Systematic Study of Fossil Turbo （Batillus）From Japan

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VENUS ap ． Jour． Malac ．貝雑 σ − ） Vol．55， No．4 （1996）：2S1 297

日本産サザエ亜属化石の分類学的研究

小澤智生・冨田進

（名古屋大学地球惑星科学教室・中京学院大学経営学部）

Systematic Study of Fossil Turbo （Batillus）from Japan

Tomowo OzAwA and Susumu ToMIDA

（Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences， Nagoya UniΨ ersity， Nagoya，464−0正 Japan and

Chukyo 509 − Gakuin University，Nakatsugawa ， 91 Japan）

Abs £mc 重3Fossi1 speciInens of 乃ご厂加（Bat’〃翼∫）from the Neogene and Quaternary of Japan

are described， Three taxa are recognized ， Tu 厂わo （8 α”〃us ）co 〃褶！us Ligh［foot，1786， Turbo （Ba 躍 ’μ3 ）c ゐ’nensis Ozawa and Tomida，1995， and 跏厂加（Bat”伽∫）priscus n ，5p ． Tu 厂ω

（Bat’〃us ）ρ厂な‘us n ． sp ． is described on the basis of the specimens coUected from th僧 upPer

Mioccne and the lower Pliocenc formations in so 腿 thwestern Japan ． The new species exhibits

morphologic characteristics that suggest that ancestral to bot瓱乃君’加（Bat’〃甜の ω 厂朋 ’婚 and Turbo （βα ”〃の ‘カ’nensis 、 The stratigraphic and geogτaphic distributions of 山 c thrcc fossil species of Turbo （fiati〃us ） are also su π1皿 arized ．

Introduction

Occurrences of fossil molluscs from rocky shore habitats are much rare than those

soft turbinid 孟nstance from bottom habitats．This iscertainly true for the gastropods ．For ， there are very few fossil records of Turbo （βロ ”〃us ） co 厂η μ’躍 r in the upper Cenozoic of

although this species rocky southern Japan ， today isquite abundant in shore habitatsfrom

Hokkaido to so ロ thern Kyushu ．

specimens of Turbo Bat 〃 u were collected the tuffaceous sand − Recently， fossil （の from

stone of the upper Miocene Maja Formationin Kume Is正and ， Okinawa Prefecture， and

from conglomeratic sandstones of the upper Miocene and the lower Pliocene formations

in the southern Kwanto region ， Japan ． Study of this fossil materiai suggests that it

represents a 興ew species of Turbo closely rela ！ed to both Turbo（βα ”〃us ）cornutus Lightfoot a 且 dTurbo （Bat 〃 us ） chinetzsis Ozawa and Tomida ， The purpose of this report is to describe the new species of Turbo （Bat”如 5 ）and to revlew fossil record of Turbo （BatiUus）from the Neogene and Quaternary of Japan ． The phy 匡ogenetic reIationships among the three species are also discussed．

SYSTEMAT 夏CS Family TURBINIDAE

Genus Tuめ o Linnaeus， 1758

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Subgenus BatiUus Schumacher, 1817 Type species: TUrbo cornutus Lightfoot, 1786

Subgeneric diagnosis: Species of litrbo eharacterized by having a body whorl most corn- monly with 2 series of hellow spines (sometimes open spines) and a spiral marginal rib

on operculum.

Distribution: late Miecene to Pleistocene: central to southern Japan; Recent: Japan sea

sicle of northeast Japan, central to soutljern Japan, southern Korea, and East and South

China seas.

1letrbo (Batilbts) priscus n. sp. (Fig, 1; PI, 1, figs. 1-9; PL 2, fig. 8)

1973 Ttirbe (BatiUus) aff. cornutus Gmelin: Shikama, p. 197, Pl, 1, figs 12, l3, 7)lpes: Holotype (reg. no. ESN2570: Furukawa Museum, Nagoya University), a mature specimen from the pumiceous sandstene of the middle part of the Maja Formation (upper Miocene, Blow's N17 Zone) exposed at a small cliff by the side of a sugar cane field,

approximately 520 m SSE of Mt. Fusakina-san, west of Maja, Nakasatp-mura, Shirnajiri-gun in Kume Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan (26e20.8' N, 126e47.7' E). Coilected by T. Ozawa. Paratypes- A rnature specimen (ESN2571), two immature specim ¢ ns (ESN2572, ESN2573), a fragment of a body whorl of a mature shell (ESN2574), three opercula eSN2575, 2576, 2577), all from the same locality as the holotype; a rnature shell (YCM- GP864: Yokosuka City Muselim) from the lowerrnost Pliocene Ochiai Formation, Susugaya Subgroup, Tanzawa Group (Zone N18), in Ochiai, Kiyokawa-mura, Aiko-gun, Kanagawa Prefecture.

