7 and individual trustees asked Pseudo-Democracy, p. procedures F. Gerard Adams on Klein's Work, p. 12

added that she found evidence of "extraordi- of sports in the Tulane tradition, took a summary of his five years as dean of FAS nary integrity, intellectual depth and social "floundering" football and basketball pro- and two years asprovost-ended with a trib- sensitivity," with respect for collegial deci- grams and turned them around; but "under- ute to Martin Meyerson for his leadership; sion-making plus the courage to act. She stands Ivy athletics" and would be support- gratitude to colleagues; and a reminder that used the upgrading offaculty at Tulane as an ive at Penn within the Ivy framework. "the University has been here for 240 years example. Onfundraising: Reginald Jones, stressing and will last another 250." During a long On diversity. The Hon. A. Leon Higgin- Penn's need for $46 million this year even standing ovation, Emeritus Trustee Sarkes botham, Jr., "impressed with the present after a successful campaign, set the stage Tarzian asked for recognition, and following Provost and his commitment," said his calls with "I have yet to find anybody who enjoys a brief speech from Mr. Meyerson, he was to presidents ofpredominantly-black Xavier fundraising. There are two classes-the will- called upon by the chair: and Dillard Universities in New Orleans ing and unwilling; and within the willing Mr. Tarzian: I want also to express my produced confidence that Dr. Hackney again two classes-the effective and those thanks to Dr. Gregorian for all the things would be "fair and vigorous, and would rec- who flunk out." He found Dr. Hackney that he has done while he has been here at the ognize that a university that did not move on "extremely articulate in stating the case, and University of Pennsylvania. It was Mr. Mey- the affirmative action front would be defi- vitally concerned with academic planning to erson and I who wereprincipally responsible cient." He cited cooperative programs with develop the case." While balancing the for getting Vartan to come here ... to head Xavier, and concluded that Dr. Hackney budget at Tulane he increased fundraising, the [Tarzian] Chair of Armenian History would "deal effectively on the issues of plu- Mr. Jones said, despite an essentially "local" and Culture. After he was here for a year or ralism," but reminded trustees of their con- rather than national board (which he two they asked him to organize and become tinuing role of leadership. changed). Dr. Kaysen added that he investi- dean of FAS, and I think everyone has On relations with students: Dr. Gloria gated allegations that Dr. Hackney was acknowledged that he did an outstanding Chisum emphasized post-nomination infor- "slow" in launching a major effort: He con- job. Then he became provost and again did mation (with confidentiality a barrier to pre- cluded that a debated personnel decision (on an outstanding job. But in some respects I nomination sampling) which showed Tulane a fundraiser since gone to Yale) reflected the think that he hasn't been treated civilly students expressing regret at his loss, and she Tulane environment; and he added that Here the University, the Executive Board of added personal examples of parents' and observers in the South believe Dr. Hackney the Trustees, the faculty, and everyone else students' appreciation of Dr. Hackney. moved at "the right pace"for the institution. should be congratulated for having the suc- On athletics: Robert Levy described the "If he had jumped in ... he would have fallen cessful campaign and raising the $255 mil- situation that met Dr. Hackney at Tulane, on his face," Dr. Kaysen said. lion. And we were all looking forward to where a large segment of faculty and admin- After the election, the standing items of a unifying influence in bringing all of us istration wanted to dc-emphasize sports. He president's and provost's reports began in together and overcoming whatever disagree- said Dr. Hackney recognized the importance the usual order. Provost Gregorian'sreport- ments we may have had. But I feel, and I

The Fun of It-when a $255 million campaign ends with $259,389,789 in hand-is dining and dancing in Hutchinson Gym to celebrate. The Benjamin Franklin Associates, who normally hold their annual party at this time, gave up their date Thursday night to the Program for the Eighties for the kind ofparty that callsfor Big Bands and big banners. With jitterbugs andfox-trotters on thefloor, it was forties revisited-except for the mimes andjugglers who are the Bicentennial's legacy to Philadelphia celebrations.

The 'thank you' was for donors and campaign staff alike.

Sleight-oJhand: The clown drew fib wers out ofthe air for Benjamin Franklin Associates Chairman Lou Meyer, but the Associates pulled over $7 million out their In the Mood: Vartan Gregorian and Nancy Sweeten of pockets for the campaign.

2 October 28, 1980 Almanac

think there are other trustees who probably his superb leadership and service to both rank. It is relatively underfunded in a way, the feel the same way, that the Executive Board faculty and students of the University and needs some pushing in the next ten years did not handle selection] in his roles first as dean of the Faculty of or so if it's to maintain and increase its [the sensitively. Arts and Sciences as going knew when the selection and provost of the else is to sit still Everyone process University. quality. Nobody going started-and many, many people admit- either. But 1 think our ambition is to make it ted-that if the selection had been made at The motion carried Dr. stronger and stronger... would have unanimously. Greg- that time, Vartan Gregorian orian resumed, three (On whether the search could have been to next of the submitting promotions been chosen be the president omitted from the October 16 Trustees Exec- handled better): The question you're asking We had to follow the is not for me. I can tell was University. procedure, utive Board action (passed) and Finance only you-and 1 which was proper.... If there was any good Chairman John W. Eckman introduced on the other side of that process-[that] I reason Vartan name could was treated with the utmost consideration why Gregorian's three motions that passed-on renovation not be submitted to the Executive Board to the consultative chair- of Dietrich Hall, lease-purchase of the by committee, by the be considered as a candidate, I think that former PGH Nurses Residence, and an man, Paul Miller, and by the Executive could have been done Board of Trustees. 1 was made to feel diplomatically energy control investment. Mrs. Sara Senior that his friends or to him and were serious about the from the through personally described a forthcoming report of her com- they process in confidence. And I am sure if there were I was not sure about- mittee on alumni, due for distribution by beginning-which reason he shouldn't hold that and treated me as an individual from the legitimate why January, and Chairman Miller shortened just office, he would have been the first to want were honest and the agenda (with a passing note on good beginning. They very very to withdraw from considered, in that courteous and that's all one can ask. being investment portfolio performance). He was this hassle. whether he sees way preventing introducing a new trustee, Michael Gilson, (On problems risingfrom In this article the I have been made to feel a (reads from Inquirer when Dr. Sheldon Hackney arrived and Mr. process): by October some trustee an omelet has number of and students who were 24) says Miller urged him to the microphone: faculty been made and and it's not to involved in the discussion of the selection possible put Dr. Hackney: Thank you very much. I'm the back... So I with the and the that their concern was not egg go along ap- very honored to be here. I will be working process of Dr. as .... about me, that I was not the issue. 1 take that pointment Hackney president very hard and am looking forward to work- We all that he'll do an at face value; I believe it. I think are hope outstanding job ing with you. I really want to thank all of they for the University. But I am ... sorry that those who have made me feel welcome here being honest with me, so I am not terribly some of these were handled in a worried about to things way over the past few months. It certainly makes my relationship faculty that and their whole and students. been in the people's feelings, reentry very warm and enthusiastic on my They've good past future, were and I think be in the future. jeopardized. part and my wife's... (Applause for Lucy they'll good We've heard a lot ofpraise for Vartan, and Hackney.) he deserves it. But on the other hand there has been a shadow cast over his career: a After adjournment, Dr. Hackney was place where he worked for eight years didn't caught by local and campus press for an select him for the high post, nor others in the impromptu press conference. In response to University who should have been consi- queries: dered; they were overlooked.... Dr. Hackney: I don't think this [change of At the time when Vartan was offered the leadership] is going to divert people. very job ofchancellor at Berkeley I gotcalls from much from the course they're on-which I trustees, saying "Sarkes, you got Vartan to think is an upward course. 1 hope to keep come to the University; please talk to him pushing it upward. and ask him to stay." So I did. I talked to (On his first priority): To get to know him, and said to him "Vartan, I think you more than I do now about the University but in the should stay, long run, do whatever and what the particular problems are. I have you think is best..." And he stayed on a very good sense of what the general prob- because he felt he had a to duty perform lems of higher education are, and will be for here. the next ten years. Penn will not be immune I that it it takes think takes courage, and from those negative forces, and there are stature, for a group to admit when they have some general ways to counteract those for- mishandled so there will be credi- something ces. I will need to find out how far along of that with the student bility group body Penn is in putting into place the programs and with the Thank for this faculty. you that will help it over the next few years. But to a which opportunity express viewpoint what I've been impressed with, I guess, in the not be but I do feel that it's in may popular; short time I've been trying to learn inten- the best interests of the to it University bring sively about the University is the depth of out and to face it, and, if wecan in some way, feeling about it among students and be fair to Vartan and the rest ofthe adminis- faculty-which I think is evident in the selec- trators who have been bypassed. tion process and the controversy around it. Mr. Miller: Thank Sarkes. I know those you, People feel strongly about the University- comments are heartfelt, and 1 respect them. passionate, even-and that's good. It's one (Recognizes Leonard Lauder.) of the marks ofa strong institution. It's one Mr. Lauder: There has been so much talk of those areas where you can't have a posi- Fred A. Shabel will leave the vice- about Dr. Gregorian, and the report that he tive without some negative.., the flip side to presidency in January to become presi- gave about his timeat the University, I think, every coin. I like that. I think the challenge dent of Spectacore, Inc., which operates 1 Ed has made us all feel very warm toward him. for a research university like Penn is to Snyder enterprises including the Fly- would like to make a resolution.... pursue the creation of new knowledge in the ers, the Spectrum, Prism TV and other units. Mr. Shabel, former director of of same context that we're pursuing education RESOLVED, that the Trustees the Uni- athletics and recreation here, said the of de- and personal growth of students.., in a way versity Pennsylvania unanimously offer has been under discussion almost a clare their thanks and appreciation to that optimizes both. Vartan Gregorian for his deep dedication (On whether thejob is to move Pennfrom year. to the University of Pennsylvania and for second rank tofirst): It is certainly in the first Almanac October 28, 1980 3

