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Poseidon's domain actually extended beyond the oceans to include freshwater rivers, even though the river gods were the sons of Oceanus and Tethys. Mlthmakers often depicted Poseidon as gruff and quick to anger. He sometimes resented the greater dominion of Zeus. Perhaps for this reason, Poseidon lived not in olympus, but in an underwater palace off the eastern coast of Greece. His subordinate position to Zeus made him sensitive about his other rights. Poseidon got into more arguments over city patronage than any other olympian. He contested the patronage of Argos with Hera and the patronage of Corinth with Helius. Poseidon lost both disputes and had to content himself with the patronage of various islands and seaports. The most famous of these disputes was the fight over Athens with Athena. Poseidon claimed the land by plunging his trident into the ground of the Acropolis and creating a . salt-water spring. But Athena later planted the first olive tree beside this well and ciaimed the city as her own. Poseidon immediately challenged her to combat, but Zeus intervened and put the f.natter before a divine tribunal. Wishing to remain neutral and above the ftay, ze:us did not vote, That left four other gods, all of whom voted for Poseidon. (Hades, as was his custom, did not attend the Olympian hearing.) The five goddesses, however, all sided with Athena, giving her the right to the land by virtue of her greater gift to the city. In a fury, Poseidon flooded the Attic plain. The Athenians adopted several measures to appease Poseidon's wrath. The city denied the women of Athens the right to vote. It ended the practice of men carrying on their mothers' names. And ali Athenians con- tinued to honor both Poseidon and Athena on the Acropolis. Bccstly Cooplingr, Beostly Childten Poseidon courted Amphitrite, one of the Nereids (daughters of Nereus, the old Man of the Sea). Yet Amphitdte scorned the 8od's advances and fled to the Atlas Mountains. poseidon refused to give up and sent messengers after her to plead his case. One of these, Delphinus, argued so persuasively for his master that he broke down Amphitrite,s resis- tance. She agreed to marry Poseidon. (The god later showed his gratitude by placing his messenger's image in the sky as a constellation: the Dolphin.) Like his brother Zeus, however, Poseidon was not exactly the poster boy for fidelity. He too had numetous affairs with goddesses, nyrnphs, and mortals. Like most sea gods, Poseidon had the power to transform his shape, and often did so in order to complete a seduction: ) He appeared to the maiden Medusa as a bird. Unfortunately, he chose as the setting for this seduction one of Athena's temples. The enraged goddess punished Medusa by turning her into a Gorgon (sbe Chapter 10). > To mate with Theophane, whom he had changed into a ewe in order to hide her from her many suitors, he transformed himself into a ram. ) When Demeter, overwhelmed by the loss of her daughter persephone, attempted to escape her brother's attentions by changing herself into a mare, poseidon was not fooled. He changed himself into a staluon and mated with her in an Arcadian pasture Poseidon also mated in the shape of a dolphin and a bull. These many transformations had a powerful influence on his offspring, too: L Medusa's children were the winged horse Pegasus and the giant wardot Chrysaor. ) His union with Theophane produced the famous Golden-Fleeced ram (see Chapter 14). ) Demeter had two children by him: the nymph Despoena and a wild and remarkable horse named Arion. ) Many of his children were giants, including Chrysaor, the Cyclops Polyphemus, and the trouble-making brothers Otus and Ephialtes. As a father, Poseidon was very protective, not only toward his three children by Amphitrite, but toward the children of his many mistresses, too. poseidon made his son Cycnus invulnerable to weapons. He helped Theseus prove his parentage in a bragging contest with King Minos of Crete (see Chapter 15). And he avenged the blinding of Polyphemus by tormenting Odysseus for 10 years (see Chapter l8). +r3E eHrS FIr*rat I riE if F.s f d $EFEE $EE I [*g;Hii g s ;Fsgig*r l+*AFeei nQ go trl rtI gE t{ EA$E IIEf 6 ggggiggi,g$Fisi;; tlet;l$gt:i ;i a+lF r; t ; r.i iEffiL"rl{,ffii#j;ffi-ry .:,.'a;'r. ffi;i..i'.ffiffi POSEIDON, coD OF THE OCEANS Poseidon, God of the Oceans poseidon received the oceans as his portion when the victorious Olympians divided.the universe among themselves. The stories about him reflect the respect, love and fear that the sea inspired in the Mediterranean world. The sea q,as of great inrportance to the Greeks often dark gocl. He was so significant that in sorne ancl Romans, because it was one o[ their principal parts of the Mediterranean he was regarded as means of transport ancl comtnttnication.
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