Material: In addition to the type-material, the following specirnens from various localities

in Japan are used in the species description. A mature shell (Kamiya's collection, Pl. 1, fig. 8) from the lowermost Pliocene Osozawa Mernber of the Shizukawa Group (Zone N18), in Osozawa, Nakatomi-cho, Minamikoma- gun, Yamanashi Prefecture; an immature shell eSN2578), from the uppermost Miocene Tokawa Conglomerate (Zone N17), in Inuwaka, Na-arai-cho, Choshi City, Chiba Prefec-. ture; an immature shell (YCM--GP525--2: Shikama, 1973, figs. I2, 13), from the uppermost Miocene Shimoyamaguchi Member of the Zushi Formation, Miura Group (Zone N17), in Daimyoji-danchi, Yokosuka City, Kanagawa Prefecture; a mature shell, from the upper

Miocene Tano Member of the Higashimorogata Formation, Miyazaki Group (Zone N17),

in Takaoka, Takaoka-cho, Higashimorogata-gun, Miyazaki Prefecture (coll. by Y. Nakamura). Diagnosis: Medium-sized species of 7hrrbo (Batiltus) characterized by a moderately high spire and a large body whorl that has an.angulated shoulder and usually three rows of

short hollew spines. Oper ¢ ulum with a coarsely granulose central hurnp encircled by a

spiral rib.

Description: Shell is medium in size and turbiniform. The largest specimen attains a height

of about 85 mm and a width of more than 70 mm. Spire is moderately high and is

composed of five rounded teleoconch whorls that are separated by moderately impressed

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Ozawa & Tomida: Systematic Study of Fossil Tletrbo {BatiUus) 283

sutures. Shoulder is slightly angled and is situated above mid-whorl, The protoconch is srnooth, and consists of about 1.5 whorls. The first two teleocench whorls are ernamented with raised and rounded spiral eords and interstitial threads whieh are finely scaled. The succeeding two whorls are ornamented with distinct primary spiral cords, weak secondary spiral cords and interstitial threads. The body whorl is very large and approxirnates 2/3 of the total shell height. It is sculptured with weak irregular spiral cords and usually has three rows of srnall hollow spines that are rather closely spaced and sometimes open at their tips. The first row of spines occurs at the shou!der, the second row at the periphery, and the third row at the basal periphery. The spines positioned on the shoulder are the strongest and are prorninent ebliquely. The base is sculptured with two or three rows of short spines. The whorls are also sculptued with fine scaly axial threads. The aperture is large and nearly circular. The shell is anomphalous and has a columella that is projected anteriorly and flattened broadly at the ventral side. The operculum is slightiy ovate, convex on the outside, and fiat inside. The fine granulose eperculum has a rnore coarsely granulose

central hump whieh is encircled by a spiral rib.

Fig. 1. A mature shell of TLtrbo (Batil:us) prisctts n. sp, reconstructed based on the specimens examined. MigAhYV'-JtX

Mbasurements (mm): Height Max.W. Min.W. HBW HAP Holotype: 52.4 35.6 ESN2570 (Pl. 1, figs. Ia-c) 69.5(60.0+) Paratypes:

31.2+13.529.612.8 ESN2571 (Pl. 1, figs.2a,b) 52.0+ SO.2 14.1 ESN2572 (Pl. 1, figs. 3a,b) 20.0 16.3 ESN2575 (Pl. I, figs. 6a,b)- operculum 18.8 17.0 53.0 YCM-GP864 (Pl.2, fig. 8) 81.2

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Other specimens ：

ESN2579 （P 監．1， fig． g） 30．0 22．047

， K 邑 miya s colL （PL 1， fig，8） 63．0 ± 59．6 ．4

（W ： width ， HBW ： helght of body whor1 ， HAP ： height of aperture ）

ノ

゜O O 享ー ★ ダ避び． boe

Fig．2． Map showing collecting lecalities of Turbo （Batiltus ） priscus n ， sp ． in the upPerrnost Miocene io the lowermost Pliocene formations of Japan，日本の最上部一中新統最下部鮮新統産新種ムカシサザエの化石産地．1．Maja ， Nakasato −mura − （Kume Island）， Shimajirigun ， Okinawa Prefecture（uppermost Miocene ）．2．・ Takaoka ， Higashimorogata gun， Miyazaki Prefecture （upper Miocene ）．3， − Osozawa， Nakatomi cho ， Minamikoma −gun、 Yamanashi Prefecture（lowermost Pliecene、4．Ochiai − − ）， Kiyokawamura ， Aiko gun ， Kanagawa Prefecture（lowe；most − P 且iocene）．5． Daimyeji danchi， Yokosuka City， Kanagawa Pゴef ピcture （uppermost − − Miocene），6． Inuwaka ， Na arai cho ， Choshi City， Chiba Prefecture〔uppermost Miocene ）．

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Ozawa & Temida: Systematic Study of Fossi1 7leirbo (Batillus) 28S

Cbmparison: 7letrbo (BatiUus) prisetrs n. sp. rnost closely resemb!es 71trbo (BatiUus) cornutus Lightfoot. However it is distinguished from the latter species by having a smaller adult shell and shorter hollow spines which are more prorninently projected adapically on the

body whorl. It also differs frorn the latter species in having an operculum that possesses finer and more rounded granules, a more smooth spiral rib, and a distinct central hurnp. It is also closely similar to Titrbe (BatiUus) chinensis Ozawa and Tomida, but differs from the latter species in having a body whorl that is sculptured with weak irregular spiral cords and hollow spine$, and also in having an operculurn that has a distinct spiral rib and

central hurnp. Remarks: In the upper Miocene formations, the present new species occurs along with many warm water molluscan fossils such as Suchium koyuense Shuto, Ethalia mexima (Shuto), Chtorostoma narusei Shibata, Omphatius sp,, Tberbo (Lunatica) n. sp., Titrbo (Mbrmarostoma) sp., Astraea omorii Shibata, Botma virgata (Ozaki), Conus spp., Glycymeris formosana (Yekoyama), Amussiopecten spp., C7lrlatrrys (Mimachlampts) satoi (Yokoyama), 6lycydonta marica (Linnaeus) and Megacardita sp. Most of these molluscs are members of the Zushi Fauna proposed by Ozawa and Tomida (1992). fossil occurrences: Upper Miocene Maja Formation (Blow's N17 Zone) in Maja, Nakasato- mura, Shimajiri-gun, Kurne Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan (26"20,8' N, 126e47.7' E);