SENATE From the Chair

Senate Meeting November 5

The regular fall meeting of the Faculty Senate will take place on tice funds. The Committee now proposed such a definition for Wednesday, November 5, from 3 to 5:30 p.m. in Room 200 College adoption by the Senate. Hall. I urge Senate members to attend. A number of very important A complete agenda for the November 5 meeting, along with the issues are on the agenda, including: full texts of the proposed resolutions, is being mailed to Senate 1. Faculty Compensation Policy A resolution proposed by the members this week. Substantial attendance at the meeting will Senate Committee on the Economic Status of the Faculty calls upon increase the effectiveness of any action the Senate may take on these the administration to provide for an increase of no less than 14 important matters. percent in the funds available for faculty compensation in the 1981- 82 budget. The figure is based on the Committee's beliefs (a) that increases in faculty compensation should, at a minimum, keep up with increases in living costs (projected to rise by approximately 12 the current academic and that additional percent during year) (b) is the text Bender's letter to Trustee Chairman increases in should be over the next Following of Professor faculty compensation provided Paul F. Miller. Jr., the withdrawal statement Dr. Vartan few to restore losses in that have occurred following of years purchasing power Gregorian (Almanac October 2/): during the last decade, when increases in faculty compensation have 2/ October 1980 fallen substantially behind increases in the cost of living. The Com- mittee is charged to "represent the faculty in determination of uni- On October 14, 1980, the Faculty Senate, at a special meeting, a resolution that Provost name be in versity policy in salary issues." If the Committee's proposed adopted urging Gregorian's put resolution is the Senate it will the basis for the nomination for the presidency of the University and instructing the adopted by provide Senate to use its best efforts to achieve this end. On Committee's interaction with the administration the leadership during budget October 15. I convened the Senate Executive Committee to seek their this process year. advice about implementing the October 14 resolution. On October 16, 14 2. Presidential Search Procedures A resolution proposed by the pursuant both to the October resolution and the Executive Com- Senate Executive Committee "to initiate discussions with the trus- mittee's advice, Professors Leboy and Wales and I met with you to 14 tees, based on task force and Council recommenda- discuss the steps that should be taken to implement the October prior University resolution. You to the of At tions, to a for codification of agreed begin process implementation. leading proposal prompt presidential that time I asked you to let me know should obstacles arise in the search and selection was distributed to the any procedures," prior special implementation of the October 14 resolution, while I agreed to tell you Senate of October 14 with another somewhat broader meeting along of any developments that might make further action on your part proposal on the same subject. Neither was reached in the agenda unnecessary. because of extensive discussion of proposals relating to the just- On October 17. 1980. I met with Provost Gregorian to advise him of completed search process. Two University task forces on governance the Senate's action on October 14, of the substance of the Senate have recommended codification of presidential search procedures Executive Committee meeting, and of the results of my meeting with to during the last dozen years. University Council has endorsed the you on October 16. After I had done so, he told me that he wished make a statement in to these events. He asked me to convene recommendations, and has also recommended that faculty provide response a of and deans on October 20 for this the of search committees. The trus- group faculty purpose. largest component presidential after noon on October 20. at the Club. Provost tees have not acted on the recommended codification, and the Shortly Faculty during Gregorian made a statement in which he stated that he did not wish his recent search a search committee with employed substantially name to be placed in nomination for the presidency of the University smaller faculty component than Council has recommended. The at the October 24 meeting of the trustees. In view of this statement, it Senate, as a body, has as yet taken no formal position on the seems to me that further action on your part to implement the Senate's presidential search process. October 14 resolution would be inappropriate. 3. Reliance Professorship Part of the Chair's report at the November 5 meeting will be devoted to a description of administra- tive actions to the Reliance relating Professorship at the Wharton 3533 Locust Walk/CO School-an endowed chair to be occupied by the deans of that Philadelphia, Pa, 19104 School. The University entered into an agreement accepting the (215) 243-5274 chair last year. The Senate Committee on Academic Freedom and Responsibility subsequently objected to aspects of the agreement The University of Pennsylvania's journal of record and opinion is published which is, at present, in the process of renegotiation. Tuesdays during the academic year and as needed during summer and holi- day breaks. Guidelines for readers and contributors are available on request. 4. Clinician-Educators Last October the Senate voted to include EDITOR Karen C. Gaines medical school clinician-educators as members of the Senate and ASSISTANT EDITOR C. Anne Vitullo recommended that they be included in the standing faculty. At the EDITORIAL ASSISTANT Marguerite F. Miller same time it serious concern about in the DESIGN SERVICES Brenda Reed, Marguerite F. Miller expressed ambiguities WORK-STUDY ASSISTANTS Sue Meadows, Lauren Green, Barbara West phrase "failure to generate an appropriate level of practice funds," which is a permissible cause of termination ofthe appointment ofthe ALMANAC ADVISORY BOARD Robert Lewis Shayon, chair; Herbert Callen. clinician-educator. The Senate Committee on the was asked Fred Karush, Paul Bender, Charles Dwyer and Phoebe Leboy for the Faculty Faculty Senate... Morris Arnold for the Administration... Valerie Pena for the Librar- the Senate to with the medical school in a by cooperate formulating ians Assembly... Shirley Hill for the Administrative Assembly... Una L. definition of the obligation of clinician-educators to generate prac- Deutsch for the A-3 Assembly.

4 Almanac October 28, 1980

SPEAKING OUT

Thefollowing was sent to Dr. Benjamin S. P. the paper by the end of term. "Because of its funding base, it is unrealistic Shen in response to his cal/for ideas on It turned out to be one of the most to recommend expansion of the Club Sports improving the quality of teaching, and gratifying experiences of my professonial life. Program. The Student Activities Council is adapted by the authorfor Almanac. Of the 17 students, 16 showed marked currently expending maximum amounts for Dr. S/ten notes that he will welcome more improvement in their papers, indeed suffi- the programand any increase would have to such letters. cient improvement to earn "B" or "A" for the come from other sources." course. One seemed to obtain no benefit from According the the alumni report, the Rewrite Teaching by the exercise, although I thought that even he average number of varsity sports at Ivy I applaud the appointment of a task force was salvageable if only we had more time League schools is thirty-three (33). At the on the quality of teaching (Almanac Sep- together. Of the 16 who improved so University of Pennsylvania we have thirty- tember 16) and offer some observations based remarkably, at least 3 had presented pathetic seven (37) varsity sports. There is only one on attempts to improve my own teaching. first drafts, verging on funcational illiteracy. Ivy school that has more varsity sports than Perhaps they will be useful to the task force. On interview, it turned out that they knew the University, and that is Cornell. The report It is a common observation that many of better and, given help and a second then goes on to recommend the elimination of our students lack skill in writing. The large opportunity, performed more in accord with eight (8) varsity and five (5)junior varsity classes they attend as freshmen and sopho- high standards. sports. mores surely are not conducive to learning to A very important lesson for me was that Nowhere in the report is it pointed out the write. Although there may be a certain degree our students are better that I had thought. the University has the second largest under- of generality to writingability, I have never Most are quite teachable, if only we can find graduate population of the Ivy schools, with had much faith in the effects of courses in appropriate opportunities to do so. The basic Cornell being the largest. The size of our writing given in an English department. I do requirement is, it seems to me, forclasses present varsity sports program would then not have in mind any pejorative imputations small enough to allow time to attend to each seem to be appropriate in the relation to the to the abilities of my colleagues in English. individual's writing, and to give the students size 01 the University. The report's recommen- Rather, I'm thinking that each field of plenty of practice. Many of them will come to dations would reduce the program to a size learning poses specialized problems to the like writingonce they discover they can do it smaller than even the average Ivy school. It is putative writer. For example, when I'm well enough. a gross injustice that a smaller Ivy school than writing about psychology, my colleagues in -Julius Wishner the University could support a larger, more English could be helpful, no doubt, on Professor of Psychology varied sports program. matters of grammar and style, but probably The students at the University want to be could be less helpful on questions involving active in many varsity sports. The support wassent 29 to the appropriate development of ideas and argu- Thefollowing September and financing of varsity sports is the and ments. For these, expert knowledge of president, thedirector of recreation responsibility of the University and the psychology is required. Since the clear intercollegiate athletics, and the alumni DR IA. The Council can not and will not sit committee on athletics, andto Almanac communication of ideas is the ultimate object quietly while the University neglects its of writing, instruction in writing in a forpublication: responsibilities. field cannot be left to our particular entirely Unwelcome, the Club -Mindt' Crandusfor the membersof the colleagues in English. (Obversely, our stu- Student Activities Council This letter is in response to the March 29, dents' deficiencies cannot be laid at the door I/O 1980, on the of the Alumni (signatures of representatives of the English department. We are all "Report Findings Committee on Athletics" as in the of organizations appended) responsible.) published 14, 1980. issue of the Almanac. We, About four years ago. I taught an advanced August the Student Activities Council, would like to Cliff-hanging Drama seminar in psychopathology for under- out certain omissions in the and Professor Clifton Cherpack, Cuisinart graduates-in the main juniors and point report to some of the recommendationsas Professor of Free French Literature, has seniors, as it happened. One of my aims in respond hoisted the University upon its own dough these seminars is to the students they apply to us. give practice hook with his letter in the October 7 in The term is, of course, the The report states, "It is recommended that. writing. paper Almanac. His outline of a classic method, and I it also, with a where practical, the above sports be given a proposed play adopted "The Student Prints." often in small but modification. club status." We, the Council, feel that this is though choppy significant its structure and seems to me critical in an unfair imposition on us. We simply do not grammatical syntax, pro- Rewriting teaching vides a of romance. satire Even if the instructor reads have the money to support the teams the superb blending writing. carefully and humor, of Proust. Melville and and writes detailed comments on a term University does not want to fund through the worthy Athletic since Thurber. paper, my suspicion is that only a few Department budget, especially Let us hope that Professor Cherpack's next students benefit. The grade is the thing. In my we already allocate approximately $12,000 venture. "Won University." in which "a man experiences, I can remember only one student per year to sports clubs. (sic) wins the presidency of a major university who was uncomfortable enough with his It is imperative that the administration and in a lottery" will have equal success and not errors to rewrite his papers spontaneously alumni understand that the Student Activities be shredded by the critics. and show it to me after his grade had been Council can not support these sports as clubs, Apparently, the bare outline given by entered. In our own professional writing, and the elimination of the varsity teams will Cherpack has caught the fancy of people in seeking comments from our colleagues on mean the elimination of those sports at the The Biz. "Won"will soon be a major motion drafts prior to submission to an editor is the University. (X-rated) and will be followed a usual course. I have been saved from many an The report continues with. "The committee picture by also musical adaptation ("The Won!") on which, egregious error by the acute comments of my urges that future emphasis be placed on according to Variety, Cherpack is collaborat- colleagues. Yet, this part of the writing the development and support of sports clubs In ing with George Rochberg. When this process is rarely part of the teaching of programs." effect, the report is recom- collaboration is complete, Variety will no writing in non-English courses. mending that the Activites Council take over of the duties of the doubt chirp. "Cliffs Notes Roch Holly- Since I had only 17 students in the seminar, many Director of wood." Break a leg, Professor Cherpack! I determined to experiment with rewriting as Recreation and Intercollegiate Athletics. The on an integral part of the course. The assignment Undergraduate Workgroup Athlet- -NormanJ. Glickman ics released a to was to submit a term paperat midterm. I response the question of Rosanadana Associate the athletic in the 10, would comment in writing and in detail on it cutting program April Professor of Free (French) within 2 weeks, and the student was to rewrite 1980 issue of the Almanac that states. Association

