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Traci Lindsey Dissertation Bulgarian Verbs of Motion: Slavic Verbs in a Balkan Context by Traci Speed Lindsey A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Slavic Languages and Literatures in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Ronelle Alexander, Chair Professor Johanna Nichols Professor Alan Timberlake Professor Dan Slobin Spring 2011 Bulgarian Verbs of Motion: Slavic Verbs in a Balkan Context copyright 2011 by Traci Speed Lindsey Abstract Bulgarian Verbs of Motion: Slavic Verbs in a Balkan Context by Traci Speed Lindsey Doctor of Philosophy in Slavic Languages and Literatures University of California, Berkeley Professor Ronelle Alexander, Chair This study examines the motion verb system of Bulgarian, focusing both on the structure of the Bulgarian motion verb itself, and on the information typically encoded in the Bulgarian verb of motion. It then compares the Bulgarian motion verb system with the motion verb systems of two other Slavic languages, Russian and Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian (BCS). The theoretical framework is Leonard Talmy’s typological categorization of languages as either verb framed/low manner languages or satellite framed/high manner languages. The Slavic language family, like most other Indo-European languages families, is considered satellite framed and high manner: path of motion tends to be expressed by a satellite to the verb (in the form of a preposition and/or a prefix), leaving the verb root free to express manner. The expression of manner in the verb root itself results in a lower cognitive load for the processing of manner of motion, and consequently, speakers of satellite-framed languages tend to develop motion verb vocabulary around the expression of manner of motion. For this research I collected a data set of 500 motion verbs from Bulgarian literature, and then another data set of approximately 500 motion verbs from each from Bulgarian, BCS, and Russian, from novels translated into these languages from two satellite framed/high manner languages (English and German) and two verb framed/low manner languages (Portuguese and Turkish). I also collected oral narratives using the picture book Frog, Where Are You? , and compared these data with similar data collected by other researchers for Serbian and Russian. This allowed me to not only to describe the Bulgarian motion verb system and its most common verbs of motion, but also to compare Bulgarian motion verb usage with other Slavic language motion verb usage. This research has discovered a number of ways in which the lexicalization patterning of Bulgarian motion verbs is not typically Slavic. Namely, Bulgarian focuses heavily on path constructions, and new motion verb vocabulary has developed around path constructions in ways not seen in BCS and Russian. Additionally, although Bulgarian verbal prefixation appears to be quite similar to that in Russian and BCS, the system is in fact much more limited; this may be a factor in the increased expression of path of motion in Bulgarian. Finally, this research has shown that Bulgarian lexicalization patterns are more similar to those in Greek, and raises the possibility that the Bulgarian motion verb system might have been influenced by Balkan contact phenomena. 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................... iii CHAPTER 1: Introduction 1.1 The mysteries of the Slavic motion verb .............................................................................1 1.2 Manner and Path Conflation ................................................................................................2 1.3 Methodology ........................................................................................................................9 1.4 Review of literature............................................................................................................10 1.5 About the Bulgarian language ...........................................................................................12 CHAPTER 2: The Bulgarian language and its verbal system 2.1 Characteristic features of the Bulgarian motion verb: An overview .................................16 2.2 The common motion verbs in Bulgarian ...........................................................................20 2.3 Verbs denoting COMING and GOING ...................................................................................25 2.4 Verbs denoting arrival or return .........................................................................................33 2.5 Verbs denoting departure or setting out .............................................................................36 2.6 Verbs denoting entering and exiting ..................................................................................39 2.7 Verbs of ascending and descending ...................................................................................41 2.8 Verbs denoting horizontal directional motion ...................................................................45 2.9 Verbs denoting the action RUN ...........................................................................................48 2.10 Verbs meaning JUMP ..........................................................................................................51 2.11 Verbs meaning FLY ............................................................................................................52 2.12 Verbs denoting movement in water ...................................................................................54 2.13 A list of Bulgarian motion verbs, categorized ...................................................................55 CHAPTER 3: Verbs of motion from Bulgarian Literature 3.1 The data ..............................................................................................................................59 3.2 Frequency among Bulgarian motion verbs ........................................................................60 3.3 Manner and path in Bulgarian motion verbs......................................................................63 3.4 The role of prefixation .......................................................................................................71 3.5 Conclusion .........................................................................................................................82 CHAPTER 4: Verbs of motion from translated literature 4.1 Why compare translated data? ...........................................................................................83 4.2 The data set and its source .................................................................................................83 4.3 Comparison of the Bulgarian motion verb sets..................................................................84 4.4 The Bulgarian data .............................................................................................................88 4.5 The Serbian data ................................................................................................................99 4.6 The Russian data ..............................................................................................................107 4.7 Slavic verbs expressing WALK .........................................................................................113 4.8 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................120 CHAPTER 5: Oral narratives 5.1 Frog, Where are You? as oral narrative ...........................................................................122 5.2 Manner and Path in Frog, Where are You? ....................................................................122 5.3 The Bulgarian narrations of Frog, Where are You? ........................................................123 5.4 Path and manner in the oral narratives ............................................................................140 5.5 Serbian frog stories ..........................................................................................................143 5.6 Russian frog stories ..........................................................................................................151 5.7 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................160 i 5.8 Epilogue ...........................................................................................................................161 CHAPTER 6: Conclusion 6.1 The Bulgarian language between Slavic and Balkan langauges ......................................162 6.2 The non-Slavic nature of Bulgarian motion verbs ...........................................................162 6.3 Prefixes and manner vs. path in Bulgarian motion verbs ................................................163 6.4 The “Balkanization” of Bulgarian motion verb lexicalization patterns ...........................165 6.5 Areas for further research ................................................................................................165 Bibliography ..............................................................................................................................167 Appendix A: Bulgarian Frog Stories ..........................................................................................171 Appendix B: Serbian Frog Stories ..............................................................................................191
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