upper Miocene Tano Member of the Higashimorogata Formation, Miyazaki Group (Zone N17), in Takaoka, Takaoka-cho, Higashimorogata-gun, Miyazaki Prefecture; upper Miocene Shimoyamaguehi Member of the Zushi Formatien, Miura Group (Zone N17), in Daimyoji- danchi, Yokosuka City, Kanagawa Prefecture; upper Miocene Tokawa Conglomerate (Zone N17), in Inuwaka, Na-arai-cho, Choshi City, Chiba Prefecture; lowermost Pliocene Ochiai Formation, Susugaya Subgroup, Tanzawa Group (Zone N18), in Ochiai, Kiyokawa-mura,

Aiko-gun, Kanagawa Prefecture; lowermost Pliocene Osozawa Mernber of the Shizukawa Group (Zone N18), in Osozawa, Nakatomi-cho, MinaMikoma-gun, Yamanashi Prefecture, 2. Japan. The oceurrences of 7letrbo (Batitlus) priscus n, sp. are shown in Fig.

1letrbo

imterial: The following specimens are used in the description, An immature shell (USNM562895, MacNeil, 1960, fig. 11) and a submature shell (USNM562896, MacNeil, 1960, fig. 12), from the upper Pliocene Nakoshi Sand of the Shimajiri Group (Zone N 21), near Nakoshi Primary School in Haneji, Nago City, Okinawa Prefecture. A body whorl of a mature shell (ESN2580, Furukawa Mtiseurn, Nagoya University), from the saine locality (Loc. No. 17440 of MacNeil, 1960). Description: Shell is small to medium in size, globular and turbiniform. A submature shell (USNM562896) attains a maximum height of about 35 mm and a maximum width

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of 24 mm. Spire' is moderately high and is composed of four rounded teleoconch whorrs that are separated by rnoderately impressed sutures. The protoconeh is smooth and attains about 1,5 in number of whorls, Shoulder is slightly angled and is represented by a rib thicker than the others. The first two whorls of the teleoconch are ornamented with raised

Turbo CBatiilus)chinensPleistocornutuPleisto N P[iocene 1 Turbo (Batillus) fe @ Pliocene e

Eastchlna S 3OON

y 's lo

2 Ps ES bee

Fig. 3.Map showing the cellccting localities of fossil 7)irbo (Batitts) chinensis and fossil Tbe,:be CBatillus) cornutus. h > h i t}'tt'=ts : asV'tt' LOIltEkta. 11trbe (Batittus) chinensis Ozawa'and Tomida, l. Haneji, Nago City, Okinawa Prefecture (upper Pliocene), 2. Naha, Okinawa Prefecture (Pleistocene). ntrbo (Batittus) corntttus Lightfoot, 3. Hatsuzaki, Aiga-cho, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture (upper Pliocene), 4. Ichijuku, Kimitsu City, Chiba Prefecture (lower Pleistocene). 5, Tsukui-harna, Yokosuka City, Kanagawa Prefecture (upper middle Pleistocene). 6. Nekoya, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka Prefecture (middle Plelstocene). 7, Takamatsu, Akabane-che, Atsumi-gun, Aichi Prefecture (middle Pleistocene), 8, Miyainu, Uchiura-machi, Suzu-gun, Ishikawa Prefecture (upper Pleistocene),

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Ozawa & Tomida: Systematic Study of Fossil Tderbo (Bati"us) 287

and rounded spiral cords and interstitial threads which are finely scaled. The succeeding two whorls are ornamented with distinct primary spiral cords, weak secondary spiral cords and interstitial threads, The body whorl is large, approxirnates 2/3 of total shell height, and attains 28 mm in height in a rnature shell (ESN2580). It is sculptured with prirnary, secondary and sornetimes tertiary spineless spiral cords and much finer interstitial threads, and alse by close-set, high, oblique lamerlae, The aperture is nearly circular. The shell is attomphalous with a thick and smooth columella. The operculum is unknown,

Remarks: MacN ¢ il (1960) was aware that the specimens from the Nakoshi Sand represent

a new species of BatiUus. But he did not erect a new taxon for the specimens he had.

In shape and major features of its sculpture, the Nakoshi specirnens are almost identical to the spineless individuals of 1}irbo (BatiUus) chinensis Ozawa and Tomida, 1995 from the type-locality in Shanwei, China (cornpare Pl. 2, Figs. 1, 2 and Fig. 3). The spineless individua! from the Nakoshi Sand rnay represent an ecophenotype of 7letrbo (Batilius) chinensis in less-exposed inshore environments, a condition that is well known in 71trbo

(BatiUus) cornutus. In the Nakoshi Sand, 7letrbo (BatiUus) chinensis Ozawa and Tomida occurs along with 7)ochus sp., 7}trbo gemmatus Reeve, Titrritella .filiota Yokoyama, Clerithium (Proclava) sp., 71tgurium exutum (Reeye), Strombus (Labiostrombus} cf. S. (L.) japonicus Reeve, Bunsa rana (Linnaeus), Ammusiopecten praesignis (Yokoyama) and C7itamys (Mimachtamys) satoi (Yokoyama). Fbssit occurrences: Upper Pliocene Nakoshi Sand, the lower Pleistocene Naha Limestone and the middle Pleistocene Yomitan Limestone in Okinawa Island, southwestern Japan (see

MacNeil, 1960, p, 32).