SPEAKING OUTwelcomes the contributions of readers. Almanac's normal Tuesday deadlinefor unsolicitedmaterial is extended to Thursday noon for short, timely letters on University issues. Advance notice of intent to submit is always appreciated-Ed.

October 28, 1980 Almanac 5

SENATE -

The Gregorian Controversy: Apocalypse or Awakening? by Louis B. Schwartz

The controversy over the appointment of a new president of the widely held belief that Vartan Gregorian would be chosen by any fair University evoked such a flood of rhetoric at the Senate meeting of procedure. In this connection it should be noted that the overwhelm- October 14 about "divisiveness," "disaster," "destruction of the Uni- ing faculty preference is inadequately represented by the 167-127 versity." and "pearly poisons," that it is time to comfort the brethren. vote to nominate Gregorian. If one may accept as representative the A year from now our "daring" in nominating Gregorian for presi- virtually unanimous declarations of those who voted Nay,-that dent will be seen as a ripple in the academic teacup rather than a tidal they did so on grounds of respect for the procedure and fear of wave. "destroying" the University, while personally favoring the Gregorian My own vote to send a Gregorian nomination to the board of nomination,-it isclearthat Gregorian was the overwhelming favor- trustees had the most limited and prosaic objectives: to express my ite of the faculty. It was an offense against this consensus and a vast highest admiration for Vartan; to bring the clear faculty preference tactical error in intra-University relations to dismiss this evaluation to the attention of the lawful appointing power, namely the trustees; by those who knew Gregorian through years ofclose association and and to protest the appointing procedures. There was, of course, not who had most at stake, without even placing his name before the the slightest disposition to downgrade Dr. Hackney, and 1 should decision-makers. Such a devaluation of the "inside" candidate can have been pleased to vote for a resolution welcoming him with high reasonably be seen as another expression of the pervasive, lamenta- regard fhe were ultimately to be chosen. ble and enervating view of the Philadelphia establishment that "first The defects in the appointment procedures are the real issue and class" is not to be found in this city. opportunity. They were vulnerable in four formal respects and in a I come now to what I have called the profound substantive defect fifth profoundly substantive way. (I) The search ("Consultative") in the procedure. It lies in the conception ofthe role of the president. committee was constituted so as to muffle the faculty voice, in Chairman Miller made it clear that the president must be a person disregard of a decade of official consensus that such committees with whom the trustees can deal comfortably. That is not an unreaso- should be predominantly faculty. (2) The faculty members were nable criterion from the point of view ofa board of directors. On the supposed to be functioning as individuals, not as representatives of other hand, the faculty not unreasonably puts a high premium on the Senate or the faculty, thus further diminishing their influence. (3) compatability between them and the president, on his embodiment The Executive Board violated the statutes of the University in for- of professorial aspirations. It is useless and even dangerous to exag- warding a single nomination to the board of trustees which, under gerate the gap between these approaches. Prudent trustees will know the statutes, is supposed to make the choice from among a plurality that their president must have rapport with the faculty. Prudent of nominees provided by the Executive Board. (4) The Executive faculties will know that their president must be able to command the Board acted in violation of the state "Sunshine Law" when it made confidence of vital constituencies such aj the trustees, the alumni, the effective appointment* behind closed doors. I am quite sympa- the student body, government subsidizers and private foundations. thetic with the view that a presidential appointment, with all the But the gap remains and the question is how to structure institutions accompanying free discussion of comparative merits and shortcom- to reconcile two or more views. The suggestions made below would ings of different candidates, ought not be made at a public meeting. not disturb the present final authority of the board of trustees to But that's what the present law seems to say, and so long as that law is make the ultimate choice. being circumvented no one can plausibly argue that there isa unique The Gregorian controversy exposes a severe imbalance in our disregard of establishment procedures in our proposing a second structure. It will not do to have a board of trustees, in whose nomination which would have given the trustees a choice that Uni- selection the faculty does not participate, designate a few of its versity statutes say is theirs. This is not to say that our fraternal members to sit privately and namea single candidate, after consider- disagreements should lead to lawsuits, nor that the legal positions ing the recommendations of a trustee-dominated "Consultative taken above are beyond reasonable dispute. Committee." Not even the addition ofa few more faculty members, Much was heard in the course of that Senate meeting to the effect "participating in their individual capacities" in a search committee that the procedure was not protested until it eventuated in the two levels removed from the decision will right the balance. What is "wrong" result. That was the most effective argument in the admira- required is an independent authoritative expression of collective ble and effective statement made by Mr. Miller, chairman of the faculty views synthesized early in the search process by a properly trustees. But the argument doesn't suffice as a justification for structured faculty senate. A Senate "slate" would not be limited to shutting off faculty objections. The faculty had for ten years, and insiders, and the Senate's search committee could include a non- only a few weeks before the search committee was set up, called in dominant representation from the Executive Board of the trustees. vain for codification of the appointment procedure with provision Similarly, the Executive Board's search committee could have liai- for faculty predominance in the search process. Perhaps the faculty son with the Senate. For some functions they would join, e.g., to should have refused to participate in the process as now structured interview candidates. But the faculty's voice would come on early by the trustees. Perhaps faculty complaisance was due to a very and strong. But if there is to be a true "awakening"asa result ofthe Gregorian *1. It is interesting to note that both Resolution I (welcoming Hackney) controversy, enhancement of faculty voice is required not only in and rejected Resolution 4 (lauding the search committee's "collegiality"; presidential search processes, but also in budgeting, academic pol- hailing collaboration with the"newpresident") proceeded on theassumption icy, athletic policy and administrative structure. The de- that the principal trustees' meeting of October 24th is a purely formal step. See also the vices for muffling faculty voice on this campus are the University Daily Pennsylvanian story of October 14, headlined "Hackney to Take Office Council and the structure of the Senate. The Council in February." -L.B.S. University (Continued on page 7, past insert)

