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Infrastructure: Rapid Evidence Reviews

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Infrastructure: Rapid Evidence Reviews Infrastructure: Rapid Evidence Reviews Commissioned by DFID September 2012 Disclaimer This set of rapid evidence reviews has been produced by Evidence on Demand with the assistance of the UK Department for International Development (DFID) contracted through the Climate, Environment, Infrastructure and Livelihoods Professional Evidence and Applied Knowledge Services (CEIL PEAKS) programme, jointly managed by HTSPE Limited and IMC Worldwide Limited. The views expressed in the reviews are entirely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent DFID’s own views or policies, or those of Evidence on Demand. Comments and discussion on items related to content and opinion should be addressed to the authors, via [email protected]. Summary ............................................................................................................ 5 Climate change adaptation, mitigation and low carbon development ......................... 5 Service delivery to the poor ....................................................................................... 5 Growth and poverty reduction .................................................................................... 6 Conclusions ............................................................................................................... 7 Climate change adaptation ................................................................................. 8 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................ 8 2. The scale of the adaptation challenge ................................................................... 9 3. Adapting to the changing climate; what are the wider implications for investment in infrastructure? ........................................................................................................... 9 4. Infrastructure to build resilience to extreme climate events .................................. 11 5. Infrastructure and adaptation to long-term climate change ................................. 13 6. Infrastructure in country adaptation plans ............................................................ 15 7. International climate finance ................................................................................ 16 Annex 1. International Climate Funds ...................................................................... 17 References .............................................................................................................. 20 Low carbon development and climate change mitigation ................................... 23 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................... 23 2. Buildings .............................................................................................................. 25 3. Transport ............................................................................................................. 27 4. Urban Development/Planning .............................................................................. 28 5. Power sector ....................................................................................................... 30 References .............................................................................................................. 34 Climate finance ................................................................................................ 37 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................... 37 2. Climate Finance: what is typically counted........................................................... 38 3. Current Volumes of Climate Investment .............................................................. 39 4. Barriers to Investment ......................................................................................... 39 5. Sources of Climate Finance ................................................................................. 41 References .............................................................................................................. 44 Housing ............................................................................................................ 47 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................... 47 2. Overview ............................................................................................................. 47 3. Housing, economic growth and poverty reduction................................................ 49 4. Climate change and reduction of carbon emissions ............................................. 51 5. Polices and approaches ...................................................................................... 53 6. Some specific issues and initiatives ..................................................................... 57 Water and sanitation ......................................................................................... 60 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................... 60 2. Water Resources ................................................................................................. 61 3. Water infrastructure ............................................................................................. 64 4. Sanitation and wastewater management ............................................................. 71 5. Sector influence on economic growth and poverty reduction .............................. 76 6. Policies and approaches ...................................................................................... 79 Land transport including rural roads .................................................................. 81 Summary ................................................................................................................. 81 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................... 82 2 2. Transport infrastructure’s role in growth and poverty reduction ........................... 83 3. Community engagement and accessibility ........................................................... 86 4. Technology and improved use of local resources ................................................ 87 5. Maintenance ........................................................................................................ 88 6. Climate change adaptation and low carbon development .................................... 89 7. Service delivery to the poor ................................................................................. 90 8. Suggested priorities for DFID support .................................................................. 91 References .............................................................................................................. 94 Appendix 1 .............................................................................................................. 97 Road safety ...................................................................................................... 98 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................... 98 2. Road safety is a development priority .................................................................. 99 3. Critical elements of successful evidence-based road safety practice ................. 103 4 Building management capacity ........................................................................... 114 5. Priority actions for DFID ..................................................................................... 117 Annex 1: The road safety management system ..................................................... 119 Corruption and transparency .......................................................................... 120 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 120 2. Nature of the evidence....................................................................................... 121 3. Risks and impacts of Corruption in Infrastructure............................................... 123 4. Policy responses ............................................................................................... 129 References ............................................................................................................ 138 Trade corridors ............................................................................................... 143 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 143 2. Trade and development ..................................................................................... 144 3. Trade corridors .................................................................................................. 145 4. HMG & DFID’S trade initiatives .......................................................................... 149 5. Key issues ......................................................................................................... 150 Annex 1: Table of acronyms .................................................................................. 160 References ............................................................................................................ 161 Review of donors’
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