7letrbo (BatiUus) cornutus Lightfoot, 1786

(Pl. 2, figs. 4-7; Pl, 3, figs, 1, 2)

1786 71irbo cornutus Lightfoot, p. 147 (non vidi). 1788 7letrbo cernutus Grnelin, p, 3S93 (non vidi). 1848 71irbo cornutus Gmelin: Reeve, Turbo, sp.4, pl.2,'fig.4. 1848 71trbo J'aponicus Reeye (in part), Turbo, sp,33b, Pl. 9, fig, 33b (not p!.B, fig. 33). !888 7itrbo cornutus: Pilsbry, p.210, pl. 43, figs.50, S2. 1924 72trbo (Batittus) eornntus Gmelin: Yokoyama, p. 3i, pl. 1, fig, 22, 1934 7}trbe (BatiUus) cornutus Solander: Hirase, pl,73, fig.3, 1954 71trbo (Batitlus) cornutus Solander: Taki and Oyama, p.6, pl.34, fig. 22, 1962 7letrbo (Batillus) cornutus Setander: Kira, p, 16, pl. 10, figs. 5a, 5b. 1963 Titrbo (Batillus) eornutus Solander: Shikama and Horikoshi, p. 14, pl.12, fig.4. 1967 Batitlus' cornutus (Lightfoot); Habe and Kosuge, p. IS, pl.8, figs.9, 10. 1971 BatiUus cornutus (Lightfoot): Kuroda, Habe and Oyarna, p. 46, pl. 13, figs, 1, 2, pl. IS, fig. 8. !973 Tttrbo (Batittus) eornutus (Selander): Oyama, p. 17, pl. 1, fig. 2S, 19Sl Tiirbo cornutus Lightfoot: Abbott and Dance, p. 46. 1990 Batiltus cornutus (Lightfoot): Baba, p. 121, pl.3, figs,12a, 12b･ 1993 Bati!lus cornutus (LightfQot): Nakagayva, Fukuoka, Fujii, Chiji and Nakamura, p. 16, pl. S, figs. 9a, 9b; pl. 8, figs, 2a, 2b. 1995 71trbo (BatiUus) cornutus (Solander): Noda, Watanabe and Kikuchi, p.74, fig.12-.7a, -7b, -8.

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Mbterial: The following specimens were exarnined. An irnmature shell (ESN2581), frorn the lower Pleistocene Ichijuku Formation, Kazusa Group (Zone N22), in Ichijuku, Kirnitsu

City, Chiba Prefecture; an adult shell stored in the Kanagawa Prefecturc Museum, ftom

the upper middle Pleistocene Miyata Formation, Kazusa Group (Zone N22) in Kanagawa Prefecture; an operculurn (ESN2583), from the upper middle Pleistocene Miyata Formation, Kazusa Group (Zone N22}, in Tsukui-hama, Yokosuka City, Kanagawa Prefecture; an adult shell (MFMI12118), from the middle Pleistocene Nekoya Formation (Zone N22}, in Nekoya, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka Prefecture; adu!t shells (ESN2584 and MFMI121l9) from the middle Pleistocene Toyohashi Formation of the Atsu;ni Group {Zone N22), in Takamatsu,

Akabane-cho, Atsumi-gun, Aichi Prefecture.

Description; A gerontic specimen (MFMI12;18) from the Nekoya Formation in Shizuoka Prefecture is very !arge, attaining a height more than 121mm･ and a width of 1oo.8mrn.

Spire is moderately high and is composed of five rounded teleoconch whorls that are separat-

ed by moderately impressed sutures. Shoulder is s!ightly angled and is situated above mid-

whorl. The,protoconch is smooth, and censists of about 1.5 whorls. The first two

teleoconch whorls are ornamented with raised and rounded spiral cords and interstitial

threads which are finely scaled. The succeeding two whorls are ornamented with distinct

primary spiral cords, weak secondary spiral cords and interstitial threads. The body whorl

is very large and approxirnates lf2 of the total shell height. It is sculptured with weak irregular spiral cords. A specimen .(MFMI12119; PI. 3, figs. Ia, lb) frorn the Pleistocene Toyohashi Formation bears two rows of spines, one on the shoulder and the other on

the basal angulation. The whorls are sculptued with fine, scaly axial threads. The

aperture is 1arge and nearly circular. The shell is anomphalous with a columella that is

projected anteriorly and flattened broadly at the ventral side (Pl. 3, fig, 2). The operculum is slight!y ovate, convex on the outside, and flat inside. The coarse granulose

operculum has a more coarsely granulose small c¢ ntral hump which is encircled by a distinct

spiral rib. The specimens from the Atsumi Group stilr retain an original reddish brown coloration.

Remarks: 71irbo (Batillus) cornutus Lightfoot exhibits a variation in shell sculpture and coloration related to habitats. Spinous individuals usually occur in exposed offshore rocky

habitats, whi}e the spineless individuals are feund in less-exposed inshore habitats. All of

the fossil specimens reported so far, with exceptions of the individuals from the upper

Plioeene Hitachi Group and the Holocene Takahama shell bed, bear no spine on the body

whorl. The fossil specimens examined in this report are also spineless, except for a speci-

men from the Toyohashi Forrnation, Atsumi Group. They are very similar to living spineless forms of Tttrbo (BatiUtts) cornutus in size, form, and major features of sculpture

of shell and eperculum.