6 October 28, 1980 Almanac

muffles faculty voice in three main ways. (I) It is an ungainly advice remains contingent. Although the Committee can act in the multi-constituency body interposed between the Faculty Senate and name of the Senate between meetings, twenty members of the Senate the decision-makers, in this case the president and his numerous can compel reconsideration of such action at a later Senate meeting. vice-presidents and staff officers. (2) The numerous committees of What is needed, then, is dissolution of the University Council and Council largely preempt faculty timeat the expense of effective work formal recognition that the officers and "Executive" Committee of in the Senate. (3) The delays-the remoteness between effort and Senate speak for the faculty. This battle was fought and lost a accomplishment-engendered by this layering of committees and generation ago when the present structure was created. Perhaps it councils makes for irresponsibility and hopelessness. can be won this time. As a warrior in the previous battle, I can report As for the Senate, its ineffectiveness to speak for the faculty is a that in the intense private debate that went on between the then result not only of its entanglement in the University Council, but also Young Turks and the Old Guard, it was explicitly recognized that the of its own structure. It lacks adequate executive power. The chair of purpose of the elaborate structure of Council and Senate was to the Senate does not speak in the name ofthe faculty, as the president dilute the feared radicalism of irresponsible faculty organizations. speaks in the name of the University. He or she does not even speak And remember the context! Up to that point there had been no in the name of the Senate unless the Senate meets and votes on the faculty organization at all. Even we Young Turks had to acknowl- issue. Thus Chairman Bender scrupulously avoided asserting that edge that a great forward move was in the making, however muffled the Faculty or the Senate favored Gregorian until the vote on the new voice. October 14. He was thus a political eunuch on the search committee. It is time to advance again. If the Gregorian controversy helps to Even the 47-person Senate Executive Committee (until recently define new objectives, it will indeed have been an awakening, not an known, perhaps more accurately, as 'Senate Advisory Committee") apocalypse. cannot definitively speak for the body of 1900 members of the Senate. The Chair must consult the Committee on issues to be taken The author is Benjamin Franklin Professor of Law. up with the administration, but action taken on the basis of their

Pseudo-Participatory Democracy By William M. Evan

Some of the decisions that preceded and were taken during the participation? Even if the vote on Resolution 2 had been the reverse, special Faculty Senate meeting of October 14 raise a disquieting any claim that it represented the will of the faculty would have been problem concerning democratic process. equally unwarranted. Those faculty members who petitioned the Senate for a special That the faculty attending the October 14 meeting did not in fact meeting were critical of the presidential search process on several represent the standing faculty is clearly borne out by the figures in grounds, one ofwhich was the representativeness ofthe Consultative the following table comparing the distribution by school affiliation Committee. They claimed that it did not adequately represent the of those attending the meeting with that of the standing faculty: faculty, that it was dominated by trustees, and that the candidates it Facultyrecommended to the Executive Board did not represent the senti- Attendance' Standing Faculty2 ments of the faculty. To voice their dissatisfaction, they introduced School Number Number Resolution 2, calling for the nomination of Provost Vartan Grego- Percentage Percentage rian for the presidency of the University. The plurality of votes in 4 1.14 8 .53 favor of Resolution 2(167 to 127) elicited at least two reactions, both Annenberg 13 3.71 86 5.68 of which are premised on the notion of representativeness: Paul Dental 22 6.29 22 1.45 Miller, chairman of the Board of Trustees, interpreted the vote as Education 19 5.43 87 5.74 representing the viewsofthe entire faculty, lamenting, "I wish I knew Engineering 181 51.71 488 32.21 what (the faculty's) motivation was. Ifit's to rip the University apart, FAS Fine Arts 7 2.00 35 2.31 they aredoing a pretty good job." (Daily Pennsylvanian. October 15, - - 11 0.73 1980.) Likewise, Paul Bender, chairman of the Faculty Senate, said Interdisciplinary 7 2.00 27 1.78 that he would confer with Walter Wales, past chairman, and Phoebe Law 41 11.71 453 29.90 Leboy, chairman-elect of the Faculty Senate, "to decide what steps Medicine 8 2.29 29 1.91 to take in carrying out the faculty's wishes" (attribution by Daily Nursing SAMP 4 1.14 13 .86 Pennsylvanian, October 15, 1980), thereby implying that the vote SPUP5 1.43 7 .46 constituted a mandate ofthe faculty. Neither reaction, to my mind, is warranted. Social Work 8 2.29 18 1.19 23 6.57 136 8.98 Considering that the nomination of Sheldon Hackney by the Wharton 8 2.29 95 6.27 Executive Board to succeed President Martin Meyerson has pro- Veterinary voked a great deal of dissatisfaction and disappointment, why rely TOTALS 350 100.00 1,515 100.00 on a meeting, severely constrained by time and place, to elicit the wishes of the which consists of over 1,500 members? Con- = = faculty, x2 117.43: df 14; significant beyond .001 vening a meeting on Tuesday at 3p.m., when classes are in session, in Room 200 College Hall with a seating capacity of 210, predictably Sources: 'Faculty Senate Office (10/17/80) Office limited faculty attendance; it also predictably influenced the out- 'Planning Analysis (10/15/80) come of the vote on the pending resolutions-given that approxi- mately ISO faculty members who signed the petition for a special Several conclusions are apparent from an inspection of the above meeting were highly motivated to attend. Why wasn't the meeting table bearing in mind that the vote on Resolution 2 was 167 in favor, called instead on Tuesday at II a.m., customarily reserved for 127 against, and II abstaining. First, 23 percent of the standing departmental meetings, and held in the Harrison Auditorium of the faculty attended the meeting; and Il percent of the standing faculty University Museum, with a seating capacity of 800, or in Irvine voted in favor of Resolution 2, compared with 8.5 percent against. Auditorium, which seats close to 2000, to permit much wider faculty Second, although 305 persons registered a vote at the meeting, 350 Almanac October 28. 1980 7

signed attendance cards upon entering the meeting room. Since and controversial issues at their annual business meetings, relying there were only II recorded abstentions, the balance, viz., 45 faculty instead on a mail ballot of the membership. members, failed to vote, possibly because they left the meeting prior In the present situation, since there has been neithera mail ballot to the start of the balloting. Finally, and most importantly, the nor a poll (stratified by school and rank) of the entire standing school affiliation of those attending the meeting is not only dispro- faculty, there is obviously no justification whatever for interpreting portional to their numbers in the standing faculty, but is statistically the October 14 vote as representing the wishes of the faulty concern- different (beyond the .001 level) from that distribution. Thus, for ing the issue of presidential succession. example, FAS, SPUP, Education, and Annenberg are markedly Whatever the decision at the meeting of the board oftrustees as to overrepresented, whereas Wharton, Medicine, Dental and Veteri- who will succeed President Meyerson, it is surely in order for the nary Medicine are substantially underrepresented. It should come as Faculty Senate to debate the wisdom of a new rule of procedure little surprise that attendance at faculty meetings is neither a repre- concerning the handling ofcontroversial issues, namely, to require a sentative nor a random phenomenon; those who choose to attend mail ballot of the entire standing faculty rather than to depend on are likely to have some degree of involvement in the principal item faculty meetings which may be attended by a small minority on the agenda. Given that those who attended the October 14 (although a quorum) of the faculty with diverse vested interests that meeting did not represent the standing faculty, why should anyone may not even be germane to the issue at hand. assume that the outcome of the vote on Resolution 2 reflects the Representative democracy in our society, as well as in other sentiments of the faculty? The only reasonable conclusion is that the western countries, is indeed in a parlous state. All too often duly vote voiced the wishes of the Faculty Senate, an entity distinguish- elected political representatives represent only themselves or narrow able from the standing faculty.* interest groups, rather than their constituencies. Contributing to this Taking cognizance ofthe unrepresentativeness of faculty meeting failure of political representation are electoral districts, and hence attendance, a number of departments in the University have long constituencies, that are ideologically and otherwise heterogeneous. ago concluded that, while faculty meetings are indispensable for the Consequently, direct democracy is arguably preferable-especially airing of views on critical questions, they are not an appropriate with respect to value-laden issues-to representative democracy, occasion for the taking of critical decisions. When significant deci- whenever and wherever it can be implemented. By contrast, pseudo- sions are on the agenda-for example, granting a faculty member participatory democracy of the kind exhibited at the Faculty Senate tenure-some departments customarily have recourse to a mail meeting of October 14 fails to communicate in either a faithful or a ballot rather than rely on the happenstance ofwho chooses or is able persuasive manner the wishes ofthe faculty to the Board ofTrustees. to attend a particular meeting. This elementary democratic precau- If the Faculty Senate is concerned with exerting more influence on tion ensures that any decision that is taken will faithfully represent the decision-making process of the board of trustees-and on the the wishes of the faculty. For this very reason, several professional administration, for that matter-steps should be taken to institu- associations have discontinued the practice of voting on significant tionalize direct democracy. *1 am indebted to Henry Teune for calling this point to my attention.- The author is professor of sociology and management in FAS and in W. M. E. Wharton.