Mliasurements (mm):

Height Max.W. Min.W. HBW HAP MFMI12118 121.1+ 1oo.8+ 69.5+ 54.2 MFMI12119 67.0 55.8 33.7 30.0

ESN2584 60.Q 49.4 43.7 35.0 30.5 ESN2583 (Operculum) 22.0 19.6

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289 Ozawa ＆ Tornida ： Systematic Study of Fossil Turbo （Batit’us ）

Fo ∬ ’10ccu 厂rences ： Upper Plioeene Hatsuzaki Sandstone Me 瀲 ber of the Hitachi Group

． Noda et aL ，1995 ；（Zone N21 ）， in Hatsuzaki， Aigacho ， HitachiCity， IbarakiPrefecture（）

Kimitsu C 量ty， 10werPleistoceneIchijukuFormatio圦，KazusaGroup （Zone N22）， in正chijuku ，

Chlba Prefecture； upper middle Pleistocene Miyata Formation ， Kazusa Group （Zone N22 ），・ −hama Yokosuka middle Pleistocene Nekoya Forma in Tsロ kui ， City 1くanagawa Prefecture ，； − tion （Zone N22）， in NekQya， Shizuoka City， Shizuoka Prefectu爬；middle Pleistocene Toyo − hashi Formation of the Atsumi Group （Zone N22 ）， in Takamats叫 Akabane cho ， shell Miyainu Uchiura− Atsum トgun ， Aichi Prefecture； upper PleistoceneMiyainu bed in ，

° ’ machi − ° ’ E Matsuura 1977 ； Holocene raised ，Suzu gun ， Noto Peninsula （37 20 N ，137 14 ，，） − and coral bearing bed at Numa Tateyama Clty Chiba Prefecture Yokoyallla， 1924， Taki ，，（ −cho Ohi− shell bed Takahama ，， Oyama ， 1954， 0yama ， 1973）； Holocene Takahama ， gun

θ’ a ’ records of 乃 trbo βα”〃us）ckinensis Fukui Prefecture（Nakagawa ．， 1993）．The fossil （

厂厂 Figs。3 4． and Tu わo （Batil’us ） co nuttts are presented in ，

Phylogenetic Rel艮 donships amo 驅 9 Ihe Turbo （8磁跏の Species・

As the result of systematic survey of the 監iving and f6ssil species of Turbo （BatiUus），

taxon Tu 厂わo we now recognize three species ． In size ，form and ornamentation the fossil ，

Miyazeki 15hikavraA 国 Shizuo YemanashiKana 己旧 ChibeOI lbaraki 巳・・ h Fauna 區〔5 〔6C 〔7）｛8 ｝｛9｝膕蹄。繍 c4）） 0Ma − O O ○ ○ N23 CN15 o O ○ o ト ● 里凵凵 Z CN14 園 ● ● 」凵 N22 ● 」 Q ｝ ’T”一”… 口 r ●

★ ★

★ ★ ★ ★ i

丁加跏〃・厂わ・蹴 ’・ 5 ccr 冖utVS ★ り（ 5 ）priscus n ．sp ．屋 Tuめ。（8ヨ亡川・5 ）chinensis ● ／O Tu （〃）

of Turbo Batillus・1 Maja 2 N 乞koshi （3）研菖．4．Stratigraphic and geogtaphic distribution of three species （）（），（）・ Naha ，（4）Takaoka （5）Miyainu，（6）Takahama ，（7）Nekoya ，（8）Osozawa ，（9）Ochiai，（10）Yokosuka， Figs 2and White （11）Ichijuku，（12）Tokawa ，（13）Hatsuzaki． Detailed data on each locality see ． 3、

エ 3 の学的ならび circles represent the distribution of living Turbo （Batilhts）cornuttts ．サザ亜属種層位に地理的分布．各産地の詳細は図 2及び図 3 参照．

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− （Bat〃 us ）priscus n ． sp ． exh 量bits characteristics intermediate between Turbo（Batillus）chinen sis Ozawa and Tomida and Tu 厂∂o （Bati〃us ）cornu ’us Lightfoot． Judgi蔦g from its shell

morphology and time and space 〃 ’us 厂’scus n 。 distributionin ， Turbo （Ba ）ρ ．sp ．lsconsi

to ancestra ！ to dered have been both， Turbo （Bati’ius）chinensis Ozawa and Tomida and Turbo （βα ’” us ） cornutus Lightfoot． Turbo （B α ’〃 us ）priscus n ． sp ． had been widely distributed a 且ong the Pacific sea coasts

of central to southwestern Japan from the Kwanto Region to the Okinawa Islands during the period of late Miocene to early Pliocene． This period・corresponds to a remarkable marine climatic warming event correlated with Neogene Climatic Optimum 3 （Barron and

Ba ！dauf 1990 ．，） An erltirely new tropical and subtropical mo 且Iuscan fauna，the Zushi

Fauna Ozawa and Tomida （， 1992）invaded from the south into the 亅apanese waters at this time ， As the representative elemellts of the Zushi Fauna ， Tu 厂bo （Bat” us ）p 厂iscus n ．sp ． and Turbo （Lunat’ea ）n ， sp ． first apPeared in Japan ， Turbo （Ba ’i”us ）prisetis n ． sp ． is similar to an unnamed coeval species of Turbo （ルfarmarostom の from the Maja

Formation Kume Island in the sculptures 厂 β α’ ， of immature shells ． Tu bo （〃 us ）priscus n ．sp ． was probably derived from species of Tu 厂∂o （ルfar〃Ta厂05 ’o 〃置α ）which is related to the unnamed species from the Mlocene Maja Formation ． Glaciation in the late early P星iocene lead to a major fall of global sea level and the

lowering of sea water temperatures． These climatic changes may have resu 豆ted in fragmen−

tation of the of Tu 厂 ’us 厂 n ． sp ． and the populations bo （Batit ）ρ iscus ， isolated populations might have undergone allopatric speciation ．

The living taxa ， Tu 厂加（βα ’〃 us ｝ chinensis Ozawa and Tomida and Turbo （βα ’〃 us ）

cornutus Lightfoot first appeared in the upper Pliocene in the Ryukyu Isla ds sediments 且，

and eastern Kwanto reglon respectively strongly divergence from − ，， suggesting the the ances tral species．

− Acknowtedgements ： We are very grateful to Dr ． Thomas A ． Dem6r60f the Department of Paleon． tology ， San Diego NaturaI History Museum who provided numerons improvements for the manuscript ， Sincere thanks are extended to Mr ． Taka −akl Saito and Mr ． Yodai Nakamura of the Department

of Earth and Planctary Sciences， Nagoya University， for 山 eir providing a part of th巳 specimens used

in this study ． Thanks are also oxtendcd to Dr ． Yasu 皿 itsu Kanie of the Yokosuka City Museum ， Dr ． H 量roaki Karasawa and Mr ． Yeshitsugu Okumura of thc M 伽 nami Fossil Museum ， and Mr ．

Toshiaki Kamiya of Kasugai City for rending speclmens ． We are indebted to Dr ． Yoshiaki Mat5ushi！na

of the Kanagawa Prefecture Mus ¢ um 曲 o kindly provided the geological informations on the specimen

stored in the museum ， Mr ． Takaya Tanaka kindly assisted us with preparation of the illustration of the new species ．

要約

これまでにたのエのの報告され化石資料に，筆者ら新資料を加え，日本産サザ亜属化石分類学的検

をったサザエ Turbo ンカエ討行結果， CBatiltus♪cornutus Lightfoet，ナイサザ T ”rbe rBatiltttS）chinensis

エ Ozawa and Tomida および化石新種ムカシサザ Turbo（Batillus丿priscus n ．sp．の 3 種が確認された。サエのザ化石は鮮新世後期に初産出し，本州の第四紀層中から産出する。

かって MacNei エ，蓋（1960）によりサザに比較同定された沖縄本島の上部鮮新統仲尾次砂岩層および更新統那覇石灰岩および読谷石灰岩産の種は再検討した結果ナンカイサザエの化石であることが判明し

た。本報告で新種記載したムカシサザエ Turbo （Batillusl priscus n ． sp ．は殻及び蓋の形態にサザエとナ

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厂 Ozawa ＆ Tomida ： Systematic Study of Fossil Turbo （Batillus） 291

ンカサザエのイ中間的な特徴を多く示すが t 次の点で明瞭に区別される。サザエとは（1 ）石灰質の蓋外面のがでつよ螺肋平滑かり微細な穎粒で被われ，その中心部に低いいい粗穎粒で被われた明確な丸丘状がること。 2 の。突起存在す（）管状練状突起がより短いまた，管状の棘状突起がならぶがよ上い肩り方に位置し上方を向て突き出る等の点で区別される。またナンカイサザエとは（1 ）体層の副次螺肋がサザェのように弱く不’明瞭になりかつ管状の棘状突起が発達

する。 2 ののい（＞石灰質蓋外面に，より発達した螺肋をめぐらL その中心に明確な丸丘状突起が存在すること等で区別される。本新彊は南西諸の久か・・島米島ら，南九州宮崎，山梨県南部神奈川県千葉県東部を含む関東地方南部にかけての太平洋岸の上の最部中新統から最下部鮮新統地層中から産出する。なお本新種の模式標はの里本久米島仲村真謝西方に分布する真謝層中部の軽石質砂岩層中より得られた。化石の時空分布および形態学的比からムェ較，新種カシサザ Turbo fBatiUus） prisctts n ． sp ，はサザエ Turho （BatiUus） Lightfoot comtttus およびナンカイサザエ Turba （Batittus） chinensis Ozawa and Temida の共通の祖先種で

あると考察された。

Referenees

Abbott R ．T ．， and Dance S ，．1981．α ）〃2pend ’um seashetls．411 ， P q厂 pp ．， E ．P ，DUtton Inc．， New York． ’ Baba ， K l990．ル「b〃uscan ∬ ” 丿a a∬ e〃iblages qゾ，加 Kazusa Gro 殉p， South Kwanto ， centra ，ノ＠ αη．鬯 445 PP・・Published by Keiogijyuku Yochisha，（in Japanese） Barro 」． A ， and Baldauf 工叫， G ，1990．D 弓velopme “t of biosilic弓ous sedimentation in the North P“cific

during the Miocene and e旦rly Pliocene．：， ed ．： Neogene In R Tsuchi（）Paeific e昭〃 ’＆ The’〃 ’Ming ， nat ＃re qnd ’nte 〃 etationship 43− 63 ，， Tokyo UniversityPress， Tokyo， and Hu W Fauna Cai， Ruxing 舶g ， ¢ ihao 1991．」 Z ’α〃．ルfo〃us た＆ 370 ．4pls ． hejiang q／周 g pp ，，翆 Sci巳nce and Technology Publishing House， China．（in Chinese） Hab 自 T ．and Kosuge ，， T ．， Common she ’ ’n ω ’our ．，64 ， Hoikusha 1967 ls qズJapan 223pp ， pls ，， Tokyo ．（in Japanese）