The Faculty Senate and 'The Faculty' A Responsefrom the Faculty Senate Chair

It is not my view, nor has it ever been, that Faculty Senate action is Senate meeting is 100 members and that resolutions may be passed the equivalent of an expression of "the faculty's wishes." The lan- by a majority vote of members present and voting. The resolution guage to that effect quoted by Professor Evans in the second para- passed by the Senate on October 14 therefore represents the views of graph of his article is not my language, but that of a Daily the Senate under the University Statutes. Pennsylvanian reporter. Unlike the remarks of Paul Miller which Professor Evans is also wrong about the seating capacity of the Professor Evans reproduces, the words Professor Evans suggests 1 room in which the October 14 special meeting was held. There were "said" did not appear in quotation marks in the DP, but were part of approximately 350 chairs in the room, not 210 as he states. (I the paper's summary of the gist of a conversation with me. What I counted them.) I know of no one who wasdissuaded from coming to said to the DP, and what I believe, is that Faculty Senate action is the meeting, or remaining there, because of a shortage of seats. In just that-Senate action. See my letter to Provost Gregorian des- fact, as I announced several times during the meeting, empty chairs cribing the Senateaction (Almanac October 21, p. 5)and my letter to were present throughout. The meeting was not called for II a.m. for Paul Miller on the same subject (this issue, p. 7). The "notion of two reasons. While that hour may be free of classes for FAS, that is representativeness" with which Professor Evans disagrees may be a not true for the rest of the University. In addition, FAS reserves only notion entertained by Mr. Milleror members of the DPstaff; it is not one hour for departmental meetings on Tuesday mornings, and the my notion. October 14 meeting was scheduled to last and did last for two and The Faculty Senate is provided for in the Statutes of the Corpora- one-half hours. The meeting was not held in the Harrison or Irvine tion. It is composed of all members ofthe standing faculty and ofthe auditoriums because their seating capacities greatly exceeded the clinician-educator faculty in the Medical School holding the rank of number of Senate members expected to attend (as well as the professor, associate professor, or assistant professor. Under these number who actually attended). rules, the Senate's current Faculty membership is approximately -Paul F Bender 1900. The Statutes provide that the Senate "shall have authority, when assembled in formal session called its officers, to discuss by On page 4along with the text mentioned above is a the and its views matter which it deems to be of description of express upon any general four issues on Senate 'sfall meetingagenda Wednesday. November 5, University interest." The Senate rules provide that a quorum for a 3-5:30p.m. in Room 200 College Hall.

8 October 28. 1980 Almanac

-ON CAMPUS October 28-November 8 Exhibits Humphrey Jennings' Listen to Britain: Frank Capra's Divide and Conquer. Meetings at the Philo- All at the Center's Studio Thea- Through October 30 Windows, etc.... screenings Annenberg October 31 Open Forum on Affirmative Action, an mathean Art 4th floor of Hall. tre on Wednesdays at 7 and 9:30 p.m. Admission: $2 for Gallery. College informal discussion on the University's affirmativeaction 7 Sherri Vita's students with ID. and $3 for others. Through November Season. Drawings programs. II am-I p.m. in Vance Hall, B-Il. and oil-on-canvas paintings at the Houston Hall gallery. November 5 Fall meeting of the Faculty Senate, 3p.m. Through November 9 Drawings. The Pluralist Decade International Cinema, Series 8 in 200 Hall. at the Institute of Art. The show College Contemporary includes October 29 Humor is cheaper by the dozen with this work the same artists featured in the U.S. exhibit for by showing of one dozen funny movies. 7:30 and 9:30 p.m. the Venice Biennale. October 30 How Yukong Moved the Mountains. Pro- Music Through December An exhibit on Presidential Elec- gram 2: The Fishing Village. 7:30 p.m.: The Amulet of tions. 1789-1980. at the rotunda of the Law School October 30, November 6 PUC Ogum. 9:30 p.m. sponsors Entertain- ment at II building. October 31 How Yukong Moved the Mountains. 4 am., a weekly series of live performances in letters and books of H. L. Mencken, the Houston Hall Manuscripts, p.m.: The Amulet of Ogum. 7:30 and 9:30 p.m. Gallery. honoring the Mencken centennial, includes his corres- All filmsat International House. 3701 Chestnut Street. October 30-31, November 1-2, 6-9,12-15 Penn play- with Dreiser. At Van Pelt ers Kurt Weill's at the pondence Library. Tickets are $2. and $1 for the Friday matinee. presents The Threepennr Opera Through 1901 A Centuri of Black Presence at the Uni- Annenberg Center's Harold Prince Theatre.Call the Box versiti Pennsrlvania, 1879-1980, Van Pelt Office at Ext. 6791 for ticket information. of Library. Museum Through February 15, 1981 African sculpture from the University University Museum collection. More than 20 masks and Children's Film Program statues from Sub-Saharan Africa selected for their November 1 Adventures Tom beauty and significance. At the University Museum. of Sawyer Religion November 8 Son of Paleface 12:15 at the Chris- Through August 31, 1981 The Egyptian Mummv: Ecumenical Eucharist p.m. Fridays November 15 A Tale Two Cities, the 1935 version of tian Secrets and Science. Possibly the largest exhibition on of Association. 3601 Locust Walk. A gathering fornew Dickens' novel of the French revolution starring Ronald mummification ever mounted in the U.S., this show and informal ways of sharing the bread and wine of Colman and Basil Rathbone. communion. examines Egyptian ideas about life after death and the November 22 The Amazing Mr. Blunden services at St. Church, 3916 health and disease patterns of these ancient people as Episcopal Weekly Mary's December 6 The Locust revealed through x-ray and autopsy studies of mummi- Thief of Baghdad Walk. Information: 222-8556. December 13 The King and / Orthodox and Reform services fied remains. At the University Museum. Jewish Conservative. December 20 It's a Wonderful Life! are held at Hillel. 202 5. 36th St.. at 5:45 p.m. Fridays. Films are free, screened at 10:30 am, in 1CA Gallery Hours Tuesday lOa.m.-7:30p.m., Wednes- Saturdays Shabbat morning services (Conservative and Orthodox) 10 a.m.-5 and noon- Harrison Auditorium of the Museum. day-Friday. p.m.. Saturday Sunday, University are held at Hillel each Saturday at 9:30 am. 5 p.m. Closed Monday. Lutheran Eucharist service Sundays at II am.. Luth- University Museum Hours Tuesday-Saturday 10a.m.- University Museum eran Student Center. 3637 Chestnut Street. 5 p.m.. Sunday I-S p.m. Closed Monday and holidays. Muslim The Muslim Student Association hosts Jumaa Sunday Film Series Houston Hall Gallery Hours Monday-Friday, noon-6 congregational prayer and meeting. Fridays at I p.m. in p.m.. Saturday and Sunday noon- 4 p.m. November 2 Newsjront the Harrison-Smith-Penniman room. Houston Hall. 9 Camels Philomathean Art Gallery Hours Monday-Friday. November Wedding Roman Catholic Midnight mass Saturdays; masses at noon-5 p.m. November 16 Chapavev 9:30 am.. II am, and 5 p.m. on Sundays; daily mass at November 23 El Super 12:05 p.m. Holy days at 12:05 p.m.. 5:15p.m. and 8p.m., December 14 Blaise Pascal Newman Center, 3720 Chestnut Street. Films December 21 Swing Time Cinema Films are free, screened Sundays at 2:30 p.m. in Harri- Exploratory son Auditorium of the University Museum. Events October 29 Luis Bunuel's Las Hurdas (Land Without Special Bread): Boirnage by Joris lvena and Henri Storck; Song Black Centenary Celebration, Artist-in-Residence GSAC Film Series October 29 Writer's 2-5 with of Ceilon by Basil Wright and John Grierson. Program Workshop, p.m. November 5 Oskar Fischinger's An American March: November 6 Panique, a 1946 psychological thriller special guest Houston Baker, professor of English, Van Erik Barnouw's Hiroshima-Nagasaki. August 1945: from Julien Duvivier. 8:30 p.m. at Dietrich W-Sl. (Continued on page 10)

Forum on Affirmative Action rostering. Classes were arranged according to the size of the Spring 1980 Open enrollment and assigned space according to available room size. Using this The is invited to attend an informal discussion on University community model, classes with enrollments greater than 10 were scheduled according the affirmative action on 31, Il University's programs Friday October to time and space availability while maintaining as nearly as possible last a.m.-l p.m. in Vance Hall. B-Il. year's schedule. The Forum is planned to continue public discussion of the University's The available information indicates that this procedure will permit a affirmative action Staff members with affirmative action programs. scheduling of classes with significantly less dislocation than other suggested responsibilities representing offices such as the president and provost, methods. There is no doubt, however, that occasionally times and rooms personnel relations, equal opportunity and the Hospital will be present to will be assigned that would not be the professor's first choice. We ask your provide updates and answer questions from the audience. cooperation and understanding of the scheduling difficulties imposed by We hope you will plan to attend. the renovation of Dietrich Hall. Departments will receive a listing of their - Morris Arnold, Presiding room assignments on Friday, October. 31. If there is an important reason Vice President- Director for requesting a change from the Registrar's assignment, everyeffort will be the the President of Office of made to accommodate the request. Since the Registrar is working under serious constraints, we hope such requests will be few in number. Given the difficulty of predicting class enrollments, there may be some classes that cannot be made to fit into the above scheme. To meet this Scheduling of Classes for Spring 1981 possibility the 9:30 to II a.m. time slot on Tuesdays and Thursdays will be changed to 9 to 10:30 am. This will open for scheduling another slot of At the request of Provost Gregorian and the Vice Provost for University 10:30 a.m. to noon on these days. The Registrar will make use of this time Life, Janis Somerville, I convened the meeting of an ad hoc committee over period with reluctance as an measure, since the last few months to consider the of the renova- emergency scheduling during scheduling implications this time interferes with the free tion of Dietrich Hall. The committee members were: Allison Accurso. University period. It would be helpfulif departments throughout the University would offer Richard C. Clelland. Vince Conti, Titus D. Hewryk. Steve Marmon. Elliot their larger private areas, such as lounges and seminar rooms, to the Mossman, Leslie Pochos, Eric Van Markensteijn and Robert Zimring. Our Registrar for possible classroom assignments for courses of 10 or below goal was to accommodate the scheduling of classes for the spring term with which have not yet been assigned. The cooperation of the faculty is urgently as little dislocation and inconvenience as possible. needed on this matter, so that the scheduling can be done with as little One option open to us was the extensionof the classdayfrom 8a.m. until trouble as possible for both faculty and students. 6 p.m. and the scheduling of classes on Saturdays. By using spring 1980 -Louis A. Girfalco, registration figures to determine probable classroom and scheduling Vice Provostfor Research requirements for 1981, we were able to avoid such a radical change in and Chair of the Ad Hoc Committee

Almanac October 28, 1980 9

Pelt Library Conference Room; Film and Discussion: October 31-November 1 The School of Veterinary Almost a Man. 7:30 p.m. DuBois College House (Low Medicine's continuing education program on Practical Rise North); October 30 Reading a Work-in-Progress Husbandry. Medicine and Surgery of Captive Reptiles, of Dr. Fredric 1. of Steinhart San with special guest John Allen of Freedom Theatre. 7:30 featuring Fry, Aquarium. at Center; October 31 Evening at Free- Francisco. and the University of California at Davis. p.m. Annenberg are condensed from the bulletin of dom Theatre. 7:30 p.m. Broad & Master Streets, featur- Information: Ext. 4234. Listings personnel October 23 and therefore cannot be considered 0111- ing Hot Molasses with Leslie Lee inacameo appearance. November 3 Professor Scott Ward. Television Adver- del. Some no be available. New Museum Tour October the annual Hal- tising and Fami!r Conflict-When. Where. Why and positions may longer University 29. are on bulletin loween tour: Ghosts. Goblins and Things That Go Bump How? at 4 p.m. in Annenberg School 124. listings posted Thursdays personnel boards at: in the Night. Tour at I at the Main Entrance History and Sociology of Science Workshop- begins p.m. near Room 358; of the Museum and lasts approximately 45 minutes. Colloquium: Dr. Paul Hanle of the Smithsonian Institu- Anatomy-Chemistry Building: College Hall: basement; November 1 Draw It Your Way. a tion. 4 p.m. in 107 Smith Hall. Saturday workshop Dental School: first floor; for children at the I.C.A. Structured for children ages 5 November 4 Psychiatry Colloquia. 11:30-I p.m. in Medical Alumni Hall, HUP. Dietrlch Hall: first floor, outside E-l08; through 12. the workshop explores the possibilities of near Personnel II am-noon at the ICA Galleries. Medicine-Pathology rounds: noon in Orthopaedic Franklin Building: (Room 130); drawing. Johnson Pavilion: first floor, next to directory; with the Basketball Team Conference Room. I White, I-IUP. November 8 Family Dat' Law School: Room 28, basement; for 10:30 am.- Psychology Colloquia: guest speakers on psychology, opens with a basketball clinic youngsters. Leidy Labs: first floor, outside Room 102; noon, with Coach Bob Weinhauer and the 1980-81 var- related disciplines. 4:30 p.m. in B-2l Stiteler. Dr. Donald Patterson on Logan Hall: first floor, near Room 117; sity team. Family picnic at the Palestra at noon and an Epidemiology Colloquim: Epidemiologr & Genetics of Congenital Heart Diseasein LRSM: first floor, opposite elevator; basketball scrimmage at the Palestra follow- intra.squad Selected In-Bred noon-1 in Room Richards Building: first floor, near mailroom; the Penn-Villanova football Call Alumni Rela- Species of Dogs. p.m. ing game. 116 NEB. Social Work/Caster Building: first floor; tions at Ext. 7811 for reservations. Rlttenhouse Lab: east staircase, second floor; November 5 Mary Watkins. of Hahnemann Medical College on Instrumentation in Evaluation Human Town. Building: mezzanine lobby; of School: first floor, next to directory. schedules) Motor Performance, at 4 p.m. in Room 208 NEB. Veterinary Sports (home Arthur Drexler of the Museum of Modern Art, The For further information, call personnel services, 243- 7284. The is an Ticket information: Franklin Field ticket office. Ext. Aesthetic Obligation, in the GSFA Student Lecture Ser- University equal opportunity employer. Where 6151. ies at 7:30 p.m. in the Graduate School of Fine Arts qualifications include formal education or train- in the field substituted. Field Hockey October 28: vs. Temple. 7 p.m. Game at Building. Room B-I. ing. significant experience maybe Franklin Field. November 6 Ruzena Bajcsy, Rochel Gelman. Lila The two figures in salary listings show minimum starting and maximum Some Freshman Football October 29: vs. Glassboro State. 4 Gleitman, Ellen Prince and Elizabeth Spelke on their salary starting salary (midpoint). listed have internal candidates. If Game at Franklin Field. research in Cognitive Science, at noon in the Benjamin positions may strong p.m. would like to know more about a Lightweight Football October 31: vs. Navy. 7 p.m. Franklin Room. Houston Hall; Women's Faculty Club you particular position, Game at Franklin Field. sponsors. please ask at the time of the interview with a personnel counselor or Varsity Football November 8: vs. Villanova. 1:30 p.m.; November 7 Gerald Durrell on The Captive Breeding hiring department representative. Openings listed without salaries are those in which is to be November 15: vs. Harvard, 1:30 p.m. All games at Frank- of Endangered Species, at 7:30 p.m. at the Annenberg salary yet determined. lin Field. Center Zellerbach Theatre. Jointly sponsored by the Soccer November 7: vs. Villanova. 8:15 p.m.; Novem- Philadelphia Zoo, the School of Veterinary Medicine. ber Il: vs. Temple. 7:30 p.m. November 14: vs. Harvard. Penn's Center for the Interaction of Animals and Society, 8:15 p.m. All games at Franklin Field. and the Wildlife Preservation Trust International. Administrative/Professional Staff Tickets available from the Zoo Development Office. 34th Administrator and Financial Officer (3491) $20,475- and Girard Ave. $28,875. Public Attitudesand Control Research, Talks November S of Archivist, Museum (3453) $l6.325-$22,000. part of the Saturday at the University series. Professor October 28 Medicine-Pathology rounds: noon. Ortho- Assistant Area Director for Operations and Mainte- Dorothy Nelkin of the Cornell University Program in nance (B0386) Sll.400-S15.800. paedic Conference Room, I White, HUP. and and Baruch Science. Technology Society, Blumberg. Assistant Director (03055) $23.600-$33.250. Psychology Colloquia: guest speakers present research associate director for clinical research at the Institute for on related at 4:30 in Stiteler Assistant Director, Merchandise (3461) $14,200- psychology, disciplines, p.m., Cancer Research and Nobel Prize winner in 1976. discuss B-21. S19.625. risks of scientific research and who should bear responsi- Dr. Susan W. Craig of John Hopkins University on Assistant Director, Telecommunications (3257) bility for those risks. 10a.m. at the University Museum. S14.200-$19.625. Regulation of Actin Structure by Brush Border Cylo- skeletal Proteins, in the School of Medicine Lecture Assistant General Counsel (3332) $20,475-$28,875. Room B at II a.m. Dr. Craig will meet with interested Assistant Secretary (3427). graduate and post-doctoral students in the Anatomy- Theatre Assistant to Executive Director, Student Financial Chemistry dept., room 121 at 12:15 p.m. for lunch. Lillian Hellman's Watch on the Rhine. sponsored by and Administrative Services (3454) $16.325-522.600. I Epidemiology Colloquium: Annette Stemhagen. the Philadelphia Drama Guild. October 28-31, Novem- Associate Development Officer (3273) $14,200- MPH.. Special Epidemiology Program, N.J. State ber 1-2 at the Annenberg Center's Zellerbach Theatre. $19,625. Associate Administration Department of Health, on Retrospective Case Control Ticket Information: Ext. 6791. Director for (3394) S16.325- Study of Liver Cancer in New Jersey. Room 113 NEB. The Mask and Wig Club's 93rd annual production. $22,600. noon-1 p.m. Hire and Higher, at the Mask and Wig clubhouse. 310 Business Administrator (B064 l) $ll.400-S15.800. Respiratory physiology seminar: Dr. Steven Roth, South Quince Street. Plays Thursdays. Fridays and biology department, on Nebulization Phospholipid Saturdays through December 6. Ticket information: of WA3-4229. Liposomes in the Treatment of Respiratori Distress Sin- dro,ne. 12:30-1:30 p.m. in the physiology library. 4th The Joffrey Ballet Center Concert Group dances Peter floor Richards Building. and the Wolfand The lee Maiden as the opening program Medical Ethics Society: Dr. William Kissick. Issues in of the Annenberg Center's Theatre for Children series. Medical Resource Allocation: Examples from Renal November 7 (10 am, and 12:30 p.m.) and November 8 (11 Technology, at 5:30 p.m. in Leonard Davis Institute am. and 2 p.m.) at the Annenberg Center's Zellerbach Auditorium. Theatre. Ticket information: Ext. 6791. Anatomy of a Play, from playwright Leslie Lee's per- spective, a Leon Lecture. 4p.m.. 124 Annenberg School. To list an event Wine and cheese afterward at the Faculty Club. Nachman Avigad. professor emeritus and former Information for the week/v Almanac calendar chairman of archeology at the Hebrew University in should reach our offices a! 3533 Locust Walk at Recovery an Jerusalem Jerusalem, on of Upper City of in least one week before desired date publication. Museum's of the University Rainey Auditorium. 5:30 p.m. the deadline the November 4 issue Admission $5 for museum members and non-members; Therefore, for students free. Wine and cheese follow. is today. October 28; the deadline for the October 29 Professor John B. Jackson. History of the November 11 issue is November 4. Landscape in the GSFA Student Lecture series TheAes- thetic Obligation: 7:30 p.m. in the Graduate School of Fine Arts Building Room B-I. Biomaterials and Biomechanics Conference: Dr. M.A. Brull on The Standing Posture-Its Stabilitr and Alert- ness, 2-4 p.m. in the Orthopaedic Conference Room. Orthopaedic Conference: Dr. Carl T. Brighton, on Structure and Function ofthe Growth Poke. 4-5 p.m. in the Orthopaedic Conference Room. October 30 South Asia Seminar Series: Eleanor Zelliot The of Carleton College on Buddhist Sects in South Asia. II pun-gent wit a.m. in University Museum classroom 2. ofthe Mask and Wig Club in University Museum classroom 2. sets the work ethic back October31 Professor Galina Pugachenkova( U.S.S.R.) a century or two in on limurid Architecture. 5 in p.m. the University this show Museum. year's