Hirase・S ・真934・！蚤 ‘o 〃lection anese shetls w ’th ’〃ustrat’o 燗 ’月 naturq ’ o 財」 217 qf 加君知麗 PP ，， Matsumura Sanshodo，． Tokyo ’ Kira， T ．1962． ShetlS q ’ weste 厂n c ’n co ’oA 224 ． Hoikusha ゾ he Pacヴ2 pp ， PubLishingCQ 曳Ltd ．，Osaka ．

Ku 「° da T ・H ・ be ・・nd Oy ・m ・・・・ T ・ K ・且97L 勲・踟・舵 ’・・・S・g ・ mi ・499・・・・… ” ・． t f 砌 PP ， M C Ltd ，， Tokyo ．

MacNeil F． S．1960． Tertiary and of Okinaw ． U ．3 ．Geot 厂レ Quaternarygastropoda β ．，Su ey レ Pmf 吻． 339 ： 1r 且48．

Matsuura， N ．1977． Mo 且1uscan fossil5 from the late Pleistocene鵬 r皇ne terrace deposits of Hokuriku

regio 【1 ・ Japan Sea side of central Japan ． 5σ’， Rep ． KanazaiVα 砺 ’ソ．， 22（D ： 1− 162， Nakagawa T Fukuoka 0 ．Fulii ，り，，， S．， Chiji， M ． and Nakamura， T ．，且993． Fossil shell assemblages

in thc Hol ene − Takahama shell bed discov¢ red at Takah“ma cho ， wes 重em part of Fukui

Pref ture， Central Japan ， Mono8r ． Fuku ’ C ル ftLs．ハ砌． Hist， No ．1 且一巳妙，， 113，（in Japanes with English abstrac こ）

Noda ． and Kikuchi ， H り Watanabe，R ， Y ，且995．Pliocenemarine moUuscan fauna fro皿 the Hitachi Formatioh on northeas 匡ern the part of IbarakiProfecture，Japan．Sci．Re ρ．加，Geosei．，Uni り． Ts麗kuba，Sect’on β 16 ： − ．， 39 93 』 Ozawa ， T ． a “d Tomida， S ．1992． Thc Zushi Fauna −Late Miocene−Early Pliocene warm marinc ’ water molluscan fauna − of Japan ． But’．〃 1zunam ’Fassi’Mus ．，19 ： 427 439 ，（in Japanese with English abstract ） and S Ozawa ， T ． Tomida，．199S． A new Turbo （Bat’〃us ）species from Chinese coasts ． Venus （Jap． − Jour． 1しfatac，）， 54 ； 269 277 ．

， Oyama K ．1973， Revision of 【o 卿 Mataji Yokoyama s type Molluscafrom the Terti町 y a ロ d Qu飢 ernary ’ of the Kanto Area ． Pateont、 Soc． Japan ，ISpec ． Pap ．， 17 ： 1− 148， Pilsbry ．． −1889． Phasianellinae ’ ， H A 1888 ， Turbinidae， Delphinu正in網．」rn： Tryon s 1ifanua’ qプ

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VENUS VoL No 4 1996 292 ： 55，．（）

：：． Conehゐo ’o ＆γ，PhiIadelphiaConcho量ogical Section．Academy of NaturalSciences， 10 323 pp Reeve， L ， A ．1848， Conchologia Icor証ca or illustrations of sheU50f mol1uscous animals （centinued − Turbo with ・ by G ．B。Sowerby）， London ， 4 （工846 1848）， Monograph of the genus ， 9pls． descrip tions of species．

T 1973 Moll ロ scan assemblages of the basal of the Zushi Formation the Shikama，，． part in Miura

Peninsula， Sci， Re ρ． Tohoku 〔ノniv ．，2nd Sen （Geo ’o ＆ソ）， Spec． VoL ，6 （Professor Kotora Hatai Memoriat Volume ）：【79−204 ．

world ’〃ust 砌 ted in ごolours ． Shikama，T ．and Horikoshi， M ．1963，Setectedshe ’tsqf the 154 pp り

冒kan Publishing Co Ltd Tokyo Hokuryu ．．，， Taki I and Oyama K ．1954． Pliocene a 駄d later faunas from the Kwanto region in Japan ． Palaeent．，， − Soc ． JaJワαノ1， SJワec，」Palフ．， 2 ： 1 68． Yokoyama ， M ．1924． Mo 量1usca from the cora レbed Qf Awa ． Jour， Co 〃． Sci，加 μ 枷 ’り．7b 妙 o ，54 ： 1− 82．

Publishing Wang ， Rucai l988． Coloured〃’ustrations of a4uatic Mo 〃usca 加 China．255 pp ．， Zh¢ jiang