10 October 28, 1980 Almanac

OPPORTUNITIES-

Business Administrator 11 (3492) $12,375-$17,425. Medical Support Staff Photographer (1310721) photographs patients' Business Manager (B0681) $16.325-S22.600. anatomical structures, pathological specimens: makes Chief Medical Librarian (3337) $27,125-538.225. Abstractor 1(3485) $7,700-59,425. photographic prints and slides in color and, or black & Coordinator, Curricular Affairs I (3446) implements Accounting Clerk (B0709) $7.700-59.425. white: develops film (high school graduate: appropriate I system for student evaluation of faculty: assists commit- Administrative Assistant (3487) $8.775-510.850. training: degree in biomedical photography: experience tee in development of suitable evaluation instruments; Admissions Assistant (3467) $8. 775-SlO,850. as a professional photographer) 512,000-514,750. Assistant secret- distributes. collects and analyzes information: interviews Administrative 1(3522) departmental MTSC $9.400-Sll.675. and students: works with center to arial duties: file monitors Operator (3481) faculty computer develops department system, Operator, Office Automation (3004) S7,700-$9.425. for and data coordinates chairman and develop system analyzing reporting (mas- department budgets: faculty II, Office Automation $8,250- ter's in educational curriculum, edu- calendars: processes requisitions, travel vouchers Operator (80651) degree psychology, (high $10,150. cational evaluation, psychometrics: general teaching school graduate, some office experience: University Plpefitter (3 positions) trouble shoots to experience helpful) $12.375-517.425. experience helpful) 58.775-510.850. problems Administrative I HVAC systems: general mechanical maintenance (tho- Coordinator, Off-Campus Living (3479). Assistant (2 positions) $8.775-510.850. Administrative Assistant 11 confiden- rough knowledge of high and low pressure steam and Corporate Placement Counselor (3364) $14,200- (110716) personal, related familiar with $19,625. tial secretary handles dictation involving complex medi- equipment: pneumatic temperature cal assists doctor in for controls, heating pumps and air compressors) Union Data Communications Administrator $16.325- terminology: preparation (2959) numerous lectures, seminars and of intra- wages. $22,600. meetings mural, extramural committees (good typing, shorthand Psychology Technician I (80715) administers ques- Director (03206) $23.600-533.250. and medical a must: five to six tionnaires, tabulates results, attends sessions, Director, Club terminology years' expe- training Faculty (80695) $20,475-528.875. rience desirable) $9,400-$ll,675. maintains clinical records (degree: ability to work inde- Director, Student Data (3320) $20,475-$28.875. Administrative Assistant 11(3451) S9.400411.675. pendently, clerical skills preferred) $lO.700-S13. 125. Judicial Officer (3453) closed. Inquiry Audiovisual Technician (3496) supervises the equip- Psychology Technician I (80707) S10.700-S13.125. Junior Research Specialist (4 positions) $11,400- ment loan service i.e. re- (03126) $6.725-$8.175. 515,800. department. inventory control, Receptionist servations, control check-out, use and proper function of Receptionist (3432) receives visitors to the Museum: Librarian ii (2 positions) (3443) (3426) $l4.200-$l9,65. equipment: varied administrative duties (ability to dele- receives telephone calls: takes messages: provides general Librarian 11 (3317) responsible to the assistant librarian gate and supervise: ability to work under pressure: plea- information on Museum programs: monitors security for all reference and bibliographic service in business and sant personality: overall administrative skills) $9,400- console: types materials as assigned (high school gradu- applied economics (ALA accredited MLS degree: min- $11,675. ate: some clerical training: ability to relate well with imum two years'experience in business reference, prefer- Buyer 11 (3509) assists manager in book ordering and public, students, and staff: ability to type accurately at 40 ably academic setting: experience with computerized follow-through including arrangement, display and pro- wpm) S6,725-S8.175. literature searching preferred; experience in bibliogra- motion (degree or equivalent work experience: three Research instruction business Bibliographer (3497) S8.775410,850. phic helpful: undergraduate major years' experience in retail sales: knowledge of customs Research Technician I or second advanced Laboratory (2 positions) appropriate degreee preferred) and practices in the field: ability to supervise others) (80723) performs serologic and immunologic in a $14,200-$19.625. $9,400-$1 assays 1,675. research laboratory: orders supplies, keeps records, qual- Manager (03170) $14.200-519.625. Clerk 1(3508) communicates stock level information to ity control and assists with animal treatment and care stocks, Nurse Technician (3474) $12,375-S] 7,425. buyer: prices, arranges, and presents merchan- (degree in laboratory science): (3510) assists investigators Production Control Technician (3376) $14,200- dise: helps customers (degree or pertinent equivalent in animal research using hyperbaric chambers: assists work one $19,625. experience: year's experience in retail sales, hyperbaric therapy treatment of patients as inside- Programmer Analyst 1(80652) writes and maintains a preferably in a bookstore, some knowledge of customs chamber medical assistant (high school graduate familiar and in the field) large package of scientific programs and performs neces- practices S6,325-$7,625. with general lab techniques: certified scuba diver with sary mathematical analysis for a biomedical research Clerk 11 (3462) maintains personnel and financial files for hyperbaric chamber experience preferred) $8.550- center: project: supervises other programmers (strong back- responsibility inputs personnel data via CRT: $10,375. records data: prepares statistical summaries: processes ground in numerical analysis: experience in Fortran: Research Technician II (2 assembler coded technical reports (high school graduate: two to Laboratory positions) helpful: chemistry or math course-work highly (80624) (80695) 59.600-$Il.700. desirable) $14.200-519.625. four years'clerical experience: clerical aptitude. ability to Research Laboratory Technician lii (3 positions) Programmer Analyst I (B0360) 514.200-519.625. type accurately) $7.200-$8.750. Clerk Ii (2 (3095) $7,700-$9.425. (80722) coordinates and supervises a research protocol Project Coordinator (80719) coordinates primary positions) (3306) on colic school Clerk IV (2 positions) (3455) (3454) $8,250410, 150. equine (high graduate; associate degree as health care financing research project for model a technician: research desirable): Coordinating Assistant i (B0672) $9,40041 1,675. veterinary experience standardization and simulation, for preparation of writ- (00718) works under of doctor and senior ten and for Coordinating Assistant 11 (03197) $l0.700-S13.450. supervision reports papers publication and library research specialists in conducting radiation therapy research of health care mecha- Coordinator of Student Permanent Records (3466) (knowledge financing experiments (degree or equivalent laboratory experience nisms. familiar with health care data collection and anal- $9,400-S 11.675. Coordinator of with transplant tumors, tumor therapy studies. x-ray ysis, two to four years' experience in health services Visitor Services (03123) $8,775- $10.850. experimentation, drug prep and injection techniques research) $l7,725-$25,000. desired): (80502) uses studies Publications Data Entry Operator (3486) $8,250-S10.150. hybridoma technology: Editor/Writer (35(9) produces major pub- infected animals (expertise or to learn basic lications for the school: centralizes Duplicating Machine Operator 1(3 positions) $6,325- willingness publications budget, 57.625. methodology in cellular immunology: degree in science) evaluates and advises on overall publications image: 510.700-513,125. supervises production of monthly newsletter, list- Electrician 1(2794) Union wages. yearly Research III ing of faculty publications and research, course listing Electrician (3322) (experience in three-phase power sys- Laboratory Technician (8 positions) tems. electrical construction and installation of electrical S10,700413, 125. and other major school publications (degree with course- work in or or conduit) Union wages. Residence Hail Clerk (3404) Hourly wages. journalism English preferred equivalent I experience: demonstrated writing skills: two to three Electronic Technician I (B0399) S9,600-$11,700. Secretary S7.200-$8.750. Electronic years' publications related experience) $14.200-519.625. Technician 11 (3254) $ 10.700-$13.125. Secretary 11(10 positions) $7.700-S9.425. Foreman, Farm Unit (B0518) 56.900-58.825. Secretary III (19 positions) 58.250-5 10.150. Research Administrator (3465) $17,725-$25,000. Helper (3506) moves furniture, carries equipment and Secretary IV (3469) S9.400-SII,675. Research Coordinator (80684) $14.200-519.625. materials to sites: cleans fluorescent fixture lenses 59,400-511,675. Research I sets and conducts job Secretary, Computer Facility (3489) Specialist (00717) up (high school graduate: PA driver's license for Secretary, Medical/Technical (10 S8.775- in research of radiation pick-up positions) experiments laboratory therapy truck: physically able to climb ladders, lift tools: familiar $10,850. department under direction of principal investigator with tools of various crafts) Union wages. Stack Attendant (3520) arranges material in library col- (degree in geology chemistry: at least two years' research Technician II $10,7W$13.125. lections: shelves materials in accordance with the lab, work with tumors Histology (00697) library experience required: transplanted Information Systems Technician (B0696) S10,125- appropriate classification system: substitutes for circula- in viso in vitro, drug distribution and metabolism, iso- S12,525. tion desk clerks and exit attendants: assistance desired) provides tope methodology $12.375-S17.425. Junior Accountant (03065) sends bills to students: in locating materials for moving or shipment. Union Research Specialist I (2 positions) (80597) (80530) and bills: reduces and credit wages. $12.375-$17,425. explains adjusts charges accounts according to financial aid: collects payments for Steam Operator (3323) trouble shoots problems to Staff Dentist (3473) 531.150-543,925. dining, residence, prior bills and current tuition and fees HVAC systems: general mechanical maintenance: work Supervisor, Mechanical Systems (3507) monitors (computational skill and good aptitude for clerical work alternate shifts (thorough knowledge of high and low operations and central control equipment: dispatches and figures: high school graduate, some college course- pressure steam and related equipment: familiar with repair staff: analyzes and prepares periodic statistical work preferred, especially in accounting) $8,775-SIO.850. pneumatic temperature controls. heating pumps and air reports on energy service foundation (high school gradu- Junior Accountant (3482) 58,775-510,850. compressors) Union wages. ate: five years' experience as journeyman in mechanical, Limited Service Clerk (3470) 57.700-$9.425. Student/Medical Record Assistant (3471) $8,775- electrical, heating, ventilating, or air conditioning: capa- Limited Service Secretary (3523) types. answers S10.850. ble of working independently) 513.450-516.650. phone, schedules lab: maintains video tape files and Supervisor, Herdsman (80308) $15.292-S19.606. Vice-Dean, Law School (3434) acts as dean of students learning lab materials: instructs in use of equipment: Supervisor, Herdsman (3422) SI0.025-S12.850. and secretary to the faculty: oversees many administra- processes exams for continuing education courses: regis- Word Processing Secretary/Technician (00714) tive functions of the law school: assists the dean in ters participants: interacts with dental societies (high operates Lexitron or word processor for grants, scientific preparation of reports and performs other duties as pres- school graduate, some college course-work helpful: three manuscripts and transcription of correspondence from cribed by the dean (law degree: member of a bar: prior to five years' experience) Hourly wages. dictating machine (excellent typing: business school and faculty or administrative experience in a law school Medical/Dental Receptionist (2 positions) (3450) secretarial experience: knowledge of word processing strongly desirable). (3447) $7.700-$9.425. and dictating equipment helpful) $8.775-$l0,850.

Almanac October 28, /980 II

The Work of Lawrence R. Klein by F Gerard Adams

Many of us at Penn have the good fortune to know Larry Klein as 2. Computerization of the process of model estimation and solution. The a colleague and friend. But onlyfew ofus are closely acquainted with earliest use ofthe computer for estimation was in the 1950s in the estimation the body of work which won him the Nobel Prize in economics. of the Klein-Goldberger model. Under the leadership of Klein, procedures were at Penn for These notes are an attempt-an incomplete one, I am sure-to developed computerized data banks, estimation procedures, this and solution algorithms for complex non-linear systems. The computer has remedy gap. made efficient to the of econometric models in the possible estimation and operation of very large and complex Referring development years econometric models. These have been and into since World War Il, Paul Samuelson called this 'the of procedures adapted expanded period age data and model operating systems, accessible nationwide, even worldwide, Klein." The contribution of Lawrence Klein to the development of on computer terminals. This development has been the basis fora new service present day applied econometrics in the United States and elsewhere industry with widespread application in business and government. in the world could not be more summarized. From the barest aptly 3. Real world prediction with models. Beginning with the Klein- in the thirties and forties, econometrics has become beginnings early Goldberger model, forecasts have been prepared on a regular basis- a burgeoning new science with applications in economic forecasting, quarterly with the Wharton model since 1963. Current developments in the public policy making and business management. The pioneering economy are factored into the model. The forecasts are confronted with real influence of Klein and of his students can be felt behind practically data. Scientific records are maintained on past forecasts and cooperative all aspects of this new field. analysis of performance of many econometric models is carried out. Early on. Klein a with economists from business and The earliest phase of Klein's career represents some important developed dialogue government contributions to macroeconomic The now classic volume, on the assumptions going into the forecast and on the evaluation of the theory. forecast results. Out of this Klein Wharton EFA. the first The Keynesian Revolution (1947), was the first complete formal activity developed of the national econometric forecasting services. mathematical statement of Keynesian economic theory. His approach to the theory of aggregation (1946) is the current practice, 4. Applications to policy analysis. The models are used continually for simulation of current alternatives. Recent have included even now. His paper with H. Rubin on the constant-utility index of policy developments a new control for scale models. Models are the cost of living (1947-48) first presented the linear expenditure optimum algorithm large widely used in and outside the government to evaluate alternative monetary, fiscal, system, a central core of much present day consumer His theory. and energy policies. A current project of model simulations involves testing of Leontief's an interpretation system (1952-53) provides important the probable impact of industry policies designed to revitalize the US alternative view to the structural basis of the Leontief input-output economy. coefficients. 5. The extension of the macro models to the level of markets On theoretical like these, Klein based his commodity beginnings subsequent and industries and regions. Klein and his students have extended the macro research. This work with studies of empirical began business fluctua- in importantdirections by the for economet- tions modeling recognizing potentials and with construction of small econometric models of the ric model building at lower levels of aggregation than the nation. New model United States. One of these, widely known as Klein's Model I, is structures have been constructed describing world markets for primary frequently reestimated for experimental purposes. Using one of commodities and testing out alternative approaches to commodity price these models he challenged the view prevailing at the close of World stabilization policy. Input-output has been integrated into national accounts War II that the United States economy would drop back into models. A new field, industrial econometrics, has grown out of work on industries. models have been first students of Kleinat recession, a challenge which was amply indicated. This work was Regional developed by Pennsylvania. Monetary sector models have been built and Klein is partici- followed in the early 1950s by the well known Klein-Goldberger pating in a comprehensive model of the Flow of Funds accounts. model (with A. S. Goldberger, 1955), a pioneering system not only with regard to structure, size and advanced estimation methodology, Perhaps, the capstone so far of Klein's career is Project LINK, in but also the first econometric model to be used regularly for business essential respects, an econometric model of the world. Centered at cycle forecasting. Pennsylvania, Project LINK is a consortium of model builders from Klein's attention also turned to model building in many other all over the world. Linked together on the computer at one time are parts of the world. He advised in the construction of the first econometric models of 13 developed market countries, of developing econometric models in many countries including Canada and Japan, regions, and of the Soviet bloc. and he and his associates constructed the first quarterly econometric Many of these models have been built with Klein's advice and model, a model ofthe United Kingdom. The pattern he proposed for most of them use the theoretical approach, computer software, and models ofdeveloping economics is apparent in models for countries operating procedures developed with the Wharton models. One as disparate as India, Mexico, and the Sudan. Recently, he worked significant payout of Project LINK is the transmission ofeconomet- with his colleagues to build a model of the Soviet Union, an econo- ric macro model building and simulation techniques across the metric description of economic planning and plan implementation world. Project LINK is an operating model system used regularly for in the Soviet economy. predicting world trade and for testing the impact of alternative At the University of Pennsylvania from 1958, working with a team policies. The LINK system, like the other work of Klein, is con- of students and colleagues, Klein initiated a tradition of model stantly being improved and elaborated. Commodity market models, building and utilization which has set the pattern for all subsequent balance of payments, and financial flows are being integrated into work. This involved: this system. Already, it is only the precursor of a number of interna- linked econometric models. I. Construction of large scalestructural models-the Wharton Economet- tionally ric Model now in its fourth version is the premier national forecasting model. As is appropriate, the development and application ofeconomet- Based on macroeconomic theory, it consists of a detailed comprehensive ric models has grown far beyond the campus at Penn. The craft of description of the economy incorporating the framework of the national econometric model building and application, first developed by income and product accounts. The Wharton Annual and Industry Model is Lawrence Klein, has become the basis for economic planning and an even larger system which incorporates an input-output system. Klein was policy management all over the world. also the director of the Brookings Econometric Model, a cooperative effort of econometricians to build a highly disaggregated structural representation of the United States of the innovations introduced in the economy. Many Dr. Adams, professor of economics andflnance, is a longtime associate model are to be in at Wharton and Brookings found subsequent models of Dr. Klein c anda board member of Wharton Econometric Forecasting elsewhere. Associates.

12 October 28, 1980 Almanac