House of Scienceand Technology， China．（in Chinese）

： May 27 1996 ［Received ，】

Plate 1

（AII figures in naturaL size unless otherwise stated）

Turbo （Batill“s ）priscus n ． sp ．ムカシサザエ（新称） − − − la lc． Holotype （ESN2570）from the uppermost Mi ene Maja Formation： Maja ， Nakasato m ロra ， Shimajiri

Prefecture 1a． dersal view apertural view 1c． enlarged spire x l．5．完模式標本 gun，Okinawa ；； lb，；，，沖縄県最上部中新統真謝層産，名古屋大学古川総合研究資料館蔵．

2a．2b． Paratype（ESN2571 ）； 2a． dorsal view ； lb． Iateral view ，副模式標本（同上産，同上所蔵）． 3a，3b． Paratype（ESN2572）； 3a． dorsal view ； 3b． apertural view ，副模式標本（同上産，同上所蔵）． 4．Paratype〔ESN2574 ）． a part of body whorl showing the development of three rews of hollow spines （同上産，同上所蔵）．

− − 5 7．Opercロla（Paratypes），5． outer yEew of operculum （ESN2576 ），6． ESN2575．6a． outer view of opercu lum ． inner view 上上蔵．，6b ofoperculum ，7．outer view of operculum （ESN2577）（同産，同所〉 ’ 8，Dorsal view （Kamiya s Collection）from the ！owermost Piiocene Osozawa Member of the Shizukawa − Group in Osozawa， Nakatomiche ， Yamanashi Prefecture，最下部鮮新統遅沢部層産． − − 9．Dorsal vie甲（ESN2578）， from the uppermQst Miocene Tokawa Conglomerate in lnuwaka， Na arai cho ， Choshl City，最上部中新統外川礫岩層産，名古屋大学古川総合研究資料館蔵，（All figures with whi ［ening ）

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Plate 1

．，

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294 VENUS ： VoL 55， No ．4 （且996）

Plate 2

（All figures in natural size）

1−3．Turbo （BatitlttS）chinensis Ozawa and Tomida．ナンカイサザエ 1960 the upper Pliocene Nakoshi Sand in Haneji， Nago City， L Dorsal view 〔USNM562895 ， MacNeil，），

Okinawa Prefectu【e ．アメリカ自然史博物 2．Apertural view （USNM562896 ）（ditto）； 1，2：沖縄県上部鮮新統仲尾次砂岩層産、館蔵．．apertural view ．outer view of 3．Recent specimen from Shanwei， Guangdong Province， China，3a ， 3b operculum 現生比較標奉，中国広東省汕尾産． 4−7．Tu rbo （BatiUus）cornutus Lightfoet．サザエ middle Pleistecene Toyohashi Formation in Takamatsu ， Akabane −cho ， Atsumi−gun ， Aichi 4，ESN2584，

w 豊橋層産名古屋大学古Jlli総合研究資料館 P，，f，ctu ・e ，4・．・p・・tu・al ・i・w ； 4b、d・rsal ・i・．中部更新統，蔵．

・・ k Kimit・u City Chiba 5．Ap ・rtu・al ・ i・w （ESN2581 ），1・ w ・・ Pl・ i・tg・・ ne 1・ hljuk・ F・・m ・ ti・・ i・ 1・ hij … ・

Prefecture，下部更新統市宿層産，同上所蔵． − City 6，0perCulum （ESN2583｝， upper rltddle Pleistocene Miyata Formation in Tsukui hama ， Yokosuka ，・・・yi ・w 。 f・・… 1・ m ・中部更新統宮田酵・ K ・n ・g・w ・ P・efe ・ tu・e ．6・．・ ut ・・ vi ・w ・f ・P・・cul ・ m ，6b．inne P 同上所蔵． − Fukui Prefecture．現生比 7．Outer view of operCutUm ，Recent specimen from the Echizen Coast， Nittgun ，

較標本，福井県越前海岸産． ’ 8． Tttrbo（Batitlus）Pliseus n ． sp ．ムカシサザエ（新称） −mura apertural view （YCM −GP864）， lowermQst Plioceれe Ochiai Conglomerate in OchiaL Kiyokawa ， Aiko−gun， Kanagawa Prefectore，最下部鮮新統落合礫岩層産、横須賀市自然史博物館蔵．（All figures with whitenlng ）

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Ozawa ＆ Tomida ： Systematic Study of Fossit Turbo （Batiltus） 295

Plate 2

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VENUS Vol 4 1996 296 ：，55， No ．（）

PI日te 3

（A 【田 gure漁 na しural size）

1，2。Tttrbo（Batill”s）comutus Lightfoot．サザエ −cho Atsurni− 1a，1b． MFMI12119 ， rniddle Pleistocene Toyohashi Formation in Takamatsu， Akabane ，

・・・・w 1b、ap ・r・ur ・1・［・w ・中纈新纏橋雕・名古屋大学古川総合 gun，、Ai・hiP・ef ・・t・・e 、1・．d。rsat i ．研究資料蔵．・ d・t・ ne ・ in N ・ k。 Shi・u 。 k・ α ty ・ 2．Ap ・・tu・a1 ・ i・ w （MFMI12118 ），・ middl ・ Pl・ist・・ene N ・ k。y・， M y… Shizuoka PrefeCture．中部更新統根古屋泥岩層産，瑞浪市化石博物館蔵．〔AII figures w 正th whitening ）

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Ozawa ＆ Tomida： Systematie Study of Fossil Turbo （Batitlus） 297

Plate 3

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